Worksheet answers—Chapter 2
Worksheet 2.1—What do we know about matter?
1
2
a
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Plastic
Egg
Gas bubbles in
lemonade
Aluminium can
Honey
Air
Smoke
Lava
Helium
Ice
Fresh water
Metal
Milk
b
Slime and Bubble wrap
a
plastic, aluminium, ice, smoke (carbon particles mostly), ice, metal
b
gas bubbles in the lemonade, air, helium
3
Ice and fresh water
4
a
Lava is a formed from rocks that have been heated so that they change into liquid form. The
particles in the lava would be further apart than they are in the solid rocks.
b
Because lava is a liquid it can flow from one place to another and its shape can change to that
of its container. It would not be able to be compressed.
a
The heat causes expansion.
5
b.
6
a
Matter
Not matter
Car Exhaust
Light Beam
Tree
Rock
Plasma
Oxygen
Air
Football
Oxygen
Oxford Big Ideas Science 1
ISBN 978 0 19 556715 1
© Oxford University Press Australia
7
b
Mass and volume
a
T
b
T
c
T
d
T
e
T
f
F
g
T
h
T
i
T
j
F
k
F
you can e.g. at the poles there is water vapour, ice and liquid water all at the same
temperature
l
T
liquids are incompressible
its boiling point decreases at lower air pressures
9
Applying sufficient force can change the shape of some solids.
10
There are some really unusual substances like slime, silly putty, goop, gels and foams. These are all
combinations of solids, liquids and gases and have lots of uses.
Worksheet 2.2—What are the properties of Matter?
1
2
3
a
As the egg becomes stale its density decreases – this is why it starts to float. (Gas is being
produced inside the egg and this is decreasing the density).
b
As the egg becomes stale, parts of it are turning to gas, which decreases its density.
The order in the beaker is:
•
The cork and the foam rubber floating on the oil
•
The oil floating on the beaker
•
Water with the lead and the iron on the bottom of the beaker.
a
A person is slightly less dense than water so it is difficult to dive deep into the water and not
float up again. The lead weights are used to increase the overall density. (When the diver needs
to re-surface the flotation vest is inflated with air to increase buoyancy.)
b
Air bubbles are less dense than water with their particles spread along way apart. This means
they will float in the more dense water so they can been seen rising towards the surface.
Oxford Big Ideas Science 1
ISBN 978 0 19 556715 1
© Oxford University Press Australia
4.
5
6
Substance
Sediment, Solution or Suspension
sand
Sediment
methylated spirits
Solution
bath salts
Solution
chalk
Suspension
sugar
Solution
oxygen
Solution
food colouring
Solution
perfume
Solution
pebbles
Sediment
flour
Suspension
a
2.6 g/cm3
b
Calculate in g the mass using a balance. Calculate the volume in cm 3 by displacement of water.
Calculate the density using the formula.
Any four of the following:
a
Plastic bags trap animals and plants.
b
Fertiliser makes the water toxic for the frogs and increases algal growth which can reduce
oxygen levels.
c
Detergents make it toxic for frogs which can absorb substances through their skin.
d
Loss of oxygen – needed for respiration – plants and animals cannot live in oxygen depleted
waters.
e
Build up of silt – reduces the ability of water plants to photosynthesise.
Generally, frogs are sensitive to high concentrations of pollutants such as pesticides, detergents and
industrial chemicals. This is exacerbated by the fact that their eggs are ‘naked’ (i.e. they do not have a
shell) and adult frogs have permeable skin, which they ‘drink’ and breathe through. Thus any toxic
substances polluting a waterway will easily penetrate into the frogs’ system. Frogs are good indicators
that a waterway is in a healthy condition.
7
Crush the medicine if it is a solid. Stir it. Warm the water.
8
a
b
9
i
It floats at first because it has air in it and this reduces the overall density so it is less
dense than the water.
ii
It eventually sinks as it fills with water and this increases the density until it is more dense
that the pool's water - it has the solid plastic in its base.
Seal it in some way so that it can only take in a limited amount of water – you could test it and
see how much water is necessary for it to have to remain suspended at that level.
Properties are characteristics of something that make it unique. With a substance, this can be its
ability to flow, to be poured, to be compressed its shape and ability to spread.
Water as a solid has a fixed shape, is incompressible, cannot flow and cannot be compressed. Water
as a liquid takes the shape of its container, can flow; can be poured; can spread and cannot be
compressed. Water as a gas takes up all the available space, can spread, poured and compressed.
Oxford Big Ideas Science 1
ISBN 978 0 19 556715 1
© Oxford University Press Australia
10
a
Water helps our body to dissolve and break down food during digestion.
b
Water is essential for living processes inside all plants and animals.
c
Water dissolves solutes, forming solutions.
d
When cloudy with fine insoluble particles, water forms a solution.
e
With an insoluble solution such as sand, water will have a sediment on the bottom of the
container.
f
Water forms part of blood, which carries food, oxygen and wastes around our bodies.
Worksheet 2.3—Why does water matter?
1
A
2
B
3
a
There is water in the soil and in the air. The water in the soil is absorbed by the roots of the
plants travels up through the stems. It goes into the air as vapour by transpiration. The vapour
in the air condenses on the sides and roof of the terrarium when it is cooled and eventually runs
back into the soil. The students’ diagrams should reflect this.
b
The water is recycled.
4
D
5
Fresh Water
23.5
Polar ice and glaciers
Drinkable Water
Soil
0.5
76
6
D
7
Neither Suzie nor Luke is saving water – they are just using it in another form. Their consumption is no
less. A water tank just means using your water from a different source as does using bottled water.
8
a
Evaporation
b
Ensure that the pieces of fabric are the same size; wash/treat them all in exactly the same way
using the same volume of water; dry them in the same situation.
Oxford Big Ideas Science 1
ISBN 978 0 19 556715 1
© Oxford University Press Australia
9
c
Polyester dries more quickly than the others. The order in which they dry is polyester; cotton;
acrylic; wool.
d
Hair dryers, clothes dryers, getting salt from salt water, dehydrating fruit such as apricots and
grapes.
Students’ own responses.
10
1
3
V
A
6
P
F
R
2
C
O
U
R
V
N
A
D
P
E
S
H
N
7
D
I
E
S
T
8
I
E
S
9
G
A
S
10
I
C
L
L
4
5
S
O
C
O
O
E
R
L
A
A
I
T
Q
E
T
I
O
D
N
S
U
L
11
E
B
O
I
E
L
I
N
G
D
N
12
A
13
T
R
A
N
I
15
S
O
14
S
P
I
R
O
L
U
N
Oxford Big Ideas Science 1
T
I
A
W
T
I
O
N
T
O
N
L
ISBN 978 0 19 556715 1
E
R
© Oxford University Press Australia