Evolution Exam Review
Define evolution
Name_________________
Describe the common ancestor to all life forms(first life form on earth)
What does the fossil record tell us about organisms of the past?
Define Homologous structures, give an example. What do they tell us about the organisms?
Define Analogous structures, give an example. What do they tell us about the organism?
Darwin knew that organisms change over time. He did not know the mechanism.
1. What is the mechanism that will display a change in an organism?
2. What are two sources of change in an organism? Describe each

Define Geographic isolation
Define reproductive isolation
How does geographic isolation cause speciation, use the term reproductive isolation in your answer?
What will happen to the gene frequency for a gene that produces an adaptation that will help an organism survive in its environment, describe why
Describe natural selection use and describe the following terms: overproduction, reproduction, variation, adaptation, competition, survival of the fittest

What effects the rate of natural selection?
Define artificial selection(selective breeding), give an example
Describe how the environment “selects” for favorable traits, give an example
Draw an evolutionary tree with 6 species remaining at the present time. Show two extinct species. Label each species using letters. Pick on pair of organism that are closely related.
Pick another pair of species that are more distantly related. describe why the first pair are more closely related than the second pair. Use the term common ancestor

Evolution Exam Review
1. Define evolution
The change in a species over time
2. Describe the common ancestor to all life forms(first life form on earth)
Most likely:
-A single celled simple primitive organism
3. What does the fossil record tell us about organisms of the past?
-Is shows that organisms have changed, based on changes in structure.
-Older fossils(organisms) are found deeper in the sediment, younger organisms are found near the surface of the sediment
4. Define Homologous structures, give an example. What do they tell us about the organisms?
-Structure that have similar bone structures, but have different functions ex. Bat wing, human arm, whale flipper
-They tell us that these organisms have an evolutionary relationship

5. Define Analogous structures, give an example. What do they tell us about the organism?
-Structures that have similar functions, but no similar structures
-They tell us that there is no evolutionary relationship between these organisms
6. Darwin knew that organisms changed over time. He did not know the mechanism. What is the mechanism that will display a change in an organism?
-Genes, genetic variation
7. What are two sources of change in an organism?
Describe each a. Mutation: random changes in the genetic makeup of an organism b. Genetic recombination through sexual reproduction
8. Define Geographic isolation
-When two populations are separated by a physical boundary ex. Mountains, rivers, oceans
9. Define reproductive isolation
-When to populations can no longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring

10. How does geographic isolation cause speciation, use the term reproductive isolation in your answer?
-When two populations are geographically isolated they adapt to their new environment. Eventually their genes change enough that they become reproductively isolated and a new species is formed
11. What will happen to the gene frequency for a gene that produces an adaptation that will help an organism survive in its environment, describe why
The gene frequency will increase. That gene(trait)will become more dominant in that population of organisms because it helps them survive
12. Describe natural selection use and describe the following terms: overproduction, reproduction, variation, adaptation, competition, survival of the fittest a. More organisms are produced than will survive b. all of the organisms vary slightly, they have varying traits c. The offspring compete for limited resources d. Some organisms have adaptations which make them better suited or “more fit” for their environment than other organisms. e. Survival of the fittest occurs, the most fit organism survive the least fit organisms die.
13. What effects the rate of natural selection? a. Higher genetic b. Rapid change in the environment

14. Define artificial selection(selective breeding), give an example
-When humans breed certain organisms to produce favorable traits ex. a. Breeding plants to produce larger/better fruits and vegetables b. Breeding dogs to produce certain traits
15. Describe how the environment “selects” for favorable traits, give an example
-Finch beak lab:The environment determines which organisms survive or die, based on adaptations that that organism has which help it survive. Ex. an organism has a certain beak to eat a certain seed. Those with the adaptation live the one that don’t die
16. Draw an evolutionary tree with 6 species remaining at the present time. Show two extinct species. Label each species using letters. Pick on pair of organism that are closely related. Pick another pair of species that are more distantly related. describe why the first pair are more closely related than the second pair. Use the term common ancestor