STUDY AID
Los Angeles City College Library
APA (5th ed.)
Print Sources
APA (AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION) STYLE - CITING PRINT SOURCES
Printed Sources
References
1 AUTHOR
Alic, M. (1986). Hypatia's heritage: A history of women in
science from antiquity through the nineteenth century.
Boston: Beacon.
2 to 6
AUTHORS
Babcock, B. A., & Parezo, N. J. (1988). Daughters of the desert:
Women anthropologists and the Native American southwest,
1880-1980. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
MORE THAN 6
AUTHORS
Cunningham, G., MacDonald, P. C., Gant, N. F., Leveno, K. J.,
Gilstrap, L. C., Hankins, G. D., et al. (1996). Williams
obstetrics (20th ed.). Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange.
EDITORS AS
AUTHORS
Daniels, P., & Ruddick, S., (Eds.). (1977). Working it out: 23
women writers, artists, scientists, and scholars talk about
their lives and work. (Rev. ed.) New York: Pantheon.
FAMILIAR
REF. BOOK
Davis, C. W. (1988). Curie, Marie Sklodowska. In Collier's
encyclopedia (Vol. 3, pp. 450-452). New York: Collier's
Encyclopedia.
LESS
FAMILIAR
REF. BOOK
Gingerich, O. (1970). Cannon, Annie Jump. In C. C. Gillispie
(Ed.), Dictionary of scientific biography (Vol. 3, pp.
49-50). New York: Scribner's.
SELECTION
REPRINTED
IN A
COLLECTION
Harris, N. (1990). Literary and linguistic scholarship in a
postliterate age. In R. D. Denham (Ed.), Myth and metaphor:
Essays, 1974-88 (pp. 18-27). Charlottesville: University
Press of Virginia. (Original work published 1984)
WEEKLY
MAGAZINE
Manthorpe, C. (1985, March 7). Feminists look at science. New
Scientist, 116, 29-31.
MONTHLY
MAGAZINE
Stark, E. (1987, June). Motherhood and science do mix. Psychology
Today, 21, 14.
JOURNAL
Taylor, A. (1998). We know we belong to the land: The
theatricality of assimilation in Rodgers and Hammerstein's
Oklahoma! PMLA, 113, 77-89.
DAILY
NEWSPAPER
Tilgham, S. M. (1993, January 26). Science vs. women--A radical
solution. New York Times, pp. F1, F3, F5-7.
Note: Double-space all reference entries unless instructor allows single-spacing with double-spacing between entries.
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REFERENCE CITATIONS IN TEXT
Reference citations in text (or parenthetical notes) - a short notes embedded in text of your paper in which you
acknowledge the source of quotations or paraphrases of someone else's words. Some common formats of APA
style parenthetical notes are shown below:
I.
One Work by One Author
Rogers (1994) compared reaction times . . .
In a recent study of reaction times (Rogers, 1994) . . .
II.
One Work by Two Authors
Always cite both names every time the reference occurs in text.
III.
One Work by Three, Four, or Five Authors
Cite all authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations, include only the surname of the
first author followed by et al. (with a period after “al”).
Wasserstein, Zappulla, Rosen, Gerstman, and Rock (1994) found [first citation in text]
Wasserstein et al. (1994) [subsequent first citation per paragraph thereafter]
IV.
One Work by Six or More Authors
Cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (with a period after “al”). and the year for the
first and subsequent citations. In the reference list, however, provide the initials and surnames of the first
six authors and shorten any remaining authors to et al.
Kosslyn et al. (1992)
When quoting, always provide the author's last name, year, and specific page citation.
V.
Quotation less than 40 words within text:
He contended, "For the man who is extremely and dangerously hungry, no other
interests exist but food" (Maslow, 1943, p.348).
VI.
Quotation of 40 or more words (indent five spaces from the left margin):
Miele (1993) found the following:
The “placebo effect,” which had been verified in previous studies,
disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner. Furthermore,
the behaviors were never exhibited again [emphasis added], even when
reel [sic] drugs were administered. Earlier studies were clearly
premature in attributing the results to a placebo effect. (p. 276)
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