Tissues –Test Review
I. Introduction
A. Introduction
1. Cells are organized into____________________________________________
2. Usually tissues are separated by______________________________________
3. The four major types of tissues of the human body are____________________
II. Epithelial Tissues
A. General Characteristics
1. Epithelium covers ____________________, forms______________________
and lines__________________________________________________________
2. Epithelial tissue always has a free____________________________________
3. The underside of epithelial tissue is anchored by________________________
to connective tissue.
4. Epithelial tissue lacks______________________________________________
5. Because epithelial tissue cells__________________, it’s injuries heal rapidly.
6. Epithelial cells are_________________________________________packed,
with little__________________________________________________material.
7. In many places,_________________________ attach epithelial cells together.
8. Epithelial cell functions include______________________________________
9. Epithelial tissues are classified according to____________________________
10. Squamous cells are ________________, cuboidal cells are______________,
and columnar cells are_______________________________________________
11. Epithelial tissues with single layers of cells are_________________________
and those with two or more cell layers are________________________________
B. Simple Squamous Epithelium
1. Simple squamous epithelium consists of_______________________________
2. Substances pass___________________through simple squamous epithelium.
3. Examples of places you find simple squamous epithelium are________________
C. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
1. Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of________________________________
2. Simple cuboidal epithelium is located__________________________________
D. Simple Columnar Epithelium
1. Simple columnar epithelium is composed of____________________________
2. The cells of simple columnar can be _________________ or______________
3. Cilia extend from __________________ and move______________________
4. Cilia aid in______________________________________________________
5. Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium lines the________________________
6. The cells of simple columnar can secrete______________________________
and absorb_________________________________________________________
7. Microvilli are____________________________________________________
8. Microvilli function to______________________________________________
9. Goblet cells are ________________________ and secrete_________________
E. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
1. The cells of pseudostratified columnar epithelium appear________, but they are not.
2. The cells of pseudostratified columnar epithelium are fringed with__________
3. __________________________________scattered throughout secrete mucus.
4. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is located__________________________
F. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
1. Stratified epithelium is named for____________________________________
2. Cells nearest the free surface of stratified squamous are__________________, while cells in the deeper
layers are______________________________________
3. Stratified squamous that accumulates keratin is located___________________
4. Keratin is_______________________________________________________
5. Keratinization produces____________________________________________
6. Stratified squamous epithelium that does not accumulate keratin is located_______
G. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
1. Stratified cuboidal epithelium consists of______________________________
2. Stratified cuboidal epithelium is located__________________________________
H. Stratified Columnar Epithelium
1. Stratified columnar epithelium consists of_________________________________
2. Stratified columnar epithelium is located__________________________________
1. Transitional epithelium is specialized to_______________________________
2. Transitional epithelium forms the lining of_______________________________
3. When the wall of the bladder contracts, the transitional epithelium consists of __
4. When the wall of the bladder is distended, the transitional epithelium_________
J. Glandular Epithelium
1. Glandular epithelium is composed of cells that are specialized______________
2. Exocrine glands secrete their products into_____________________________
3. Endocrine glands secrete their products into____________________________
4. An example of a unicellular exocrine gland is___________________________
5. Multicellular exocrine glands are divided into____________________________
6. A simple gland has an_________duct while a compound gland has a ______duct.
7. Tubular glands are________________________________________________
8. Alveolar glands are_______________________________________________
9. Merocrine glands release___________________________________________
10. Apocrine glands release___________________________________________
11. Holocrine glands release__________________________________________
12. The secretion of a serous cell is_____________________________________
13. The secretion of a mucus cell is_____________________________________
III. Connective Tissues
A. General Characteristics
1. Connective tissues function to_______________________________________
2. Matrix of connective tissue is_______________________________________
3. Matrix consists of_________________________________________________
4. Connective tissues have varying degrees of____________________________
B. Major Cell Types
1. Examples of fixed cells are_________________________________________
2. An example of a wandering cell is____________________________________
3. _______________is the most common kind of fixed cell in connective tissues.
4. Fibroblasts produce_______________________________________________
5. Macrophages originate as__________________________________________
6. Macrophages are specialized to carry out______________________________
7. Mast cells are usually located near___________________________________
8. Heparin functions to_______________________________________________
9. Histamine functions to_____________________________________________
C. Connective Tissue Fibers
1. The three types of fibers produced by fibroblasts are______________________
2. Collagenous fibers are_____________________________________________
3. Collagenous fibers have_____________________________________strength.
4. Collagenous fibers are important components of_________________________
5. Dense connective tissue contains abundant_____________________________
6. Loose connective tissue has sparse___________________________________
7. Elastic fibers are composed of_______________________________________
8. Elastic fibers are common in body parts that____________________________
9. Examples of places you find elastic fibers are_____________________________
10. Reticular fibers are very thin_______________________________________
11. They are _______________________ and form__________________________
D. Categories of Connective Tissues
1. The two categories of connective tissues are______________________________
2. Connective tissue proper includes______________________________________
3. Specialized connective tissue includes__________________________________
E. Loose Connective Tissue
1. Loose connective tissue is located_____________________________________
2. Most cells of loose connective tissue are_______________________________
3. Loose connective tissue functions to___________________________________
F. Adipose Tissue
1. Adipocytes are___________________________________________________
2. Adipose tissue is located____________________________________________
3. Adipose tissue functions to__________________________________________
G. Reticular Connective Tissue
1. Reticular connective tissue is composed of______________________________
2. Reticular connective tissue supports___________________________________
H. Dense Connective Tissue
1. Dense connective tissue consists of___________________________________
2. Subclasses of dense connective tissue are______________________________
3. Regular dense connective tissue binds________________________________
4. Irregular dense connective tissue is located____________________________
I. Elastic Connective Tissue
1. Elastic connective tissue consists of__________________________________
2. Elastic connective tissue is located___________________________________
J. Cartilage
1. Cartilage is a_____________________________________connective tissue.
2. Cartilage provides________________________________________________
3. Cartilage matrix is composed of_____________________________________
4. Cartilage cells are called___________________________________________
5. Lacunae are_____________________________________________________
6. Perichondrium is_________________________________________________
7. Cartilage lacks___________________________________________________
8. Three types of cartilage are_________________________________________
9. The most common type of cartilage is_________________________________
10. Hyaline cartilage has__________________________________in its matrix.
11. Hyaline cartilage is located________________________________________
12. Elastic cartilage has___________________________________in its matrix.
13. Elastic cartilage is located_________________________________________
14. Fibrocartilage has_____________________________________in its matrix.
15. Fibrocartilage is located___________________________________________
K. Bone
1. Bone is the most___________________________________connective tissue.
2. The hardness of bone is due to_______________________________________
3. Bone functions to_________________________________________________
4. Bone cells are____________________________________________________
5. Lamella are______________________________________________________
6. Osteocytes form_______________________________around a central canal.
7. An osteon is_____________________________________________________
8. A central canal of an osteon contains_________________________________
9. Canaliculi are____________________________________________________
10. _________________________________________extend through canaliculi.
11. ___________________________attach osteocyte cellular processes together
so that materials can_________________________________________________
L. Blood
1. Blood is composed of______________________________________________
2. Plasma is_______________________________________________________
3. Cell types of blood are_____________________________________________
4. Red blood cells function to_________________________________________
5. White blood cells function to________________________________________
6. Platelets function to_______________________________________________
IV. Muscle Tissues
A. General Characteristics
1. Cells in muscle tissues are called_____________________________________
due to their________________________________________________________
2. Muscle tissues are________________, meaning they can shorten and thicken.
3. The three types of muscle tissue are__________________________________
B. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
1. Skeletal muscle tissue forms________________________________________
2. Skeletal muscle tissue is under conscious control and is therefore called______
3. Striations of skeletal muscle tissue are________________________________
4. Skeletal muscle tissue functions to___________________________________
C. Smooth Muscle Tissue
1. Smooth muscle tissue is called smooth because_________________________
2. Smooth muscle tissue is located______________________________________
3. Smooth muscle is involuntary because________________________________
D. Cardiac Muscle Tissue
1. Cardiac muscle tissue is located_____________________________________
2. An intercalated disc is_____________________________________________
3. Like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is________________________________
4. Like smooth muscle, cardiac muscle is________________________________
V. Nervous Tissues
A. Nervous tissues are found_______________________________
B. The basic cells of nervous tissue are_______________________
C. In addition to neurons, nervous tissue also includes___________
VI. Types of Membranes
A. Epithelial membranes are composed of____________________
B. Three types of epithelial membranes are______________________
C. Serous membranes line____________and secrete_________fluid.
D. Mucous membranes line________________and secrete________
E. The cutaneous membrane is also called________________