Angiography
Excessive Commercialisation
Complications of Angiography
1.Death
2.Myocardial Infarction
Factors predisposing
Unstable angina
Angina at rest
Recent sub-endorcardial MI
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
3. Neurological
Transient
Persistent (Stroke)
A-V fistulae
Haematomas with vascular and neural
Compression
Delayed haemorrhage
4. Local, Brachial and Femoral Complications
a. Brachial
Arterial thrombosis
Median n.injury
Late arterial bleed
Bacterial arteritis
Local cellulitis, phlebitis.
b. Femoral
Arterial or venous thrombosis
Distal embolization
False aneurysm
5. Perforation of the heart or great vessels
6. Vaso-vaga; reactopms
7. Arrjutj,oas and conduction disturbances
8. Phlebities infection, fever
9.Pyrogen reaction
10. Hypotension
11. Allergic shock
Hypotension/anaphylaxis
12. Other Complications
Pulmonary oedema
Pulmonary artery perforation
Pulmonary haemorrhage
Coronary artery dissection
Systemic or pulmonary embolization of
Vegetations
Pulmonary embolism
Catheter entanglement
13. Drawbacks
High costs and risks involved
Invasive procedure
Bypass Surgery
a road destined to close
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG):
Coronary artery bypass surgery is another
expensive surgical procedure which is a more
extensive, mutilating and aggressive process of
temporary solution to coronary artery disease. In
this operation, the chest is opened in the centre
in front. Blood vessels from the leg are surgically
removed and used to bypass the coronary
arteries.
Complications of CABG
1. Respiratory complications
Alveolar dysfunction
Pulmonary oedema
Infection
Phrenic nerve injury
Prolonged ventilatory insufficiency
2. Post – operative hypertension
3. Heart attack (myocardial infarction) during
operation
4. Cardiogenic shock
5. Left ventricular failure
6. Cardiac tamponade
7. Septic shock
8. Arrhythmias
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Ventricular fibrillation
9. Blood clotting disorders
10. Wound infection, non-healing of wound
11. Peripheral vascular complications
12. Rental failure
13. Gastro-intestinal complications
Bleeding in the stomach, duodenum, shock
liver syndrome
14. Reblockages
15. Damage the brain during the heart – lung
machine running the blood supply to the
brain.