A Laboratory Equipment Proposal
Submitted by:
Dr. William F. Wright
Dr. Lubo Liu
Dr. Ming Xiao
Civil and Geomatics Engineering Department
Lyles College of Engineering
Key Words: Water resources, water supply, water quality, water pollution, water/soil interaction, underground water remediation, irrigation, water modeling, contaminant transport
February 1, 2011
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1.-Narrative
The demand for water has been increasing steadily to the point that now days it is considered a highly valued commodity, in the same group of crude oil and energy. Water as a valuable resource is very scarce in some areas of the Globe and in others, although not scarce, its distribution is not appropriate. The National Geographic magazine reports
(April 2010 ) that given the current use of water, if we do not make changes to increase its availability, by 2050 a third of the people on Earth may lack a clean, secure source of water. While water covers 70 percent of earth’s surface, only 3 percent of it exists in drinkable, freshwater form, and nearly 70 percent of that is locked in ice.
The proposal submitted herein aims at the development of laboratory infrastructure within the academic setting of CSU, Fresno and under the direct stewardship of the Lyles
College of Engineering and the Civil and Geomatics Engineering department in particular, to provide support for teaching and research in water supply, treatment, distribution, and management. The equipment to be acquired with the grant requested here will be used to initiate the development of a strategic set of laboratories that will support the water-related research initiatives on- and off-campus and to educate and train students by providing hands-on opportunities to explore and measure key hydraulic and water quality parameters. The attempt is not to duplicate existing academic or commercial facilities, but rather to strategically complement the existing and projected laboratory infrastructure.
The equipment requested deals with precise measurement of water flow, water pollution and water quality parameters that are used in the control of water pollution. It includes tools to develop computer modeling of water flow both surface flow and underground water flow. The equipment will facilitate the study of the interaction of water with soils as a media, and interaction of water with contaminants, either suspended, dissolved, or chemically combined.
The equipment proposed for the Water Quality Research Lab (EE 186) would support water quality research and is expected to lead to an improved understanding of the sources, transformation, and ultimate fate of contaminants in our wastewater and recycled water streams.
The equipment proposed for the Hydraulics Lab (EW 134) would support hydrodynamic/ hydraulic modeling and is expected to lead to improved understanding of contaminant transport processes. Much of the proposed equipment is multi-use as it would also provide valuable educational experiences for students in different areas in addition to research experience. Wellperforming students at the undergraduate and graduate level would be recruited to participate in this research.
The team that will receive primary stewardship of the equipment and directive of the laboratories is comprised of Drs. William F. Wright, Ming Xiao, and Lubo Liu. Their area of expertise, experience, and impressive background in the subject make them strategically qualified to maximize the use and output of the equipment. The team includes expertise in water quality and treatment, water supply, water flow and modeling,
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computer simulation and forecasting, water interaction with soils, soil/water remediation, and other related areas.
Since the equipment and laboratories are setting in an academic environment, the teaching component of the project is of paramount importance. The equipment requested here will allow the faculty and graduate student conduct research in key areas. Graduate students will be able to conduct their research project and thesis in a more complete and quantitative manner. For instance, there are about half dozen graduate students who have expressed their interest and have started their MSCE work in water related topics as illustrated in the following table.
Finally, the major equipment proposed herein for research is unique (not duplicated) on the campus and can be jointly used for research and instruction by other departments. For example, the hydrology apparatus H313 can be co-utilized by departments of Civil and Geomatics
Engineering, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geography, and others for the investigations of subsurface water, relationship between rainfall and runoff, and numerous other purposes. Other equipment could be jointly used by researchers in the Jordan College of Agricultural Sciences and
Technology. This capability is expected to lead to increased collaboration on campus among faculty who have interests in water-related areas of study.
2.- Budget
Total Proposal Amount:
Equipment
( See detailed listing of equipment in Appendix )
Lab Infrastructure Improvement
$ 233,300
$ 10,000
Other Sources:
Provost and Pritchard Engineering Donation:
Provost and Pritchard-Lyles Matching:
American Council of Engineering Companies (ACEC): -$ 9,500
ACEC Lyles Matching:
Peters Equipment Account:
Peters Equipment Lab Infrastructure Upgrading:
-$ 4,750
-$ 4,750
-$55,000
-$10,000
Total Available:
Amount Requested:
-$ 9,500
-$93,500
$ 139,800
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REQUESTED EQUIPMENT
Sontek Doppler Velocimeters (ADV) . This equipment is for both instruction and research in water use, transport and hydrodynamic modeling.
A 16 MHz MicroADV ideal for laboratory flume measurements, temperature and pressure transducers, data loggers.
One Turner 10-AU Field Fluorometer with optical filters for Flourescein, Rhodamine WT and
Ammonium) This equipment is for both instruction and research in water use, transport and hydrodynamic modeling .
The 10AU Field Fluorometer is a rugged, field-portable instrument that can be set up for continuous-flow monitoring or discrete sample analyses. A watertight case, internal data logging, automatic range changing, watertight quick-change filter paddles, and unmatched stability make the 10-AU the instrument of choice for field studies. A variety of compounds can be easily measured on-site using applicationspecific optical filters available from Turner Designs.
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) .
Instruments Rio Grande Acoustic Doppler
One 1200 kHz RD
Current Profiler
(ADCP) equipped with an OceanScience Riverboat. This equipment is for both instruction and research in water use, transport and hydrodynamic modeling.
This equipment is an accurate, rapid discharge measurement system designed to operate from a moving boat. The Rio Grande can be used for a wide range of river conditions, from as shallow as 30 cm streams to large rivers and tidal estuaries.
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TE58 Model Reservoir and Surge Tower . This equipment is for both instruction and research in water use, storage reservoir and hydrodynamic modeling .
This laboratory apparatus is for practical studies of mass continuity in unsteady systems flood routing surges in pipes and mass oscillation in surge towers. The primary functions include:
Shows the use of reservoirs for water storage and flood control o o o o o o
Also allows investigations of a pipe distribution system
Includes a sharp-edged weir
Shows how to calibrate pressure transducers
Includes two reservoirs and a surge tower
Supplied with instrumentation
Ideal for students working in small groups, or for classroom demonstrations
2.0 MHz Nortek Aquadapp Current Profiler. This equipment is for both research in water use, transport and hydrodynamic modeling.
HATCH serial instruments for water quality analysis: pH, turbidity, conductivity, DO, BOD, COD etc.
For Both instruction and research (theme: Water quality, Water use etc)
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H313 Hydrology Apparatus This equipment is for both instruction AND research (Theme:
hydrologic modeling and groundwater flow) purposes . o H313 is for comprehensive study of hydrology. It can be used to the following experiments and studies: o Investigation of rainfall/run-off relationships for dry, saturated and impermeable catchments of various slopes (surface run-off only) o Effect of interflow on outflow hydrograph surface runoff (plus groundwater flow) o Simulation of multiple and moving storms o Measurement of cone of depression for a single well and comparison with theory interaction of cones of depression for two adjacent wells o De-watering of excavation sites by use of wells o Flow from a well in a confined aquifer o Demonstration of watersheds for a simulated island with rainfall and well flows o Sediment transport and meanders in simulated rivers o Studies of scour around simulated bridge piers
FEL2 Soil/Water Model Tank . This equipment is for both instruction AND research (Theme:
irrigation and groundwater flow) purposes .
This equipment can help understand surface and sub-surface effects of surface water application; understand optimum irrigation application rates to maximize infiltration and minimize surface run-off and visualize the drainage systems.
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Jenway 6315 UV/ Visible Spectrophotometer
Scanning UV/ Visible spectrophotometer
Scans in the range of 1998 to 1000nm
Uses pulsed xenon lamp 200 method memory
Quantization using up to 6 standards
The 6315 is an advanced measuring system with modes for Photometrics,
Spectrum Scanning, Kinetics, Concentration and Quantization and will meet the demands of a wide range of applications in areas such clinical, veterinary, environmental and general QC testing.
Simple concentration measurements using a single standard or factor can be made in the concentration mode. The Quantization mode allows more complex concentration methods to be programmed, using up to 6 standards to create a calibration curve. For each curve fit option a linearity correlation coefficient is calculated.
Applications at Fresno State (initial list, the equipment has many other uses): o Specific Ultraviolet Absorption (SUVA) o Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) o Color
Reflectoquant® RQflex™ 10 Reflectometer multi-Meter
The Reflectoquant Analysis System consists of a highly sensitive reflectometry instrument called the RQflex 10 and
Reflectoquant test strips that are inserted into the instrument. The combination of these two technologies allows you to test for a wide variety of analytes in just seconds. It is the only portable test system that combines the speed and convenience of test strips with accuracy close to that of laboratory instruments. And because of its size and ease of use, you can test anywhere, anytime.
The RQflex uses a double optic system which works in conjunction with a dual reaction zone on the Reflectoquant
Test Strip to allow for a simultaneous double measurement in one step. Barcode controlled software calculates the mean of the two measurement zones and displays the result in the LED panel. This double measurement process assures the best quality control and accuracy. The double optic system and the two reaction zones on the test strip allow a simultaneous double measurement in one operational step. The barcode-controlled software calculates and displays the mean of those two measurements.
Applications at Fresno State (initial list, the equipment has many other uses): o Nitrite o Nitrate o Ammonia o Chlorine Residual o Chloride o Phosphate
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YSI* Model 52 Dissolved Oxygen Meter & Probe
Use the Model 52 in the field with the field-proven 5739 dissolved oxygen sensor and connect a 5905 BOD probe in the lab to complete all of your lab testing. It's as simple as changing cables!
The YSI 58 is a proven field and laboratory instrument. The 58 displays oxygen concentrations in two temperature-compensated modes. The instrument offers manual salinity correction, recorder output, and operation from line power or batteries. The case also holds additional batteries for an optional DO field stirrer.
Applications at Fresno State: o Dissolved Oxygen
Hach Model 2100Q (Turbidity Meter) & 2100A (Standards)
Use the Model 52 in the field with the field-proven 5739 dissolved oxygen sensor and connect a 5905 BOD probe in the lab to complete all of your lab testing. It's as simple as changing cables!
The YSI 58 is a proven field and laboratory instrument. The 58 displays oxygen concentrations in two temperature-compensated modes. The instrument offers manual salinity correction, recorder output, and operation from line power or batteries. The case also holds additional batteries for an optional DO field stirrer.
Applications at Fresno State: o Turbidity
Phipps & Bird PB-700TM Standard JarTester
This six-paddle model is our basic unit, incorporating all the most-askedfor features. Constructed on a powder-coated steel uniframe chassis, six stainless steel 1" x 3" paddles are spaced six inches apart and are adjustable to a maximum depth of nine inches. Our highly reliable el electronic motor control system offers regulated variable speeds of all paddles simultaneously, from 1 - 300 rpm, with the exact speed clearly displayed on a digital readout. A fluorescent-lamp floc illuminator is built into the jar tester base to provide soft, diffused lighting of samples being tested.
Each unit comes complete with your choice of either: Six standard , round, glass, 1-liter laboratory beakers, or Six B-KER2 square, acrylic, 2-liter jar testing jars, along with a dust cover and a one-year manufacturer's warranty
Applications at Fresno State:
Coagulation/ flocculation Lab Exercise
Jenway 6305 UV/ Visible Spectrophotometer
Easy and intuitive operation
Absorbance, %T and Concentration modes
Multi-parameter display with wavelength readout
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Wide range of sampling accessories
The 6300 and 6305 are high quality, low cost measurement systems for routine analysis in QC applications, education and training.
Simple operating procedures ensure quick and reliable operation even by unskilled users. The specially designed
LCD and easy to use keypad provide access to an extensive range of functions; press the up or down arrow keys to see the displayed wavelength increase or decrease, use the right or left arrow keys to select Absorbance,
Transmission or Concentration readout from the simple menu bar.
Applications at Fresno State o Absorbance of methylene blue -for Adsorption Lab Exercise o Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) -for proposed COD Lab Exercise o Color for proposed Color Lab Exercise
Barnstead B-pure Deionized Water Production system
Barnstead B-pure cartridge is the simple solution. Perhaps you need a new lab water purification system or a water polishing system. Thermo Scientific Barnstead
Deionizer Diamond TII produces ASTM type II water.
For bio-analytical applications Barnstead Easypure and Nanopure water systems have options for UV sterilization and ultrafiltration (UF). Do you have house DI or RO water? If not you may need a reverse osmosis system as a pretreatment for your new water system. For laboratory RO there are many options including Thermo Scientific
Barnstead, Labconco Water Pro, Sartorius Stedim Aria, Siemens Purelab, and Pall Cascada. All of these manufacturers also carry ultrapurification systems.
Applications at Fresno State: o Needed for almost all of the lab exercises
Hatch DRB200 Chemical Oxygen Demand Analyzer
The DRB 200 is supplied with either one or two heating blocks. The heating blocks can heat solutions in round vials of two different sizes at 37165 ° C for a period of
0-480 minutes. The small, 16 mm diameter vial wells in the heating block are suitable for Hach COD, TOC, and Test N´ Tube tests. The larger, 20 mm diameter vial wells are intended for sample preparation reaction vessels, using the Metals
Prep Set. The DRB 200 has 6 stored and 3 programmable temperature programs.
Applications at Fresno State (initial list, the equipment has many other uses):
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) --for proposed COD Lab Exercise
Mettler Analytical Balance
Analytical balances are accurate and precise instruments used to measure masses.
They require a draft-free location on a solid bench that is free of vibrations. Some modern balances have built-in calibration masses to maintain accuracy. Older balances should be calibrated periodically with a standard mass.
Applications at Fresno State
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o Gravimetric Analysis -Solids Lab Exercise
Hach® Deluxe Laboratory Turbidimeter
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This turbidimeter features a wider measuring range (0 to 10,000 NTUs, 0 to 67,000 NEPH, 0 to 2450
EBCs) with four measurement modes (NTU, absorbance, % transmittance, or platinum, and cobalt color units). It has programmable signal averaging and built-in printer and recorder output. It meets ISO 7027 turbidity measurement standards and uses a monochromatic light-emitting diode (LED) as a light source.
The turbidimeter can be used by Dr. Xiao, Dr. Wright, and Dr. Liu on multidisciplinary research involving water, soil, and environmental aspects. For example, it can be used in Dr. Xiao’s pending NSF proposal
“Mobilization of Sand Particles and Erosion Progression Under Various Permeating Fluids.” It gives the edge to the faculty in civil engineering to showcase the upgraded research facility to increase external funding competitiveness.
This turbidimeter will be used in the CE129 Hydraulic Lab, CE123L Soils Lab, and in the design courses in water resources, environmental engineering, and geotechnical engineering. The equipment will help students understand the concepts of turbidity and its wide applications in water quality control, soil erosion, and riparian habitat restoration.
R/S Plus Controlled Stress Co-Axial Rheometer
This is sophisticated rheometer has the advantage of both controlled stress and controlled shear rate operation with built-in temperature control. It is used to test fluids which cannot be defined by a single value of viscosity and therefore require more parameters to be set and measured than is the case for a viscometer.
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The rheometer will be used in CE129 Hydraulic Lab, CE140 Hydrology, and CE245 Geoenvironmental
Engineering. Students will use the equipment to test viscosity of various fluids under various hydraulic conditions. This equipment helps students understand and appreciate the applications of fundamental concepts in the engineering practice such as soil erosion and remediation, sediment transport, San Joaquin
River restoration, and water resources management.
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