Life is Cellular (Chapter 7) Discovery of the Cell In the mid-1600s, ______________________ used a _______________________________ microscope to observe ________________________ and discovered a world of tiny _____________________ organism in the water. In 1665, Englishman, _______________________ used an early ________________ light microscope to look at a thin slice of _________ a plant material. He observed thousands of tiny empty chambers, he called _____________ now considered to be the ____________________________________ Development of Cell Theory In 1838, German botanist, ____________________________ concluded that all _________ were made of cells. The next year, German biologists, __________________________ stated that all _________ were made of cells. In 1855, German physician ________________ concluded that new cells could only be produced from ____________________________ Together the works of these scientist and others led to the development of ____________________________ the fundamental concept of biology! The Cell Theory states: All things are composed of __________________ Cells are the _______________________________________________________ New cells are ______________________________________________________ Exploring the Cell In the 1940s, a new type of microscope, the ______________________________ was invented. The Electron Microscope uses beams of ______________ instead of __________________ to magnify images and can do so up to _______________________ the actual size of the image. The Electron Microscope was better than the Light Microscope because it allowed scientists to see the __________________________________________________________________. There are several different types of Electron Microscopes: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM):________________________________________ Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): ____________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM): ______________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2 Types of Cells With the development and use of the microscopes, scientists were able to discover 2 groups of cells that exists in living organisms: _____________________ Cells: cells that _________ internal ____________________ structures called ______________________ (little organs) _____________________ Cells: cells that __________ internal ____________________ structures or organelles (has a _______________) Discovery of the Nucleus Robert Brown, a Scottish scientist, was the ______________________________________ in cells, called the ______________ Rudolf Virchow later concluded that this structure (nucleus) is responsible for ____________________________________ in living organisms. 6 Kingdom System (into which living organisms belong): Eubacteria-__________________________ ex: E. coli (__________________) Archaebacteria-_______________________ ex. Methanogens (__________________) Protista-_____________________________ ex. Amoeba, algae Fungi-_______________________________ ex. Mushrooms, athlete’s foot Plants-_______________________________ ex. Pine, flowers Animals-_____________________________ ex. Sponges, humans NOTE: THE ONLY _____________________ ON EARTH ARE ______________________________(____________________) Draw Typical Prokaryotic Cells Typical Eukaryotic Cell