Cornell Notes
Lecture, reading/chapter/novel/article
during class, power point, movies (if need
to collect info.)
Name: ___________________________________
Topic: Ch. 10 Section 1
Weathering
Date: ____________________________
Class: _________________ Period: ________
Essential Question: Compare & contrast mechanical and chemical weathering.
Questions/Main Ideas:
What is weathering?
Notes:
_____________________ is the process by which rocks
are _________________ down. This can be either:
_______________ or _______________________
Mechanical weathering _____________________ is the _______________ of
is also known as
rock into __________________ pieces by a
___________
____________ means.
Weathering.
For example: ___________, ___________, __________,
______________, _________________, _____________
Which of the following
A. Water
C. Wind
things cannot cause
B. Acid
D. Animals
mechanical weathering?
Ice Wedging
____________ seeps into the cracks in ___________.
Then when it ___________ it expands. This causes the
cracks to __________________.
Examples of ice wedging: ________________
Abrasion
The ______________ or rocks due to them rubbing
against other ___________________ or particles.
What are three ways
______________, ______________ and _____________.
abrasion occurs in
nature?
Plants
Some _______________ can easily _______________
through _____________.
Animals
Burrowing _____________ such as ___________,
earthworms, ___________, coyotes, and rabbits cause a
lot of _____________________.
Chemical weathering is the ______________ by which a
Chemical Weathering
rock is ____________ down as a result of a chemical
reaction.
Water
_______________ is the main ingredient in
_______________ weathering.
It may take _____________ of years, but water can even
break down granite.
Acid Precipitation
Acid can also be found
in groundwater or in the
air.
Why does acid
precipitation weather
rocks faster than normal
precipitation?
Explain the difference
between mechanical and
chemical weathering.
Describe how humans
contribute to the process
of chemical weathering.
Draw a picture of ice
wedging
Acid precipitation is any __________, __________, or
_____________ that contains large amounts of
____________.
All __________________ is _____________ acidic,
however, acid precipitation contains _________ than
normal.
___________________ is the chemical ___________
that occurs when elements ______________ with
oxygen.
Summary: Ice wedging is a form of _____________ weathering in which water
seeps into rock cracks and then freezes and expands.
Wind, ___________, and gravity cause ________________ weathering by abrasion.
Animals and _________________ cause mechanical weathering by turning the soil
and breaking apart rocks. Water, acids, and ___________ chemically weather rock
by weakening the bonds between mineral grains of the rock.
Cornell Notes
Lecture, reading/chapter/novel/article
during class, power point, movies (if need
to collect info.)
Name: ___________________________________
Topic: Ch.10 Section 2 Rates of
Weathering
Date: ____________________________
Class: _________________ Period: ________
Essential Question: How does the composition of rock affect the rate of weathering?
Questions/Main Ideas:
Notes:
Rates of Weathering
________________ rocks weather ____________ than
______________ rocks.
This is also called ___________________ weathering.
Devils Tower in Wyoming is an example.
What happened to the
Long ago, ________________ cooled in the center of a
Devils Tower?
__________________ to form igneous rock.
Over time, the _________ rock (softer rock) weathered
away leaving only the _____________ inner rock.
A rock will have a lower A. Is in a humid climate.
rate of weathering when B. Is a very hard rock, such as granite.
the rock…
C. Is at a high elevation.
D. Has more surface area exposed to weathering.
Surface Area
Because _______________ occurs on the ___________
of rocks, the _____________ surface area exposed to
weather the _________________ a rock will weather.
Climate affects
Climate is _____________ weather condition in an area.
weathering!
What happens in warm, Chemical weathering occurs _____________ in warmer,
humid climates?
wetter ________________.
Georgia and Florida has a warm, humid climate
Water & Temperature
More ______________ and lower ______________
affect mechanical weathering.
Mountain Tops
If water ______________ and thaws often then ice
wedging occurs more.
Mountain tops weather ____________ because they are
exposed to _____________wind, ____________, and ice.
Why does the peak of a
mountain weather faster
than the rocks at the
bottom of the mountain?
Summary: _______________ rocks weather more ___________ than softer rocks.
The ______________ surface area of a rock that is exposed to _______________,
the ________________ the rock will be worn down. Chemical weathering occurs
faster in ______________, humid climates. Weathering occurs ____________ at
high elevations because of an increase in ice, _______________, and wind.
Cornell Notes
Lecture, reading/chapter/novel/article
during class, power point, movies (if need
to collect info.)
Name: ___________________________________
Topic: Ch. 10 Section 3 From
Bedrock to Soil
Date: ____________________________
Class: _________________ Period: ________
Essential Question: What is the source of soil?
Questions/Main Ideas:
Notes:
What is soil?
____________ is a loose mixture small _____________
fragments, organic material, __________, and air that can
support the _______________ of vegetation.
Soil (weathered ____________ fragments) can be made
of many different ______________ of rock. The type of
rock that the _____________ was made from is called
______________ rock.
All Soil is Different!
Parts of Soil
Bedrock
Humus
Soil Horizons
Bedrock is the layer of ____________ beneath the soil.
Some _____________ is made from bedrock, so it
remains above the ________________ rock
Humus is the _____________, organic material in soil
that is formed from decayed remains of _____________
and ___________________________.
Soil is usually __________________ with humus-rich
_______ on top, sediment below that, and bedrock on
bottom.
What is the source of
mineral fragments in
soil?
The proportion of
A. Texture
different sized particles B. Fertility
in soil determines the
C. Structure
soil’s…
D. Horizon
Summary: ________________ is formed from the weathering of bedrock.
__________ texture affects how soil can be worked for farming and how well water
passes through it. The ability of soil to provide nutrients so that plants can survive
and grow is called _________fertility. The pH of a soil influences which
__________ plants can take up from the soil. Different ______________ have
different types of ___________________, depending on the temperature and
rainfall.
Cornell Notes
Lecture, reading/chapter/novel/article
during class, power point, movies (if need
to collect info.)
Name: ___________________________________
Topic: Ch. 10 Section 4 Soil
Conservation
Date: ____________________________
Class: _________________ Period: ________
Essential Question: What are three important benefits that soil provides?
Questions/Main Ideas:
Notes:
What is Soil
Conservation?
Soil _______________ is a method to maintain the
fertility of _____________ by preventing ____________
and the ____________ of nutrients.
Soil provides _________________ to plant life.
If the soil loses these nutrients then the plants will not
____________.
All animals get ___________________ from plants.
Why is Soil Important?
How can unhealthy soil
affect us?
Housing and Water
Soil is also important to providing ______________ for
animals that live in soil.
It also ___________ water for plants and animals, and
helps __________________ flooding.
When soil is overused it loses its ___________________.
What is land
degradation?
How could soil be
overused?
Why should we take care Plants _____________________ grow in infertile soil.
of our soil?
Without plants and moisture the _____________ can be
_________________ or _____________________ away.
What is erosion?
Erosion is the process by which , water, or gravity
____________ soil and sediment from one location to
another.
This happens when land is left _________________.
What are some soil
conservation methods?
This happened in south __________________ long ago.
The result was _______________________ Canyon.
What was once _________________ fields is now a 150
ft. deep canyon.
There are many ways that farmers help prevent erosion.
1. Contour _________________
2. Terracing
3. No-________________ farming
4. ____________ crops
5. ____________ rotation
Describe & Draw a
picture of Contour
Plowing
Describe & Draw a
picture of Terracing
Describe & Draw a
picture of No-Till
Farming
Describe & Draw a
picture of Cover Crops
Describe & Draw a
picture of Crop Rotation
Crop Rotation- Rotating crops from one year to the next.
Why is Soil important?
How does crop rotation
benefit soil?
Summary: _________________ is important for ________________ to grow, for
______________________ to live in, and for _________________ to be stored.
Soil erosion and soil damage can be prevented by no-_______________ farming,
contour ___________________, terracing, using ________________ crops, and
practicing ________________________ rotation.