Membrane Biology Group IDG ANNUAL REPORT 2002-2003 Dr Peter Flatman Convener Membrane Biology Group IDG October 2003 Membrane Biology Group IDG — Annual Report 2002-2003 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. SUCCESSES AND ADVANCES 1 2.1. Key Publications 2 2.2. MBG Hosts International Meeting 2 2.3. Catalyst BioMedica Award 2 2.4. Wellcome Trust Biomedical Image Awards (2002-2003) 2 2.5. Student successes 2 3. MEMBERSHIP 3 4. NEW MEMBERS 4 5. GRANTS 5 6. STUDENTSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS 7 6.1. New Studentships 7 6.2. New Post-doctoral Fellows 7 7. PUBLICATIONS 7 Membrane Biology Group IDG Report 2002-2003 MBG 1. INTRODUCTION The Membrane Biology Group (MBG) strives to understand membrane-based mechanisms for the regulation of cell function and how perturbations to these may underlie disease. The MBG is an interdisciplinary research group (IDG) within the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine with a focus on biological processes occurring at cell membranes. Currently the group comprises 8 Principal Investigators (PIs). We are strongly research-oriented with related interests, and we collaborate closely in our scientific investigations and in our teaching, gaining from the sharing of our knowledge and expertise. Our members are drawn from different disciplines, and the techniques we use therefore span many fields. Our laboratories are currently located in the Hugh Robson Building and New Medical Extension in the George Square area of the University. 2. SUCCESSES AND ADVANCES This has been a highly successful period for the group. At the start of the 2002/3 academic year MBG PIs were major participants, often in collaboration with others outside the College, on grants worth £10.4 million. During the period we activated a further £1.5 million of grants, including a new programme grant. Our multidisciplinary group makes use of techniques from molecular biology, physiology, chemistry, physics and genetics and interacts across Centres and Colleges. There are two major areas of continued development. The first is in laser-based imaging technology. We now have world-class facilities for imaging live cells and monitoring intracellular protein-protein interactions in real time using confocal and multiphoton microscopy (supported by SHEFC/JREI) and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). We also have one of the few Total Internal Reflectance Microscopes (TIRFM) in the world and this is capable of imaging events that occur very close to the cell membrane. These facilities are being exploited to address fundamental issues in membrane biology (exemplified by a recent Nature paper resulting from extensive collaboration within the MBG) as well as providing the basis for commercially exploitable projects (exemplified by a recent Catalyst BioMedica (Wellcome Trust Technology Transfer) Development Fund award). Our expertise complements that of COSMIC (Collaborative Optical Spectroscopy Micromanipulation and Imaging Centre based in the College of Science and Engineering, King’s Buildings), with whom we collaborate, and is a basis for an application for MRC earmarked studentships. The second major area is in functional analysis of protein diversity. Upgrading of our facilities for proteomics (including a mass spectrometer and new protein separation/analysis facilities as part of EPIC (Edinburgh Proteins Interaction Centre, a cross College collaborative project)) and real time analysis of mRNA expression is facilitating our understanding of the functional impact of pre-mRNA splicing and postranslational protein modification in diverse cellular pathways. In addition to joint investment in facilities our close collaboration with other IDGs within the Division of Biomedical Sciences has been developed, including joint research retreats and seminar programmes, and culminating in several cross-IDG collaborative projects. These joint ventures are ultimately aimed at establishing a Centre for Integrative Physiology (CIP). Plans are being drawn up to house the entire MBG in adjacent laboratories within the Hugh Robson Building to facilitate further collaboration and provide improved access to core facilities. Centralization and improvement of imaging equipment including laser confocal microscopes within the Hugh Robson Building will be of particular benefit as will be the upgrading of animal facilities. In the sections below we highlight some of the successes of our staff and students. Three of this year’s publications were in very high impact journals including Nature and Cell, and we were delighted that our TIRFM and confocal images have been used on the front covers of Nature and Biochemical Society Transactions. A full list of our publications can be found at the end of this report. During the year we also hosted a highly successful international meeting, one of our post-doctoral fellows received a Wellcome Trust Catalyst BioMedica Award and five of our post-graduates received PhD degrees. 1 Membrane Biology Group IDG Report 2002-2003 MBG 2.1. Key Publications 1. Duncan RR, Greaves J, Wiegand UK, Matskevich I, Bodammer G, Apps DK, Shipston MJ, Chow RH (2003), Functional and spatial segregation of secretory vesicle pools according to vesicle age, Nature 422: 176-180 2. Tan TC, Valova VA, Malladi CS, Graham ME, Berven LE, Jupp OJ, Hansra G, McClure SJ, Sarcevic B, Boadle RA, Larsen MR, Cousin MA, Robinson PJ (2003), Cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is essential for synaptic vesicle endocytosis, Nature Cell Biology 5: 701-710 3. Chen H-K, Fernandez-Funez P, Acevedo SF, Lam YC, Kaytor MD, Fernandez MH, Aitken A, Skoulakis EMC, Orr HT, Botas J, Zoghbi HY (2003), Interaction of Akt-Phosphorylated Ataxin-1 with 14-3-3 Mediates Neurodegeneration in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1, Cell 113: 457-468 2.2. MBG Hosts International Meeting During the year the MBG hosted an international meeting called Molecular Mechanisms of Exocytosis and Endocytosis (23-25 March 2003, National e-science centre, South College Street, Edinburgh ) The principal organiser was Dr Mike Cousin with Prof Mike Shipston, Dr David Apps and associate member Dr Robert Chow serving on the organizing committee. Major sponsors of the meeting were: The Wellcome Trust (£5000), International Society for Neurochemistry (£4200), IUBMB (£2500) This biannual meeting brings together senior scientists from leading international laboratories to stimulate networking and exchange of ideas between the next generation of principal investigators in the field of exocytosis and endocytosis. In a short space of time these meetings have become one of the premier European conferences in the field and attract participants (83 in total) from all over the globe. 2.3. Catalyst BioMedica Award Dr Rory Duncan who has been working with Prof Mike Shipston was awarded a prestigious Catalyst BioMedica Fellowship (Wellcome Trust Technology Transfer). 2.4. Wellcome Trust Biomedical Image Awards (2002-2003) Dr Rory Duncan and Ms Linda Wilson won an “Award of Excellence” in this year’s Wellcome Trust “Truth and Beauty” Biomedical Image Awards. The award was for an image of a PC12 cell modified to express a fluorescently labelled hormone. The wining images are on display in the Trust’s “20-20” Gallery, alongside original artworks inspired by the images. The image was also chosen to decorate a huge billboard outside the Wellcome Trust’s headquarters building in Euston Road during building work. 2.5. Student successes During the year, six of our post-graduate students were awarded with either a PhD or MSc degree: 2 Eva Zemlickova (PhD) Nick Karoulias (PhD) Hasan Almulla (PhD) Lorraine Coghill (PhD) Sampol Tapechum (PhD) Jenny Greaves (MSc with distinction) Membrane Biology Group IDG Report 2002-2003 MBG 3. MEMBERSHIP During this period the Membrane Biology Group comprised 8 Principal Investigators. This increased to 9 in October 2003 when Dr Rory Duncan also became a PI. The group has over 40 additional research staff as described in the table below. Dr Peter Flatman has been convenor since February 2002. The group has a SHEFC-funded Laboratory Manager – Mark Patrizio. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR MEMBERSHIP OF RESEARCH GROUP Prof Alastair Aitken Post doctoral fellows Dr Helen Baxter (AR2) Dr Rob Wakefield (AR1A) Dr Alex Peden (AR1A, until end January 2003) Dr Shaun Mackie (AR1A, until end August 2003) Research and technical assistants Gaynor Campbell (joint with Chemistry) Henrietta Shaw (TGD, until end September 2003) Post graduate students Sam Clokie (AR1B, PhD) Carolyn Brechin (PhD, MRC studentship) Ross Stevenson (PhD, joint with Chemistry,) Eva Zemlickova (PhD) Dr David Apps Post doctoral fellows Dr Ulrich Wiegand (AR2) Post graduate students Angela McDonald (PhD) College Scholarship Dr Richard Ashley Research and technical assistants Nick Karoulias (AR1B) until end December 2002 Post graduate students Heather Findlay (PhD) College Scholarship Dr Mike Cousin Post doctoral fellows Dr Ruth Fowler 2001- (AR1A) Dr Orla Jupp 2001-end August 2003 (AR1A) Post graduate students Karen Smillie 2001- (PhD) College Scholarship Dr Peter Flatman Post doctoral fellows Dr Ioulia Matskevich (AR1A) Dr Mike Steele (AR1A, until July 2003) Research and technical assistants Catherine Naughton (TGC/D, until February 2003) Catriona Armstrong (TGC, from July 2003) Post graduate students Hasan Almullah (PhD, State of Bahrain, completed 2002) 3 Membrane Biology Group IDG Report 2002-2003 MBG PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR MEMBERSHIP OF RESEARCH GROUP Dr Andrew Hall Post doctoral fellows Dr Peter Bush Post graduate students Mark Kerrigan (PhD, completed 2002) MRC Studentship Dr Rory Mitchell Post doctoral fellows Melanie Johnson 1987- (MRC External Staff & UoE Honorary Fellow) Research and technical assistants Pamela Holland 1997- (TGD) Post graduate students Derek Robertson 2001-2004 (PhD) MRC Studentship Daniel Collins 2000-2003 (PhD) MRC Studentship Prof Mike Shipston Post-doctoral fellows Dr Lie Chen 2003- (AR1A) Dr Rory Duncan 1998- (AR2) Dr Stuart Rivers 2002- (AR1A) Dr Iain Rowe 2003- (AR2) Dr Lijun Tian 1996- (AR2) Dr Helene Widmer 2001- (AR2) Research and technical assistants Eliane Chirnside 2002- (TGD) Jenny Greaves 2001- (AR1B) Heather McClafferty 2003- (AR1B) Jean-Marc Huibant 2003- (TGD) Post graduate students Stephen MacDonald 2001- (PhD) BBSRC Committee studentship Lorraine Coghill 1999-2003 (PhD) College Scholarship Sompol Tapechum 1999-2003 (PhD) self-funded 4. NEW MEMBERS Dr Rory Duncan will become a full member (PI) of the MBG in October 2003 4 MBG Membrane Biology Group IDG Report 2002-2003 5. GRANTS MBG Research Grants active at 1 October 2002 Principal MBG Applicant Awarding Body Project Title Award Start End Aitken A MRC Protein complexes that regulate intracellular signal transduction: structure and regulation by phosphorylation £1,650,000 1/3/98 28/2/03 Aitken A (joint with P Sadler and 8 others in Chemistry and ICMB JIR/ Wellcome Edinburgh Protein Interactions Centre (EPIC) £4,741,409 Nov 00 Nov 05 Aitken A (joint with M Dutia & J Seckl) Wellcome Mechanisms of vestibular neuronal plasticity and its facilitation by glucocorticoids £111,650 1/10/01 30/9/03 Aitken A MRC Development of diagnostics for TSE £393,615 1/3/02 28/2/05 Aitken (joint with R Baxter, A Jones, G Whittaker (Chemistry), H Baxter (BMS), J Barton (Physics), J Ironside (WGH) Dept of Health Removal of infective protein residues from medical instruments £1,145,479 May 02 May 05 Apps D Wellcome In vivo and in vitro studies of the maturation, mobility and fusion competence of 'time stamped' secretory vesicles in neuroendocrine cells £206,973 1/7/02 30/6/05 Ashley R Wellcome Expression and function of an endoplasmic reticulum chloride channel protein £131,997 6/1/99 31/12/02 Cousin M Cunningham Trust Do neurones release glutamate by a different mechanism during epilepsy? Cousin M Wellcome Flatman P £65,938 1/9/01 30/8/03 Control of synaptic vesicle trafficking by PI-3-kinase in neurones £183,921 1/1/01 31/3/04 Wellcome The regulation of sodium potassium/chloride cotransport by phosphorylation £166,190 1/6/00 31/12/03 Flatman P BHF Regulation of magnesium transport across the plasma membrane of cardiac myocytes £109,863 1/3/01 Hall A Arthritis Research Campaign Regulation of cell volume by chondrocytes from normal and degenerate cartilage £116,639 17/11/00 16/11/03 Hall A JREI/SHEFC Visualisation of cell biology dynamics studied by confocal and multi-photon imaging £250,000 2002 Dec 04 Mitchell R MRC Membrane and Adapter Proteins Co-operative Group £147,434 1/10/99 30/9/04 29/2/04 5 MBG Membrane Biology Group IDG Report 2002-2003 Principal MBG Applicant Awarding Body Project Title Award Start End Mitchell R MRC Functional association of G protein-coupled receptors with the small G proteins ARF and Rho £157,897 1/10/99 31/7/03 Shipston M MRC Regulation of ion channel activity by glucocorticoids: a molecular genetic and proteomic analysis £289,492 1/1/02 31/12/04 Shipston M Wellcome BK channel subunit expression in identified mammalian CNS neurones £209,437 1/10/99 30/11/03 Shipston M Wellcome Spacio-temporal studies of interactions of DOC2 with Munc13 and Munc18 in vivo £281,383 1/8/00 31/7/03 Total of existing grants: £10,359,317 New MBG Grants from 1 October 2002 – 30 September 2003 Principal Applicant Awarding Body Project Title Award Start End Cousin M Wellcome Control of synaptic vesicle recycling by the phosphorylation status of dynamin I (to be activated) £183,000 2003 2006 Duncan R Wellcome Use of photoactive proteins as acceptor molecules in resonance energy transfer interaction assays £187,401 1/1/03 31/12/04 Hall A Royal College of Surgeons of Edin Physiology of the Human Growth Plate £5,800 Aug 03 Jul 04 Shipston M Wellcome Alternative splicing of calciumactivated potassium channels £835,580 1/10/02 30/9/07 Shipston M BBSRC Targeting of kinase/phosphatase signaling complexes to BK channels mediated by leucine zipper domains £275,528 15/2/03 15/2/06 Total of new grants: £1,487,309 6 Membrane Biology Group IDG Report 2002-2003 MBG 6. STUDENTSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS 6.1. New Studentships Carolyn Brechin (MRC) 6.2. New Post-doctoral Fellows Dr Lie Chen Dr Iain Rowe Dr Stuart Rivers 7. PUBLICATIONS 1. Aitken A (2002) Functional specificity in 14-3-3 isoform interactions through dimer formation and phosphorylation. Chromosome location of mammalian isoforms and variants, Plant Molecular Biology 50: 993-1010 2. Aitken A (2003) Identification of phosphoamino acids by thin layer electrophoresis, in Proteins and Proteomics. A Laboratory Manual, ed. Simpson R, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, p 880-881 3. Aitken A (2003) Modification of phosphoamino acids to facilitate identification, in Proteins and Proteomics. A Laboratory Manual, ed. Simpson R, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, p 877-879 4. Aitken A (2003) Protein consensus sequence motifs, Methods in Molecular Biology 211: 465-485 5. Aitken A (2003) Solid Phase microsequencing of phosphopeptides, in Proteins and Proteomics. A Laboratory Manual, ed. Simpson R, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, p 329-331 6. Aitken A, Baxter H, Dubois T, Clokie S, Mackie S, Mitchell K, Peden A, Zemlickova E (2002) Specificity of 14-3-3 isoform dimer interactions and phosphorylation, Biochemical Society Transactions 30: 351-360 7. Aitken A, Learmonth M (2002) Protein identification by in-gel digestion and mass spectrometric analysis, Molecular Biotechnology 20: 95-97 8. Aitken A, Learmonth M (2003) Analysis of sites of protein phosphorylation, Methods in Molecular Biology 211: 385-398 9. Aitken A, Learmonth M (2003) Quantitation and location of disulfide bonds in proteins, Methods in Molecular Biology 211: 399-410 10. Ashley RH (2002) Challenging accepted ion channel biology: p64 and the CLIC family of putative intracellular anion channel proteins, Molecular Membrane Biology 20: 1-11 11. Baxter H, Liu WG, Forster JL, Aitken A, Fraser JR (2002) Immunolocalisation of 14-3-3 isoforms in normal and scrapie-infected murine brain, Neuroscience 109: 5-14 12. Baxter HC, Fraser JR, Liu WG, Forster JL, Clokie S, Steinacker P, Otto M, Bahn E, Wiltfang J, Aitken A (2002) Specific 14-3-3 isoform detection and immunolocalization in prion diseases, Biochemical Society Transactions 30: 387-391 13. Bush PG, Hall AC (2003) The volume and morphology of chondrocytes within normal and degenerate human articular cartilage, Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 11: 242-251 14. Bush PG, Huntley JS, Brenkel IJ, Hall AC (2003). The shape of things to come – chondrocytes and osteoarthrosis. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 26(5):249-251 15. Chaudhri M, Scarabel M, Aitken A (2003) Mammalian and yeast 14-3-3 isoforms form distinct patterns of dimers in vivo, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 300: 679-685 16. Chen H-K, Fernandez-Funez P, Acevedo SF, Lam YC, Kaytor MD, Fernandez MH, Aitken A, Skoulakis EMC, Orr HT, Botas J & Zoghbi HY (2003) Interaction of Akt-Phosphorylated Ataxin-1 with 14-3-3 Mediates Neurodegeneration in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1. Cell 113: 457-468 7 Membrane Biology Group IDG Report 2002-2003 MBG 17. Chin MC, Shipston MJ & Antoni FA (2002) Post-translational modulation of glucocorticoid feedback inhibition at the pituitary level. Endocrinology 143: 3796-3801 18. Cousin MA, Malladi CS, Tan TC, Raymond CR, Smillie KJ, Robinson PJ (2003) Synapsin l-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mediates synaptic vesicle delivery to the readily releasble pool, Journal of Biological Chemistry 278: 29065-29071 19. Cousin MA (2003) Use of FM1-43 and other derivatives to investigate neuronal function. Current Protocols in Neuroscience. Unit 2.6: 1-12 20. Dubois T, Howell S, Zemlickova E, Aitken A (2002) Identification of casein kinase Ialpha interacting protein partners, FEBS Letters 517: 167-171 21. Dubois T, Howell S, Zemlickova E, Learmonth M, Cronshaw A, Aitken A (2003) Novel in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation sites on protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor CPI-17, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 302: 186-192 22. Dubois T, Kerai P, Learmonth M, Cronshaw A, Aitken A (2002) Identification of syntaxin-1A sites of phosphorylation by casein kinase I and casein kinase II, European Journal of Biochemistry 269: 909-914 23. Dubois T, Zemlickova E, Howell S, Aitken A (2003) Centaurin-alpha(1) associates in vitro and in vivo with nucleolin, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 301: 502-508 24. Duncan RR, Greaves J, Tapechum S, Apps DK, Shipston MJ, Chow RH (2002) Efficacy of Semliki Forest virus transduction of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: an analysis of heterologous protein targeting and distribution, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 971: 641-646 25. Duncan RR, Greaves J, Wiegand UK, Matskevich I, Bodammer G, Apps DK, Shipston MJ, Chow RH (2003) Functional and spatial segregation of secretory vesicle pools according to vesicle age, Nature 422: 176-180 26. Erxleben C, Everhart AL, Romeo C, Florance H, Bauer MB, Alcorta DA, Rossie S, Shipston MJ & Armstrong DL (2002) Interacting effects of N-terminal variation and STREX-exon splicing on slo potassium channel regulation by calcium, phosphorylation and oxidation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277: 27045-27052 27. Erxleben C, Everhart A, Romeo C, Florance H, Bauer MB, Alcorta DA, Rossie S, Shipston MJ & Armstrong DL (2002) Full length KCNMA1 channels cannot make heads and tails with STREX. Biophysical Journal 82(1): 997 28. Flatman PW (2002) Regulation of Na-K-2Cl cotransport by phosphorylation and protein- protein interactions, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1566: 140-151 29. Flatman PW (2003) Magnesium transport, in Red Cell Membrane Transport in Health and Disease, ed. Bernhardt I and Ellory JC, Springer-Verlag, Berlin p 407-434 30. Garry EM, Moss A, Rosie R, Delaney A, Mitchell R, Fleetwood-Walker SM. (2003) Specific involvement in neuropathic pain of AMPA receptors and adapter proteins for the GluR2 subunit. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 24: 10-22 31. Garry EM, Moss A, Delaney A, O'Neill F, Blakemore J, Bowen J, Husi H, Mitchell R, Grant SG, Fleetwood-Walker SM (2003) Neuropathic Sensitization of Behavioral Reflexes and Spinal NMDA Receptor/CaM Kinase II Interactions Are Disrupted in PSD-95 Mutant Mice. Curr Biol 13(4):321-328 32. Graeser R, Gannon J, Poon RY, Dubois T, Aitken A, Hunt T (2002) Regulation of the CDK-related protein kinase PCTAIRE-1 and its possible role in neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2A cells, Journal of Cell Science 115: 3479-3490 33. Greaves J, Duncan RR, Tapechum S, Apps DK, Shipston MJ, Chow RH (2002) Use of ANF-EGFP for the visualization of secretory vesicles in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 971: 275-276 34. Hall AC, Bush PG, Davidson M, & Kempson SA (2003) Equine Articular Cartilage Chondrocytes – Opening the Black Box. Equine Vet J 35(5), 425-428 35. Henriksson ML, Francis MS, Peden A, Aila M, Stefansson K, Palmer R, Aitken A, Hallberg B (2002) A nonphosphorylated 14-3-3 binding motif on exoenzyme S that is functional in vivo, European Journal of Biochemistry 269: 4921-4929 36. Huntley JS, Bush PG, Hall AC, Macnicol MF (2003) Looking at the living human growth plate, Canadian Medical Association Journal 168: 459-460 8 Membrane Biology Group IDG Report 2002-2003 MBG 37. Johnson MS, Lutz EM, Firbank S, Holland PJ, Mitchell R (2003) Functional interactions between native Gs-coupled 5-HT receptors in HEK-293 cells and the heterologously expressed serotonin transporter. Cell Signal 15(8):803-811 38. Martin NC, McCullough CT, Bush PG, Sharp L, Hall AC, Harrison DJ (2002) Functional analysis of mouse hepatocytes differing in DNA content: volume, receptor expression, and effect of IFNgamma, Journal of Cellular Physiology 191: 138-144 39. McCulloch DA, MacKenzie CJ, Johnson MS, Robertson DN, Holland PJ, Ronaldson E, Lutz EM, Mitchell R (2002) Additional signals from VPAC/PAC family receptors, Biochemical Society Transactions 30: 441446 40. Mitchell R, Robertson DN, Holland PJ, Collins D, Lutz EM, Johnson MS (2003) ADP-ribosylation factordependent phospholipase D activation by the M3 muscarinic receptor. J Biol Chem 278(36):33818-33830 41. Moss A, Blackburn-Munro G, Garry EM, Blakemore JA, Dickinson T, Rosie R, Mitchell R, FleetwoodWalker SM (2002) A role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in neuropathic pain. J Neurosci 22(4):13631372 42. Pollard HB, Apps DK (2002) New technologies in exocytosis and ion movement, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 971: 617-619 43. Proutski I, Karoulias N, Ashley RH (2002) Overexpressed chloride intracellular channel protein CLIC4 (p64H1) is an essential component of novel plasma membrane anion channels, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 297: 317-322 44. Robertson DN, Johnson MS, Moggach LO, Holland PJ, Lutz EM, Mitchell R (2003) Selective interaction of ARF1 with the carboxy-terminal tail domain of the 5-HT2A receptor. Molecular Pharmacology 64: 1-13 45. Ronaldson E, Robertson DN, Johnson MS, Holland PJ, Mitchell R, Lutz EM (2002) Specific interaction between the hop1 intracellular loop 3 domain of the human PAC(1) receptor and ARF, Regulatory Peptides 109: 193-198 46. Sribar J, Sherman NE, Prijatelj P, Faure G, Gubensek F, Fox JW, Aitken A, Pungercar J, Krizaj I (2003) The neurotoxic phospholipase A(2) associates, through a non-phosphorylated binding motif, with 14-3-3 protein gamma and varepsilon isoforms, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 302: 691696 47. Tan TC, Valova VA, Malladi CS, Graham ME, Berven LE, Jupp OJ, Hansra G, McClure SJ, Sarcevic B, Boadle RA, Larsen MR, Cousin MA, Robinson PJ (2003) Cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is essential for synaptic vesicle endocytosis, Nature Cell Biology 5: 701-710 48. Tian L., Coghill LC, MacDonald SH-F, Armstrong DL & Shipston MJ (2003) Leucine zipper domain targets PKA to mammalian BK channels. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278:8669-8677 49. Widmer H, Rowe ICM & Shipston MJ (2003) Conditional protein phosphorylation regulates BK channel activity in rat cerebellar Purkinje neurones. Journal of Physiology (in press) 50. Wiegand UK, Don-Wauchope A, Matskevich I, Duncan RR, Greaves J, Shipston MJ, Apps DK, Chow RH (2002) Exocytosis studies in a chromaffin cell-free system: imaging of single-vesicle exocytosis in a chromaffin cell-free system using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 971: 257-261 51. Wiegand UK, Duncan RR, Greaves J, Chow RH, Shipston MJ, Apps DK (2003) Red, yellow, green go! – a novel tool for microscopic segregation of secretory vesicle pools according to their age. Biochem Soc Trans 31: 851-856 52. Zemlickova E, Dubois T, Kerai P, Clokie S, Cronshaw AD, Wakefield RID, Johannes F-J & Aitken A (2003) Centaurin-a1 associates with and is phosphorylated by isoforms of protein kinase C. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 306, 459-465 Dr Peter Flatman Convener MBG Group IDG October 2003 9