Publication
Original Research appearing in Peer-Reviewed Journals
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Marshall, N., Wong, K., Liu, P., Cullen, S., Knuiman, M., Grunstein, R. Sleep apnea as an independent risk factor for all-cause
mortality: the Busselton Health Study. Sleep. 2008; 31:1079-85.
Liu, P., McLachlan, R. Male hormonal contraception: so near and yet so far. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and
metabolism. 2008; 93:2474-6.
Liu, P., Swerdloff, R., Anawalt, B., Anderson, R., Bremner, W., Elliesen, J., Gu, Y., Kersemaekers, W., McLachlan, R.,
Meriggiola, M., Nieschlag, E., Sitruk-Ware, R., Vogelsong, K., Wang, X., Wu, F., Zitzmann, M., Handelsman, D., Wang, C.
Determinants of the Rate and Extent of Spermatogenic Suppression during Hormonal Male Contraception: An Integrated
Analysis. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2008; 93:1774-83.
Grunstein, R., Phillips, C., Liu, P. Sleep apnea--past, present, future. Sleep medicine reviews. 2008; 12:1-4.
Yee, B., Buchanan, P., Mahadev, S., Banerjee, D., Liu, P., Phillips, C., Loughnan, G., Steinbeck, K., Grunstein, R. Assessment
of sleep and breathing in adults with prader-willi syndrome: a case control series. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM :
official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2007; 3:713-718.
Liu, P., Iranmanesh, A., Keenan, D., Pincus, S., Veldhuis, J. A Noninvasive Measure of Negative-Feedback Strength,
Approximate Entropy, Unmasks Strong Diurnal Variations in the Regularity of Luteinizing Hormone Secretion. American
journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. 2007; 293:E1409-E1415.
Liu, P., Beilin, J., Meier, C., Nguyen, T., Center, J., Leedman, P., Seibel, M., Eisman, J., Handelsman, D. Age-related Changes
in Serum Testosterone and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Australian Men: Longitudinal Analyses of Two Geographically
Separate Regional Cohorts. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2007; 92:3599-3603.
Liu, P., Caterson, I., Grunstein, R., Handelsman, D. Androgens, obesity, and sleep-disordered breathing in men. Endocrinology
and metabolism clinics of North America. 2007; 36:349-363.
Chung, T., Kelleher, S., Liu, P., Conway, A., Kritharides, L., Handelsman, D. Effects of testosterone and nandrolone on cardiac
function: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clinical endocrinology. 2007; 66:235-245.
Aaltonen, P., Amory, J., Anderson, R., Behre, H., Bialy, G., Blithe, D., Bone, W., Bremner, W., Colvard, D., Cooper, T.,
Elliesen, J., Gabelnick, H., Gu, Y., Handelsman, D., Johansson, E., Kersemaekers, W., Liu, P., MacKay, T., Matlin, S., Mbizvo,
M., McLachlan, R., Meriggiola, M., Mletzko, S., Mommers, E., Muermans, H., Nieschlag, E., Odlind, V., Page, S., Radlmaier,
A., Sitruk-Ware, R., Swerdloff, R., Wang, C., Wu, F., Zitzmann, M. 10th Summit Meeting consensus: recommendations for
regulatory approval for hormonal male contraception. Journal of andrology. 2007; 28:362-363.
Liu, P., Handelsman, D. Early markers of metabolic syndrome in nonoverweight, middle-aged men. Nature Clinical Practice
Urology. 2006; 3:524-5.
Liu, P., Takahashi, P., Roebuck, P., Veldhuis, J. Age or factors associated with aging attenuate testosterone's
concentration-dependent enhancement of the regularity of luteinizing hormone secretion in healthy men. The Journal of
clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2006; 91:4077-84.
Christian, R., Liu, P., Harrington, S., Ruan, M., Miller, V., Fitzpatrick, L. Intimal estrogen receptor (ER)beta, but not ERalpha
expression, is correlated with coronary calcification and atherosclerosis in pre- and postmenopausal women. The Journal of
clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2006; 91:2713-20.
Keenan, D., Takahashi, P., Liu, P., Roebuck, P., Nehra, A., Iranmanesh, A., Veldhuis, J. An ensemble model of the male
gonadal axis: illustrative application in aging men. Endocrinology. 2006; 147:2817-28.
Liu, P., Swerdloff, R., Christenson, P., Handelsman, D., Wang, C. Rate, extent, and modifiers of spermatogenic recovery after
hormonal male contraception: an integrated analysis. Lancet. 2006; 367:1412-1420.
Handelsman, D., Liu, P. Editorial: Klinefelter's syndrome - A microcosm of male reproductive health. Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006; 91:1220-1222.
Liu, P., Wang, C., Swerdloff, R. Does individual response to androgen replacement therapy affect bone density?. Nature
clinical practice. Endocrinology & metabolism. 2006; 2:76-7.
Liu, P., Pincus, S., Takahashi, P., Roebuck, P., Iranmanesh, A., Keenan, D., Veldhuis, J. Aging attenuates both the regularity
and joint synchrony of LH and testosterone secretion in normal men: analyses via a model of graded GnRH receptor blockade.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. 2006; 290:E34-E41.
19. Meier, C., Liu, P., Seibel, M., Handelsman, D. Sex steroids and skeletal health in men. In: Osteoporosis and the Osteoporosis
of Rheumatic Diseases. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier 2006. p. 145-156.
20. Meier, C., Liu, P., Handelsman, D., Seibel, M. Endocrine regulation of bone turnover in men. Clinical endocrinology. 2005;
63:603-16.
21. Liu, P., Swerdloff, R., Wang, C. Relative testosterone deficiency in older men: clinical definition and presentation.
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. 2005; 34:957-72, x.
22. Liu, P., Iranmanesh, A., Nehra, A., Keenan, D., Veldhuis, J. Mechanisms of hypoandrogenemia in healthy aging men.
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. 2005; 34:935-55, ix.
23. Thieben, M., Blacker, D., Liu, P., Harper, C., Wijdicks, E. Pulmonary function tests and blood gases in worsening myasthenia
gravis. Muscle & nerve. 2005; 32:664-7.
24. Liu, P., Takahashi, P., Roebuck, P., Iranmanesh, A., Veldhuis, J. Aging in healthy men impairs recombinant human luteinizing
hormone (LH)-stimulated testosterone secretion monitored under a two-day intravenous pulsatile LH clamp. The Journal of
clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2005; 90:5544-50.
25. Liu, P., Takahashi, P., Roebuck, P., Iranmanesh, A., Veldhuis, J. Age-specific changes in the regulation of LH-dependent
testosterone secretion: assessing responsiveness to varying endogenous gonadotropin output in normal men. American journal
of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology. 2005; 289:R721-8.
26. Liu, P., Pincus, S., Keenan, D., Roelfsema, F., Veldhuis, J. Joint synchrony of reciprocal hormonal signaling in human
paradigms of both ACTH excess and cortisol depletion. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. 2005;
289:E160-5.
27. Ly, L., Liu, P., Handelsman, D. Rates of suppression and recovery of human sperm output in testosterone-based hormonal
contraceptive regimens. Human reproduction (Oxford, England). 2005; 20:1733-40.
28. Takahashi, P., Liu, P., Roebuck, P., Iranmanesh, A., Veldhuis, J. Graded inhibition of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion by
a selective gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-receptor antagonist in healthy men: evidence that age attenuates
hypothalamic GnRH outflow. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2005; 90:2768-74.
29. Liu, P., Hoey, K., Mielke, K., Veldhuis, J., Khosla, S. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of short-term graded transdermal
estradiol in healthy gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-suppressed pre- and postmenopausal women: effects on serum
markers of bone turnover, insulin-like growth factor-I, and osteoclastogenic mediators. The Journal of clinical endocrinology
and metabolism. 2005; 90:1953-60.
30. Handelsman, D., Liu, P. Andropause: invention, prevention, rejuvenation. Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM.
2005; 16:39-45.
31. Liu, P., Pincus, S., Keenan, D., Roelfsema, F., Veldhuis, J. Analysis of bidirectional pattern synchrony of concentration secretion pairs: implementation in the human testicular and adrenal axes. American journal of physiology. Regulatory,
integrative and comparative physiology. 2005; 288:R440-6.
32. Liu, P., Christian, R., Ruan, M., Miller, V., Fitzpatrick, L. Correlating androgen and estrogen steroid receptor expression with
coronary calcification and atherosclerosis in men without known coronary artery disease. The Journal of clinical
endocrinology and metabolism. 2005; 90:1041-6.
33. Meier C*, Liu PY*, Ly LP, de Winter-Modzelewski J, Jimenez M, Handelsman DJ, Seibel MJ. Recombinant hCG, but not
DHT alone stimulates osteoblastic collagen synthesis in older men with partial age related androgen deficiency. Journal of
Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004; 89:3033-41. *both authors contributed equally to the work.
34. Liu PY, Yee B, Wishart SM, Jimenez M, Gun Jung D, Grunstein RR, Handelsman DJ. The short-term effects of high dose
testosterone on sleep, breathing and function in older men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2003; 88:
3605-13.
35. Crawford BAL, Liu PY, Kean M, Bleasel J, Handelsman DJ. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial of androgen effects on bone
and muscle in men requiring long-term systemic glucocorticoid therapy. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
2003; 88: 3167-76.
36. Turner L, Jimenez M, Conway AJ, Liu PY, Forbes E, McLachan RI, Handelsman DJ. Contraceptive efficacy of a depot
androgen and progestin combination in men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2003; 88: 4659-67.
37. Liu PY, Wishart SM, Celermajer DS, Di Pierro I, Jimenez M, Conway AJ, Handelsman DJ. Do Reproductive Hormones
Modify Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolism in Older Men? A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of recombinant
human Chorionic Gonadotropin (r-hCG). European Journal of Endocrinology 2003; 48: 55-66.
38. Ng MKC, Liu PY, Williams A, Nakhla S, Ly LP, Handelsman DJ and Celermajer DS. Prospective study of the effect of
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androgens on serum inflammatory markers. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 2002; 22: 1136-41.
Liu PY, Wishart SM, Handelsman DJ. Randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial of recombinant human chorionic
gonadotropin (hcg) on muscle mass, strength and physical activity in older men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and
Metabolism 2002; 87: 3125-35.
Liu PY, Gebski VJ, Turner L, Conway AJ, Wishart S, Handelsman DJ. predicting pregnancy and spermatogenesis by survival
analysis during gonadotropin treatment of gonadotropin deficient infertile men. Human Reproduction 2002; 17: 101-9.
Kelleher S, Wishart SM, Liu PY, Turner L, Di Pierro I, Conway AJ, Handelsman DJ. Long-term outcomes of elective human
sperm cryostorage. Human Reproduction 2001; 16:2632-9.
Liu PY, Turner L, Rushford D, McDonald J, Baker GHW, Conway AJ, Handelsman DJ. Efficacy and safety of recombinant
human follicle stimulating hormone (Gonal-F) with urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin for induction of spermatogenesis
and fertility in gonadotrophin-deficient men. Human Reproduction 1999; 14:1540-45.
Major Reviews appearing in Peer-Reviewed Journals
43. Liu PY, Swerdloff RS, Veldhuis JD. The Rationale, Efficacy and Safety of Androgen Therapy in Older Men: Future Research
and Current Practice Recommendations. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004; 89:4789-96.
44. Liu PY, Death AK, Handelsman DJ. Androgens and cardiovascular disease. Endocrine Reviews, 2003; 24:313-40.
45. Liu PY, Handelsman DJ. The present and future state of hormonal treatment for male infertility. Human Reproduction Update,
2003; 9:9-23.
Books, Chapters and Major Reviews
46. Liu PY, Iranmanesh A, Nehra AJ, Keenan DM, Veldhuis JD. Mechanisms of Hypoandrogenemia in Healthy Aging Men.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2005 Dec;34(4):935-55.
47. Yee B, Liu PY, Philips C, Grunstein RR. Neuroendocrine Changes in Sleep Apnea. Curr Opin Pulm Med,2004,10(6):475-481.
48. Liu PY. Hormonal induction of spermatogenesis in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In: Kandeel FR, Swerdloff R,
Pryor J eds. Male Reproductive Dysfunction: Pathophysiology and treatment. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2004 (in press).
49. Liu PY, Gooren LJG, Handelsman DJ. Impact of Systemic Disease on Male Sexual Dysfunction In: Kandeel FR, Swerdloff R,
Pryor J eds. Male Sexual Dysfunction: Pathophysiology and treatment. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2004 (in press).
50. Liu PY, Handelsman DJ. Androgen therapy in non-gonadal disease. In: Nieschlag E, Behre HM, eds. Testosterone: Action,
Deficiency and Substitution, 3rd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004; Chapter 15: 445-95.
51. Liu PY, Handelsman DJ. Hypogonadism in Men with Chronic Renal Insufficiency. In: Winters SJ, ed. Male Hypogonadism:
Basic, Clinical and Therapeutic Principles, 2nd Edition. Totowa: The Humana Press, 2003; Chapter 12: 227-46.
52. Liu PY, Handelsman DJ. Hormonal therapy of the infertile man. In: Meikle A W, ed. Endocrine replacement therapy in clinical
practice, 2nd Edition. Totowa: The Humana Press, 2003; Chapter 24: 453-67.
53. Liu PY, Handelsman DJ. Erectile dysfunction. MIMS Disease Index, 2002.
54. Liu PY, Handelsman DJ. Androgens and ageing. Current Therapeutics 2001; 42:47-53.
55. Liu PY, Handelsman DJ. Randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) on
muscle mass, strength and physical activity in older men. Research Summaries Book, American Endocrine Society, 2001.
56. Liu PY, Handelsman DJ. Androgen therapy in non-gonadal disease. In: Nieschlag E, Behre HM, eds. Testosterone: Action,
Deficiency and Substitution, 2nd Edition. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1998:473-512.
57. Handelsman DJ, Liu PY. Androgen therapy in chronic renal failure. Baillieres Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 1998;
12:485-500.
Consensus Statements and Editorials
58. Miller VM, Tindall DJ, Liu PY. Of mice, men and hormones. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2004;
24:995-7.
59. Anonymous. Sixth Summit Meeting Consensus: Recommendations for Regulatory Approval for Hormonal Male
Contraception. Int J Androl 2002; 25: 375.
Abstracts and Scientific Presentations
60. Liu PY, Miekle KL, Hoey KA, Veldhuis JD, Khosla S. Low dose estradiol rapidly increases osteoblastic procollagen
production in postmenopausal women. Proceedings of the American Bone and Mineral Research Society, 26th Annual Meeting,
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Seattle, October 2004.
Liu PY, Takahashi P, Roebuck P, Nehra A, Veldhuis JD. Biological nonuniformity of selective GnRH Receptor-blockade of LH
secretory-burst mass at any given antagonist concentration in men. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of
Endocrinology, Lisbon, Portugual, September 2004.
Soares-Welch C, Mielke KL, Bradford KA, Mahmud FH, Liu PY, Miles JM, Bowers CY, Veldhuis JD. Heightened
responsivity to GHRP-2 and GHRH agonism in the presence of putative somatostatin withdrawal in young women compared
with men. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Endocrinology, Lisbon, Portugual, September 2004.
Liu PY, Keenan DM, Pincus SM, Veldhuis JD. Analysis of nonlinear pattern synchrony of effector concentration-response
secretion pairs: implementation in the young and aging human male gonadal axis. Proceedings American Endocrine Society,
86th Annual Meeting, New Orleans, June 2004.
Liu PY, Roelfsema F, Keenan DM, Pincus SM, Veldhuis JD. Pairwise ACTH and cortisol synchrony analyses unveil unequal
feedforward-feedback signaling regularity in the older human corticotropic-adrenal axis. Proceedings American Endocrine
Society, 86th Annual Meeting, New Orleans, June 2004.
Thieben MJ, Blacker DJ, Liu PY, Harper CM, Wijdicks EFM. The Value of Pulmonary Function Tests in Predicting Intubation
in Myasthenic Crises. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology, San Francisco, April
2004.
Meier C, Liu PY, Ly LP, de Winter-Modzelewski J, M. Jimenez M, Handelsman DJ, Seibel MJ. Recombinant hCG, but not
DHT Stimulates Osteoblastic Collagen Synthesis in Older Men with Partial Age Related Androgen Deficiency. Proceedings of
the American Bone and Mineral Research Society, 25th Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, September 2003.
Liu PY. Androgens and Body Composition in Male Ageing. Asian Journal of Andrology 2002; 4 (3 Suppl): 25.
Liu PY, Yee BJ, Wishart SM, Yang QQ, Grunstein RR, Handelsman DJ. The acute effects of high dose testosterone on sleep in
ageing men. Proceedings of College of Health Sciences, University of Sydney Biannual Scientific Meeting, Leura, September
2002.
Turner L, Wishart S, Conway AJ, Liu PY, Forbes E, McLachan RI, Handelsman DJ. Contraceptive efficacy of a depot
androgen and progestin combination in men. Proceedings of Endocrine Society of Australia Annual Scientific Meeting,
Adelaide, September 2002.
Liu PY, Yee BJ, Wishart SM, Yang QQ, Grunstein RR, Handelsman DJ. The acute effects of high dose testosterone on sleep in
ageing men. Proceedings of Endocrine Society of Australia Annual Scientific Meeting, Adelaide, September 2002.
Yee BJ, Liu PY, Yang QQ, Wishart SM, Handelsman DJ, Grunstein RR. A double blind, placebo controlled randomised
crossover study of intramuscular testosterone esters on sleep in men over 60 years of age. Proceedings of the European Society
of Sleep Research, Revjiklavik, Iceland, June 2002.
Turner L, Wishart S, Conway AJ, Liu PY, Forbes E, McLachan RI, Handelsman DJ. Contraceptive efficacy of a depot
androgen and progestin combination in men. Proceedings American Endocrine Society, 84th Annual Meeting, San Francisco,
June 2002.
Liu PY, Yee BJ, Wishart SM, Yang QQ, Grunstein RR, Handelsman DJ. The acute effects of high dose testosterone on sleep in
ageing men. Proceedings American Endocrine Society, 84th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, June 2002.
Yee BJ, Liu PY, Yang QQ, Wishart SM, Handelsman DJ, Grunstein RR. A double blind, placebo controlled randomised
crossover study of intramuscular testosterone esters on sleep in men over 60 years of age. Proceedings of the American
Thoracic Society Annual Scientific Meeting, Atlanta, May 2002.
Turner L, Wishart S, Conway AJ, Liu PY, Forbes E, McLachan RI, Handelsman DJ. Contraceptive efficacy of a depot
androgen and progestin combination in men. Proceedings of the 27th American Society of Andrology Annual Meeting Seattle,
April, 2002.
Crawford B, Liu PY, Kean M, Bleasel J, Handelsman DJ. Androgen therapy in men on longterm glucocorticoids: a 12 month
randomised, placebo-controlled trial of testosterone or nandrolone on bone density and body composition. Proceedings of
Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society Annual Scientific Meeting Auckland, October 2001.
Turner L, Kelleher S, Wishart SM, Di Pierro I, Liu PY, Conway AJ, Handelsman DJ. Long-term outcomes of elective human
sperm cryostorage. Proceedings of Endocrine Society of Australia Annual Scientific Meeting Gold Coast, September, 2001.
Liu PY, Wishart SM, Handelsman DJ. A randomised placebo controlled clinical trial of recombinant hCG on insulin sensitivity,
mood and quality of life in older men. Proceedings of Endocrine Society of Australia Annual Scientific Meeting Gold Coast,
September, 2001.
Ng MKC, Liu PY, Williams A, Nakhla S, Ly LP, Handelsman DJ and Celermajer DS. Prospective study of the effect of
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androgens on serum inflammatory markers. Proceedings of the European Society of Cardiology, Stockholm, September 2001.
Liu PY, Turner L, Conway AJ, Wishart S, Handelsman DJ. Predicting pregnancy and spermatogenesis by survival analysis
during gonadotropin treatment of gonadotropin deficient infertile men. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of
Andrology, Montreal, Canada, June 2001.
Wishart SM, Kelleher S, Di Pierro I, Conway A J, Liu PY, Handelsman DJ. Long-term outcomes of elective human sperm
cryostorage. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Andrology, Montreal, Canada, June 2001.
Ng MKC, Williams A, Nakhla S, Liu PY, Ly LP, Handelsman DJ and Celermajer DS. Prospective study of the effect of
androgens on serum inflammatory markers. Proceedings of the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2001.
Liu PY, Handelsman DJ. Randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) on
muscle mass, strength and physical activity in older men. Proceedings American Endocrine Society, 83rd Annual Meeting,
Denver, June 2001.
Handelsman DJ, Liu PY, Turner L, Conway AJ. Gonadotrophin and Other Treatments for Gonadotrophin Deficiency.
Proceedings of Clinical Application of Advances in Andrology, Satellite Symposium of Fertility Society of Australia Annual
Scientific Meeting, Hobart, October 1998.
Liu PY, Turner L, Conway AJ, Wishart S, Handelsman DJ. Evaluation of gonadotrophin replacement therapy to induce
spermatogenesis and fertility by survival analysis. Proceedings of Endocrine Society of Australia Annual Scientific Meeting
Perth 1998.
Liu PY, Exner E, Koutts J, Castaldi PA. Comparison of prothrombin fragment detection methods in thrombosis. Aust NZ J of
Med 1993; 23: 120.