Revised 8/04, 6/06
ALS ---------------amyotrophic laterial sclerosis a --------------------apical
A ------------------- assisted
AAROM ---------Active Range of Motion
A2 ------------------ Second Aortic Sound aa ------------------- of each, equal parts
A.A. --------------- Alcoholics Annonymous
AAA --------------- abdominal aortic aneurysm
AB ----------------- abortion
ALT --------------- alanine aminotransferase
A.M. -------------- morning
AMA -------------- against medical advice amb ---------------- ambulatory
AMI --------------- acute myocardial infarction
AML -------------- Acute Myelocytic Leukemia amp ---------------- ampule amt ---------------- amount abd ----------------- abdomen
ABD --------------- abduction
ABG --------------- arterial blood gases
Abn ---------------- abnormal
ABN---------------advanced beneficiary notice a.c. ----------------- before meals (ante cibum)
AC ----------------- acromioclavicular (Joint)
ACBG ------------- aortocoronary bypass graft(ing)
ACLS-------------- Advanced Cardiac Life Support acid phos ---------- acid phosphatase
ACTH ------------- adrenocorticotropic hormone
A.D. --------------- right ear (auris dextra) ad ------------------ to, up to ad. lib -------------- as desired
ADA --------------- American Diabetes Association adap equip -------- adaptive equipment
ADC --------------- Aid to Dependent Children
ADD --------------- adduction
ADH --------------- antidiuretic hormone
ADL --------------- activities of daily living
Adm --------------- admission
AE ----------------- above-the-elbow (amputation)
AEB----------------as evidenced by
Afeb----------------afebrile
AFB --------------- acid fast bacillus
AF ----------------- atrial fibrillation
Afib----------------atrial fibrillation
AFO --------------- Ankle-foot Orthosis
A/G ratio ---------- albumin/globulin ratio
AGA --------------- approprite for gestational age
AgN03 ------------ silver nitrate
AHA --------------- American Hospital Association
AHN --------------- assistant head nurse
AICD--------automatic inplanted cardioverter defibrillator
AIDS -------------- acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AJ ------------------ ankle jerk
AKA --------------- above-the-knee (amputation)
A-line-------------- arterial line alb------------------ albumin alk. phos ---------- alkaline phosphatase
ALL --------------- Acute Lymphocytic Leuke
ANA -------------- antinuclear antibody
Anes --------------- Anesthesia/Anesthesiologist ant ----------------- anterior ante ---------------- before
A&O -------------- alert and oriented
AODM ------------ adult onset diabetes mellitus
AORN ------------ Association of Operating Room
Nurses
AP ----------------- ankle pump exercise
A.P. --------------- abdominal perineal
A-P ---------------- anterior-posterior
A&P --------------- auscultation & percussion
APPL ------------- application app ---------------- apparently approx ------------ approximately
A.P.R. ------------- abdominal perineal resection aq ------------------ water (aqua)
ARDS--------------adult respiratory distress syndrome
ARF --------------- acut renal failure
AROM ------------ artificial rupture of membranes
A.S.---------------- left ear (auris sinistra)
ASA --------------- acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
ASAP ------------- as soon as possible
ASCVD ----------- arteriosclerotic cardio-
vascular disease
ASHD ------------- arteriosclerotic heart disease
ASD --------------- atrial septal defect
ASMI ------------- anterosepto myocardial infarction
ASO --------------- anti-streptolysin-0
ASIS --------------Anterior/Superior Iliac Spine assoc -------------- associates asst ---------------- assistance
AST --------------- asparatate amino-transferase
AT ----------------- Anesthesia Tech
ATA --------------- atmospheres absolute
A.T.N.R. --------- asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
A.U. --------------- both ears (aures unitas)
AV ----------------- atrioventricular
Avg. ---------------average
AVR--------------- aortic valve replacement
A&W ------------- alive and well ax ------------------ axillary
-1-
Section 2-17

Ba.E. -------------- barium enema baso ---------------- basophil
BBB --------------- bundle branch block
BC ----------------- Blue Cross
BE ----------------- below-the-elbow (amputation)
BEE --------------- basal energy expenditure
BGM -------------- blood glucose moitoring b.i.d. --------------- two times a day bilat ---------------- bilateral bili ----------------- bilirubin
BJP ---------------- Bence Jones protein
BK ----------------- breakfast
BKA --------------- below-the-knee (amputation)
Bld-----------------blood bl. cult ------------- blood culture
-bld ---------------- blend or blenderized
BLE --------------- both lower extremities
BM ---------------- bowel movement
BMR -------------- basal metabolic rate
BMP --------------basic metabolic profile
BOS --------------- base of support
B.O.W. ------------ bag of waters
BP ----------------- blood pressure
BPH --------------- benign prostatic hypertrophy br ------------------- brown
BR ----------------- bedrest
BR c BRP -------- bedrest with bathroom
privileges
BRP --------------- bathroom previleges bs ------------------- bowel sounds
BS------------------ blood sugar
B/S ----------------- breath sounds
BSAS -------------- bedside activity sheet
BSC --------------- bedside commode
BSE ---------------- breast self exam
B.S.H.D. ---------- beauty shop, hair do
BSO --------------- bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy
BSP ---------------- Bromulphalein
(liver function study)
BTL --------------- bilateral tubal ligation
BUE --------------- both upper extremities
BUN --------------- blood urea nitrogen
B.U.S. ------------- Bartholin urethral and
Skene's glands
Bx ------------------ biopsy c -------------------- with
C ------------------- Centigrade
C-1 to C-7 -------- cervical vertebrae
Ca++ -------------- calcium
Ca ------------------ cancer
CA-----------------clerical associate
C&A --------------- Clinitest and Acetest
CABG ------------- coronary artery bypass graft(ing)
C-Collar ----------cervical collar
CAD --------------- coronary artery disease
-2-
Revised 8/04, 6/06 cap ----------------- capsule
Cap Refill --------capillary refill
CAT --------------- computerized axial tomography cat ----------------- catelog cath ---------------- catheter
CBC --------------- complete blood count
CBG --------------- capillary blood gases
CBI ---------------- continuous bladder irrigation
CBR --------------- complete bed rest
CCMS ------------ clean catch midstream
CCT --------------- Critical Care Tech
CCU --------------- coronary care unit
CD ----------------- common duct
CEA --------------- carcino embryonic antigen
C3H6 -------------- cyclopropane
CF ----------------- Cystic Fibrosis
CG ----------------- contact guard
CGA--------------- clinical gestational age
CH50 -------------- total complement
CHD -------------- congenital heart disease
CHI ---------------Closed Head Injury chemo ------------- chemotherapy
Chem l2----------- Chemistry Profile
Chem 20 ---------- Chemistry Profile
CHF --------------- congestive heart failure chg ----------------- change
CHO -------------- carbohydrate
Chol --------------- cholesterol
Chr ---------------- chronic cir ------------------ circulator
CI ------------------ cardiac index circ ---------------- circumcision
CK ----------------- creatinine phosphokinase ck- ----------------- check
Cl ------------------ chloride cl ------------------- clear
CLL --------------- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia clp ----------------- clamped
Cl Red ------------ closed reduction cm ----------------- centimeter
CM----------------Case Manager
CMA -------------- cardiac monitored ambulation
CME -------------- cardiac monitored exercise
CML -------------- Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
CMV -------------- controlled mandatory ventilation
CAN---------------certified nurse assistant
CNS --------------- central nervous system
CO ----------------- carbon monoxide
C.O. --------------- cardiac output c/o ----------------- complained of
CO2 --------------- carbon dioxide coag --------------- coagulation
C.O.D. ------------ clamp off, dry
COG -------------- center of gravity
C.O.L.D.---------- chronic obstructive lung disease
Section 2-17

Comm ------------- comminuted comp -------------- compound cond --------------- condition cont ---------------- continuous contr --------------- contraction conv --------------- convalescent coordtn ------------ coordination
COPD ------------- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COR --------------- heart
Corr ---------------Correct
C.O.T.E. ---------- Comprehensive Occupational
SCALE ------------ Therapy Evaluation Scale
-cp -----------------chest pain
CP------------------ cerebral palsy
C.P. ---------------- collaborative problem
CPAP -------------- continuous positive airway
pressure
C.P.D. ------------- cephalopelvic disproportion
CPFT----------Certified Pulmonary Function Technologist
CPJJ --------------- carpuject
CPM --------------- continuous passive motion
CPR --------------- cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CPT----------------chest physiotherapy
CR------------------cardiac rehabilitation
CRICO ------------Cricothyroidomy
CRT-------------- Certified Respiratory Therapist
CRF----------------Chronic renal failure
CS ------------------ cesarean section
C.S. ---------------- Contract Services
C&S --------------- culture and sensivity
CSF ---------------- cerebrospinal fluid
CST ---------------- Certified Surgical Technologist
CT ----------------- computerized tomography
C&T --------------- cervical and thoracic (spine)
C.T. ---------------- chest tubes
Cult----------------Culture
CV ----------------- cardiovascular
CVA --------------- cerebrovascular accident
CVC --------------- consonant vowel consonant
CVCC-------------Cardiovascular Care Center
CVD --------------- cardiovascular disease
CVP --------------- central venous pressure
CVS --------------- cardiovascular system
CW ---------------- crutch walking
Cx ------------------ cervix cx ------------------ circumflex (Coronary Artery)
CXR --------------- Chest X-Ray cyclo --------------- cycloprophane cysto --------------- cystoscopy
Cyt-----------------Cytology d -------------------- day
D ------------------- diastolic
D ------------------- dependent
D-1 to D-12 ------ Dorsal vertebra 1-12
D.A.T. ------------- diet as tolerated
-3-
Revised 8/04, 6/06
DB ----------------- drainage bag
DBP --------------- diastolic blood pressure
DC ----------------- discontinue
D/C-----------------discharge
D&C -------------- dilatation & curretage deca --------------- ten deci ---------------- a tenth deg----------------- degeneration
DF ----------------- dorsi-flexion defib----------------defibrillator
DH----------------- Deaconess Hospital
DHC---------------Deaconess Home Care
DHL---------------Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma dia ----------------- diameter
Diab --------------- diabetic diag ---------------- diagnosis
Diag -------------- Diagonal (coronary artery) dias ---------------- diastolic diff ----------------- differential dil ------------------ dilute
DIP ---------------- distal interphalangeal disch -------------- discharge disp ---------------- dispense dist----------------- distend, distention dk ------------------ dark
DJD ---------------Degenerative Joint Disease
DKA -------------- Diabetic Ketoacidosis
D5/LR ------------ 5% dextrose in water with
lactated ringers
D5/NS ------------ 5% dextrose in water with
normal saline
D5/0.2%NaC1--- 5% dextrose in water with
0.2 sodium chloride
D5/0.45%NaC1---5% dextrose in water with
0.45 sodium chloride
DME---------------durable medical equipment
DNA -------------- deoxyribonucleic acid
DNR---------------Do not resuscitate
DOA -------------- dead on arrival
DOB -------------- date of birth
DOE --------------- dyspnea on exertion
DOPA ------------- dihydroxyphenylalanine
D.P.----------------Discharge Planning
DPL ---------------Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage d.p.p. -------------- dorsalis pedis pulse
DPNS--------deep pharyngeal neuromuscular stimulation
DPT --------------- Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus
Dr ------------------ doctor dr ------------------ dram
DR ----------------- delivery room
DRG -------------- diagnosis related group drng --------------- drainage drsg ---------------- dressing
D/S ---------------- Destrose in Saline
DSA --------------- digital subtraction angiogram
Section 2-17

DSD --------------- dry sterile dressing dt ------------------- due to
DT ----------------- delerium tremens
D/T ---------------- date/time
DTR --------------- deep tendon reflex
DTV --------------- due to void
DUB --------------- dysfunctional uterine bleeding
DVI ---------------- digital vascular imaging
DVT --------------- deep vein thrombosis
D.W. --------------- distilled water
D/W --------------- dextrose in water
D5W --------------- 5% dextrose in water
D10W ------------- 10% dextrose in water
D20W ------------- 20% dextrose in water
DWDL------------Diffuse Well Differentiated
Lymphocytic Lymphoma
Dx ------------------ diagnosis
E ------------------- Escherichia e -------------------- enema ea ------------------- each
EBL --------------- estimated blood loss
ECCE ------------- extra capsular cataract
extraction
ECG, EKG ------- electrocardiogram echo --------------- echocardiogram
ECT --------------- electroconvulsive therapy
ED -----------------Emergency Department
EDTU--------------Emergency Department Treatment Unit
EDC --------------- estimated date of confinement
EEG --------------- electroencephalogram
EENT ------------- eye, ear, nose, throat
EF ------------------ ejection fraction
EFFS -------------- External Fixation Foot Support
EFM --------------- external fetal monitor
EGD --------------- esophagogastroduodenoscopy elix ----------------- elixir
EMG -------------- electromyogram enc ----------------- encourage
Enf ----------------- Enfamile
Enf c Fe ----------- Enfamile with iron
ENT --------------- ear, nose, throat
EOB ---------------edge of bed
EOM -------------- extraocular movements
EOS --------------- eosinophil
EP------------------Electrophysiology
Epis ---------------- episiotomy
ER ----------------- Emergency Room
ERCP -------------- Endoscopic Retrograde
cholangiopancreatogram
ESR ---------------- erythrocyte sedimentation rate
E-Stim ------------- electrical stimulation
ESRD ------------- end stage renal disease
EST ---------------- electroshock therapy
ESWL ------------- Extracoporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy
E.T. ---------------- Enterostomal Therapist
-4-
Revised 8/04, 6/06 et ------------------- and
ETT --------------- endotracheal tube et al ---------------- and other
ETCO2 -----------End Tidal CO2
ETOH ------------- ethyl alcohol eval ---------------- evaluation ex ------------------ extract exer ---------------- exercise exp----------------- expired exp lap ------------ exploratory laparotomy ext ----------------- external ext. rot ------------ external rotation
F ------------------- Fahrenheit f -------------------- female
FA ----------------- fluorescent antibody
FAT ---------------Functional Activity Assessment
FB ----------------- foreign body
FBS --------------- fasting blood sugar
F/C ---------------- foley catheter
FCE --------------- functional capacity evaluation fdg ----------------- feeding(s)
FE ----------------- iron
FECG ------------- fetal electrocardiogram fem ---------------- femerol
FeS04 ------------- Ferrous Sulfate
FF ------------------ force fluids
FF@U------------- fundus firm at (two or three
or four) finger breadths below
the umbilicus
FH ----------------- family history
FHP --------------- Functional Health Pattern
FHR --------------- fetal heart rate
FHT --------------- fetal heart tone fld ------------------ fluid flex ---------------- flexion
FM----------------- fetal movement
FMC -------------- fine motor control fn ------------------ functioning
FNAB ------------- fine needle aspiration biopsy fob ----------------- foot of bed
FOB --------------- father of baby font ---------------- fontanel
Fr ------------------ French freq ---------------- frequent
FROM ------------ full range of motion frt ------------------ fruit(s) fs ------------------- flowsheet
FS ------------------ frozen section
FSE ---------------- fetal scalp electrode
FSH --------------- follicle stimulating hormone
FTA --------------- fluorescent treponemal antibody
FTA-ABS -------- fluorescent treponemal antibody
absorption test
FTI ---------------- free thyroxine index
FTSG ------------- full thickenss skin graft
Section 2-17

FTT ---------------failure to thrive
5FU ---------------- fluorouracil
FUO --------------- fever of undetermined origin
FWB --------------- full weight bearing
Fx ------------------ fracture g -------------------- gram
G ------------------- gauge
GA ----------------- General Anesthesia gastroc ------------ gastrocnemius gav ----------------- gavage
GB ----------------- gallbladder
GC ----------------- gonorrhea (gonococcus)
GCS --------------Glasgow Coma Score genit --------------- genitalia
GGT --------------- Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase
GH ----------------- growth hormone
GHJ ---------------Glenohumeral Joint
GI ------------------ gastrointestinal
Gluc --------------- glucose meter gm ----------------- gram
GMC -------------- gross motor control
GNS----------------Graduate Nurse Specialist
G6PD -------------- glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase gr ------------------- grain grav ---------------- gravity
Grav --------------- gravida
Grd, grd ----------- ground
G/S----------------- glucose in saline
GS ----------------- glut set exercise
GSW -------------- gunshot wound gt ------------------- gait
GT ----------------- gastrostomy gth ----------------- girth gtt ------------------ drop(s)
GTT --------------- glucose tolerance test
GU ----------------- genitourinary
G/W --------------- glucose in water
Gyn ---------------- gynecology h -------------------- hour
HA ----------------- headache
HAF --------------- hyperalimentation fluid
Hamst ------------- hamstring exercise
H20 ---------------- water
H202 -------------- Hydrogen Peroxide
HBsAg ------------ hepatitis associated antigen
(hp, BAG, Au)
HBO --------------- hyperbaric oxygen (therapy)
HBP --------------- high blood pressure
HC ----------------- head circumference
HCG --------------- human chorionic gonadotropin
HC1 --------------- hydrochloride
Hct ----------------- hematocrit
HCVD ------------- hypertensive cardiovascular disease
HD-----------------Hodgkin's Disease
-5-
Revised 8/04, 6/06
HDL --------------- high density lipoprotein
Cholesterol--------cholesterol
HEENT ----------- head, eyes, ears, nose, throat
HEME ------------blood
Hemi --------------hemiparesis
HEP --------------- home exercise program
Hg ----------------- mercury
Hgb ---------------- hemoglobin
HHA -------------- hand held assist
HHC -------------- Home Health Care
HHN---------------Hand Held nebulizer
HHNK ------------ Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic
Nonketotic Coma
HI ------------------head injury
HIV --------------- human immunodeficiency virus
HIVD ------------- herniated intervertebral disc
H.L. --------------- heparin lock
HN2 --------------- nitrogen mustard
H.O. --------------- handout
HOB -------------- head of bed
HOH -------------- hard of hearing
Hol ---------------- Hollister
HP ----------------- Hydrocollator packs
H&P --------------- history & physical
HPI ---------------- history of present illness hpk ---------------- hot pack
HR ----------------- Heart Rate hr ------------------ hour h.s. ----------------- hour of sleep, bedtime
HS ----------------- heel slide exercise ht ------------------- height
HTLV III --------- human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
virus (re: AIDS)
HTN --------------- hypertension
HVD -------------- hypertensive vascular disease
Hx ----------------- history
H-WP ------------- Hubbard Whirlpool hypo --------------- hypodermic injection
Hyst --------------- hysterectomy
Hz -----------------Hertz
I131 --------------- radioactive iodine
IABP -------------- Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump
IBW --------------- ideal body weight
ICA ---------------Internal Carotid Artery
ICCE -------------- intracapsular cataract extration
ICF ---------------- intermediate care facility
ICP ---------------- intracranial pressure
ICR ---------------- Inpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation
ICRP -------------- Inpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
ICS ---------------- intercostal space
ICU ---------------- Intensive Care Unit
ID ------------------ identification
IDC ---------------- Interdisciplinary Conference (Rehab)
I&D --------------- incision and drainage i.e. ----------------- for example
Section 2-17

IF ------------------- intrinsic factor
IgG, IgA, IgM --- Immunoglobin classes, G, A, M,
defined by W.H.O.
IHSS --------------- Idiopathic Hypertrophic
Subaortic Stenosis
IDDM--------------Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
IM------------------ intramuscular
IMV --------------- intermittent mandatory ventilation in ------------------- inch inapprop ---------- inappropriate
INB ---------------- intercostal nerve block
Incont ------------- incontinent incor---------------incorrect ind ----------------- induction
Ind ----------------- independent
Inf ------------------ infection
-inf-----------------inferior infu-----------------infusion
INH ---------------- isoniazid
Init ----------------- initials
Instr----------------instruments
INT ---------------- intermittent
I&O ---------------- intake and output
Int. rot ------------- internal rotation invol --------------- involuntary
IO------------------Intraosseous
IOL ---------------- intraocular lens (implant)
I.O.P. -------------- intraocular pressure
IPPB --------------- intermittent positive pressure breathing
IQ ------------------ intelligence quotient irreg --------------- irregular irrig ---------------- irrigate
ISC----------------- intermittent self catheterization
Isol ----------------- isolation
ITP-----------------Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic purpura
IUD ---------------- intrauterine device
IUFD -------------- intrauterine fetal demise
IUPC -------------- intrauterine pressure catheter
I of S---------------intensity of service
IV ------------------ intravenous
IVP ---------------- intravenous pyelogram
IVPB -------------- intravenous piggyback
IVPF --------------- intravenous partial fill jaun ---------------- jaundiced
JCAHO ----------- Joint Commission on Accreditation
of Healthcare Organizations
J.P. ----------------- Jackson Pratt jt. ------------------joint
JVD ---------------- jugular venous distention
K+ ----------------- potassium
Hypokalemia, Hyperkalemia (See Last Page, Under
Symbols)
KA ----------------- King-Armstrong (units) kcal ---------------- kilocalorie(s), Calorie(s)
KC1 --------------- potassium chloride
-6-
Revised 8/04, 6/06
KELS -------------Kohlman Evaluation of Living Skills
Kg ----------------- kilogram
KJ------------------ knee jerk
17 KS ------------- 17 ketosteriods
KUB -------------- kidney, ureter, bladder
KVO -------------- keep vein open
L ------------------- liter
LA ----------------- left atrium
L&A --------------- light and accommodation
LAD --------------- left anterior descending
(coronary artery)
L&D--------------- labor and delivery
L-1 to L-5 -------- lumbar vertebra 1-5 lab ----------------- laboratory lac ----------------- laceration lap ----------------- laparotomy
LAP --------------- left atrial pressure lat ------------------ lateral
L.A.T. ------------- left anterior thigh lav ----------------- lavage lax ----------------- Laxative lb. ------------------ Pound
LB -----------------lower body
LBBB ------------- left bundle branch block
LBP --------------- low back pain
LBQC ------------- large base quadriceps cane
LBW -------------- low birth weight
LB-WP ----------- loboy whirlpool
LCM -------------- left costal margin
L.D. --------------- left deltoid
LDH --------------- lactic dehydrogenase
LDL --------------- low density lipoprotein
Le ------------------ leather
LE ----------------- lower extremity
LEP --------------- lower extremity prep
LE prep ----------- lupus erythematosus preparation
L.E.S.I. ----------- Lumer Epidural Steroid Injection
LF ----------------- low forceps
LFA --------------- left forearm lg ------------------- large
L.G. --------------- left gluteal
LGA --------------- large for gestational age
LGI ---------------- lower gastrointestinal
L-G-L- ------------ Lown-Ganong-Levine (syndrome)
LIDC --------------Low Intensity Direct Current
LH ----------------- luteinizing hormone liq ------------------ liquid
LKS --------------- liver, kidney, spleen
LLB ---------------long leg brace
LLC ---------------long leg cast
LLE --------------- left lower estremity
LLL --------------- left lower lobe (lung)
LLOQ ------------- lower left outer quadrant
LLQ --------------- lower left quadrant
LLT --------------- left lateral thigh
Section 2-17

LMA--------------- left mentoanterior
LML --------------- left mediolateral (episiotomy)
LMP --------------- last menstrual period
LMT --------------- left mentotransverse
LNMP ------------- last normal menstrual period
LOA --------------- left occiput anterior loa------------------ leave of absence
LOB --------------- loss of balance
LOC --------------- loss of consciousness
LOP --------------- left occiput posterior
LOS---------------- length-of-stay
LOT --------------- left occiput transverse
LP ------------------ lumbar puncture
LPM --------------- liters per minute
LPN --------------- Licensed Practical Nurse
L/S ratio ---------- lecithin sphigomyelin ratio
LS ------------------ lumbosacral
LSA ---------------- left sacroanterior
LSB ---------------- left sternal border
LScA -------------- left scapuloanterior
LScP --------------- left scapuloposterior
LSD---------------- lysergic acid diethylamide
LSNB ------------- lumber symptomatic nerve block
LSP ---------------- left sacroposterior
L--------------------left lt -------------------- left
Lt ------------------- light
L.T. ---------------- leisure therapy
L.T.G. ------------- long term goals
LTM --------------long term memory
LUE --------------- left upper extremity
LUL --------------- left upper lobe (lungs)
LUOQ ------------- left upper outer quadrant
LUQ --------------- left upper quadrant
LV ----------------- left ventricle
LVAD-------------left ventricular assist device
LVF---------------- left ventricular failure
LVH --------------- left ventricular hypertrophy
LVMD-------------left ventricular medical device
LW----------------- Lee White (method)
L&W -------------- living and well
L/W ---------------- living and well
LWB -------------- light weight bearing lymphs ------------ lymphocytes lytes ---------------- electrolytes
M ------------------- meter m ------------------- male
MA ---------------- mental age
MAC -------------- Monitored Anesthesia Care
MAE -------------- moves all extremities
MAEW ------------ moves all extremities well
Manip & Int ------ manipulation and internal
Fix. fixation
MAP --------------- mean arterial pressure
MAR -------------- medication administration record
-7-
Revised 8/04, 6/06
Marg -------------- marginal max ---------------- maximal
MBS---------------Modified barium swallow
MCA --------------Middle Cerebral Artery mcg or mcgm ---- microgram
MCH -------------- mean corposcular hemoglobin
MCHC ------------ mean corpuscular hemoglobin
concentration
MCL -------------- midclavicular line
MCV -------------- mean corpuscular volume
M.D. -------------- doctor of medicine
MD ---------------- muscular dystrophy
MDS---------------Myelodysplastic syndrome mec ---------------- meconium
Med. Rec. -------- medical records mech -------------- mechanical med ---------------- medication
Med --------------- medium
MED -------------- medial medco ------------- medcosonlator mEq --------------- milliequivalent
MET -------------- metabolic equivalents mets --------------- metastases
M-F---------------- Mother – Father
MFR --------------Myofacial Release
MFAR-------------Medication & fluid administration record
MFH---------------Malignant fibrohistiocytoma
Mg++ ------------- magnesium mg. or mgm. ----- milligram
MH ---------------- marital history
MHU -------------- mental health unit
MI ----------------- myocardial infarction
MIC --------------- Medical Intensive Care milli --------------- one-thousandth min ---------------- minimal misc. -------------- miscellaneous mixt --------------- mixture
ML ---------------- midline ml ------------------ milliliter
MM --------------- Marshall-Marchetti
(test/operation) mm ---------------- millimeter mmHg--------------Mercury
MMKBS --------- Marshall Marchetti Kranz
Bladder Suspension
MMT -------------- manual muscle test mo ----------------- month mod---------------- moderate
MOM ------------- milk of magnesia mono -------------- mononucleosis
MP ---------------- metacarpal phalangeal mr ------------------ mental retardation
MR ---------------- may repeat
MRI --------------- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRMT -----------Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test
Section 2-17

Revised 8/04, 6/06
MRSA ------------- Methicillin Resistent
Staphlococcus Aureus
MRSE-------------Methicillin Resistent Staphlococcus Epidermis
MS ----------------- multiple sclerosis
MSE --------------- musculo skeletal extremities msg ---------------- message
MSL --------------- midsternal line
MSTL--------------multiple sleep latency test
M.T. --------------- monitor technician mu ----------------- micron
MUGA ------------ multigated study
MUO--------------metastasis of unknown origin
MVA -------------- motor vehicle accident
MVC --------------motor vehicle collision
MVP --------------- mitral valve prolapse
MVR -------------- mitral valve replacement
MWT--------------maintenance of wakefulness test
N ------------------nasal
Na ------------------ sodium
Hyponatremia, hypernatremia, (See Last Page, Under
Symbols)
NA ----------------- Nursing Assistant
N/A ---------------- not applicable
NaC ---------------- sodium chloride
NaC1 -------------- low salt (200-300 mg NaC1) diet
NAD --------------- no acute distress
NB ----------------- newborn n.b. ----------------- note well (nota bene)
NC ----------------- Nasal Cannula
NCB---------------no code blue
NCNC-------------Normal cytic, normal chromic
NCT --------------- nerve conduction test
NDT --------------Neurodevelopmental Treatment
NED---------------No evidence of disease neg ----------------- negative neph --------------- nephrostomy
NETT ------------- Nasal Endotracheal Tube neuro -------------- neurology
NG ----------------- nasogastric
NGT --------------- nasogastric tube
N.H.---------------Nursing Home
NHL-DH----------NonHodgkin's lymphoma,
diffuse hystiocytic
NKA --------------- no known allergies
NL--------------------Normal limits
NM ---------------- neuromuscular no ------------------ number
N02 ---------------- nitrous oxide noc ----------------- night
NOS --------------- not otherwise specified
NP ----------------- no problem
NPDL-------------Nodular poorly diffuse lymphoma
NPN --------------- non-protein nitrogen
NPO --------------- nothing by mouth
NRB --------------Non Re-Breather
NROM ------------ normal range of motion
NSAID -----------Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
NS ----------------- neurological vital signs
N.S. --------------- normal saline
NSCLC------------Non small cell lung cancer
NSO --------------- Nursing Service Office
Nsg ---------------- nursing
Nsg Dx------------ nursing diagnosis
NSR --------------- normal sinus rhythm
NSS --------------- Nutritional Support Service
NST --------------- non-stress test
NTG --------------- nitroglycerin nutr ---------------- nutrition
NTT --------------Naso Tracheal Tube
NV----------------- neurovascular
N&V -------------- nausea and vomiting
NWB -------------- nonweight bearing
NYD -------------- not yet diagnosed
O ------------------- Oral
o ------------------- none or no
OA ----------------Osteo-arthritis
02 ------------------ oxygen
OB ----------------- obstetrics
OBRR ------------- Obstetric Recovery Room
OBS----------------Organic brain syndrome obst ---------------- obstruction
O.C. --------------- open crib occas -------------- occasional
OCG -------------- oral cholecystogram
OCT --------------- oxytocin challenge test o.d. ---------------- right eye (oculus dexter)
OD----------------- overdose
OETT ------------- Oral Endotracheal Tube
OG ----------------Orogastric
O.H. --------------- open heart
OHCRP ----------- Open Heart Cardiac Rehabilitation
Program
Ohio NICU------- Ohio Neonatal Intensvie Care Unit o.j. ----------------- orange juice
OM ---------------- otitis media
OOB -------------- out of bed oop ---------------- out on pass
OOSC ------------- out of special care
OOT --------------- out of tent
O.O.T. ------------ out of town
Op ----------------- operation
OP ----------------- opening pressure
OPC --------------- outpatient clinic ophth -------------- ophthalmic opp ---------------- opposition
OPT --------------- outpatient
OR ----------------- Operating Room
ORIF -------------- open reduction, intenal fixation ortho -------------- orthopedics
OS ----------------- left eye (oculus sinister)
-8- Section 2-17

Revised 8/04, 6/06
OSA----------------obstructive sleep apnea
OT ----------------- occupational therapy
O.T.----------------One Touch (glucose test)
OTC ---------------Over the Counter
OU ----------------- each eye (oculus uterque) oz ------------------ ounce
P -------------------- pulse p -------------------- after
PA ----------------- pulmonary artery
P.A. ---------------- pernicious anemia
P-A ---------------- posterior-anterior
P&A --------------- percussion and auscultation
PA & Lat --------- postero-anterior and lateral
PAC --------------- premature auricular contractions
PACU ------------- Post Anesthesia Care Unit
PAD --------------- pulmonary artery diastolic (pressure)
PALS--------------Pediatric advanced life support
PAM --------------- pulmonary artery mean (pressure)
Pa01 --------------- arterial P02
Pa02 --------------- alveolar P02
PAP ---------------- Papanicolaou (stain, smear, test)
Para ---------------- number of pregnancies
PAS ---------------- pulmonary artery systolic (pressure)
PAT --------------- paroxysmal atrial tachycardia path ---------------- pathology
PAW -------------- pulmonary artery wedge
PAWP ------------- pulmonary artery wedge pressure
P-bars ------------- parallel bars
PBI ---------------- protein bound iodine p.c. ----------------- after meals (post cibum)
PC------------------ physical cues
PCA --------------- patient controlled analgesia
P.C.A.--------------Patient Care Associate
PCB --------------- para cervical block
PCC --------------- Patient Care Coordinator
PCEA--------------Patient Controlled Epidural Analgesia
PCIA---------------Patient Controlled Interscalene Analgesia
PCN --------------- penicillin
PC02 -------------- partial pressure of carbon dioxide
PCP ---------------- Patient Care Plan
PCWP ------------- pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
PDLST ------------ physical daily living skills training
PDR --------------- Physician's Desk Reference
P.E. ---------------- physical examination
Ped ----------------- pediatrician
Peds --------------- pediatrics
PEEP -------------- positive end expiratory pressure
PEG --------------- pneumoencephalogram
P.E.G.--------------percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube pent ---------------- pentothal
PER ---------------- Patient Education Record per ----------------- by, through peri ---------------- perineal
PERL -------------- pupils, equal, react to light
PERLA ------------ pupils equal, react to light and
accommodation
Perm----------------Permanent
PF------------------ plantar flexion pfs ----------------- parenteral fluid sheet
PFT ---------------- pulmonary function test
PG ----------------- pregnant
P(GCS) -----------Paralytics
PH ----------------- past history pH ----------------- hydrogen ion concentration phcy --------------- pharmacy
PHD --------------- prudent heart diet
Phy. Asst.----------Physicians Assistant
PI ------------------ present illnes
PICC -------------- Peripherally inserted central catheter
PID ---------------- pelvic inflammatory disease
PIP ---------------- proximal interphalangeal (joint) pit ------------------ pitocin
PJC ---------------- premature junctional contraction
PKU --------------- phyenylketonuria
PLB ---------------Pursed Lip Breathing
Plt------------------Platelet p.m.---------------- night
PMD -------------- Physical Medicine Department
PMH -------------- past medical history
PMI --------------- point of maximal impulse
PNC --------------- premature nodal contraction
PNC --------------- Pre Natal Clinic
PND --------------- paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
PNF ---------------Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
PNR---------------Perioperative nursing record p.o. ---------------- by mouth (per os)
P.O.D.1 ----------- postoperative day one
P02 ---------------- partial pressure of oxygen polio --------------- poliomyelitis
POPPA ----------- physician's orders prior to
patient's arrival
PORP ------------- partial ortho replacement prosthesis pos ----------------- positive post ---------------- posterior postop ------------- postoperative
POT --------------- Psychiatric Occupational Therapy
P&P --------------- policy and procedure p.p. ---------------- postpartum
PP&D ------------- Percussion, postural drainage
P.P.D. ------------- purified protein derivative
(T.B. Test)
PPN --------------- peripheral parenteral nutrition
PPP ---------------- peripheral pulses present
PPP+P ------------ pedal pulse present and palpable
PPP+D ------------ pedal pulse present and dopplerable
PR ----------------- per rectum
PRBC ------------- packed red blood cells
PRE --------------- progressive resistive exercise pre-med ----------- premedication pre-op ------------- before surgery
-9- Section 2-17

prep ---------------- preparation, prepared prev ---------------- previous primip ------------- woman bearing first child p.r.n. --------------- when necessary pro ----------------- protein probs -------------- problems proc ---------------- procedure
Procto ------------- proctology prod ---------------- productive
PROM ------------- premature rupture of membranes pron ---------------- pronation prud ---------------- prudent
PT ------------------ prothrombin time
P/S ----------------- 2::Polyunsaturated to saturaeted fats
PSG----------------polysomnogram psi(g) -------------- pounds per square inch (gauge)
PSP ---------------- phenolsulfonphthalein
Pt ------------------- patient
P.T. ---------------- physical therapy
PTA --------------- Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
P.T.A. ------------- prior to admission
PTB ---------------- patellar tendon bearing prosthesis
PTCA ------------- percutaneous transluminal coronary
angioplasty p.t.p. --------------- posterior tibial pulse
PTS ---------------- patellar tendon supracondular
prosthesis
PTT ---------------- partial thromboplastin time
PUFA ------------- Polyunsaturated (fats) fatty acids pulm --------------- pulmonary
Pulse Ox ---------- Pulse Oximeter pulv ---------------- powder pur ----------------- pureed
PV------------------Polycythemia Vera
PVC --------------- premature ventricular contraction
PVFD--------------Paradoxical Vocal Fold Dysfunction
PVR --------------- post void residual
PWB --------------- partial weight bearing
PZI ----------------- protamine zinc insulin q -------------------- every q.i.d. --------------- 4 times a day q.h. ----------------- every hour q.n.s. --------------- quantity not sufficient q.o.h. -------------- every other hour q.s. ----------------- quantity sufficient q.2h. --------------- every 2 hours
QS ----------------- quad set qt ------------------- quart qty------------------quantity quad --------------- quadriceps
R ------------------- rectal r -------------------- right ra ------------------- room air
RA ----------------- right atrium
R.A.---------------- rheumatoid arthritis
-10-
Revised 8/04, 6/06
Rad T ------------- Radiation Therapy
R.A.I. ------------- radioactive iodine
R.A.I.U. ---------- radiactive iodine uptake
RAM --------------Rapid Alternative Motion
R.A.T. ------------ right anterior thigh
RBBB ------------- right bundle branch block
RBC --------------- red blood cell/count
RBP --------------- retinal binding protein
RCA --------------- right coronary artery
RCCLW ---------- routine cardiac catheterization labwork
R.D. --------------- Registered Dietitian
R.D.S. ------------- respiratory distress syndrome rec ----------------- received
REC --------------- recovery ref ------------------ refused reg ----------------- regular rehab -------------- rehabiltation rep ----------------- repetitions res -----------------resident resp ---------------- respirations restr. fld. ---------- restricted or limited fluids
RFA --------------- right forearm
R.G. --------------- right gluteal
Rh ----------------- Rhesus (factorr)
RHC----------------Respriations have ceased
RHD -------------- rheumatic heart disease
RHF --------------- right heart failure
RhoGam ---------- trade name for anti-Rho in
form of lgG
RISA -------------- radioactive iodinated serum
albumin (blood volume)
RLE --------------- right lower extremity
RLL --------------- right lower lobe (lung)
RLOQ ------------- right lower outer quadrant
RLQ --------------- right lower quadrant
R.L.T. ------------- right lateral thigh rm ------------------ room
RMA -------------- right mentoanterior
RML -------------- right mediolateral (episiotomy)
RMP -------------- right mentoposterior
RMS -------------- Rehabilitative Medicine Services
RMT -------------- right mentotranverse
RN ----------------- Registered Nurse
R/O ---------------- rule out
ROA--------------- right occipitoanterior rom ---------------- rupture of membranes
ROM -------------- range of motion
ROP --------------- right occipitoposterior
ROS --------------- review of systems
ROT --------------- right occipitotransverse
RPGN ------------- rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
RPh ---------------- Registered Pharmacist
RPFT---------------Registered Pulmonary Function Technologist
RPSGT-----------Registered Polysomnographic Technologist
RR ----------------- Recovery Room
Section 2-17

RRE ---------------Regressive Resistive Exercise
RRT----------------Registered Respiratory Therapist
RSA --------------- right sacroanterior
RSB --------------- right sternal border
RSD ---------------Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
RSI ----------------Rapid Sequence Intubation
RSP ---------------- right sacroposterior
RSR---------------- regular sinus rhythm rt -------------------right
R/T ---------------- related to
R.T. ---------------- Respiratory Therapy
RTC --------------Return to Clinic
RTS ---------------Revised Trama Score
RTW -------------- return to work
RUE --------------- right upper extremity
RUL --------------- right upper lobe (lung)
RUOQ ------------- right upper outer quadrant
RUQ --------------- right upper quadrant
RV ----------------- right ventricle
R&V---------------repeated and verified
Rx ------------------treatment
RW ----------------rolling walker s -------------------- without
S -------------------- systolic
S of I----------------severity of illness
S-1 to S-5 --------- sacral vertebra 1-5
SA ----------------- sino-atrial
SAQ --------------- short ARC quadriceps exercise
SaO2 --------------Oxygen Saturation sat ------------------ saturated satis ---------------- satisfactory
SB------------------ stillbirth
SBA --------------- standby assist
SBE ---------------- subacute bacterial endocarditis
SBFT -------------- Small Bowel Follow-Through
S. Brady----------- sinus bradycardia
SBP ---------------- systolic blood pressure
SBQC ------------- small base quadriceps cane
S/C ----------------- stroke chair
SCC----------------squamous cell carcinoma
SCI ----------------Spinal Cord Injury
SCLC--------------small cell lung cancer
SCN --------------- Special Care Nursery
SDS ---------------- Same Day Surgery sec ----------------- second sed. rate. ---------- sedimentation rate
SEMI -------------- subendocardial myocardial infarction
Ser------------------serial serosang ----------- serosanguineous
SF ------------------ salt free
SGA --------------- small for gestational age
SGB --------------- Stellate Ganglion Block
S(GCS) -----------Swollen
SGOT ------------- serum glutamic oxalic
transaminase
-11-
Revised 8/04, 6/06
SGPT ------------- serum glutamic pyruvic
transaminase
SIC ---------------- Surgical Intensive Care
SIMV-----synchronized intermittent manditory ventilation sl ------------------- slight
SL ----------------- sublinsual
SLB ---------------Short Leg Brace
SLC ---------------Short Leg Cast
SLE---------------- systemic lupus erythematosis
SLR --------------- straight leg raising sm ----------------- small
SMA-12 (-20) --- chemistry profile
SMR -------------- submucous resection
SN ----------------- Student Nurse
SNF --------------- skilled nursing facility s04 ----------------- sulfate
S/O ---------------- significant other
SOAP ------------- subjective, objective, assessment,
plain
SOB --------------- short of breath
Soc. Hx. ---------- social history
Soc. Serv. -------- Social Service sol ----------------- solution
Sp -----------------spontaneous spec --------------- specimen
S/P ----------------- status post
S.P. ---------------- suprapubic sp. gr. ------------- specific gravity spont.-------------- spontaneous
S-P-S -------------- stand-pivot-sit transfer
SPT ---------------- supracondylar patellar
tendon prosthesis spt ----------------- spirit
SQ ----------------- subcutaneous sr ------------------- siderails
SR ----------------- sinus rhythm
SROM ------------ spontaneous rupture of membranes ss ------------------- one-half
SS ------------------ soap suds s/s ------------------ signs and symptoms
SSE ---------------- soad suds enema
SSKI -------------- saturated solution of potassium iodide
ST ----------------- speech therapy
STD ---------------Sexually Transmitted Disease
STM --------------Short Term Memory
S. Tach------------ sinus tachycardia staph -------------- staphylococcus
Stat ---------------- at once
STG --------------- short term goal str ------------------ straight strep --------------- streptococcus sup ----------------- supination supp --------------- suppository
Surg----------------Surgery
SVCS--------------Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Section 2-17

Sv02 --------------- mixed venous oxygen saturation
SVR --------------- systemic vascular resistance
SVT --------------- supraventricular tachycardia
Sx ------------------ signs, symptoms
SW ----------------Stab Wound
S.W.----------------Social Work
S.Y.H.A.B. ------- Since You've Had a Baby (Book)
Sys-----------------Systolic t -------------------- trace
T ------------------- temperature
T-1 to T-12 ------- thoracic vertebrae 1 - 12
T3RIA ------------- triiodothyronine
T3U ---------------- triiodothyronine resin uptake
T4 ----------------- thyroxine
T7 ------------------ free thyroid index
T&A --------------- tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy tab------------------ tablet
TAH & BSO ----- total abdominal hysterectomy
& bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
TAT --------------- turnaround time
TB ----------------- tuberculsosis
TBI ---------------Traumatic Brain Injury
TBLC ------------term birth, living child tbsp ---------------- tablespoon
TCA --------------- therapeutic community assignment
TCC----------------Transitional Cell Carcinoma
TCDB ------------- turn, cough, and deep breath
T&C --------------- type and crossmatch
TCOM ------------ transcutaneous oxygen monitor
TcPC02 ----------- transcutaneous PC02 measurement
TcP02 ------------- transcutaneous P02 measurement
TDWB -----------Touch Down Weight Bearing
TEDS -------------- elastic stockings tend ---------------- tenderness
TENS -------------- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve
Stimulation tet ------------------ tetanus
TF ------------------ tube feeding
T/G ---------------- triglycerides
T(GCS) -----------Tubed
THR --------------- target heart rate
THRA ------------- total hip replacement arthroplasty
TIA ---------------- transient ischemic attack
TIBC -------------- total iron binding capacity t.i.d. ---------------- three times a day tinct ---------------- tincture
TKE --------------- terminal knee extension
TKRA ------------- total knee replacement arthroplasty
TLC --------------- total lymphocyte count
TLFS -------------- Teaching Learning Flowsheet
TLR --------------- tonic labrinthine reflex
T.M. --------------- tympanic membrane
TMA -------------Transmetataral Amputation
TMJ --------------- temporal mandibular joint
TNM -------------- takes no medicine
-12-
Revised 8/04, 6/06
TNR --------------- tonic neck reflex t.o. ----------------- telephone order
TOG --------------- Task Oriented Group tol ------------------ tolerate top ----------------- topical tox ----------------- toxoid
TP ----------------- total protein
TPA ---------------tissue plasminogen activator
TPN --------------- total parenteral nutrition
TPR --------------- temperature, pulse and respiration tr ------------------- trace trig ----------------- triglyerides
T&S --------------- type and screen
TSH --------------- thyroid stimulating hormone tsp ----------------- teaspoon
TT ----------------- tilt table
TTWB ------------ toe touch weight bearing
TURP ------------- transurethral resection of prostate
TW ---------------- tap water
TWE -------------- tap water enema
Tx------------------ treatment
TX-----------------transferred tx ------------------- traction
Type I, II, II,
IV, or V --------- hyperlipoproteinemia
I, Ii, III, IV, V
UA ----------------- urinalysis
UBW -------------- usual body weight
UCG -------------- pregnancy test (urine test)
UE ----------------- upper extremity
UGI --------------- upper gastrointestinal
UB ----------------upper body
UL ----------------- upper lobe ung ---------------- ointment uni ----------------- one
U/O ---------------- unable to obtain
UOA -------------- United Ostomy Association
UPF --------------- ureteropulvic junction
URI ---------------- upper respiratory infection
UROL ------------- urological
US ----------------- ultrasound
U.S. --------------- Unit Secretary
US/ES ------------- ultrasound combined with
electrical stimulation
USD --------------- ultrasound diagnosis
USP --------------- United States Pharmacopeia
UT ----------------- Urological Technician
UTI ---------------- urinary tract infeciton
UUN -------------- urinary urea nitrogen
UV----------------- ultra violet
UVJ --------------- ureteral vesical juncion v ------------------- volts
VA ----------------- Veterans Administration
VAD -------------- venous access device vag ----------------- vaginal
Section 2-17

Revised 8/04, 6/06
Vasc-----------------Vascular
VC ----------------- vital capacity
VCG --------------- vectocardiogram
VD ----------------- veneral disease vdg ----------------- voiding
VDRL ------------- veneral disease research lab
VE ----------------- vaginal exam veg ----------------- vegetable
VER ---------------Visual Evoked Response v.f. -----------------Visual Field
V Fib -------------- ventricular fibrillation vit ------------------ vitamin
VMA -------------- vanylmandelic acid
VNA --------------- Visiting Nursing Association v.o. ----------------- verbal order vol ----------------- volume
V pad -------------- vaginal pad
VRE----------------Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus
VS ----------------- vital signs
VSD --------------- ventricular septal defect
VSRP -------------velocity spectrum rehabilitation program
VSS ---------------- vital signs stable
VT ----------------- ventricular tachycardia
VUC --------------- Voiding Uretheral Cystogram
WB ---------------- weight bearing
WBAT ------------ weight bearing as tolerated
WBC -------------- while blood count/cell
WC ---------------- wheelchair
W/D --------------- warm and dry
WD ---------------- well developed
WFL --------------- within functional limits
WIC --------------- Women, Infant, Children Program wk ------------------ week wknd --------------- weekend wkr ----------------- walker
WN ---------------- well nourished
WNL -------------- within normal limits wp ------------------ whirlpool
WP ----------------- wedge pressure
WPW -------------- Wolff-Parkinson-White (syndrome)
W/S------------------Watt seconds wt ------------------ weight
WT ---------------- watts x -------------------- times
X----------------------across x-match ----------- crossmatch yel ------------------ yellow y/o ----------------- year old yr ------------------- year
-13- Section 2-17

Revised 8/04, 6/06
SYMBOLS
@ ------------------ at v -------------------- systolic blood pressure

------------------- diastolic blood pressure
# -------------------- number, weight
' --------------------- foot
" -------------------- inch ii -------------------- two
/ -------------------- per
: -------------------- ratio
+ -------------------- positive
- -------------------- negative
= -------------------- equal

------------------- does not equal
> -------------------- greater than
< -------------------- less than
% ------------------- percent

------------------- ounce
♀
------------------- female
♂
------------------- male

------------------- increase

------------------- decrease

------------------- and

-------------------- degree
~ -------------------- similar
ø -------------------- no (i.e. visual change)

------------------- change

------------------- negative
1/2 ----------------- one-half
// -------------------- parallel
* -------------------- further documentation

------------------- heart
-------------------- one
------------------- three
... ------------------ etc.
 ---------------------------- checked and completed

K -------------- hypokalemia

K --------------- hyperkalemia

Na ------------- hyponatremia

Na -------------- hypernatremia
----------------- one
----------------- two
------------------ three
-14- Section 2-17