RUVUMA RIVER AND SOUTHERN COAST BASIN
RUVUMA BASIN ANNUAL HYDROLOGICAL REPORT
(NOVEMBER 2012 – OCTOBER 2013)
Ruvuma River and Southern Coast Basin,
P.O. Box 141,
Mtwara.
Tell/Fax: 023-23333652
ruvumabasin@gmail.com
December 2013
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This Annual hydrological report explains thoroughly the basin water situation and status
of monitoring stations for the period of November 2013 to October 2013.
The main objective of this Annual hydrological Report is to give description on Rainfall
data, Water level data in some of the rivers, Water quality data and River flow data
especially discharges of some springs in the basin and groundwater data. Likewise
temporal and spatial coverage of monitoring stations are explained thoroughly. Rainfall,
Water quality, Discharge data and Water level data incorporated in this report are
compared with the former data collected.
On top of that, the report describes the climate of the basin (rainfall and temperature),
runoff distribution, groundwater occurrence and water quality. Measures taken to control
water pollution and catchments degradation are given more emphasis due to the role they
play in water quality.
The Basin received average rain in November 2012 to the mid of May 2013 where by
resulted to urban flood in the eastern part (Mtwara Municipality), likewise runoff behave
the same and groundwater level. While a rainfall sensation was too early for the whole
basin, Water quality was not differing significantly with the previous water quality data.
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 1
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ 2
1.0
General Introduction ................................................................................................ 4
1.1
Purpose and Objectives of the Report .................................................................. 4
1.2
Location of the Basin ........................................................................................... 4
1.3
Physiography ........................................................................................................ 4
1.3.1
Topography: .................................................................................................. 4
1.3.2
Geomorphology ............................................................................................ 4
1.3.3
Drainage Pattern............................................................................................ 5
1.3.4
Land Use/Cover ........................................................................................... 5
1.3.5
Soils............................................................................................................... 5
1.4
Geology ................................................................................................................ 5
1.5
Social-economic Characteristics of the Basin ...................................................... 5
2.0
HYDROLOGICAL DATA ...................................................................................... 1
2.1
Rainfall and Other climatic Data .......................................................................... 1
2.2
River gauging Stations and Sediment Data .......................................................... 3
2.3
Water Quality Data............................................................................................... 5
2.4
Groundwater Monitoring Station ......................................................................... 7
2.5.2
3.0
Spatial Coverage of Monitoring/Borehole Stations ...................................... 8
HYDROLOGY OF THE BASIN ............................................................................ 9
3.1
Climate: ................................................................................................................ 9
3.2
Runoff Distribution ............................................................................................ 11
3.3
Groundwater Occurrence ................................................................................... 13
3.4
Water Quality ..................................................................................................... 14
4.0
GENERAL REMARKS AND WAY FORWARD ............................................... 17
Annex 1: ............................................................................................................................ 18
Annex 2: ............................................................................................................................ 19
List of Figures
Figure 1: Catchments in the Ruvuma River and Southern Coast Basin ........................................................... 6
Figure 2: Some of Water quality monitoring stations .................................................................................... 7
Figure 3: Spatial distribution of Boreholes drilled in the Basin ....................................................................... 8
Figure 4; (a) Comparison of annual rainfall 2012/2032 versus long term average rainfall (MAR) and its
percentage.................................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 4: (b) Totally Monthly Rainfall for a various Stations in 2012/2013 .................................................. 11
Figure 5: Basin Mean Annual Rainfall from 1960 to 1990 ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 6: (a) Comparison of Minimum Flow in Ruvuma at Mhiga (1Q.7) ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 6: (b) Behavior of water level Ruvuma River at Marumba 2010/2011 and 2012/2013. ................... 12
List of Tables
Table 1: Status of Weather Station…………………………………………………………………………………………………………4
Table 2: Standard Rainfall Station……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…5
Table 3: Status of Hydrometric Station…………………………………………………………………………………………………..6
Table 4: Water Quality Monitoring Station……………………………………………………………………………….……………8
Table 5: Groundwater Quality Monitoring Station………………………………………………………………………….……..9
Table 6: Comparison of Annual Rainfall 2011/2012 and Long Term Average Annual Rainfall………………10
Table 7: Runoff of Major River………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12
1.0 General Introduction
1.1 Purpose and Objectives of the Report
The main purpose of this Annual hydrological report is to give a brief description
on Rainfall data, River flows and Water levels in lakes /reservoirs, water quality
data and rivers.
The objective of this year’s annual hydrological report is to continue giving the
description on Basin hydrology that explains the water resources status in the
Basin. The report gives detailed rainfall data, river flows and water quality data,
ground water data and river discharges in the Basin for the period of November
2012 t o October 2013.
1.2 Location of the Basin
Ruvuma River and Southern Coast Basin occupies southeastern part of Tanzania
of Ruvuma, Mtwara and Lindi Regions, whereby it lies between 34E and 41E
Longitude and 8S and 12S Latitude.
The mean annual runoff (MAR) of the Ruvuma river to the sea is about 26,000
million cubic meters (MCM)/year. However large abstraction and use of Ruvuma
water resource requires understanding and agreement between the two riparian
states.
Ruvuma River and Southern Coast Basin has the area of about 105,570 km2 with
the population of about 3,512,397 according to 2012 census). The growth rates in
the Basin differ from one region to another as follows: Ruvuma 2.1%, Mtwara
1.2% and Lindi 0.9%.
1.3
Physiography
The headwater catchments lie on an altitude between 305 – 710 m above mean
sea level and drops almost gradually before entering the coastal plains.
1.3.1 Topography:
The topography of Ruvuma Basin and Southern Coast Basin rises gradually from
East Coast line of Indian Ocean to the western side to Makonde Plateaus and
Rondo Platea (800m -900m above sea level). From Makonde and Rondo Plateau
it drops a bit down (Masasi and Nachingwea Districts) and starts to rise again
towards Tunduru, Namtumbo and Songea Districts where it reaches its maximum
height (1500m – 2000m above sea level) in Mbinga District.
1.3.2 Geomorphology
African, Post African and Congo/Coast land surfaces largely occupy the basin.
Gondwanaland surface occupy a small part near Songea. Coastland surface cover
Lindi, Mtwara and Tandahimba Districts. Post African land surface covers the
rest of Tunduru, Songea and part of Mbinga Districts. The Geomorphology of the
Basin is also characterized by Makonde and Rondo Plateaus located in the eastern
side of the Basin. The Basin is also bisected by Kilimasera Mountains on the
Northern side which acts as a boundary between Ruvuma Basin and Rufiji Basin.
On the Western side the Basin comprises Matengo Mountains/ Hills which acts as
boundary between Ruvuma Basin and Lake Nyasa Basin in the West.
1.3.3 Drainage Pattern
Ruvuma River and southern coast Basin is comprised of five major independent
river systems draining into Indian Ocean. The major river systems include:
Ruvuma, Lukuledi, Mavuji, Mbwemkuru, and Matandu. A perennial river
includes Ruvuma, Lukuledi and Mavuji while Mbwemkuru and Matandu are
Seasonal. Figure 1 below shows Ruvuma River and Southern Coast Basin
catchments.
1.3.4 Land Use/Cover
Selous game reserve approximately occupies about 18,000 km2 a large part of the
basin. The basin is comprised of the several forests and game reserves such as
Selous, Msanjesi and Lukwika/Lumesule. Also the basin is rich in gemstones and
other valuable minerals such as gold. Forested areas and mangrove places are
exploited for timber and pole production. In general, the basin is rich in natural
resources and yet very much undisturbed by man’s activity
1.3.5 Soils
Coastal: Mesozoic rocks sandstones, siltstones, conglomerates and alternating
layers of clay sand and sandstone. Makonde plateau Tertiary formations (silt,
clay, limestones, loose sand) area, Newala, Tandahimba part of Mtwara rural and
Kilwa Kipatimu. Basement: Metamorphic rocks, mostly gnessis, and granitic
rocks (Masasi, Nachingwea, Ruangwa, and Nanyumbu). Karoo: Sand clay and
conglomerates (Tunduru, part of Songea, Liwale).
1.4
Geology
Dominant rocks in the basin are Karoo and Usagaran crystalline limestone series
of Masasi. Continental and marine sand deposits are found parallel to the
coast/shoreline while Neogene deposits are wide spread.
1.5
Social-economic Characteristics of the Basin
There are two main economic activities in the Basin which are agriculture and
fisheries. The main food crops are maize, sweet potatoes, and cassava. On the
other side the cash crops are cashew nuts, mangos and coconuts.
Fisheries take place in all large water bodies such as the Indian Ocean, Lakes and
Rivers. Other economic activities existing in the Basin are, livestock keeping,
mining, small scale trades and to some extent tourism.
Generally the standard of living of the people in the basin is poor regardless of the
above economic activities undertaken.
Figure 1: Catchments in the Ruvuma River and Southern Coast Basin
2.0 HYDROLOGICAL DATA
2.1
Rainfall and Other climatic Data
The Basin has poor networks of rainfall stations whereby most of them installed
this year. In total there are 9 and 4 rainfall stations and 4 meteorological stations
in the Basin which are operational refer Table 1.
Table 1: Status of Weather stations
S/N Station
Name
Station Data
Code
Recorded
Missing
Data
Average Status
Rainfall
864.6
1
Tandahimba
Met. Station
19982003,
2011
200420102013
2
Kilwa Kivinje
Met. Station
19992009,
1968-1971
19711998,
20102012
Shifted to
Kilwa masoko
Met station
3
Kilwa
Masoko
(Mtanga
Shuleni Met
Station)
2013
Cover
Kilwa
kivinje
Met
Station
Operational
3
Liwale
Station
19701972,
2002-2013
4
Kiuma Met
Satation
Met.
2013
1000.6
Operational
Operational
Operational
Table 2: Standard Rainfall stations
S/N Station Name
Station
Code
Data
Recorded
Data
Missing
2008
Long term
Annual
Average
Rainfall
Status
1
Mtwara Maji
Deport
20022007,
20092012,2013
910.7
Operational
2
Songea Maji
Deport
1Q/R06 20022012,2013
1022.3
Operational
3
Tunduru Maji
Deport
2000-2011
4
Kikwetu Sisal
1968-1972
5
Masasi Maji
Yard
Installed
6
Mbekenyera
Sec. School
Ruangwa
Installed
7
Tunduru –
Maliasil
Installed
8
Mbangamao
Sec School
Mbinga
Installed
9
Kipatimu
1971-1975
926.3
-
10
Masasi area
Com.
1969-1975
808.6
-
11
Matekwe
1972-1974
847.6
-
12
Mitonono
1972-1973
1137.7
-
13
Myangala
1970-1972
953
Abandoned
14
Nachinwea
1973-1974
887.1
-
2012
Operational
847.4
Abandoned
2nd
2.2
15
Matemanga
1972-1974
-
16
Kilwa Masoko
1967-1975
17
Muhiga
1976-2000
Operational
18
Msanjesi
2000-2012
Operational
891.8
-
River gauging Stations and Sediment Data
The basin has 22 river gauging stations, whereby most of them installed this
year 2012/2013 and few stations has gauge staff only, others has gauge staff
and data loggers (refer Table 3: below).
Table 3: (a) Status of hydrometric stations in Ruvuma River and Southern Coast
Basin
S/N
Station Name
Station
Code
Record
Period
Missing
Years
1
Ruvuma –Marumba
1Q15
1976-1990
1977-1980 Operational
2
Miesi-Mikele
1Q17
1971-1990
1991-2010 Operational
3
Mbangala-Mahinyo
hills
1Q12
1971-1990
1991-2012 Operational
4
MuhuwesiMuhuwesi
1Q4
1960-1990
1991-2012 Operation
5
Lumesule-Ruanda
1Q6A
1968-1989
1990-2010 Operation
6
Nyangao- Nyangao
1N2A
1961-1995,
2011-2012
1996-2010 Operational
7
Lukuledi-Mkwaya
1L4
1959-1974
1975-2012 Operation
8
Lukuledi-Nanganga
1N3A
1977-1983
1984-2012 Operation
9
Mbwemkuru –
darajani (DSM
Road)
IM2A
Remarks
Shifted from
Mbwemkuru at
Myangala
Operation
10
Mavuji –Mchakama
1M8A
11
Matandu-darajani
(DSM Raod)
1L1A
12
Ziga –Miguruwe
1L3A
13
Matandu-Miguruwe
1L5A
14
MbwemkuruMitonono
1M5A
1969-1991
1992-2012 Operational
15
Mbesa-Mbesa
1Q8
1972-1982
1983-2012 Operational
16
Likonde-Ligowonga
1Q10
1971-1981
1982-2012
17
Ruvuma –Litapwasi
1Q16
18
Ruvuma –Mhiga
1Q7
19
Msinjewe - Chiungo
Operational
20
Mbwemkuru-Nahoro 1M6A
Shifted from
Mbwemkuru at
Singira
-
-
Shifted from
Mavuji at
Mbiliwia
Operation
New station
Operational
1974-1984
1985-2012
Operational
Shifted from
Matandu at
Mtanga
Operational
Operational
Operational
1971-1991
1992-2012
Operational
Operational
21
Msanjesi - Maundi
1Q13
Operational
22
Msanjesi - Chiungo
1Q13A
Operational
23
MbemkuruMyangala
-
1968-1970
Abandoned
24
Mbwemkuru-Singira
-
1968-1991
Abandoned
25
Mavuji-Mbiliwia
-
1971-1991
Abandoned
26
Msinjewe-Mataro
-
1971-1983
Abandoned
27
MatanduKimbumburukutu
-
1974-1975
Abandoned
Figure 2; Distribution of Hydrometeorological Stations
2.3
Water Quality Data
The basin has twenty four water quality monitoring stations, whereby sixteen are
surface water and eight are groundwater. And normally most of them were located on
the river gauging stations and ground water observation bore hole. Furthermore we
monitored quarterly but due to inadequate fund, few sites were monitored according
to the needs such as suspect of pollution. Moreover the basin has succeeded to
demarcate water source located at Mokonde plateau Mbwinji, Mwena and Nahinga
Water Sources with about 16.85 kilometers square but not yet gazette.
Table 4: Water Quality Monitoring Stations
SURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS
S/n Sources
1 Mavuji river
2 Liwale River
3
Location
District
Status
Mavuji bridge
Kilwa
Operational
Liwale Town
Liwale
Operational
Mbesa Bridge
Tunduru
Operational
Likonde Bridge
Namtumbo
Operational
Mkenda Village
Songea Rural
Operational
Lizabon Down Stream
Songea Urban
Operational
Kitaya
Mtwara Rural
Operational
Tingi Bridge
Mbinga
Operational
Songea Pori
Mbinga
Operational
Matogoro Source
Songea Urban
Operational
Muhuwesi Bridge
Tunduru
Operational
Springs
Mbwinji Springs
Ndanda
Operational
River
Mbwemkuru Bridge
Lindi Rural
Operation
River
Matandu Bridge
Kilwa
Operational
Springs
Chipwapwa
Lindi Rural
Operational
Magumichila
Masasi
Operational
Mkumbashamba
Nachingwea
Operational
Mbesa river
Mbesa
Likonde river
4 Mtakuja
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
Ruvuma
River
Ruvuma
River
Ruvuma
River
Lumeme
River
Lunyere
River
Ruvuma
River
Muhuwesi
River
GROUND WATER QUALITY
MONITORING STATIONS
17 B/HOLE
18
Storage/Tank
(B/H)
B/Hole
19 Matyatya
20
21
22
23
24
Matyatya Ruangwa Town
Ruangwa
Operational
B/HOLE No.
240
Kitunda
Lindi urban
Operational
B/Hole
Kilwa Masoko
Kilwa
Operational
Artetian well
Mitema
Newala
Operational
B/HOLE
Mtawanya
Mtwara Urban
Operational
B/Hole
Mkumbashamba
Nachingwea
Operational
Figure 3: Water quality monitoring stations
2.4
Groundwater Monitoring Station
Still in Ruvuma River and Southern Coast Basin has no groundwater monitoring
network established. We are continuing to utilize data from existing production
boreholes belonging to our Basin stakeholders. Therefore among the stakeholder’s
production borehole the basin has selected four (4) boreholes for monitoring
groundwater as shown in Table 5 below.
Table 5: Groundwater monitoring borehole data
S/N
Station Name
Static Water Level (m)
Yield (m3/hr)
Status
1
Mtawanya
3.3-9
72
Working
2
Mchuchu Bore Hole
missing
missing
Working
3
Mitema
0.00
90
Working
4
Kitunda Bore Hole
10
33.2
Working
2.5.2 Spatial Coverage of Monitoring/Borehole Stations
The basin groundwater monitoring network merely distributed in area with high level
abstraction of ground water followed with area of low abstraction in general as shown
in Figure 3 below.
Figure 4: Spatial distribution of Boreholes drilled in the Basin
.
3.0 HYDROLOGY OF THE BASIN
3.1
Climate:
Temperature:
The Ruvuma Basin registers highest temperature of 32 oC is recorded in December
while lowest temperature of 20 oC is recorded in July. The mean temperature in the
coast area is 26oC and that of the hinterland is 24oC. Annual and daily variations in
temperature are small.
Rainfall:
Rainfall pattern is unimodal such that the dry season is from June to November and
the wet or rainy season is for rest of the year. The mean annual rainfall ranges from
800 to 1400 mm in the Rondo, Makonde plateau and the Matengo highlands while
elsewhere annual rainfall ranges between 800 – 1000 mm.
Rainfall annual variation is very high. The annual precipitation may rise up to 2000
mm once in twenty years and may fall to 500 mm in places where the mean annual
rainfall is 1000 mm per year. Annual rainfall as low as 200 mm have been recorded at
Mtwara and Lindi. In 1990, about 500 mm were recorded at Nyangao within 24 hours
which resulted into extensive landslides from the escarpments of Makonde and Rondo
plateaus causing severe floods.
This hydrological year, the amount of rainfall rained is within the average at the
eastern part (coastal area) whereby resulted to urban flood at Mtwara Municipal in
January 2013 and the western area (Ruvuma Region) receive average rainfall. While
the sensation of rainfall was too early at the mid of April to May which resulted to
decrease amount of water especially at the upper of Ruvuma River and early dry of
seasonal river on the eastern part where most of it found Table 6; and Figure 3;
Table 6: Comparison of 2011/2012-2012/2013 Annual Rainfall against Long term
Average Rainfall (MAR)
Station Name
2012/2013
Annual
Rainfall
2011/2012 Long Term Percentage Percentage
Annual
Annual
2012/13
2011/12
Rainfall
Rainfall
(MAR)
2001-2013
Mtwara Maji
Deport
1051.8
898.2
854.83
98.7
123.0
Songea Maji
Deport
905.9
612.5
1013.34
60
89.4
Tunduru Maji
Deport
949.7
1199.3
852.67
143.2
111.4
Msanjesi at
Maundi
879.3
879.3
788.45
109.2
111.5
Liwale
Met.Station
859.8
863.1
1143.87
86.3
85.6
Tandahimba
Met.Station
856.4
856.2
863.82
98.9
99.1
Figure 5; (a) Comparison of annual rainfall 2012-2013 versus long term
average rainfall (MAR) and its percentage.
Figure 5: (b) Totally Monthly Rainfall for a various Stations in 2012/2013
3.2
Runoff Distribution
The flows of the rivers in the basin follow closely the rainfall pattern. The mean
annual runoff at the Ruvuma river mouth is 26,000 million cubic meters (MCM). In
Ruvuma Region the mean annual runoff varies from 400-600 MCMyear in the
western part of the region to about 200 MCM/year in the eastern part along the
coast. Many of the other river channels in the Basin dry during dry seasons.
Table 7 describe run-off/river flow of the major river during the early months of the
rain season November to January 2012/2013, it s explain the behavior of the the
river where the amount of water increase folowing the rainy season due to run-off and
decrease as rain season end up and other dry up completely during the dry seasons
especially in the eastern part of the Basin (Mtwara nad Lindi)
Table 7: (a) Runoff for Major Rivers in Ruvuma Basin
s/n
River
MCM
mm
l/s/km2
1.
Matandu at Matandu 1L3 Darajani
113.3
10.1
0.32
2.
Mbwemkuru at Mnyangara 1M4
627.6
41.2
1.30
3.
Lukuledi at Mtua 1N4
118.5
28.4
0.90
S/n
River
Discharge
Water
Level (m)
Discharge per
Day m3/Day
m3/Sec
4
Lukuledi at Mkwaya
0.621
0.4
53,654.40
5
Mavuji at Mchakama
0.226
0.6
19,526.4
6
Matandu at Miguruwe
1.206
0.6
104,198.4
7
Mbwinji Springs
0.221
-
19,094.4
8
Ruvuma at Kitaya
5.282
-
456,364.8
Figure 6: (a) Behavior of water level Ruvuma River at Marumba 2011-2013
3.6
Groundwater Occurrence
Groundwater potential
Generally the groundwater level is expected to be affected by the amount of rainfall
received for the hydrological year
Currently the water Level recorded in Mtawanya well field ( November 2012 to No
October 2013 -production wells) ranges between 3.3m to 9m bgl which is normal in
some of the boreholes, but in some boreholes show a slight drop of 0.1m to 0.5 long
pumping in those boreholes.
In Mitema well field- Kitangari Newala the water level remained constant (ranges
from 0.00m to 1.0m) in some other wells if they are no pumping some well overflows.
Generally Water levels of Boreholes in Basement areas has not raised at its normal
levels at this reporting period due average rainfall received this year in the eastern part
of the Basin.. The expected boreholes to be affected will be those ones in Masasi
district (Magumuchila Well field), Nanyumbu (Mangaka) and Nachingwea (Mkumba
shamba)
Though the basin has no observation boreholes; the information collected from drilled
productive boreholes, geophysical and hydro geological investigations during the
hydrological year November 2012 to October 2013) the average depths, discharges
and water levels of boreholes drilled in Karoo sediments area respectively 120 m, 15
m3/hr and 20 m.
In basement rock areas the averages of the same data above are 60 m, 5 m3/hr and 15
m. While in the Makonde sediment since are plateau areas the depths and water levels
are exceptionally high. Data collected from drilled boreholes during the reporting
period shows that the average depth, discharge and water level are 150 m, 4 m3/hr
and 40 m respectively.
In the coastal sedimentary rocks areas water levels are very shallow although the
depths and discharges are not very different from that of karoo. The average depth,
discharges and water level in coastal sediments are 60 m, 7 m3/hr and 5 m
respectively.
Groundwater recharge:
Groundwater recharge is very high in the sedimentary deposits of the coast zone while
in the less permeable Mozambican belt the recharge is mainly in the faulted and
fissured zones. No recharge pattern mechanism or annual rates of recharge have been
established.
3.7
Water Quality
Water Quality results in the basin for this hydrological year does not differ
significantly with the previous water quality data reported in the last Hydrological
report. In general the water quality monitored in this year was good except some
parameters exceed the standards as shown colored in Table 8.
Water quality monitored parameters, results and standards are clearly indicated on
appendix 2. Generally, water quality is good as per laboratory results shown on
appendix2. With the exception of Mitema artesian well at Newala, Mbesa spring at
Tunduru and a borehole at Ligugu in Liwale whose pH values are 5.14, 5.3 and 5.7
respectively the rest of the monitored sites comply with the TZS and WHO. Total
Dissolved Solids (TDS) were observed to be within the required standards, the only
exception was a borehole at Chiola village in Nachingwea district which was 1093
mg/l and exceeded TZS of 1000 mg/l which may be due to the presence of salts.
On the other hand, a number of sources monitored exceeded the required standards for
salinity which is 0.3‰. The sources include; Mbwemkuru River 0.4, Water from the
tap at Nachingwea 0.9, Kiranjeranje artesian well at Kilwa 0.8, Mkumbashamba
storage tank at Nachingwea 0.8, borehole at Nabuya (Namihu) in Liwale district 0.7
and Kitunda boreholes no. 240 & 242 0.8‰. These concentrations make the water
slightly saline to saline in the mentioned sources and this is due to the nature and
geological composition at the sampling areas.
In addition to that, turbidity was measured to be within the standards except for
Ruvuma River at Lizaboni downstream and Majengo downstream which went above
the standards by 67 and 80% respectively. At Lunyere River, turbidity also exceeded
TZ standards by 96% and it should be noted that Lunyere River’s water flows to
Ruvuma River. High turbidity in the the two rivers is likely to be caused by enormous
mining, deforestation and farming activities taking place along the two rivers Ruvuma
and Lunyere. Likewise total hardness lies within the standards for the monitored sites
except for water sampled from the tap at Nachingwea district which was 824 mg/l
compared to the standard of 600 mg/l.
Moreover, other parameters as indicated in appendix 2 like Electrical Conductivity
(EC), chlorides, total alkalinity, nitrates, fluorides and metals of Magnesium,
Calcium, Potassium and Sodium were within the recommended ranges of Tanzanian
and WHO standards. In some areas like Matyatya borehole in Ruangwa district at
Lindi region sulphates exceeded the standard of 600mg/l by 20 units while Ruvuma
River at Songea rural and urban iron and manganese were assessed to be 1.76 and
11mg/l and 1.7 and 4.5mg/l respectively.
Table 8 Water Quality Monitoring stations with parameter above the WHO STD
SN Name of the water
Sources
Parameters
pH
TDS
Slinit
(mg/l) y %
Turbid
ity
1
Mitema artesian Well –
Newala District
5.14
2
Mbesa spring at Tunduru
District
5.3
3
Ligugu Bore hole –
Liwale District
5.7
4
Mbwemkuru River
0.4
5
Nachingwea Borehole
0.9
6
Kiranjeranje Borehole –
Kilwa
0.8
7
Mkumbashamba
Borehole Nachingwea
0.8
8
Nabuyu borehole Liwale
0.7
9
Kitunda borehole – Lindi
MC
0.8
10
Matyamatya Borehole Ruangwa
11
Ruvuma River –Lizabon
– Songea MC
80
12
Ruvuma River Majengo
Songea MC
67
13
Lunyere River Mbinga
96
Hardnes
s mg/l
Sulp
hate
824
620
14
Chiola - Ruangwa
1093
4.0 GENERAL REMARKS AND WAY FORWARD
The Management Water Resources is the backbone of life; therefore its
implementation has to consider all stakeholders located inside and outside the basin
boundary.
Proper documentation of data and regular evaluation of the hydrometric stations will
be given special emphasis in order to come up with hydrological report which reflects
the actual hydrological status of the basin. The basin will start with collecting data
from the newly constructed and rehabilitated hydrometric stations followed by taking
current meter measurements which will then be used to update rating curves of
stations. On so doing gaps in hydrometric data will be filled.
Lastly but not least, currently there is an ongoing Project on the Trans-boundary
Water Resources Management (TWRM) especially in the implementation of Transboundary Water Resources Management (The ongoing project is Shared Water
Courses project on Ruvuma River Basin which involves Mozambique and Tanzania)
Apart from of Activities undertaken by the project it is expected to construct a total
five (5) Groundwater monitoring wells along Ruvuma River Basin
Annex 1:
(a) Monthly Rainfall from November 2012 to October 2013
Station
Name
Songea Maji
Deport
Annual
NOV.
DEC.
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT. Rainfall
56.20
242.50
267.80
80.00
193.30
64.00
2.10
0
0
0
0
0
Msanjesi at
Maundi
54.2
451
113
99.7
140
21.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
879.3
Mtwara Maji
Deport
16.5
35.2
633
167
133
50.6
0
0
0
0
12.1
4.4
1051.8
Tunduru
Maji Deport
36.0
115.7
326.6
190.7
157
83.3
16.1
0
0
0
0
24.3
949.7
82.4
165.2
111.2
313.2
73.8
1.6
0
0
0
0
96.8
859.8
92.6
265
6.4
267
70.5
63.6
4.7
2.3
0
2.1
13.6
856.2
Liwale
Met.Station
Tandahimba
Met.Station
15.6
69.1
(b) Annual Rainfall for 6
stations
YEARS
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Long Term
Average Annual
Rainfall
Mtwara
Maji
Deport
Songea
Maji
Deport
995.5
1370.6
541.7
1151.0
810.5
1035.1
629.6
804.2
632.6
1118.1
928.7
898.2
1051.8
332.7
953.9
1415.0
700.9
1310.2
1366.9
1160.5
1223.9
1360.9
1127.1
703.1
612.5
905.9
854.83
1013.34
Tunduru
Maji
Deport
Msanjesi
at
Maundi
749.0
780.2
Liwale
Met.Station
Tandahimba
Met.Station
822.7
1125.7
1216.8
1170.6
1219.9
779.1
799.8
781.4
1076.2
737.5
861.6
778.5
959.1
691.3
603.7
769.1
591.6
670.1
1389.8
911.6
526.3
945.7
879.3
868.0
856.2
955.3
670.6
859.8
856.4
852.70
788.45
1143.87
863.82
905.9
Annex 2:
Water Quality Data
Parameters
0-30
500
Date
Lab No.
Source
Sampling Site
District
12/12/201
1
106/201
1
Artetian well
Kilanjelanje
Kilwa
7.9
1590
766
0.8
0.2
28
0.0
9
0
0
124
294
0
0.3
5
12/12/201
1
107/201
1
Mavuji river
Mavuji bridge
Kilwa
8.2
250
116
0.1
6
37
0.0
6
0
2
31.9
40
0
0.1
8
12/12/201
1
12/12/201
1
108/201
1
109/201
1
B/Hole
Kilwa Masoko
Kilwa
7.1
690
325
0.3
0.3
45
0
42
121
8
5
S/Well
Njinjo
Kilwa
7.1
725
342
0.3
6.1
95
0.0
5
0.0
4
0
33
118
80
0
0.0
3
0.3
3
12/12/201
1
110/201
1
Liwale River
Liwale Town
Liwale
7.2
523
245
0.2
11
51
0.0
6
0
3
133
16
0
0.0
2
K+ Mg/l
Na+ Mg/l
F- Mg/l
0-1.5
0-8.0
NO3 Mg/l
Total Alk. CaCO3 Mg/l
500
Cl- Mg/l
800
600
400
250
SO4 Mg/l
Mn Mg/l
0-0.5
0-0.1
Fe Mg/l
0 - 1.0
0-0.3
Mg Mg/l
100
150
Ca Mg/l
300
200
Total Hard. (Mg/l)
600
500
Turbidity NTU
0 - 30
TDS Mg/l
EC µs/cm
Salinity %
0 - 15
WHO Standards
500
Tanzania Standards
Chemical
2000
6.5 - 8.5 6.5 - 9.2 pH
Physical
12/12/201
1
111/201
1
34
0.1
7
12/12/201
1
112/201
1
0
8
70.9
28
0
0
0
46
0.0
5
B/Hole HP
Ligugu Valley
Liwale
5.7
355
166
0.2
0
1
88.6
12
0
0
12/12/201
1
113/201
1
B/Hole HP
Namihu Village
Liwale
6
533
251
0.2
5.9
79
0.1
2
1
3
286
54
0
0.1
6
12/12/201
1
114/201
1
B/Hole HP
Nabuya
(Namihu)
Liwale
6.6
1434
691
0.7
1.6
261
0.0
5
0
2
308
142
0
0.3
12/12/201
1
115/201
1
Storage/Tan
k (B/H)
Mkumbashamb
a
Nachingwe
a
6.7
1696
821
0.8
2
265
0.0
3
0
12
344
126
0
0.2
3
12/12/201
1
116/201
1
B/Hole HP
Chiola Village
Nachingwe
a
7.3
2150
109
3
1.1
0.7
345
0.0
1
0
90
353
180
0
0.5
6
12/12/201
1
117/201
1
B/Hole
Matyatya
Matyatya
Ruangwa Town
Ruangwa
7
1725
839
0.8
2
205
0.0
4
0
62
0
88.6
166
0
0.8
2
12/12/201
1
118/201
1
B/HOLE No.
240
Kitunda
Lindi urban
6.9
1695
820
0.8
1
315
0.0
1
0
65
277
202
0
0.2
12/12/201
1
119/201
1
B/Hole
No.242
Kitunda
Lindi urban
6.7
1682
812
0.8
3
326
0.3
7
0
37
272
220
0
0.2
4
12/12/201
1
120/201
1
Spring
Mbesa Mission
Tunduru
5.3
45.5
20.6
0
0.4
13
0.0
2
0
1
16.3
6
0
0
12/12/201
1
121/201
1
Mbesa river
Mbesa
Mbesa Bridge
Tunduru
6.2
194
90.2
0.1
14
38
0.1
3
0
3
9.9
50
0
0.0
5
12/12/201
1
122/201
1
Likonde river
Mtakuja
Likonde Bridge
Namtumbo
6.4
91.5
42.1
0
8.8
14
0.3
0
3
8.5
22
0
0.0
9
12/12/201
1
123/201
1
Ruvuma
River
Mkenda Village
Songea
Rural
6.6
74.5
34.2
0
333
14
1.7
6
2
20
7.8
20
6
0
12/12/201
1
124/201
1
Ruvuma
River
Lizabon Down
Stream
Songea
Urban
6.5
479
226
0.2
90
63
11
5
17
41.1
76
3
0.1
8
B/Hole HP
Nambunja
Village
Liwale
6.2
334
156
0.2
41
12/12/201
1
125/201
1
Ruvuma
River
Majengo
Upstream
Songea
Urban
7
90.4
41.6
0
151
14
0.4
2
0
8
12.1
22
1
0
12/12/201
1
126/201
1
Lumeme
River
Tingi Bridge
Mbinga
7.2
46.4
21.1
0
29
9
0.4
9
0
7
7.1
10
1
0
12/12/201
1
127/201
1
Lunyere
River
Songea Pori
Mbinga
7.6
8.64
3.5
0
750
2
0.8
9
0
3
9.9
2
16
0
12/12/201
1
128/201
1
Mihomba
River
Mihomba
Village Bridge
Mbinga
7.2
36.8
16.7
0
50
8
0.3
6
0
2
6.4
10
0
0
12/12/201
1
129/201
1
Ruvuma
River
Matogoro
Source
Songea
Urban
7.3
30.1
13.5
0
10
9
0.2
3
0
2
8.5
6
0
0
12/12/201
1
130/201
1
Muhuwesi
River
Muhuwesi
Bridge
Tunduru
6.9
183.
9
85.8
0.1
92
34
0.5
8
0
7
22.7
32
1
0.1
1
171/012
Mahuta
Spring
Mahuta
6.4
4
434
212
0.2
0.1
7
81
11.
2
0.06
0.2
1
118.
8
20
0.4
0.22
47
2
Intake
Newala
6.1
3
536
262
0.2
0.2
2
177
30.
4
0.02
0.3
1
149.
5
6
1.7
0.3
18.
8
0
Mitema
Kitangali
5.1
4
241
111.
1
0.1
0.1
6
31.
4
3.6
5.4
4
0.03
0.5
2
64.4
8
0
0.21
30.
9
0
Nangoo
6.9
3
135.4
62.2
0.1
0.1
54
8
8.3
0.04
0.4
0
40.6
16
0.4
0.33
7.3
6
1
Nangoo
6.4
1
124.8
57
0.1
8.8
2
27
2.8
4.9
0.04
0.4
2
34.6
5
6
0.5
0.33
12.
9
1
Nangoo
6
145.8
66.9
0.1
0.4
7
31.
8
3.2
5.8
0.02
0.4
2
38.6
8
0.1
0.4
14.
3
0
13/08/012
13/08/012
172/012
Mkunya
Spring
14/08/012
173/012
Atesion Well
Mahuta
Intake
Mkunya
Mbwinji
14/08/012
174/012
Mbwinji Intake
14/08/012
175/012
Mbwinji
Spring
14/08/012
176/012
Njale Spring
Intake
Mbwinji
Intake
Mbwinji
Intake
Liwale
14
20.8
15/08/012
177/012
Liwale river
Intake
Liwale
6.7
6
505
234
0.2
0.2
3
167
28
23.
2
0.08
0.1
0
120.
8
42
0.1
0.33
17.
9
0
16/08/012
178/012
Tap Water
At DWE’S
Nachingwea
7.3
1919
912
0.9
0.1
824
134
119
0.04
0.3
11
383.
328
0
0.59
90.
0
7
Yard
Nyangao
16/08/012
16/08/012
17/08/012
17/08/012
17/08/012
156.4
71.1
0.1
0.5
5
53.
9
9.2
7.5
0.31
0
1
40.7
22
0
0.22
9.4
3
1
Intake
Chipwapwa
6.2
8
294
134.
6
0.1
0.5
69.
4
9.6
11
0.14
0.3
8
70.5
14
0
0.27
22.
1
2
Mavuji river
Mavuji
Mavuji river
At Bridge
Village
7.7
6
282
133
0.1
25.
2
123
19
18.
2
0.16
0.2
2
31.7
8
92
0.3
0.34
0
0
Mbwemkuru
Mbwemkuru
river
At Bridge
Mbwemkuru
7.7
8
914
441
0.4
1.6
4
376
80
42.
7
0.02
0.1
39
122.
1
258
0
0.74
20.
9
2
Lukuledi
Lukuledi
Mkwaya
river
At Bridge
Village
7.2
2
494
239
0.2
23.
4
119
12
21.
3
0.2
0.4
11
111.
9
98
0.5
0.25
50.
9
2
180/012
Chipwapwa
Spring
183/012
2
7.8
1
Nyangao river
182/012
1
Nyangao
179/012
181/012
9
At Bridge
Chipwapwa