Name ________________________
Reproductive Systems
Reproduction: the biological process by which new organisms are produced.
The methods of reproduction are grouped into two main types: _________ and ____________.
Asexual: Reproduction occurs from a ________ living organism.
Sexual: Reproduction occurs from _____ living organisms.
Conditions required for reproduction:




_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Reproductive Functions
Female:
1. Produce __________ (ova/egg)
a.
_____________ – releases egg where fertilization can occur
2. Develop embryo in uterus from fertilization to _______________ (period of gestation)
3. _______ fully developed young
4. Produce milk (__________) to nourish young
Species
Ovulation
Rate
(eggs)
Length of
Gestation
Length of
Lactation
(days)
Length of
Estrous
Cycle
(days)
Act of
giving
birth
Offspring
Cow
Ewe
Sow
Mare
Male:
1. To produce large number of viable __________
2. To ________ sperm to the right place at the ________ _____
Animal Science Reproductive Systems Page 1
Name ________________________
Major Organs of the Reproductive System
Ovaries – ______________ reproductive gland in which _________ are formed and
_____________ and ________________ hormones are produced.
Testes – _________ reproductive gland that produces ________ and ____________.
Reproductive Terms
Zygote – a cell formed by the union of _________ and _________ at fertilization.
___________ – organism in early stages of development.
___________ – carrying a fetus
Fertilization – the union of the __________ and ___________ nuclei
___________ – occurence of fertilization
Ejaculation – a discharge of __________ from the male
Ovulation – release of an _________ from the female.
__________ – temporary or permanent inability to reproduce
__________ – the ability to reproduce
__________ – examination by feel
Gestation – the time from ___________ or conception of a female until she gives ________ to
her young
Female Reproductive Organs Structure
Female Reproductive Organs Function
1. Vulva 2. Vagina 3. Cervix 4. Uterus 5. Horns of Uterus 6. Fallopian Tube (oviduct) –
7. Infundibulum 8. Ovaries -
Animal Science Reproductive Systems Page 2
Name ________________________
Male Reproductive Organs Structure
Male Reproductive Organs Function
1. Testes -2. Epididymis -3. Vas deferens -4. Ampulla -5. Penis -6. Urethra -7. Cowper's Gland -8. Prostrate Gland -9. Seminal Vesicle -10. Retractor Penis Muscle -11. Scrotum -12. Sheath -13. Spermatic cord --
Animal Science Reproductive Systems Page 3
Name ________________________
The Estrous Cycle
1. Estrus – period of time when female is ___________ to the ________ and will ________
for mating.
2. Metestrus – follows ___________; period when the _____________ __________ (hormonesecreting growth) forms where the ___________ was released from the ______________.
3. Diestrus – follows ____________; period when the corpus luteum is __________.
Hormones released stimulate preparation of ___________ for _____________.
4. Proestrus – follows ___________; rapid _____________ growth to prepare for next
____________.
Average Estrous Cycles – add to table above
Heat (Estrus) Detection -- List ways to detect heat in each of the following species:
Cow or Heifer –
Mare –
Ewe –
Sow or Gilt –
Best time of the year to breed
Mare – horses are _______________ polyestrous breeders and mares cycle naturally in the
____________ and stop cycling in __________________. Breed mares on the _______
day of estrus and every other day for ____________ days.
Cow or Heifer – cattle will breed ______________ the year although most ranchers restrict
breeding to __________ days in the ___________ or spring so that calves will be born
together.
Ewe – sheep are ______________ polyestrous breeders and breed during the late ___________
and early ________, in order for lambs to be born in the __________ or early __________.
Sow or Gilt – hogs are __________________ polyestrous breeders and are usually bred to have
________ litters each year. Breed sow on the __________ day of estrus and _________
hours later.
Reproductive Hormones
Hormone
1. _____________
Origin
Pituitary
Destination
_____________
2. Estrogen
____________
_____________
3. Lutenizing Hormone
4. _____________
5. Oxytocin
Pituitary
____________
Putuitary
_____________
Brain
_____________
6. _____________
Testes
Brain/Total Body
Function
Grows follicles on
ovaries
Femininity and
mating desire
________________
Stops the cycle
________________
________________
________________
Animal Science Reproductive Systems Page 4
Name ________________________
Sex Cells - contain _________ the normal number of chromosomes
Female Reproductive Cell –
Structure of Normal Bull Sperm
Male Reproductive Cell –
Semen –
Semen Evaluation –
Morphology –
Motility –
Density –
Species differences
Reasons for Sterility and Delayed
Breeding
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Best time for Fertility checks
1. Just Before Breeding season -2. Soon After Breeding season --
Reasons for infertility
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
6.
7.
8.
9.
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Reasons for Poor Conception Rates
1. _______________________
2. _______________________
3. _______________________
4. _______________________
5. _______________________
6. _______________________
Animal Science Reproductive Systems Page 5
Name ________________________
Stages of Development During Pregnancy
1. _______________: A cell formed by union of egg and sperm
2. _______________: Organism early in stages of development
3. _______________: Inborn animal in late stages of development.
Parturition: The act of giving ________.
Signs: Milk develops in udder, abdomen drops, Nesting, restlessness, abdomen muscles contract
Stage 1: ___________________
Stage 2: Delivery of fetus
Stage 3: ___________________
Stage 4: Period of Rest
Dystocia: __________ giving birth
Causes: Presentation, oversized fetus, multiple births, exhaustion, contractions stop.
Solutions: Call vet or assist yourself.
Poultry Reproduction
Hen Reproductive Tract (draw):
Reproductive Technologies
1. Artificial Insemination
2. Embryo Transfer
3. Estrus synchronization
4. Cloning
Animal Science Reproductive Systems Page 6