Call for Paper
The 5th International Conference on 3D Images
General Information
The 5th International Conferences on 3D Image will be held from Sept. 22 to 24, 2011
in Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
The conference brings together researchers from academy and industry, offering them
invaluable occasions to exchange research achievements and share thoughts related to 3D
images. Welcome the colleagues in the area of 3D images contribute and participate the
conference.
Sponsor
China Society of Image and Graphics (CSIG)
Organizer
Sichuan University
3D Imaging Technology Professional Committee of CSIG
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Tianjin 3D Imaging Technology Museum
Tianjin 3D Display Technology Co., Ltd
Scope (included but not limited)
(1) Display of 3D image
Stereoscopic 3D display (color-separation based 3D display, polarization based 3D
display, shutter based 3D display, helmet mounted display);
Glasses-free 3D display (parallax barrier or lenticular lens based 3D display, integral
imaging 3D display, volumetric 3D display, holography 3D display)
(2) Capture of 3D image
3D modeling; stereoscopic shooting technology; 2D-3D image conversion
(3) Information procession of 3D image
Coding, compression and decoding technologies of 3D image
(4) 3D measurement and standard
Characterization and measurement of 3D display performance; 3D standard
(5) Applications of 3D image
Cultural entertainment, virtual reality, advertising medium, 3D games, aviation and
space industries, manufacturing industry, military industry, simulation training, medical
treatment, criminal investigation, culture education, and etc.
Paper Submission
Submissions of substantial, original and previously unpublished work are invited in all
areas related to the themes of the conference. Paper can be written in either English or
Chinese. The detailed paper format is attached and full manuscript is limited to four pages.
Contribute mailbox: stereoimage@163.com
Paper due: August 10, 2011
Acceptance notification: August 25, 2011
Fee & Accommodation
Registration fee (onsite)
A: RMB 1000（CSIG member） B: RMB 1200（Non CSIG member） C: RMB 600 (student)
Accommodation standard
RMB 168, 198, 298 per room, Hongwa Hotel of Sichuan University (No.29 Wangjiang
Road, Chengdu, China)
Visa to China
In case of need, the authorized visa notification form can be used to apply for an entry
visa to China. Upon request, special letters of invitation can be provided by the secretariat.
Contact Information
Website: http://eie.scu.edu.cn/
http://www.csig-3d.com/
（1）Sichuan University
Qiong-Hua Wang Email: stereoimage@163.com
Quan-Min Zhong Tel: 86-18200570817
Li-Wei Liu Tel: 86-13402858512
Add: School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University,
Chengdu 610065, China
（2）3D Imaging Technology Professional Committee of CSIG
Zhonghua Jiang Tel: 86-22-60351805 Email: tjsigjzh@yahoo.com.cn
Ruonan Li Tel: 86-22-66211162 Fax: 86-22-25323132 Email: liruonan@tj3d.com
Add: Tianjin 3D Display Technology Co. Ltd., No. 7, 5th Avenue, Development Zone,
Tianjin 300457, China.
Organization Committee
June 1, 2011
Attachment 1
Return receipt
Name
Number of
people
Affiliation
Detailed
address
Telephone
Hotel room
Postcode
Fax
□RMB 198 /room
E-mail
□RMB 168/room □RMB 298 / room
Please send the receipt to stereoimage@163.com before September 1, 2011.
Attachment 2
Paper format
Preference for oral or poster presentation
Crosstalk reduction in multi-view autostereoscopic three-dimensional
display based on lenticular sheet
San Zhang1, Si Li2
(1 Affiliation, City, Postcode, Country)
(2 Affiliation, City, Postcode, Country)
Abstract: A method is proposed to reduce the crosstalk in multi-view autostereoscopic three dimensional
displays based on lenticular sheet by correcting the luminance values of each parallax image displayed
on the display screen. We analyze the causes of the crosstalk, and deduce the formulas of crosstalk
reduction according to the relationship between the crosstalk coefficients of each parallax image
observed through the lenticular sheet, the luminance values of each parallax image displayed on the
display screen, and the luminance values of each parallax image observed through the lenticular sheet at
each viewing position. The experiment results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Keywords: autostereoscopic display; lenticular sheet; crosstalk
1. Introduction
There are various techniques to realize multi-view
autostereoscopic three dimensional (3D) displays.
Particularly, lenticular display is one of the most
promising techniques and has been widely used in
practice. In a lenticular display system, the
display screen which is liquid crystal display, or
plasma display plate and etc. is located at the
focal plane of the lenticular sheet. The lenticular
sheet refracts the light from the display screen,
different parallax images through the sheet can be
seen at the different viewing positions [1-5]. Since
the parallax images observed from the left and
right eyes are different, the system can generate
stereoscopic information or a stereoscopic image
display.
To avoid the moiré fringe and balance the
resolution degradation of parallax image in both
horizontal and vertical directions, the lenticular
sheet always be placed with a certain angle of
inclination. However, the subpixels’ shape on the
display screen is rectangular or diamond and so
on, the lens elements can not cover the subpixels’
boundaries exactly [6-8]. This causes parts of
subpixels that belong to other views to be cast
towards the current view, and leads to
considerable crosstalk. The crosstalk influences
the image quality, hinders proper 3D perception
and lowers the visual comfort of observers [9-10].
In this paper, a method is proposed to reduce the
crosstalk by correcting the luminance values of
each parallax image displayed on the display
screen, and it does not change the parameters of
the lenticular lens and the structure of the display
screen.
2. Theories and methods
For an n-view autostereoscopic 3D display based
on the lenticular sheet, the distribution mode of
n different parallax images’ subpixels is shown in
Fig.1. The rectangles represent subpixels, the
numbers from 1 to n in each subpixel represent
view numbers corresponding to each parallax
image, and θ is the angle of slanted lenticular
sheet. As shown in Fig.1, the parallax image
observed at the 3rd viewing position consists of
subpixels (between dotted lines) from the 3rd
parallax image and some subpixels from the 2nd
and 4th parallax images. Therefore, the observed
parallax images include crosstalk between the
neighboring parallax images.
cr 
θ
lenticular lens
Bbi  Bi
Fig. 1 The distribution mode of each parallax image’s
subpixles on the display screen lenticular lens
Due to the regular distribution between
slanted lenticular sheet and subpixels on the
display screen, each parallax image observed
though the lenticular sheet at its view position
only receives light that come from the
corresponding parallax image and its neighboring
parallax images, respectively. We assume that the
proportion of received light come from the
corresponding parallax image, its left neighboring
parallax image, and its right neighboring parallax
image are cm, cl, cr, respectively. And they are
satisfied the following relationship.
cm  cl  cr  1
（1）
where these proportions are defined as crosstalk
coefficients.
At each viewing position, Bm, Bl and Br are
as
normalized
luminance
of
the
corresponding parallax image, its left neighboring
parallax image, and its right neighboring parallax
image, respectively. Then, cm, cl and cr can be
calculated from following formulas.
cm 
Bm
Bm  Bl  Br
（4）
For an n-view autostereoscopic 3D display
based on the lenticular sheet, we assume the
luminance values of the ith parallax image
prepared to display on the display screen is Bi, the
luminance values of the ith parallax image
displayed on the display screen is Bbi, the
luminance values of the ith parallax image
observed through the lenticular sheet at the ith
viewing position is Bbi′, where i is the number
from 1 to n. Based on the above analysis, if
display screen
assumed
Br
Bm  Bl  Br
（2）
(5)
each parallax image observed at its corresponding
viewing position has crosstalk due to the slanted
lenticular sheet. Therefore, there is deviation
which is assumed as δbi between Bbi′ and Bi, then
 bi  Bbi  Bi
(6)
To reduce crosstalk, the luminance values of
the ith parallax image displayed on the display
screen is corrected to Bai, where i is the number
from 1 to n, and satisfied the following
relationship.
 cm

 cl
0


c
 r
cr
cm
cl
0
cr
cm
0
0
0
cl
0
0
0
0
cl
cm








 Ba1   B1 

  
 Ba 2   B2 
 Ba 3    B3 

  

  
B  B 
 an   n 
………. (7)
Then, when viewers observe the ith parallax
image displayed on the display screen through the
lenticular sheet at the ith viewing poison, the
observed image’s luminance values is changed to
Bai′. δai is assumed as deviation between Bai′ and
Bi, this is
 ai  Bai  Bi
(8)
If we can obtain
cl 
Bl
Bm  Bl  Br
（3）
 ai  0
(9)
3. Experiments and discussions
To verify the effectiveness of the theories
and methods mentioned above, we perform an
experiment with a multi-view autostereoscopic
3D display based on lenticular sheet. Table 1
shows the parameters of the multi-view
autostereoscopic 3D display based on lenticular
sheet in the experiment. For simplicity, in the
following discussions, we assume that the light
transmittance of lenticular sheet is one hundred
percent, i.e., the light loss caused by the lenticular
sheet’s reflection and absorption is omitted.
Table 1 Parameters of the autostereoscopic 3D display
in the experiment
Parameters
Size of display
screen
Specifications
22 inch
position corresponds to the display’s center when
x is equal to 0, and the vertical coordinate
indicates the nine parallax images’ normalized
luminance. In Fig.2, when the 5th parallax
image’s normalized luminance is maximum 1, the
normalized luminance of the 4th and the 6th
parallax image is about 0.18 and 0.24 along the
direction of dotted line from top to bottom,
respectively. That is, Bm, Bl and Br are 1, 0.18 and
0.24, respectively. Therefore, cm, cl, and cr can be
calculated from Formulas (2), (3) and (4), and
100％
Normalized luminance
That means the crosstalk is reduced.
View 1
View 2
View 3
View 4
View 5
View 6
View 7
View 8
View 9
80％
60％
40％
20％
0％
n
9
Resolution (2D)
1680×1050
Resolution (3D)
560×350
Width of subpixel
0.0940mm
Fig. 2 Nine-view images’ normalized luminance along
θ
18.44°
the horizontal direction at the optimal viewing distance
Optimal viewing
distance
-300
-200
-100
100
0
200
300
x (mm)
of the 22-inch autostereoscopic 3D display based on
2000mm
lenticular sheet
In the experiment, we get nine black-white
test images by lighting on each parallax image in
turn on the display screen. In a black-white test
image, only the subpixels corresponding to a
certain parallax image are turned on maximal
luminance, and all the other subpixels are turned
off. Then, we measure each parallax image’s
luminance respectively along the horizontal
direction x at the optimal viewing distance. Fig.2
shows nine-view images’ normalized luminance
along the horizontal direction at the optimal
viewing distance of the 22-inch autostereoscopic
3D display based on lenticular sheet. The viewing
they are 0.70, 0.13, and 0.17, respectively.
Nine different images which have different
luminance values are displayed on the display
screen. We make the luminance values of each
parallax image displayed on the display screen
equal to the luminance values of each parallax
image prepared, namely, satisfied Formula (5).
Then, the corrected luminance values of each
parallax image displayed on the display screen
can be calculated by Formula (7).
i
Bi
Bbi
Bbi′
δbi
Bai
Bai′
δai
1
125.0
125.0
123.4
1.6
129.0
125.0
0
2
120.0
120.0
121.2
1.2
117.0
120.2
0.2
3
123.0
123.0
121.6
1.4
127.0
123.1
0.1
4
117.0
117.0
119.3
2.3
112.0
116.8
0.2
5
126.0
126.0
124.5
1.5
129.0
126.1
0.1
6
124.0
124.0
123.2
0.8
125.0
123.7
0.3
7
118.0
118.0
120.3
2.3
114.0
118.6
0.6
8
127.0
127.0
124.4
2.6
133.0
127.3
0.3
9
119.0
119.0
121.0
2.0
114.0
119.0
0
Table 2 The luminance values in the experiment
The luminance values of each parallax
image observed through the lenticular sheet
are measured at each viewing position.
The luminance values in the experiment
are shown in Table 2. We can see that δbi is
between 0.8 and 2.6, and δai is close to zero. It
is obvious that δai is much smaller than δbi,
which verifies Formula (9) is correct.
(cd/m2)
characterization methods for autostereoscopic
3-D displays [J]. Journal of Society for
Information Display, 2008, Vol. 16(8): 825-833.
[4] Tahashi K. 3D displays and applications [J].
Displays, 2002, Vol. 23: 48-56.
[5] Salmimaa M and Jarvenpaa T. Characterizing
autostereoscopic 3-D displays [J]. Information
Display, 2009, Vol. 25: 8-11.
[6] Lee Y G and Ra J B. Image distortion correction
4. Conclusions
A method is proposed to reduce the
crosstalk by correcting the luminance values
of each parallax image displayed on the
display screen. We analyze the causes of
crosstalk, and deduce the formulas of crosstalk
reduction. The experiment results verify the
effectiveness of the proposed method.
Moreover, the proposed method is simple,
effective, and low cost, because it does not
change the parameters of the lenticular lens
and the structure of the display screen. This
method has a signification to improve the
performances
of
the
multi-view
autostereoscopic 3D displays based on
lenticular sheet.
for lenticula misalignment in three-dimensional
lenticular displays [J]. Optical Engineering, 2006,
Vol. 45(1): 017007-1-017007-9.
[7] Boev A and Gotchev A. Crosstalk measurement
methodology for autostereoscopic screens [C].
Proceedings of 3DTV Conference, 2007, 1-4.
[8] Seuntiëns P J H, Meesters L M J, and Ijsselsteijn
W A. Perceptual attributes of crosstalk in 3D
images [J]. Displays, 2005, Vol. 26: 177-183.
[9] Fukushima R and Taira K. Effect of light ray
overlap between neighboring parallax images in
autostereoscopic 3D displays [C]. Proceedings of
SPIE, 2009, Vol.7237: 72370w-1-72370w-12.
[10] Wu C L, Huang K C, Liao C C, et al.
Autostereoscopic
display
optical
properties
evaluation [C]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2010,
Acknowledgements
Vol.7254: 75241L-1-75241L-7.
This work was supported by the National
Natural Science Foundation of China under
Grant 60877004.
References
[1] Tao Y H, Wang Q H, Gu J, et al. An
autostereoscopic
three-dimensional
projector
based on two parallax barriers [J]. Optics Letters,
2009, Vol. 34(20): 3220-3222.
[2] Dodgson N A. Autostereoscopic 3D displays [J].
IEEE, computer, 2005, Vol. 38(8): 31-36.
[3]
Jarvenpaa
T
and
Salmimaa
M.
Optical