DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL APPARATUS
SOLVED PROBLEMS
1. A 350 KW, 500V, 450rpm, 6-pole, dc generator is built with an armature
diameter of 0.87m and core length of 0.32m. The lap wound armature has
660 conductors. Calculate the specific electric and magnetic loadings.
Result:
Specific electric loading,
ac = 28173 amp.cond/m
Specific magnetic loading, Bav = 0.6929 Wb/m
2. The output co-efficient of 1250KVA, 300 rpm, synchronous generator is
200KVA/m2-rps. (a) find the values of main dimensions (D,L) of the machine
if the ratio of length to diameter is 0.2. Also calculate the value of main
dimensions if (b) specific loading are decreased by 10% each with speed
remaining the same as in part (a). (c) speed is decreased to 150 rpm with
specific loading remaining the same as in part (a). Assume the same ratio of
length to diameter. Comment upon the results.
Given data
C0 = 200KVA/m3-rps
Q = 1250 KVA
L/D = 0.2
NS = 300 rpm (ns = 300/60rps)
Result
Case (a)
Case (b)
Case (c)
D = 1.842m
D2 = 1.976m
D3 = 2.32m
L = 0.3684m
L2 = 0.3952m
L3 = 0.464m
3. A20 -hp, 440 Volt, 4-pole, 50Hz, 3 phase induction motor is built with a
stator bore 0.25m and core length of 0.16m. The specific electric loading is
23000 ampere conductors per metre. Find the specific magnetic loading of
the machine. Assume full load efficiency of 84 percent and a power factor of
0.82. Using the data of the above machine determine the main dimensions
for a 15 hp, 460 volt, 6 pole, 50 Hz motor.
Given Data
Machine
I
Machine II
20 HP
4 pole
15 HP
440 V
50 Hz
460 V
D = 0.25 m
3-phase
50 Hz
L = 0.16 m
6 pole
Ac = 23000 amp.cond/m
Result
Machine I Specific magnetic loading,
Bav = 0.3586 Wb/m2
Machine II Diameter of stator bore, D2 = 0.3024 m
Length of stator core,
L2 = 0.129 m
4. Calculate the main dimensions of 20 KW, 1000 rpm, dc motor. Given that
 = 0.37 Tesla and ac = 16000 amp.cond/m. Make the necessary
assumptions.
Given Data
P = 20 KW
N = 1000 rpm
ac = 16000 amp.cond/m
2
 = 0.37 Tesla
Bav = 0.37 Wb/m
Result
The Diameter of the armature, D = 0.3824 m
The length of the armature,
L = 0.1401 m
5. Determine suitable values for the number of poles, D and L for a 1000
KW, 500V, 300 rpm dc shunt generator. Assume average gap density = 1
Tesla and specific electric loading as 400 amp.cond/cm.
Given Data
P = 1000 KW
Bav = 1 Tesla = 1 Wb/m2
V = 500 V
ac = 400 amp.cond/cm = 40000 amp.cond/m
N = 300 rpm
Result
The main dimensions are D and L
The diameter of armature,
D = 1.32 m
The length of armature,
L = 0.29 m
6. Calculate the specific electric and magnetic loading of 100 HP, 300V, 3
phase, 50 Hz, 8 pole star connected, flame proof induction motor having
stator core length = 0.5 and stator bore = 0.66m. Turns/phase = 286.
Assume full load efficiency as 0.938 and pf as 0.86.
Given Data
100 Hp
 = 0.938
star connected
3000 V
L = 0.5 m
pf = 0.86
3 phase
D = 0.66 m
Tph = 286
50 Hz
Result
Specific electric loading,
ac = 14710 amp.cond./m.
Specific magnetic loading,
Bav = 0.22 Wb/m2
7. A 600 rpm, 50 Hz, 10000 V, 3 phase, synchoronous generator has the
following design data. Bav = 0.48 Wb/m2,  = 2.7 amp/mm2, slot space
factor = 0.35, number of slots = 144, slot size = 120 x 20 mm, D = 1.92 m
and L = 0.4 m. determine the KVA rating of the machine.
Given data
Bav = 0.48 Wb/m2
D= 1.92 m
slot space factor = 0.35
 = 2.7 A/mm2
L = 0.4 m
phase,
slots = 144
slot size = 120x20
600 rpm
10000 V
Result
KVA rating of the machine = 4025 KVA
8. A 40 HP, 1000 rpm dc motor has ac = 30000 amp.cond/m and Bav=0.44
Wb/m2. Estimate the HP of an 800 rpm dc motor which has Bav = 0.5
Wb/m2, the second machine has a current density 10% greater than that of
40 HP machine and the linear dimensions including those of slots are 20%
greater than 40 HP machine. Assume that both the motors has same
efficiency.
Given Data
Machine I
Machine II
HP1 = 40
N2 = 800 rpm
N1 = 1000 rpm
Bav2 = 0.5 Wb/m2
Ac1 = 30000 amp.cond./m
2 = 10% greater than 1.
Bav1 = 0.44 Wb/m2
Linear dimensions including slots are 20%
Greater
Result
The HP rating of machine II = 83 HP
9. Prove that the output of a dc machine with single turn coil is given by
3a E v ac KW, Where a, E, v, ac, p and N denote respectively the pair of
pN
armature paths, average voltage between adjacent commutator segment,
peripheral speed of the armature in m/sec., armature. Conductor/cm of
periphery, pair of poles and RPM.
2.1. Calculate the mmf required for one air gap of a dc machine with an axial
length of 20 cm (no ducts) and a pole are 18 cm. The slot pitch is 27 mm,
slot opening 12 mm, air gap 6 mm and the useful flux per pole 25 mWb.
Take carter's coefficient for slot as 0.3.
Given Data
L = 20 cm
bs = 18 cm
lg = 6 mm
ys = 27 mm
wo = 12 mm
Kcs = 0.3
 = 25 mWb
Result
MMF required for air-gap = 3846 AT.
2.2. A 15 KW, 230 V, 4- pole dc machine has the following data: armature
diameter = 0.25 m, armature core length = 0.125 m, length of air gap at pole
center = 2.5 mm, flux per pole = 11.7 x 10-3 Wb, (pole arc/pole pitch) = 0.66.
Calculate the mmf required for air gap(i) if the armature surface is
treated as smooth (ii) if the armature is slotted and the gap contraction
factor is 1.18.
Given Data
15 KW
D = 0.25 m
 = 11.7 x 10-3 Wb
lg = 2.5 mm
230 V
L = 0.125 m
 = 0.66
4 - pole
Kg = 1.18
Result
MMF for air gap with smooth armature = 1444 AT
MMF for air gap with slotted armature = 1704 AT
2.3. Determine the air-gap length of a dc machine from
particulars: gross-length of core = 0.12m, number of ducts =
mm wide, slot pitch = 25 mm, slot width = 10 mm, carter's
slots and ducts = 0.32, gap density at pole center = 0.7
the following
one and is 10
coefficient for
Wb/m2; field
mmf/pole = 3900 AT, mmf required for iron parts of magnetic circuit =
800AT,
Given Data
L = 0.12 m
ys = 25 mm
Bg = 0.7 Wb/m2
nd = 1
wt = 10 mm
mmf/pole = 3900 AT
wd = 10 mm
Kcs = Kcd = 0.32
mmf for iron = 800 AT
Result
Length of air gap = 4.7 mm
2.4. Find the permeability at the root of the teeth of a dc machine armature
from the following data: slot pitch = 2.1 cm, tooth width at the root = 1.07
cm, gross length = 32 cm, stacking factor = 0.9, real flux density at the root
of the teeth = 2.25 tesla, apparent flux density at the root = 2.36 tesla.
Given Data
Ys = 2.1 c.m
Breal = 2.25 tesla
Sf = 0.9
Wt = 1.07 cm
Bapp = 2.36 tesla
L = 32 cm
Result
The permeability at the root of the tooth at real flux density =
30.356 x 10-6 H/m.
2.5. Calculate the apparent flux density at a section of the teeth of an
armature of a dc machine from the following data at that section : slot pitch=
24 mm, slot width = tooth width = 12 mm, length of armature core including
5 ducts of 10 mm each = 0.38 m, iron stacking factor = 0.92. True flux
density in teeth at that section is 2.2 Wb/m2 for which the mmf is 70000
AT/m.
Given Data
ys = 24 mm
L = 0.38 m
Breal = 2.2 wb/m2
ws = 12 mm
ducts = 5 nos.
at = 70000 AT/m
wt = 12 mm
wd = 10 mm
Sf = 0.92
Result
Apparent flux density = 2.332 Wb/m2
3.1. Find the main dimensions of a 200KW, 250V, 6 pole, 1000 rpm
generator. The maximum value of flux density in the gap is 0.87 Wb/m2 and
the ampere conductors per metre of armature periphery are 31000. The
ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.67 and the efficiency is 91 percent.
Assume the ratio of length of core to pole pitch = 0.75
Given Data
200 KW
N = 1000 rpm
 = 0.67
2
250 V
Bg = 0.887 Wb/m
L/ = 0.75
6 pole
ac = 31000 amp.cond./m
 = 0.91
Result
The diameter of the armature, D = 0.57 m
The length of the armature, L = 0.22 m
3.2. Find the main dimensions and the number of poles of a 37 KW, 230V,
1400 rpm shunt motor so that a square pole face is obtained. The average
gap density is 0.5 Wb/m2 and the ampere conductors per metre are 22000.
The ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.7 and the full load efficiency is 90
percent.
Given Data
37 KW
Square pole face
 = 0.7
230 V
Bav = 0.5 Wb/m2
 = 90%
1400 rpm ac = 22000
Result
Number of poles, p = 4
Diameter of armature, D = 0.3 m
Length of armature, L = 0.165 m
3.3. Calculate the main dimensions of a 20Hp,
Given that bav = 0.37 Wb/m2 and ac = 16000
efficiency of 90%.
Given Data
20 Hp
Bav = 0.37 Wb/m2
400 V
ac = 16000 amp.cond./m
Result
Diameter of armature, D = 0.35 m
Length of armature, L = 0.128 m
1000 rpm, 400V, dc motor.
amp.cond./m. Assume an
N = 1000 rpm
 = 90%
3.4. Determine the diameter and length of armature core for a 55 KW, 110V,
1000 rpm, 4 pole shunt generator, assuming specific electric and magnetic
loadings of 26000 amp.cond./m and 05 Wb/m2 respectively. The pole arc
should be about 70% of pole pitch and length of core about 1.1 times the
pole arc. Allow 10 ampere for the field current and assume a voltage drop of
4 volts for the armature circuit. Specify the winding used and also
determine suitable values of the number of armature conductors and
number of slots.
Given Data
55 KW
Bav = 0.5 Wb/m2
N = 1000 rpm
110 V
ac = 26000 amp.cond./m
If = 10A
4 pole
b = 0.7 
IaRa = 4 Volts
Shunt generator L = 1.1 b
Result
Diameter of armature,
D = 0.355 m
Length of armature,
L = 0.215 m
Number of slots,
S = 38
Number of coils,
C = 38
Total armature conductors,
Z = 228
Conductors per slot
=6
Turns per coil
=3
3.5. A 4 pole, 25 Hp, 500V, 600 rpm series motor has an efficiency of 82%.
The pole faces are square and the ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.67. Tak
Bav= 0.55 Wb/m2 and ac = 17000 amp.cond./m.
Obtain the main
dimensions of the core and particulars of a suitable armature winding.
Given Data
4 pole
b/ = 0.67
25 HP
Bav = 0.55 Wb/m2
500 V
ac = 17000 amp.cond./m
Result
Diameter of armature, D = 0.337 m
Length of armature,
L = 0.177 m
Type of armature winding
= Wave
Number of slots,
S = 33
Number of coils,
C = 165
Conductors per slot
= 30
Number of turns per coil
=3
600 rpm
Series motor
Square pole face
3.6. A 4-pole, 400 V, 960 rpm, shunt motor has an armature of 0.3 m in
diameter and 0.2 m in length. The Commutator diameter is 0.22 m. Give
full details of a suitable winding including the number of slots, number of
commutator segments and number of conductors in each slot for an average
flux density of approximately 0.55 Wb/m2 in the air-gap.
Given Data
4 pole
D=0.3 m
L = 0.2 m
400 V
960 rpm
Dc = 0.22 m
Shunt motor
Bav = 0.55 Wb/m2
Result
Number of slots
= 30
Total armature conductors
= 960
Number of coils
= 120
Turns per coil
=4
Conductors per slot
= 32
Number of commutator segment
= 120
Commutator segment pitch
= 5.75 mm.
3.7. Draw the winding diagram in the developed form for a 4-pole, 12 slots
simplex lap connected dc generator with commutator having 12 segments.
Indicate the position of brushes.
3.8. Draw the winding diagram in developed form for a simplex lap wound 24
slots, 4 pole dc armature with 24 commutator segments. Show the position
of brushes.
3.9. Draw the winding diagram for a 4-pole, 13 slots, simplex wave
connected dc generator with a commutator having 13 segments. The
number of coil sides per slot is 2. Indicate the position of brushes.
3.10. A 4 pole simplex wave wound armature has 25 slots and 25 coils. The
commutator has 25 segments. Work out its winding details.
3.11. Design the shunt field winding of a 6 pole, 440 V, dc generator allowing
a drop of 15% in the regulator. The following diesign data are available.
MMF per pole = 7200; mean length of turn = 1.2 m; winding depth = 3.5 cm;
Watts per sq.m. of cooling surface = 650
Given Data
ATfl = 7200
d1 = d + 0.4 mm
Lmt = 1.2 m
 = 2   - cm = 2 x 10-8  - m
df = 3.5 cm = 0.035 m
p = 6; V = 440 V
2
qf = 650 W/m
drop in field regulator = 15 %
Result
Area of cross-section of field conductor,
af = 2.772 mm2
Diameter of bare conductor,
d = 1.88 mm
Diameter of insulated conductor,
d1 = 2.28 mm
Number of turns in field coil,
Tf = 1256 turns
Height of field coil,
hf = 0.195 m
Inner cooling surface of a field coil
= 0.2126 m2
Outer cooling surface of a field coil
= 0.255 m2
End cooling surface of a field coil
= 0.0143 m2
3.12. Calculate the size of the conductor and number of turns for the field
coil of a o6 poles, 460 V dc shunt motor. The coil is to supply 4000 AT at
the working temperature, where  = 0.02 micro - ohm - m. The length of the
inside turn is 0.74 m, the space factor of the winding is 0.52 and the
permissible dissipation per sq.m. of external surface (excluding the two ends)
is 1200 watts. Solution should not be attempted by assuming a numerical
value for the winding depth.
Given Data
ATfl = 4000
p=6
Li = 0.74 m
Hf = 0.13 m
Sf = 0.52
 = 0.02   - cm = 2 x 10-8  - m
2
qf = 1200 W/m
V = 460 V
Result
Number of turns in field coil,
Tf = 1043 turns
Area of cross-section of field conductor,
af = 0.982 mm2
3.13. Calculate the reactance voltage induced per coil a single turn two layer
winding with two conductors/slot, of a 250 KW, 6 pole lap wound dc
generator driven at 220 rpm. The number of armature conductors is 600.
The inductance per coil is 0.0057 mH. The brush covers one commutator
segment.
If the armature diameter is 1.6 m and core length is 0.3 m, determine
the flux density under the interpole. The length of interpole is 0.18 m.
Given Data
250 KW
N = 220 rpm
Z = 600
525 V
Lcoil = 0.0057 mH
L = 0.3 m
6 pole
tb = c
D = 1.6 m
Lap wound
Lip= 0.18 m
Tc = 1
Double layer winding
Two cond./slot
Result
Average reactance voltage
= 0.9952 Volts
Flux density under interpole = 0.15 Wb/m2
3.14. Determine the total commutator losses for a 1000 KW, 500V, 800 rpm,
10 pole generator. Given that commutator diameter = 1.0 m, current density
at brush contact = 75 x 10-3 A.mm2, brush pressure = 14.7 KN/m2,
coefficient of friction = 0.28, brush contact drop = 2.2 V.
Given Data
P = 1000 KW
Dc = 1.0 m
V = 500 V
-3
2
b = 75 x 10 A/mm
N = 800 rpm
Pb = 14.7 KN/m2
p = 10
 = 0.28
Vb = 2.2 v
Result
Total commutator loss = 13.596 KW.
3.15. Design a suitable commutator for a 350 KW, 600 rpm, 440 V, 6 pole dc
generator having an armature diameter of 0.75 m. The number of coils is
288. Assume suitable values wherever necessary.
Given Data
P = 350 KW
D = 0.75 m
p=6
V = 440 V
Nc = 288
N = 600 rpm
Result
Number of commutator segments
=
288
Diameter of commutator
=
0.48 m
Width of commutator segment
=
5.2 mm
Number of brushes
=
6
Thickness of brush
=
15.6 mm
Width of brush
=
38 mm
Length of commutator
=
0.3 m
4.1. Calculate the core and window areas required for a 1000 KVA,
6600/400 V, 50 Hz, single phase core type transformer.
Assume a
2
maximum flux density of 1.25 Wb/m and a current density of 2.5 A/mm2.
Voltage/turn = 30 V. Window space factor = 0.32
Given Data
KVAn = 1000
f = 50 Hz
Bm= 1.25 Wb/m2
V1 = 6600V
V2 = 400 V
 = 2.5 A/mm2
Et = 30 V
Kw = 0.32
1-phase
Core type
Result
Net core Area, Ai = 0.108 m2 = 0.108 x 106 mm2
Window Area, Aw = 0.0834 m2 = 0.0834 x 106 mm2
4.2. Estimate the main dimensions including winding conductor area of a
3=phase, -y core type transformer rated at 300 KVA, 6600/440 V, 50 Hz. A
suitable core with 3-steps having a circumscribing circle of 0.25 m diameter
and a leg spacing of 0.4 m is available. Emf/turn = 8.5V, =2.5 A/mm2
Kw=0.28, Sf=0.9 (stacking factor).
Given Data
S=phase,  - y
50 Hz
Et = 8.5 V
2
3-stepped core
 = 2.5 A/mm
Core type
300 KVA
d = 0.25
Kw = 0.28
leg spacing = 0.4 m
Sf = 0.9
6600/440V
Result
Number of primary turns/phase,
Tp= 776
Number of secondary turns/phase
Ts= 30
Area of cross-section of primary conductor,
ap= 6.06 mm2
Area of cross-section of secondary conductor,
as= 157.5 mm2
Net core area,
Ai= 0.0369 m2
Window area,
Aw= 0.067 m2
Height of window,
Hw= 0.15 m
Width of window,
Ww= 0.45 m
4.3. A-3phase, 50 Hz oil cooled core type transformer has the following
dimensions : Distance between core centers = 0.2 m. Height of window =
0.24 m Diameter of circumscribing circle = 0.14 m. The flux density in the
core = 1.25 Wb/ m2. The current density in the conductor = 2.5 A/mm2.
Assume a window space factor of 0.2 and the core area factor = 0.56. The
core is 2-stepped. Estimate KVA rating of the transformer.
Given Data
3-phase
D = 0.2m
 = 2.5 A/mm2
50 Hz
Hw = 0.24 m
Kw = 0.2
Core type
d = 0.14 m
Kc = 0.56
2
2=stepped core
Bm = 1.25 Wb/m
Result
The KVA rating of the transformer = 16.5 KVA
4.4. Determine the dimensions of core and window for a 5 KVA, 50 Hz, 1phase, core type transformer. A rectangular core is used with long side twice
as long as short side. The window height is 3 times the width. Voltage per
turn = 1.8 V. Space factor = 0.2,  = 1.8 A/mm2, Bm = 1 Wb/m2
Given Data
Q = 5 KVA
Core type
 = 1.8 A/mm2
F = 50 Hz
rectangular core
Bm = 1 W/mm2
1-phase
Et = 1.8 V
long side = 2 x short side
Hw = 3 Ww
Kw = 0.2
Result
The net core area, At
= 0.0081 m2
The dimensions of the core, a x b
= 0.134 x 0.067 m
The window area, Aw,
= 0.0154 m2
The dimensions of window, Hw x Ww = 0.2148 x0.0716 m
4.5. Determine the dimension of the core, the number of turns, the crosssection area of conductors in primary and secondary windings of a 100 KVA,
2200/480 V, 1-phase, core type transformer, to operate at a frequency of
50Hz, by assuming the following data. Approximate Volt/turn= 7.5 Volt.
Maximum flux density = 1.2 Wb/m2. Ratio of effective cross-sectional area
of core to square of diameter of circumscribing circle is 0.6. Ratio of height
to width of window is 2. Window space factor = 0.28. Current density = 2.5
A/mm2.
Given Data
100 KVA
50 Hz
Hw/Ww = 2
2200/480 V
Et = 7.5 V
1-phase
2
Kw = 0.28
Ai/d = 0.6
 = 2.5 A/mm2
Core type
Bm = 1.2 wb/m2
Result
Net core area, Ai
= 0.0281 m2
Diameter of circumscribing circle, d
= 0.2164 m
Window Area, Aw
= 0.0382 m2
Window dimension, Hw, Ww
= 0.2764 x 0.1382 m
Number of turns in primary
= 294 turns
Number of turns in secondary
= 64 turns
Area of cross-section of primary conductor = 18.18 mm2
Area of cross-section of secondary conductor
= 83.33 mm2
4.6. Calculate the dimension of the core, the number of turns and crosssectional area of conductors in the primary and secondary windings of a 100
KVA, 2300/400V, 50hz, 1-phase shell type transformer. Ratio of magnetic
and electric loadings equal to 480x10-8 (i.e. flux and secondary mmf at full
load). Bm = 1.1 Wb/m2,  = 2.2 A/mm2, kw= 0.3, Stacking factor = 0.9
Depth of stacked core = 2.6
Height of window = 2.5
Width of central limb
Width of window
Given Data
100 KVA
2300/400 V
1-phase
Shell type
m/AT = 480 x 10-8
Bm = 1.1 Wb/m2
 = 2.2 A/mm2
Kw = 0.3
Depth of core/width of central limb = 2.6
50 Hz
Hw/Ww = 2.5
Sf = 0.9
Result
Area of cross-section of core, Ai
= 0.0423 m2
Core cross-section, width x depth
= 0.1533 x 0.39859 m
Area of window, Aw
= 0.0293 m2
Window dimensions, Hw x Ww
= 0.2708 x 0.1083 m
Number of primary turns, Tp,
= 223 turns
Number of secondary turn, Ts
= 39 turns
Area of cross-section of primary conductor, ap
= 19.76 mm2
Area of cross-section of secondary conductor, as = 113.636 mm2
4.7. The tank of 1250 KVA, natural oil cooled transformer has the
dimensions length, width and height as 1.55 x 0.65 x 1.85 m respectively.
The full load loss = 13.1 KW, loss dissipation due to radiations = 6 W/m2-0C,
loss dissipation due to convection = 6.5 W/m2-0C, Improvement in
convection due to provision to tubes = 40 %, Temperature rise = 400C,
Length of each tube = 1 m, Diameter of tube = 50 mm. Find the number of
tubes for this transformer. Neglect the top and bottom surface of the tank as
regards the cooling.
Given Data
KVA = 1250
Lt = 1 m
dt = 50 mm
Tank dimension = 1.55 x 0.65 x 1.85 m
conv = 6.5 w/m2 – 0C
rad = 6 W/m2 –0C
Improvement in cooling = 40 %
Full load loss = 13.1 KW
Result
Total number of tubes = 160
4.8. A 250 KVA, 6600/400 v, 3-phase core type transformer has a total loss
of 4800 watts on full load. The transformer tank is 1.25 m in height and
1m x 0.5 m in plan. Design a suitable scheme for cooling tubes if the
average temperature rise is to be limited to 350 C. The diameter of the tube
is 50 mm and are spaced 75 mm from each other. The average height of the
tube is 1.05 m.
5.1. Determine the approximate diameter and length of stator core, the
number of stator slots and the number of conductors for a 11 KW, 400V, 3,
4-pole, 1425 rpm, delta connected induction motor. Bav = 0.45 Wb/m2,
ac=23000 amp. Cond/m, full load efficiency = 0.85, pf = 0.88, L/ = 1. The
stator employs a double layer winding.
Given Data
11 KW
1425 rpm
3
Bav = 0.45 Wb/m2
4-pole
ac = 23000 amp.cond/m
400 V
 = 0.85
delta connected
pf = 0.88
double layer winding
L/ = 1
Result
Diameter of stator
= 0.19 m
Length of stator
= 0.15 m
Number of stator slots
= 36
Total stator conductor
= 1080 or 1152
5.2. Estimate the stator core dimensions, number of stator slots and number
of stator conductors per slot for a 100 KW, 300 V, 50 Hz, 12 pole, star
connected slip ring induction motor.
Bav= 0.4 Wb/m2, ac = 25000
amp.cond/m,  = 0.9, pf = 0.9. Choose main dimensions to give best power
factor. The slot loading should not exceed 500 amp. Conductors.
Given Data
100 KW
3300 v
Bav = 0.4 Wb/m2
50 Hz
12 pole
ac = 25000 amp.cond/m
 = 0.9
pf = 0.9
slot loading < 500 amp.cond.
star connected
3 phase
Result
Diameter of stator
= 0.78 m
Length of stator
= 0.23 m
Number of stator slots = 144
Total stator conductors = 2880
5.3. Determine the D and L of a 70 Hp, 415V, 3-phase, 5-Hz, star connected,
6 pole induction motor for which ac = 30000 amp.cond/m and Bav = 0.51
wb/m2. Take  = 90 % and pf = 0.91. Assume  = L. Estimate the number of
stator conductors required for a winding in which the conduxtors are
connected in 2-parallel paths. Choose a suitable number of conductors/
slots, so that the slot loading does not exceed 750 amp. cond.
Given Data
70 HP
415 V
Bav = 0.51 Wb/m2
3-phase
50 Hz
ac = 30000 amp.cond/m
 = 0.9
pf = 0.91
star connected
6-pole
=L
slot loading < 750 amp.cond.
conductors are connected in 2-parallel paths.
Result
Diameter of stator
= 0.36 m
Length of rotor
= 0.19 m
Turns / phase
= 63
Number of stator slots = 54
Conductors / slot
= 14
5.4. Estimate the main dimensions, air-gap length, stator slots, stator turns
per phase and cross sectional area of stator and rotor conductors for a 3phase, 15 HP, 400 V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 975 rpm, induction motor. The motor
is suitable for star delta starting.
Bav = 0.45 Wb/m2, ac = 20000
amp.cond/m, L\ = 0.85,  = 0.9, pf = 0.85
Result
Diameter of stator
= 0.275 m
Length of stator
= 0.12 m
Turns / phase
= 240 turns
Number of stator slots
= 36
Number of rotor slots
= 33
Area of cross-section of stator conductor = 4.061 mm2
Area of cross-section of rotor bar
= 113 mm2
Area of cross-section of end ring
= 200 mm2
5.5. Design a cage rotor for a 40 HP, 3-phase, 400V,50 Hz, 6 pole, delta
connected induction motor having a full load  of 87% and a full load pf of
0.85. Take D = 33 cm and L = 17 cm. Stator slots – 54, conductors/slot =
14. Assume suitable the missing data if any.
Result
Length of rotor
= 0.17 m
Diameter of rotor
= 0.3286 m
Length of air-gap
= 0.7 mm
5.6. A 3-phase Induction motor has 54 stator slots with 8 conductors per
slot and 72 rotor slots with 4 conductors/slot. Find the number of stator
and rotor turns. Find the voltage across the rotor slip rings, when the rotor
is open circuited and at rest. Both stator and rotor are star connected and a
voltage of 400 volt is applied across the stator terminals.
Result
Stator turns/phase
= 72
Rotor turns/phase
= 48
Rotor emf between slip rings at standstill = 266.7 Volts.
5.7. A 90 KW, 500 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase, 8-pole induction motor has a star
connected stator winding accommodated in 63 slots with 6 conductors/slot.
If the slip ring voltage on open circuit is not to exceed 400 volt, find a
suitable rotor winding by estimating
number of slots, number of
conductors/slot, coil span, slip-ring voltage on open circuit, approximate full
load current per phase in rotor. Assume  = 0.9 and pf = 0.86.
Result
Number of stator slots
= 63
Number of rotor slots
= 48
Emf between slip rings
= 381 Volts
Rotor turns/phase
= 48
Rotor conductor/slot
=6
Rotor current/phase
= 149.62 a
Cross-section of rotor conductor
= 30 mm2.
5.8. Determine for a 250 KVA, 1100 V, 12 pole, 500 rpm, 3-phase
alternator(1) air gap diameter, (2) core length, (3) Number of stator
conductors, (4) Number of stator slots and (5) cross-section of stator
conductors. Assuming average gap density as 0.6 Wb/m2 and specific
electric loading of 30,000 amp cond/m. L/ = 1.5.
Result
Diameter of stator
= 0.7348 m
(Air-gap diameter)
Length of stator
= 0.293 m
(core length)
Number of stator conductor
= 540
Number of stator slots
= 108
Cross-section of stator conductor
= 37.48 mm2
5.9. Determine the output coefficient for a 1500 KVA, 2200 volt, 3-phase,
10-pole, 50 Hz, star connected alternator with sinusoidal flux density
distribution. The winding has 600 phase spread and full pitch coils. ac =
30000 amp.cond/m, Bav = 0.6 Wb/m2. If the peripheral speed of the rotor
must not exceed 100 m/sec and the ratio pole pitch to core length is to be
between 0.6 and 1, find D and L. Assume an air gap length of 6 mm. Find
also the approximate number of stator conductors.
Result
Output coefficient
= 189 KVA/m2-rps
Diameter of stator
= 1.285 m
Length of stator
= 0.48 m
Total number of stator conductors = 312.