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World I Ancient Greece Test Review Packet
Directions: Answer each question in complete sentences.
1. What is Greek geography like?
It encouraged trade, contributed to the rise of independent city-states, and led to the
establishment of colonies.
2. How were Greek gods and goddesses were connected to city-states?
Greek gods and goddesses were the guardians of each city-state.
3. What distinguished Greek gods and goddesses from humans?
Greek gods and goddesses were immortal and had special powers.
4. Who lead the Macedonians in their conquest of the world?
Alexander the Great led the Macedonians in their conquest.
5. What did Ancient Greeks export?
Ancient Greeks exported olive oil, marble, and wine.
6. What geographic feature linked Greece to the outside world?
Seas linked Greece to the outside world.
7. What did Sparta and Athens have in common?
Sparta and Athens both had few rights for women.
8. Who dominated Greece after the Persian Wars?
Greece was dominated by Athens after the Persian wars.
9. Who fought in the Peloponnesian War?
Athens and Sparta fought in the Peloponnesian War.
10. What was the center of the Hellenistic World?
Alexandria was the center of the Hellenistic World.
11. What was the result of the Peloponnesian War?
As a result of the Peloponnesian War, Athenian greatness ended.
12. What happened at the Battle of Thermopylae?
At the Battle of Thermopylae, Spartans defended their position until they were all dead.
13. What were the characteristics of the Macedonian army?
The Macedonian army used phalanxes and pikes and had well-trained, professional
soldiers.
14. Where was Philip II, Alexander’s father, killed?
Philip II was killed at his daughter’s wedding.
15. What are the major characteristics of the ancient Olympic Games?
The major characteristics were that women could not watch the games, they honored
Zeus, and the first day of the festival was devoted to sacrifices.
16. In Greek tragedies, what was typically the tragic flaw that brought down the tragic hero?
The tragic flaw was typically excessive pride.
17. What did Greek comedies make fun of?
Greek comedies made fun of respected people, customs, and politics.
18. Which cultures contributed to the new Hellenistic civilization?
Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures contributed to the Hellenistic civilization.
19. What were the major characteristics of Athens?
Athens had slavery, traded with other city-states, and had a democracy.
20. How were the Olympic Games held to honor?
The Olympic games were held to honor Zeus.
21. What were the major characteristics of Sparta?
Sparta traded among themselves, had a system of strict control over people’s lives, and an
oligarchy system of government.
22. What was the education system like in Athens?
The education system in Athens consisted of boys and girls learning everything their
mothers could teach them.
23. Who and what were the common targets of Greek comedies?
The common targets of comedies were politics, customs, ideas, and respected people.
24. What was the period of time between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars called?
The period between those wars was called the Golden Age of Greece.
25. What did Draco do to reform Greece?
Draco wrote the first legal code for Greece.
26. What type of government existed in Sparta?
Sparta had an oligarchy form of government.
27. What was Solon known for?
Solon was known for introducing political and economic reforms to Athens.
28. What is a phalanx?
A phalanx is a type of military formation, with 16 men across and 16 men back.
29. Who led the Persians that invaded Greece in 480 B.C. and were defeated at sea near Salamis?
Xerxes led the Persians in this invasion.
30. Classical art exhibits what major characteristics?
Classical art exhibits order, balance, and proportion.
31. During the Peloponnesian War, what killed more than 1/3 of the Athenians, and Pericles?
During this war, disease killed more than 1/3 of the Athenians.
32. Who won the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta won the Peloponnesian War.
33. Who wrote The Republic?
The Republic was written by Plato.
34. Why was Alexandria, Egypt, important during the Hellenistic period?
Alexandria was important because it became the foremost center of commerce and
Hellenistic culture.
35. What geographic feature separated the different regions within Greece?
Mountains separated the different regions of Greece.
36. Why was it so easy for Macedonia to conquer Greece?
It was so easy because the Macedonian army was well-trained, Greece was weak after the
Peloponnesian War, and Greek city-states failed to unify in time to stop the invasion.
37. After conquering Greece, what other regions did Alexander the Great conquer?
Alexander when on to conquer Egypt, the Indus Valley, and Persia after Greece.
38. What was Archimedes known for?
Archimedes is known for developing an understanding of the use of the lever and pulley.
39. What was a major contribution of ancient Athens to Western civilization?
The major contribution of ancient Athens was democracy.
40. How was the democracy of ancient Athens different from democracy today in the United States?
Democracy in Athens only allowed male citizens to vote directly on proposed laws.
41. What was emphasized in the education of Spartan youths in ancient Greece?
Spartan education emphasized physical strength and military skill.
42. Who first wrote down (codified) the laws of Athens providing that membership on the Athenian
Council be open to all male citizens rather than only men of wealth?
Draco wrote down the first laws of Athens.
43. What role does love play in Greek myths and would they be the same without love?
Love helped heroes succeed on their journeys because maidens fell in love with them and
told them when rulers were plotting to kill them. Without love, heroes would have been
killed or stopped from succeeding on their quest.
44. What were reasons why Greece established colonies throughout the Mediterranean region?
Greece established colonies to help ease overcrowding and provide land that was
sufficient for farming.
45. What were similarities and difference between Sparta and Athens?
Sparta and Athens both had similar geography (mountains, near seas) and had limited
rights for women. They were different because Sparta had an oligarchy, no slavery, and
traded only with themselves. Athens had a democracy, slavery, and traded with others.
46. Was Alexander the Great a hero or a villain? Why?
This is an opinion, but must be backed up with FACTS from your worksheet that day.
Be able to identify the correct god or goddess for each description of powers.
Zeus – chief ruler of the gods, god of the sky and thunder
Apollo – god of the sun, truth, music, and healing; Artemis’ twin brother
Hera – Zeus’ wife, goddess of marriage
Aphrodite – goddess of love and marriage
Hades – god of the underworld and precious metals
Athena – goddess of war, city, wisdom, and law
Artemis – goddess of the hunt; Apollo’s twin sister
Poseidon – god of the sea
Be able to match the five types of government to their appropriate definition.
Aristocracy – rule by a small group of land-owning nobles.
Direct democracy – rule by every citizen.
Indirect democracy – rule by representatives selected by all the citizens.
Oligarchy – rule by a small group of people.
Monarchy – rule by one person, king, or queen.
Be able to match characteristics of Sparta and Athens to the correct city-state.
See #45 above for sample characteristics.
Be able to match the seven significant figures we studied to their major achievements.
Sophocles – used three actors, painted backdrops, wrote Oedipus Rex, born in Athens.
Plato – wrote the Republic, a philosopher, founded The Academy, born in Athens.
Aristotle – founded the Lyceum, wrote History of Animals, classified 500 animals.
Hippocrates – known as the “father of medicine” and promoted ethics in the field.
Ptolemy – an astronomer, placed the earth at the center of the solar system.
Euclid – a mathematician who specialized in geometry, wrote the Elements
Archimedes – worked with levers, pulleys, invented the Archimedes screw and catapult
Be able to match Philip II, Darius III, Alexander, and Demosthenes to their descriptions.
Philip II – Macedonian, after his death his son took control of his empire
Darius III – Persian, one of the many rulers who was taken out of power by Alexander
Alexander – Macedonian, welcomed to Egypt as a liberator, after his death his empire
was split between three of his generals
Demosthenes – Greek, his warnings of invading foreign armies were ignored
Be able to match the three types of Greek columns to their name.
Doric – plain, simple, and boring capitols
Ionic – scrolled capitols
Corinthian – capitols with fancy leaves