Ocean Water Chemistry
Essential Question: How would you describe the composition of the ocean? _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Importance of Oceans
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Oceans provide important sources for ______________, _______________, and _________________
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___________ and _____________ are found beneath the ______________________________
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Minerals including ____________, ____________, and ____________
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Oceans provide _____________________________________
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Oceans affect ____________________and ____________________
Ocean Formation
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Oceans formed form _______________________________________________________
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Volcanoes release many ____________when they erupt including ____________________and ________________
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Over time (millions of years) the water vapor ____________and _____________________into storm
clouds
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Rains fell and filled low areas on Earth called __________________________
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About ____________% of the Earth is covered by ocean water
Composition of the Ocean
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Ocean water contains ____________gases such as ____________, _______________________, and _____________
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The ocean also contains dissolved ____________such as _______________, _________________, ______________,
magnesium, _________________, and potassium ions
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____________is the measure of salts _________________in ___________________
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About ____________% of the ocean is water
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About ____________% of the ocean is salts
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1 ____________of ocean water contains about ____________of dissolved salts
Source of Salt
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The _________________source of the salts is from dissolved minerals brought to the oceans by
___________________and ___________________
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A second source can be found in ___________________________________________________
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Rivers and streams deliver approximately ________________________________of salts every year
Gases released from volcanoes provides large amounts of ______________________, sulfur, and other
minerals
Why doesn’t the ocean continue to get saltier with time?
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Oceans are considered to be in a ________________________, which means that elements are
____________and ____________at about the ____________
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Material is removed by __________________building shells or skeletons or precipitating out as sediment
Variations is Salinity
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The ____________of salinity levels ____________through out the ocean
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Near the ocean’s surface, ____________, ____________, ____________, and ____________add fresh
water ____________the salinity
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____________of water ____________salinity levels mainly where the ____________is ____________and
____________or where ________________________
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The Dead Sea between Israel and Jordan is so ____________that people can easily
____________on its ____________
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The ____________cold temperatures ____________water at the surface causing the salinity to be
____________in the remaining water
Effects of Salinity
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Salinity affects several ____________of water
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Ocean water doesn’t ____________until the temperature drops to about ____________Celsius
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Salt water also has a higher ____________than fresh water, causing it to have a
________________________
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____________is the ability to ____________or rise in a liquid
Temperatures of Ocean Water
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Surface temperatures vary from place to place
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The ocean ____________energy from the ____________
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Near the ____________the temperature is ____________while the farther from the equator temperatures
____________
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____________water is usually less ____________than ____________water
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The deeper you ____________, the ____________and ____________the water becomes
Gases in Ocean Water
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____________main ____________found in the ocean are ______________________and ___________________
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Carbon dioxide is about ____________more ______________________in the ocean than the air
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Why? Organisms such as algae and coral need the carbon dioxide to live
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____________is not as abundant as ____________
Changes with Depth
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Decreasing Temperatures
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As you ____________through the ocean, water temperature ____________
Increasing Pressure
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____________increases ____________with ____________in ocean
Analysis Questions:
1. a. What is salinity? What is the average salinity of ocean water?
b. Describing one factor that increases the salinity of sea water and one factor that decreases its salinity.
c. Would you expect the seawater just below the floating ice in the Arctic Ocean to be higher or lower in
salinity than the water in the deepest part of the ocean? Explain.
2. a. Where would you find the warmest ocean temperatures on Earth?
b. How do carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the oceans compare to those in the air?
c. How does the temperature of ocean water affect oxygen levels in the water?
3. How do temperature and pressure change as you descend in the ocean?