Ссылка 1
Учебные материалы по практике перевода для студентов уровня В
Лечебного факультета
Педиатрического факультета
Стоматологического факультета
Использованная литература:
1. Сборник текстов, упражнений и тестовых заданий для практики чтения и устной
речи на английском языке по медицинской тематике. М., 2009 (ПЧ)
Модуль 1
Занятия 3-4
TEXT II
Do you know that
 for the fist time plaster (plaster of Paris, gypsum) was used in surgery by
N.I. Pirogov during the Crimean War; the idea to use gypsum in medicine
came to N. Pirogov while he was watching a sculptor using this material in
his work
 in its purest forms gypsum is called plaster of Paris, so named because
gypsum is common in the Paris Basin in the north of France
HOW DO BONES BREAK?
1.
Read the text and give a translation of each highlighted part in Russian
which you think fits the content best.
Breaking a bone can be a pretty big deal, but it happens to lots of kids. These
days, most broken bones are easily fixed, but it can still be scary when it happens
to you or a friend. You depend on your bones for many things, but it's easy to
forget about them until something goes wrong. To answer your questions about
broken bones, we've done some digging around.
Bones are made up of bone cells, proteins, and minerals, like calcium. Sound
like something you might have read on the side of a cereal box or vitamin bottle?
That's because your diet has a big effect on the strength and health of your bones.
Your bones are tough stuff but even tough stuff can break. Like a wooden
pencil, bones bend under some strain (too forceful bending) and once the pressure
is too sudden or too much, they might snap. You can break a bone by falling off a
skateboard or if your sister's bike falls over on you in just the right way.
When a bone breaks it is called a fracture. There's more than one way to
break or fracture a bone. A break can be anything from a hairline fracture (a thin
break in the bone) to the bone being broken into two or more pieces.
Doctors describe fractures in the following ways:
- A complete fracture is when the bone has broken into two pieces.
- A greenstick fracture is when the bone cracks one side only, not all the way
through (like when you bend a living stick on tree).
- A single fracture is when the bone is broken in one place.
- A comminuted fracture is when the bone is broken into more than two pieces or
crushed.
- A bending fracture, which only happens in kids, is when the bone bends but
doesn't break.
- An open fracture is when the bone is sticking through the skin.
Plaster is used as a support for broken bones; a bandage impregnated with
plaster is moistened and then wrapped around the damaged limb, setting into a
close-fitting yet easily removed tube.
2.
3.
4.
Find in the text the English for the Russian word combinations.
- флакон с витаминами
- оказывает значительный эффект на что-либо
- гнуться при напряжении
- полный перелом
- одиночный перелом
- могут треснуть
- перелом по типу “зеленой ветки”
- оскольчатый перелом
- флексионный (сгибательный) перелом
- открытый перелом
- белок
- минералы
- кальций
- прочность кости
- клетки костной ткани
Skim through the text to answer the questions.
1. Why is breaking a bone a big problem for people?
2. What are bones made up of?
3. What do the strength and health of our bones depend on?
4. How can people break their bones?
5. What kinds of fracture are known in modern medicine?
6. What substance is used to immobilize the fracture?
Go back to the text and summarize the information on (a) human bones
and (b) gypsum. Give more information about the (a) chemical
composition of bones and (b) chemical properties of gypsum.
Занятие 4
TEXT IV
MULTIPLE MEDICATIONS
1.
Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct derivatives of the
words in the margin.
Year after year, studies show that medicines, even necessary
ones, can sometimes do more harm than good. And this is
particularly true in the elderly. In fact, adverse effects of medicines
lead to hundreds of thousands of (1) …… each year, as well as
thousands of deaths. Although the elderly account for only about
12 percent of the population, they take about one-third of all (2)
…… medicines.
Older people have a tougher time for several reasons. For
one, their kidneys and liver often don't work as well as they did
when they were younger. These organs help clear medicines from
the body, prevent build-up that could become (3) …… . In some
elderly patients, taking medicines in “normal” doses may be too
much for them.
Another reason is that seniors often are taking several
medicines for (4) ….… reasons. The more medicines they take,
the greater the chance for a (5) ….… (6) ….… between them. For
example, one medicine may slow the (7) ….… of another drug
from the body. That could lead to high drug levels in the body and
dangerous side effects. A new symptom may be the first clue to a
drug (8) ……. . Some medicines may have outlived their
usefulness. Or they may not have worked as expected in the first
place.
Studies show that many elderly patients can (9) …… have
one or more of their medicines stopped. In some cases, you may be
able to treat your condition without (10) …… pills: through diet,
exercise, physical therapy or topical medicines, for example. So
it’s quite necessary to ask doctors and pharmacists about the
medicines. They will educate you about them which will help you
to look out for side effects and common problems.
Scan the text and choose the correct answers.
2.
1. What can adverse effects of medicines lead to?
a) Slight physical disorder.
b) Admission to hospital and a fatal outcome.
hospitalize (1)
prescribe (2)
danger (3)
differ (4)
harm (5)
interact (6)
eliminate (7)
react (8)
safe (9)
take (10)
c) Slight allergic reaction.
2. Who are the most common consumers of several different medicines at a
time?
a) Children.
b) Middle-aged people.
c) The elderly.
3. Why may taking medicines in “ normal” doses be too much for elderly
people?
a) Their kidneys and liver are damaged.
b) Their kidneys and liver don’t function as well as in a younger age.
c) Their kidneys and liver stop working.
4. Why is it unsafe to take several medicines at once?
a) They can interact with each other.
b) They can cause dizziness.
c) They can lead to low drug level in the body.
5. How can people avoid severe complications while taking several medicines?
a) They should consult their GP about the interaction of different drugs.
b) They should take only one drug at a time.
c) They shouldn’t take drugs at all.
3.
Read the text again and summarize its content in 3-5 sentences.