Section____________
PAVING WITH PRECAST CONCRETE PAVERS
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
1.2
Scope of work
References
.1
This section applies to manual or mechanical laying of precast concrete
pavers for vehicle or pedestrian traffic. It also includes specifications for
pavers, bedding and joints sand, paving curbs, cleaning products and
sealers.
.2
The contractor must supply materials, hardware, equipment and workforce
required for the project and, without restrictions, any potential work entailed
in this section.
.1
American Society for Testing and Materials [ASTM]
.1
C979-05
Standard Specification for Pigments for
Integrally Coloured Concrete.
.2
Canadian Standards Association [CSA]
.1
CSA A23.1-04
Concrete Materials and Methods of Concrete
Construction
.2
CSA A23.2-04
Methods of Test and Standard Practices for
Concrete
.3
CSA A23.4-00
Precast Concrete - Materials and
Construction
.4
CSA A179-04
Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry
.5
CSA A251-00 [C2005] Qualification Code for Architectural and
Structural Precast Concrete Products
.6
CSA A231.2-95 [R2005] Precast concrete pavers
.3
Bureau de normalisation du Québec (Quebec standards bureau) [NQ]
.1
NQ 1809-840 [1989]
Pavés préfabriqués en béton de ciment Pose -Clauses techniques générales [Precast
cement concrete pavers – Installation –
General technical description].
.2
NQ 2624-120 [1992]
Pavés de béton de ciment préfabriqués.
[Precast cement concrete pavers].
.3
NQ 2624-900 [1991]
Protocole particulier de certification - Pavés
préfabriqués de béton de ciment. [Special
certification protocol - Precast cement
concrete pavers].
.4
Ministère des transports du Québec - Cahier des charges et devis généraux
du CCDG [General loads and specifications manual], current edition.
.1
CCDG Section 11
Terrassements [grading]
.2
CCDG Section 12
Fondation de chaussée [base and subbase]
.3
CCDG Section 19
Travaux divers [miscellaneous]
.4
CCDG Standard 1101 Classification des sols [soil classification]
.5
CCDG Standard 2101 Granulats [granular material]
.6
CCDG Standard 2102 Matériaux granulaires pour foundation, sousfondation, couche de roulement granulaire et
accotement [granular material for base,
subbase, subgrades, road surfaces and
shoulders]
.7
CCDG Standard 13101 Geotextiles.
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications (August 2007)
Page 1 of 8
Section____________
PAVING WITH PRECAST CONCRETE PAVERS
1.3
Shop drawings
1.4
Technical specifications
1.5
1.6
1.7
Samples
Project mock-up
Measurements for
invoicing purposes
.1
Shop drawings must show the paver layout and model. They also must
indicate the relation between fixed installations and paver joints as well as
any specific details on scheduled work.
[Note to editor: Only require shop drawings if special conditions, features or
plans make it necessary.]
.1
Submit the following concrete paver specification sheets:
.1 Test results showing compliance with CSA Standard A231.2-95
[R2005]
.2 Test certificate showing compliance with NQ Standard 2624-120 [1992]
.3 Manufacturer’s specifications and installation guidelines.
.2
Submit specifications for sampling, testing, sourcing, granular fill gradation,
mineralogical classification and characteristics of the following materials:
.1 Bedding sand;
.2 Joints sand;
.3 Stabilized sand for filling joints.
.3
Submit specifications for geotextile membranes, indicating mechanical and
physical features for each type used.
.1
Submit full-size sample of each type of paver used.
.2
Submit 1 m x 1 m sample of each type of geotextile used.
.1
Make a 3 m x 3 m mock-up before installing units on the area to be paved.
This mock-up will be used to determine the live load imposed by the
bedding, width of joints, lines, fittings, textures, colours and blend of colours.
.2
After approval by the consultant, this mock-up will constitute the standard
for determining job compliance and may be integrated into the project.
.3
Safeguard this sample for integration into finished project.
.1
Lump sum contract: all work to be paid according to fixed amount indicated
in tender.
.2
Price-per-unit contract: all work to be paid according to unit pricing indicated
in tender.
[Note to editor: Use paragraph relating to project]
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications (August 2007)
Page 2 of 8
Section____________
PAVING WITH PRECAST CONCRETE PAVERS
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Excavation, backfill and
grading
.1
Materials to comply with specifications of CCDG section 11.
Geotextiles
.1
Type III, non-woven geotextiles, complying with specifications of CCDG
section 19.
[Note to editor: Selection of specific geotextiles should be made in
consultation with a civil engineer]
.1
MG-56 granular material complying with specifications of CCDG section 12.
[Note to editor: Thickness and composition of granular subbase should be
determined in consultation with a civil engineer]
.1
Type MG-20 granular material complying with specifications of CCDG
section 12.
[Note to editor: Thickness and composition of granular base should be
determined in consultation with a civil engineer]
.1
Sand for bedding: manufactured sand, made of 100% granite material only,
free of clay lumps, organic matter or any harmful substance.
Granular subbase
Granular base
Bedding sand
Gradation for bedding sand to comply with CSA Standard A23.1-F04:
Screen size
10 mm
5 mm
2.5 mm
1.25 mm
0.630 mm
0.315 mm
0.160 mm
0.075 mm
Percentage of
passing
100
95 to 100
80 to 100
50 to 90
25 to 65
10 to 35
2 to 10
0 to 1
Acceptable product: L.G. sand 0-2.5 mm sieve size, de Bauval (Sand for bedding)
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications (August 2007)
Page 3 of 8
Section____________
PAVING WITH PRECAST CONCRETE PAVERS
2.6
Sand and stabilized
sand for joints
.1
Joint sand: manufactured sand, made of 100% granite material only, free of
clay lumps, organic matter or any harmful substance.
.2
Stabilized sand for joints: pre-bagged manufactured sand with polymer
binder, made of 100% granite material only, free of clay lumps, organic
matter or any harmful substance.
Gradation for joint-filling material to comply with CSA Standard A179-F04:
Screen size
5 mm
2.5 mm
1.25 mm
630 mm
0.315 mm
0.160 mm
0.075 mm
Percentage of
passing
100
90 to 100
85 to 100
65 to 95
15 to 80
0 to 35
0 to 1
Acceptable product: L.G. sand 0-2.5 mm sieve size, de Bauval (joint-filling sand for pavers)
2.7
Precast concrete
pavers
.1
Precast concrete pavers: compliant with requirements of NQ 2624-120
[1992], NQ 2624-900 [1991] and CSA A231.2-95 [R2005] standard
specifications and subsequent revisions.
.2
Paver type
[
]
.1 Dimensions
[
] mm x [
] mm x [
] mm.
.2 Texture
[
]
.3 Colour
[
]
[Spec note: Concrete pavers availability to be verified before work.]
[Spec note: Thickness of pavers to be determined in consultation with a
qualified civil engineer, in compliance with local regulations regarding
paving calculations or Tech Spec sheets, construction details and ICPI
evaluation software. Guidelines for calculation and regulations on industrial
and maritime harbour applications should be prepared according to ICPI
manuals titled Port and Industrial Pavement Design with Concrete Pavers
and Airfield Pavement Design with Concrete Pavers [Canadian Edition] for
airport applications.]
2.8
Paving curbs
.1
Permacon precast concrete street curbs.
.2
Poured on site concrete curbs, according to section [
.3
Permacon PVC curbs
Approved products: Permapro
.4
Aluminum curbs
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications (August 2007)
].
Page 4 of 8
Section____________
PAVING WITH PRECAST CONCRETE PAVERS
Approved product: StructurEdge by Permaloc.
2.9
2.10
Cleaning products
.1
Approved product: Techniseal cleaner.
[Spec note: Cleaner to be selected in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations for product and concrete pavers. Use of inappropriate
cleaning products may invalidate manufacturer’s guarantee on precast
concrete pavers.]
.1
Approved product: Techniseal sealing compound.
[Spec note: Sealing compounds may be required to improve appearance
and facilitate rainfall and pollutants surface runoff, or to prevent removal of
joint-filling material when subjected to extreme conditions such as jet blast
or slipstream. Sealing compound to be selected in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations for sealer and concrete pavers. Use of
inappropriate sealing compounds may invalidate manufacturer’s guarantee
on precast concrete pavers.]
.1
Unless specified otherwise, complete laying pavers in compliance with NQ
1809-840 [1989] standard specifications.
.1
This section covers precast concrete pavers installation on a granular
compacted base.
.1
Inform the consultant after completion of each of the following activities:
.1 Excavation and grading
.2 Subbase
.3 Base
.4 Sand bedding
.5 Paver installation
Sealing compound
PART 3 - COMPLETION
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
Project compliance
Concrete pavers on
granular base
Inspection
.2
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
Excavation, backfill and
grading
.1
Have work approved after each activity.
Complete work in accordance with specifications of CCDG section 11.
Geotextiles
.1
Complete work in accordance with specifications of CCDG section 19.
.2
Lay geotextile on ground without folds and tuck up edges to protect sides of
foundation. Vehicle circulation on the geotextile is forbidden.
Granular subbase and
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications (August 2007)
Page 5 of 8
Section____________
PAVING WITH PRECAST CONCRETE PAVERS
base
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.3
.1
Complete work in accordance with specifications of CCDG section 12.
.2
Ensure that granular subbase and base are levelled and compacted
adequately. In the event of non-compliance, inform consultant and only
restart work after receiving new instructions from consultant.
.3
Unless specified otherwise, the granular base should exceed the surface to
be paved by at least one and a half times its thickness.
.4
To ensure uniform sand bedding thickness, the surface of the granular base
shall not deviate by more than 5 mm (plus or minus) from indicated
elevation. This shall be measured using a 3 m straight edge. In areas
where tolerances are exceeded, adjust level by adding or removing granular
fill.
.5
After compaction, the granular base shall offer a uniform and sealed surface
such as to avoid loss of sand bedding material.
.6
Ensure that the granular base is not frozen and free of water accumulation
before the sand bedding installation.
.7
The consultant shall approve the installation of the granular base before
proceeding with the installation of the sand bedding.
[Spec note: The thickness of the subgrade and granular foundation must be
determined in consultation with a qualified civil engineer, based on the
nature of the ground and loads to bear.]
.1
Lay curbs in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.
.2
Ensure that alignment and elevations of curbs comply with requirements for
laying pavers. In the event of non-compliance, inform consultant and only
restart work after receiving new instructions from consultant.
.1
Do not use sand bedding material to correct base deficiencies such as
surface irregularities and incorrect elevation.
.2
Spread sand bedding material on the granular base with levelling rulers or
equivalent to create a layer 25 mm thick before compacting.
.3
Do not use joint sand as bedding material.
.4
Keep bedding material loose until pavers are to be laid. Scarify, loosen and
level every area that are even moderately compacted. Avoid any traffic
circulation on bedding after installation.
.5
Ensure that the bedding material is not frozen and that no stagnant water is
present before installing pavers.
Laying curbs
Installation of bedding
material
Laying concrete pavers
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications (August 2007)
Page 6 of 8
Section____________
PAVING WITH PRECAST CONCRETE PAVERS
.1
Install pavers according to specified pattern and model. Lay pavers
manually or mechanically, taking into account slopes, levels, sizes, layout
and pattern as indicated on plans.
.2
Unless specified otherwise, a 5 mm gap should be provided between
pavers and curbs.
.3
The alignment of horizontal joints should form a straight line. The maximum
deviation shall be no more than 15 mm per 15 metres in length.
.4
Along edges, only use complete units or appropriate ends, angles or edge
pavers.
.5
Cut pavers with a masonry saw. Unless specified otherwise in contract
documents, only use complete units for the entire paved perimeter (corners,
edges, sides, etc.) .
.6
Concrete pavers subjected to automobile traffic should not be cut by more
than a third of their overall size.
.7
Avoid any circulation of machinery, vehicles or other equipment on concrete
pavers before their joints are vibrated and filled. Position paver pallets and
other material in order to avoid damaging pavers or exceeding their load
capacity.
.8
Inspect installed pavers and replace all units that are spalled, broken or
damaged in accordance with the consultant’s instructions.
.9
Tamp down concrete paver surfaces with a low-range, high-speed vibrating
plate compactor with centrifugal compacting strength of at least 18 kN at a
frequency of 75 to 100 Hz in order to settle pavers in the bedding. Use the
vibrating plate compactor at least three times in different directions.
.10
Spread, fill and simultaneously vibrate the sand in the joints. Continue to
spread joint sand and tamp down pavers with vibrating plate compactor until
joints are completely filled. The vibrating plate compactor must not be used
closer than 1 m from the edge of unsecured pavers.
.11
Stop laying pavers within 1 m of the edge of the surface to be paved. Fill
joints with sand after each stage of the job.
.12
When installation of pavers is complete, sweep away surplus joint sand.
.13
After construction traffic is re-established, continue to fill joints for several
days to compensate for any settling and further compaction of sand in
joints.
.14
The finished level of the paved surface should not deviate more than 5
mm, measured with a 3 m ruler.
.15
The paved surface should exceed by 3 to 4 mm above catch basin grates,
drainage channels and adjacent concrete sleeves.
.16
Ensure that the elevation of the paved area meets specifications.
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications (August 2007)
Page 7 of 8
Section____________
PAVING WITH PRECAST CONCRETE PAVERS
3.4
3.5
3.6
Clean-up
Applying sealing
compound
Maintenance
.1
Remove any non-adhering foreign matter from paved surface.
.2
Apply cleaning products as stipulated in manufacturer’s recommendations.
.3
Remove all stains (if applicable).
.1
Ensure surface of pavers to be coated is dry, clean, properly prepared and
free of efflorescence or foreign matter.
.2
Apply sealing compound as stipulated in manufacturer’s recommendations.
.3
Avoid traffic on coated surfaces, until sealing compound is dry and hard.
.1
Check the pavers once a year. Add some joint-filling sand between the
pavers if needed, according to steps at section 3.3 (Laying concrete pavers).
Precast concrete pavers
General Specifications (August 2007)
Page 8 of 8