Name __________________
6.1 and Chapter 7 Review
Chapter 6 section 1
1. Define the following terms:

gametes

binary fission

gene

chromosome

chromatid

centromere

homologous chromosomes

diploid

haploid

zygote

fertilization

autosome

sex chromosome

karyotype

disjunction

nondisjunction

prenatal testing

mutation

deletion mutation

inversion mutation

duplication mutation

translocation mutation
2. How does DNA properly get packed into chromosomes before the cell divides? Use
the diagram to help explain how DNA gets packed into a chromosome.
3. Does the number of chromosomes an organism has determine how complicated that
organism is? Explain.
4. Human females have the sex chromosomes of ____________ while human males have
the sex chromosomes of _______________.
5. If an original chromosome has genes A, B, C, D, E, & F as shown below, draw this
chromosome after a deletion mutation.
A
B
C
D
E
F
6. Draw what the original chromosome would look like after a duplication mutation.
7. Draw what the original chromosome from question 5 would look like after an
inversion mutation.
8. Draw what the original chromosome from question 5 would look like after a
translocation mutation with another chromosome that had the genes G, H, & I.
Chapter 7
1. Define the following terms from chapter 7:

meiosis

independent assortment

spermatogenesis

sperm

egg

oogenesis

ovum

crossing over

tetrads

asexual reproduction

sexual reproduction

life cycle

fertilization

genetic diversity
2. Describe three ways genetic variation is increased during the process of meiosis.
3. Distinguish between the stages of meiosis and mitosis. List the similarities and
differences between them using the chart below.
MITOSIS
VS.
MEIOSIS
Similarities
________________________
________________________
________________________
Differences
Type of reproduction?
What type of cells divide?
Number of Divisions?
Crossing over?
When DNA replication
occurs.
Number of daughter cells
formed?
Haploid or diploid daughter cells?
4. Draw two homologous chromosomes and then draw them after crossing-over has
occurred.
5. Describe what happens in each phase of meiosis: (Make sure you can identify each
stage in drawings and photographs!)
a. prophase I
b. metaphase I
c. anaphase I
d. telophase I
e. prophase II
f. metaphase II
g. anaphase II
h. telophase II
6. Meiosis in male and female animals: Explain why only one haploid egg forms from the
process of oogenesis but four haploid sperm form from the process of spermatogenesis.
7. Explain two reasons why genetic variation in an organism is so important.
8. The process of meiosis creates haploid cells. Explain what types of cells go through
meiosis and why it is important that they have a haploid number of chromosomes.
9. The 2n number of chromosomes for humans is ___________ and the haploid number
of chromosomes for humans is ___________.
10. In asexual reproduction there are/is ______ parent(s) and the offspring are genetically
______________________ to the parent. Two examples of organisms that reproduce
asexually are _______________________ and _____________________.
11. Describe these methods of asexual reproduction and give an example of an organism
with that type of asexual reproduction:
a) binary fission
b) fragmentation
c) budding
12. In sexual reproduction there are/is ______ parents and the offspring are genetically
______________________ to the parents. Two examples of organisms that reproduce
sexually are _______________________ and _____________________.
13. The main biological advantage of sexual reproduction is that it increases
________________________________________.
14. An organism with a haploid life cycle spends most of its life with a ___________
number of chromosomes, while an organism with a diploid life cycle spends most of its
time with a ________________ number of chromosomes.
15. An example of an organism with a haploid life cycle is ______________________,
and an example of an organism with a diploid life cycle is ______________________.
16. What is parthenogenesis?