CONTENTS Nr 6 PRZEGLĄD GÓRNICZY 2010
UDC 550.83: 550.343.6: 622.831.32-047.72
Marcak H.
Geomechanical interpretation of geophysical data structure, particularly the seismological data, for an assessment of seismic hazard..
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 1÷8, 11 Figs, 15 Refs.
Mining shocks. seismological data. seismological prediction
The deterministic mining shocks predictions are impossible. The statistical prediction of the seismic events is based on analysis of statistical properties of
geophysical data, particularly the catalogs of seismic events, in which the energy of shocks, time of their appearance, and hypocenters coordinates are
collected. If these parameters are described with stationary statistical distributions the seismic events can be predicted with efficiency depending on the data
uncertainty. The efficiency of prediction depends on the information used for prediction and it can be strengthen with geomechanical information related to
mining seismicity development. The following aspects are considered in the paper: linear distribution of seismic epicenters, location of hypocenters on the
seismic surface, dependence of maximum energy of event from the measure of seismic surface, opening and closing asperities on the seismic surface in
following stages of seismic energy relaxation. This additional information is useful in assessment of seismic risk.
UDC 628.4.045/.047: 628.4: 622.343(438): 622.363.1(438): 622.693.24-027.32:621.039.7
Kłeczek Z., Zeljaś D.
Ecological and safe hazardous waste storage yard within the saline structure of LGOM (Lubin–Głogów Copper Region).
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 9÷16, 6 Figs, 1Table, 9 Refs.
Management of hazardous waste. Underground storage of hazardous waste (including radioactive waste). Nuclear power engineering.
LGOM saline rock mass. Underground building. Conditions of the safe storage of hazardous waste (including nuclear waste) in the rock-salt seam deposit of
LGOM, meeting all underground storage rigors, are presented. In the face of the brought up issues of the safe and ecological utilization of hazardous waste in
the proposed location, at the present state of the saline structure of LGOM, there is a realistic chance to build from the basis the structure of an underground
waste storage.
UDC 622.333: 622.81-047.43: 622.8-025.52
Trenczek S.
Comprehensive evaluation method of natural hazards in coal mining.
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 17÷23, 4 Tables, 4 Refs.
hard coal mining. natural hazards. Anger level. Index appraisal.
There have been discussed a matter of natural hazards regarding frequency and a level of their occurrence, predictability of level increase and effects. The
essence of the appraisal made by means of indexes has been presented. The elements of a comprehensive appraisal of a level of natural hazards have been
shown on the basis of recognitions and classifications which were carried out. There have been determined an index of a potential level of natural hazards and
an appraisal of a relative level of a potential danger of works at a longwall area.
UDC 622.815(438+100)-047.37: 622.831.32: 622.333: 622.02: 539.217
Patyńska R.
The criteria of initiation of the coal and gases outburst in global mining.
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 24÷29, 1 Fig, 26 Refs.
Coal and gases outbursts. initiation parameters of outburst. porosity.
The comprehensive analysis of outburst in Polish mines is recommended to consideration of influence of structure in the coal seam and in the rocks in the
roof and in the bottom. Outburst of gases and rocks is a phenomena connected with appearance of gases in the structure of porous rocks. The amount of gases
indispensable to the start of outburst is a defined as result of internal volume of porosity rocks. The results of modeling investigation of porosity of coal solid
in longwall face shows that diversity of this parameter is connected with investigation spots.
UDC 622.343(438): 622.831.32(438): 550.34: 550.834: 519.272
Pilecka E.
Seismicity trends development determination based on statistical analysis of lineaments position – on example of high-energy bump
dated 13th June 2008 in ZG Rudna (mine).
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 30÷36, 8 Figs, 4 Tables, 37 Refs.
High-energy induced seisimicity. Directions of lineaments. Analysis of regression and correlation.
Possibilities of satellite pictures information using for the analysis of highenergy bumps on the area of Legnicko-Głogowki Copper Region are presented.
Lineaments have been taken into consideration, which are the characteristic lines interpreted from satellite pictures and can show the zones of discontinuities
in the rock-mass. It has been assumed that the high-energy bumps of creep character can create the discontinuity which can be reflected in the form of a
lineament. To determine the trends of seismicity development the equation of regression between the closest lineament azimuth and the azimuth of the vector
of consecutive bumps epicentres (KEW), origin of which was the epicentre of high-energy bump with energy E ≥ 1 • 108 J and the end epicentre of highenergy bump with energy E ≥ 1 • 106 J. On example of the high-energy bump dated 13th June 2008 in the mine „Rudna”, direction of the next high-energy
bump occurrence has been selected.
UDC 519.2: 622.331.31: 622.831.32-047.58: 519.86: 551.243-047.58: 550.834.32
Cianciara A.
Mathematical description of rock mass cracking basing on seismic emission detection.
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 37÷41, 2 Figs, 16 Refs.
Seismic-acoustic emission. Stream of events. Size of events. Rock cracking. Tremors. Bumps hazard.
Mathematical models of rock mass cracking are presented. Sizes of events are evaluated on the basis of mathematical energy of seismic events, however
discussed time distances between the consecutive events are directly measured. The discussed emission features have probable character and are treated as
random variables. Models of the statistical distribution of these features are presented as well as ways of their identification on the basis of registered emission
stream. It gives the basis for cracking processes research and enables practical application. From many possible applications of these solutions use for the ways
elaboration of evaluation of the state of bumps hazard in underground mines is presented.
UDC 622.882.2(438): 622.366(438): 622.228(438): 622.85: 574
Szmuc M., Warchoł M.
Restitution and reintroduction of biological life at the area degraded by a sulphur industry.
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 42÷44, 2 Figs, 1Table, 3 Refs.
Excavation. Mining. Reclamation.
The dynamic development of mining sulphure industry led in its consequences to the degradation of a huge amount of farmlands. The significiant cut in the
price of sulphur caused mining limitations, and liquidation of open-cast and borehole mines. Reclamation of the post-mining land in 1990s, in accordance with
the restoration plan for particular area, permitted to value restoration of the degraded area. Therefore water basins, arable land and forest area arised at the
place of mining country, additionally creating perfect places for recreation. The ecological effect reached on post-mining land of Sulphure Mine in Machów,
Grzybów, Jeziórko and Machów II permitted to create there conditions for restitution and reintroduction of biological life.
UDC 624.131: 537.87: 546.33.131-032: 54-145: 621.396.96
Tomecka-Suchoń S.
Theoretical Analysis of the Influence of Soil Saturation with NaCl Solution on the Amplitude of Reflected Georadar Waves.
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol.66, No. 6, pp. 45÷51, 9 Figs, 10 Refs.
georadar. mineralization. soil. electromagnetic wave. GPR.
The paper discusses in theoretical way the influence of saturation of soil with salt solution NaCl on amplitudes of recorded GPR electromagnetic signals. It
considers the case of a plane electromagnetic wave propagating in a homogenous two-layer medium. The research regards an influence of the electric
conductivity of second layer on the reflection coefficient for GPR waves. The conductivity changes result from saturation of the soil (the soil saturation with
saline was assumed to be 30 %) with NaCl solutions of concentrations ranging from 1 to 240 g/kg. The electrical properties of saline NaCl and soil were
calculated on the base of known empirical relationships. Basing on it, we estimated the influence of NaCl concentration on the values of GPR attenuation,
reflection and transmission coefficients for the 800 MHz frequency. The analysis of results indicated that the real part of the relative dielectric permittivity of
the soil saturated with saline is practically independent of NaCl concentration, while its imaginary part and attenuation coefficient are almost linear function of
saline concentration up to 150 g/kg. At higher concentration the ratio of increase is smaller. The highest sensitivity of the change of attenuation coefficient on
soil concentrations NaCl appears less then about 50 g/kg. At higher NaCl concentrations the sensitivity markedly falls. In consequence, it was found that the
georadar recording analysis at 800 MHz consents to quantitative assessment of NaCl concentration in the soil in 1 – 150 g/kg range.
UDC 531.7: 551.43: 622.332(438): 622.271.333(438): 004.352: 621.375.826: 622.654.1
Maciaszek J., Ćwiąkała P.
Laser scanning application for monitoring landslides and dislocations in open cast mines – the ”Belchatów” Lignite Mine example.
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol.66, No. 6, pp. 52÷57, 7 Figs, 4Tables, 5 Refs.
Laser scanning. landslides. open cast mines.
The deformations of the slopes in open cast mines make an extraordinarily important problem both from the point of view of the safety of the exploitation as
well as for the project practice. The applied so far classical geodetic and photogrammetric measurements allow a narrow range of defining the scale of
horizontal and vertical dislocations of points. New measuring technologies allow the measurements and analysis of much larger number of points obtained in a
long time scale. The article presents the application of laser scanning for the needs of the monitoring of dislocations in slopes and landslides in open cast
mines. As an example a large landslide in the area of the Lignite Mine ”Bełchatów” was used.
UDC 550.344-047.58: 550.348.42: 622.831.32-047.58: 519.6
Leśniak A., Danek T., Pięta A.
Progress of seismic wave field numerical modeling.
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 58÷63, 8 Figs, 1 Table, 9 Refs.
Numerical modelling of wave field, parallel computing. 3D modelling. anisotropy.
In this paper recent progress in full wave form seismic modeling was presented. The main stress was put on using this technique in exploration seismic, mine
seismic and seismology. The most important reasons of this progress were dynamic development of numerical algorithm and computer methods. Possibility of
using parallel, distributed and heterogeneous computational environment was critical. Increased computational power and development of computer hardware
were additional factors. All of this allowed modeling for real anisotropic 3D media in acceptable times.
UDC 551.43: 519.6: 624.131.53/.54-047.58
Cała M., Betlej M.
Chosen aspects of three dimensional slope stability analysis in complex geological conditions.
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 64÷69, 9 Figs, 8 Refs.
Slope stsbility. landslides. numerical modelling. factor of safety
The process of slope stability analysis requires several simplifying assumptions. The influence of these assumptions is complex and depends on the geology of
analyzed region. A very complex geology results in increasing number of factors influencing stability necessary to be taken under consideration. This paper
shows a few examples of three-dimensional slope stability analyses utilising modified shear strength reduction technique. The problems of correct estimation
of boundary conditions, element and model size were discussed and its influence on calculations results was also presented. The numerical model calibration
process was performed with actual range of landslide and correct way of result’s interpretation.
UDC 629.783: 535.854: 622.333(438.13): 622.834-044.7(438.13)
Porzycka S., Leśniak A.
Temporal analysis of slow ground deformations in the area of Dąbrowski Basin.
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 70÷75, 11 Figs, 2 Tables, 9 Refs.
PSInSAR. Dąbrowski Basin. ground deformation.
In this work the temporal analysis of slow deformations in the area of Dąbrowski Basin was performed. The aim of this work was to study the trend changes in
this area between years 1993 and 2000. In order to perform this task the PSInSAR data were used. These data derive information about slow deformation for
PS points that are stable radar targets. In the first step the algorithm which detects at most one or none change of trend for each of PS points was developed. In
this work the detected trend changes were divided into four categories: increase and decrease of subsidence and increase and decrease of the lift of terrain. In
this work the temporal and spatial analysis of detected trend changes was performed. The density maps of the PS points with detected trend changes were
generated. In maps the categories of trend changes were also pictured. Performed analysis showed that the trend changes occurred for 41% of PS points. The
highest numbers of trend changes were detected in two periods of time: X.1993–XII.1995 and III.1999–IV.2000. For first period of time the increases
subsidence value were characteristic while for second period of time the decreases of these values were the most common. It is very important that in studied
period of time two coals mines were abandoned: “Paryż” (1995) and “Sosnowiec” (1997). The detected decreases of values of subsidence can be connected
with this discontinuation of coal exploitation. In order to show this relation it is necessary to analyze obtained results with the mining data concerning
localization of exploitation fields.
UDC 622.273.24: 519.6: 622.831.3: 622.016.6: 539.4.013: 622.874
Makówka J.
Numerical analize of special stress distribution in surroundings of typical gob edges configurations using distinct element method.
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 76÷84, 14 Figs, 2 Tables, 6 Refs.
State of stress and deformation. gob edge. numerical analize.
In the paper numerical analyze results of some typical mutual orientations of longwall front and previously made gob edge in incumbent coal bed has been
presented. Spatial variation of stress tensor is shown. Stress characteristic of exploitation edge determined in single edge model is compared with edge
characteristic according to J. Dubinski.
UDC 550. 34.04: 550.063: 550.348.098.5: 622.831.32-045.48: 510.5: 004.021-022.233
Pięta A., Bała J.
Parallelization methods of the inverse problem for the chosen geophysical issues.
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 85÷90, 6 Figs, 6 Refs.
Inversion of geophysical data. parallel computation. joint inversion. location of mining tremors.
The article presents two different kinds of parallel decomposition of the inverse problem. The computations were performed on the example of selected issues
in the fields of geophysics: the location of mining tremors and the joint inversion of geoelectrical data. Global optimization algorithms from the group of the
grid search method were used to solve the inverse problem. For a parallel realization of this algorithm the fine and the coarse grid decomposition were
proposed. Execution time, speed-up and efficiency of both kinds of parallel algorithms were presented and analyzed.
UDC 620.18: 553.068.35: 622.363.1: 534.64: 622.692.24: 622.692.237
Figiel W., Kawalec-Latała E.
Acoustic pseudoimpedance synthetic section resolution of salt formation and its recognition for construction of underground reservoir.
Prz. Gór. 2010, Vol.66, No. 6, pp. 91÷96, 9 Figs, 13 Refs.
Underground storage. rock salts, acoustic pseudoimpedance. data analysis and visualisation. context and adaptive transformation of images. image
edge detection. inhomogeneity detection.
Rocks salt deposits with homogenous inner structure are attractive localisation for hydrocarbon underground reservoir. Surface seismic measurement methods
are economic source of essential geologic information. The inversion of seismic section permits to get approximate distribution of rocks environment acoustic
impedance, projecting geologic formation. Interpretation of acoustic pseudoimpedance section with poor seismic signal parameters and low signal to noise
ratio S/N is improved by deconvolution process. The high reflection coefficient, typical for Zechstein rocks salts, suggests good results with application of
minimum entropy deconvolution method MED. Computer methods of image processing are supporting visual interpretation of geologic formation. The images
of geologic environment and their visualisation are constructed from database of acoustic pseudoimpedance distributions. The face lithology inhomogeneity
detection, for stratum identification as potential underground hydrocarbon reservoir or waste storage, may be obtained in process of proper interpretation of
acoustic impedance section images.