Name____________________________
Date ____________
BIOLOGY
Unit 6 Review
Vocabulary: Fill in the blank with the term being described for each of the following:
Microevolution
Natural Selection
environment
1. evolutionary changes in a population
2. individuals with adaptations best suited to the
survive and reproduce.
Species
Spontaneous Generation
Fitness
Evolution
Fossils
organism
3. group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile
offspring
4. belief that living things come from non-living things
5. an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in an
environment
6. genetic change in a species over time
7. preserved remains, tracks, or traces of once-living
Macroevolution
8. accumulation of evolutionary changes leading to a
Population
species
9. group of organisms of the same species living in the
Biolgenesis
area at the same time
10. belief that all living things come from other living
Adaptation
11. inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s
new
same
things
chance
of surviving in a particular environment
Scientists: For each description, name the scientist involved in the discovery or
theory.
Darwin
present.
Francisco Redi
12. Species evolve by nature “selecting” variations already
13. Maggots were only found in open jars of meat, not closed
jars
Louis Pasteur
after one
Lamarck
on to
Lazzaro Spallanzani
flask had
14. Used a curved neck flask and broth remained clear even
year being open
15. Individuals acquire traits during their lifetime and pass them
their offspring
16. Boiled broth in open flask grew microorganisms; sealed
no growth
Types of Adaptations: For each of the following descriptions, write if it is a behavioral
adaptation, physiological adaptation, or structural adaptation.
____Structural________________17. The fur of a polar bear is thick for the cold climate
____Behavioral_______________18. A newly hatched goose follows its mother
____Structural________________19. The feathers of a bird are hollow and light
____Physiological_____________20. Termites have an enzyme that allows them to digest wood
____Behavioral_______________21. A bird builds a nest from twigs and leaves
____Physiological_____________22. The glands of an octopus allow it to produce ink for defense
Classify each of the following as a homologous structure, analogous structure, or
vestigial structure. If the description has two blank lines, there are two correct answers.
Homologous
23. Different appearance and function, but structurally similar
Analogous
24. Dorsal fin and streamlined bodies of a shark and a dolphin
Vestigial
25. Functionless structures that are similar to functioning structures in
Homologous
species
26. Evidence of a common ancestor
related
Vestigial
Vestigial
27. Tiny hipbones of a whale
Analogous
28. Not evidence of a common ancestor
Homologous
29. Forelimb bones of a human, bat, and dog
Analogous
30. Features that resemble each other as a result of adapting to similar
environments
Answer the following on a separate sheet pf paper.
31. List the five essential requirements for natural selection.
1. All organisms have the ability to produce more offspring than possibly can survive
2. The environment contains things that kill organisms. The environment is often hostile: hot
or cold, dry or flooded, predators are common, and the resources needed to survive and
reproduce (food, water, living space, light) are often in short supply. Darwin describes this as
'struggle for existence'.
3. Individuals vary or differ in their traits. They may differ in size, coloration, running speed,
resistance to disease, and many other traits.
4. Some inherited traits give individuals an advantage in coping with environmental
challenges allowing them to survive longer and produce more offspring.
5. Evolution by natural selection - Individuals with advantageous traits have more offspring.
Each new generation contains a greater proportion of the offspring with these advantageous
traits than did the previous generation. Since these traits are inherited, offspring of individuals
with the advantageous traits become more numerous. Individuals without the trait become
less numerous
32. Describe how the peppered moths study showed natural selection.
During the Industrial Revolution in England, the countryside between London and Manchester became
blanketed with soot from the new coal-burning factories. Many of the light-bodied lichens died from sulphur
dioxide emissions, and the trees became darkened. This led to an increase in bird predation for light-
colored moths, as they no longer blended in as well in their polluted ecosystem. Dark-colored moths, on
the other hand, were camouflaged very well by the blackened trees. The population of dark-colored moth
rapidly increased. By the mid-19th century, the number of dark-colored moths had risen noticeably, and by
1895, the percentage of dark-colored moths in Manchester was reported at 98%, a dramatic change (by
almost 100%) from the original frequency. This effect of industrialization in body color led to the coining of
the term "industrial melanism.”
33. What are the three main types of records used as evidence of evolution?
The fossil record, Molecular Record and Anatomical Record
34. How do fossils form?






Some animals were quickly buried after their death (by sinking in mud, being buried in
a sand storm, etc.).
Over time, more and more sediment covered the remains.
The parts of the animals that didn't rot (usually the harder parts likes bones and teeth)
were encased in the newly-formed sediment.
In the right circumstances (no scavengers, quick burial, not much weathering), parts of
the animal turned into fossils over time.
After a long time, the chemicals in the buried animals' bodies underwent a series of
changes. As the bone slowly decayed, water infused with minerals seeped into the
bone and replaced the chemicals in the bone with rock-like minerals. The process of
fossilization involves the dissolving and replacement of the original minerals in the
object with other minerals, the filling up of spaces in fossils with minerals, and/or
recrystallization in which a mineral crystal changes its form).
This process results in a heavy, rock-like copy of the original object - a fossil. The
fossil has the same shape as the original object, but is chemically more like a rock!
35. How do fossils show evidence for evolution?
The fossil record provides snapshots of the past that, when assembled, illustrate a panorama of evolutionary change
over the past four billion years. The picture may be smudged in places and may have bits missing, but fossil evidence
clearly shows that life is old and has changed over time.
36. How are radioactive isotopes used as evidence of evolution?
37. What two types of molecules can be used to provide evidence of evolutionary
similarities?
DNA and RNA
Make sure you study co-evolution, convergent evolution, divergent evolution