Japanese Foreign Policy
Political Science 319
Classes: Tue & Fri 15:15-16:45
Fall 2010
Office Hrs: Tue & Fri 13:00-14:30
Instructor: Tadashi Anno
e-mail: t-anno@sophia.ac.jp
Faculty of Liberal Arts
Phone: 3238-4027
Sophia University
Office: Rm. 525, Building #10
Course outline: This course provides a survey of modern Japanese foreign policy. Its objectives
are 1) to familiarize students with the basic outline of the history of modern Japan’s foreign relations; 2) to
give students an understanding of some of the major foreign policy challenges that Japan faces today.
Although this course does not presuppose any prior knowledge of the subject, ideally, students registering
for this course should completed at least one course in international relations (PS 205, PS353, PS354, or
something equivalent). Those who have not might wish to consult introductory textbooks of international
relations (such as Robert Jackson & Gerog Sorensen, Introduction to International Relations or Joshua S.
Goldstein and Jon C. Pevehouse, International Relations) when they encounter unfamiliar concepts.
Knowledge of modern Japanese/ Asian history and politics is naturally helpful. An extremely useful online
source is “The World and Japan” database found in the website of Professor Akihiko Tanaka of the
University of Tokyo (http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/index.html) . This webpage provides a wealth
of documents on Japan’s foreign policy. Many of the key documents are translated into English (and
Chinese in some cases).
The course focuses on primarily on political and security aspects of foreign policy. Foreign
economic relations (including foreign trade policy, international monetary policy, etc.) will be touched on
only in relation to the general directions of foreign policy, as proper understanding of foreign economic
policy requires an understanding of international political economy. Those students wishing an introduction
to Japan’s foreign economic relations are advised to take international political economy (PS354), perhaps
in combination with this course.
We start from the discussion of the history of modern Japanese foreign policy, and move on to
major issues in postwar Japanese foreign policy. Topics covered will include the international context of
Japanese foreign policy, the foreign policy making process, Japan’s relations with its most important
neighbors, and selected case-studies on contemporary topics such as Japan’s now failed bid to become a
permanent member of the UNSC, and the continuing legacy of World War II (topics are subject to change).
Course requirements include attendance (15%), two or three few short quizzes on basic facts
(15%) take-home mid-term examination (30%: scheduled for distribution on Dec. 10), and a final paper
(40%: due in my office by 5pm, January 31). In order to receive a passing grade, students must fulfill all
the requirements listed above (though missing a quiz doesn’t result in a failing grade). Although attendance
counts for only 15% of the grade, you will receive a failing grade if you miss too many classes without
compelling reason.
Mid-term questions will be made available beforehand. If they so choose, students are allowed to
submit a mid-term paper instead of taking the mid-term take-home examination (due before class on
January 7, 2011). In this case, the mid-term paper will account for 40% of the student’s grade, while the
final will account for 30%. The topic of the mid-term paper should concern historical aspects of Japan’s
foreign relations, and the students should consult the instructor individually. One option is to write a paper
on the subject of how your family has been affected by changes in Japan’s relations with the outside world
– “International Relations in my Family.”
The final paper may be written either as an answer to one of the questions that I give you before
the winter recess, or as an independent research paper on a topic related to contemporary Japanese foreign
policy. If you exercise this latter option, be sure to consult the instructor by December 14.
There are two required textbooks for the course – Kenneth Pyle, Japan Rising (New York:
Public Affairs, 2007) and Kent Calder, Pacific Alliance (Yale UP, 2009). These books are not available at
Enderle bookstore, but they are available from www.amazon.co.jp .
Course Schedule and Readings
Readings in bold types are requied. Those in plain types are recommended.
Introduction: The Study of Japanese Foreign Policy (Oct. 5)
Seizaburo Sato, “Foundations of Modern Japanese Foreign Policy” in Robert Scalapino, ed.,
Modern Japan’s Foreign Policy, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977, pp.
367-389.
PART I: The Historical Background
1) On the Periphery of China and the West (Oct. 8-11)
Tadashi Anno The Liberal World Order and Its Challengers (Ph.D. Dissertation, UC
Berkeley, 1999), Chapter 4, Sections 1 & 2
Those who have not taken PS205 should read the following two pieces instead of the Anno piece.
Samuel Kim, “The Traditional Chinese Image of the World Order,” from Kim, China, the
United Nations, and World Order, Princeton U.P., 1979, pp. 19-48.
Sato, Seizaburo, “Response to the West: Korean and Japanese Patterns” in Albert M.
Craig, ed. Japan: A Comparative View, Princeton U.P., 1979, pp. 105-129.
2)
Empire, Expansion, and Defeat (Oct. 15-Nov. 5)
Kenneth Pyle, Japan Rising: The Resurgence of Japanese Power and Purpose (New York:
Public Affairs, 2007), pp. 66-209
Okazaki Hisahiko, A Grand Strategy for Japanese Defense, (Lanham, MD: University Press
of America, 1986), pp. vii-71, or 岡崎久彦、｢戦略的思考とは何か｣(中公新書、
1983 年、8-108 頁
Jack Snyder, Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and External Ambition, pp. 1-20;
31-60; 112-152.
Mark R. Peattie, “The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945,” in Cambridge History of
Japan, Vol. 6, Cambridge U.P., 1988, pp. 217-270.
Major Documents on Prewar Japanese Foreign Policy (Moodle)
Take-Home Mid-Term Assignment (Distributed Nov. 5, due Nov. 12)
Recommended Readings
石光真清 『石光真清の手記』全四巻『城下の人』
、『曠野の花』、
『望郷の歌』、『誰
のために』
、中公文庫
(one of the greatest of Japanese autobiographies; exciting
story told vividly; excellent for getting a “feel” for Japanese history from the
Meiji to the early-Showa era. Not available on Moodle)
平川祐弘
｢西洋の衝撃と日本｣(講談社学術文庫､1985 年) (A very readable analysis of
Japan’s multifaceted responses to the “Western impact” focusing on various individuals,
ranging from politicians and military officers to writers to artists. Not on Moodle)
岡崎久彦 「陸奥宗光とその時代」｢小村寿太郎とその時代｣｢幣原喜重郎とその時代｣｢重
光･東郷とその時代｣「吉田茂とその時代」(東京：PHP 文庫、2003 年)
The ex-diplomat Okazaki Hisahiko’s stab at modern Japanese diplomatic history –
vivid, provocative, and consistently engaging, Okazaki brings life to history which, in
standard textbooks, comes out as dusted and antiquarian. The English translation of
(most of) the first volume is available free from the Okazaki Institute
(http://www.okazaki-inst.jp/official/new/2010/05/post.html)
PART II: Postwar Japanese Foreign Policy (November-December)
1) The Context of Postwar Japan’s Foreign Policy (Nov. 5-9)
THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT – AN OVERVIEW OF POSTWAR POLICY
Michael Green, Japan’s Reluctant Realism, pp. 1-34.
Kenneth Pyle, Japan Rising, pp. 210-309
FOREIGN POLICY DECISION-MAKING IN POST-WAR JAPAN (Nov. 12)
Michael Green, Japan’s Reluctant Realism, pp. 35-75.
2) From Dependence to “Global Partnership”? US-Japanese Relations (Nov. 16-26)
Michael Green, “The Balance of Power” in Steven E. Vogel, ed., US-Japan Relations in a
Changing World (Washington: Brookings Institution, 2001), pp. 9-34.
Kent Calder, Pacific Alliance: Reviving US-Japan Relations (Yale UP, 2009), pp. 31-157
No Class on Nov. 23 – National Holiday
3) From Cold War to Cold Peace: Soviet/Russian-Japanese Relations (Nov. 30-Dec.7)
Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, The Northern Territories Dispute and Russo-Japanese Relations
(Berkeley: UC Regents, 1998), Vol. 1, pp. 13-141, Vol. 2, pp. 512-535, 536-567.
Michael Green, Reluctant Realism, pp. 145-166.
Tadashi Anno, “Peripheral Nationalism in Contemporary Russia: The Case of Sakhalin
Oblast Duma”
4) Conflict and Amity in Sino-Japanese Relations (Dec. 10-21)
Green, Reluctant Realism, pp. 77-109.
Pyle, Japan Rising, pp. 310-339
Peter H. Gries, China’s New Nationalism: Pride, Politics, and Diplomacy (University of
California Press, 2005), pp. 43-53, 69-115.
Bruce Gilley, “Not So Dire Straits: How the Finlandization of Taiwan Benefits US
Security,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 89, No. 1 (January/February 2010), pp. 44-60.
Reinhard Drifte, Japan’s Security Relations with China since 1989 (London: Routledge,
2002) pp. 12-139.
5) Korean-Japanese Relations (Jan. 7-14)
Green, Reluctant Realism, pp. 111-144.
Victor D. Cha, Alignment despite Antagonism: The US-Korea-Japan Security Triangle
(Stanford UP, 1999), pp. 1-58; 199-232.
Tadashi Anno, “The North Korean Nuclear Crisis and US Alliances in Asia,” Original
English version of an essay published in the Korean journal, Freedom Review
Vol. 41, No. 12 (December 2006), pp. 38-44.
岡崎久彦、
『隣の国で考えたこと』
（中公文庫、1983 年）(Another thoughtful essay by Okazaki
-- discusses the sources of postwar Japan’s disregard for Korea, the proximity of
Japanese and Korean cultures and languages. Especially interesting is his comparison
of Korean and Japanese history and its implications for Japan-ROK relations)
6) Prospects for the Future (Jan. 18-21)
Kenneth Pyle, Japan Rising, pp. 340-374
Kent Calder, Pacific Alliance, pp. 1-30, 158-238