Chapter 11 Vocabulary
Define the following:
1. Genetics- all studies that encompass the passing on of traits from
parent to offspring (study of heredity)
2. Trait- Any visible characteristic or attribute seen in an organism (eye
color, hair color, dimples, freckles etc.)
3. Gene- sequence/segment of DNA/chromatid that codes for a trait,
enzyme, or protein
4. Alleles- Factors of inheritance or versions of a gene (form of a gene).
5. Dominant- allele that is expressed as a trait and masks or hides the
allele paired with it. Most statistically probable outcome in
a population. Represented by a capital letter
6. Recessive- allele that is carried but not expressed when paired with a
dominant allele (hidden or masked trait). Represented by a
lowercase letter.
7. Heterozygous- having two different alleles for a trait (one dominant,
and one recessive -Tt). Homologous chromosomes have
non-identical alleles on them.
8. Homozygous- having two of the same alleles for a trait (both dominant
or both recessive TT,tt) Homologous chromosomes have
identical allele/gene pairings.
9. Genotype- the genetic make-up of an organism usually represented by
letters for specific traits.
10. Phenotype- the physical/visible characteristics expressed. This would
be a description of the organism in a genetic cross.
11. Label the following words on the diagram:
Chromosome Chromatid Gene Allele
A
B
C
A
B
C
D D
E
E
F
a
b
c
d
allele
gene
e
F
Chromosome
f
Chromatid
12. Did Mendel understand the concept of the gene?
13. Sequence the following in the order of largest (most inclusive) 1 to
smallest (least inclusive) 4.
______Allele______ DNA _____ Chromosome _____Gene
14. If Mendel were to look at pea color as a genetic trait, how would he
symbolize the alleles for this trait if all yellow offspring resulted
from a cross pollination of a green pea plant with a yellow pea plant?
Dominant allele_______
Recessive allele_______
15. Define each of these words and then place the words under the
diagram that fits each description:
HeterozygousHomozygous-
A
B
C
A A
B
B
C
C
D D
E
F
E
F
A
B
C
D D
E
F
E
F
Homozygous- having identical alleles
A
B
C
A
B
C
a
b
c
D D
E
F
E
F
d
e
f
a
b
c
d
e
f
Heterozygous- having different alleles
Using these words label the diagram:
Gamete
P Generation
F1 Generation (zygotes)
Punnett Square
Phenotype
Genotype
______________
TT
T
___________________
X tt
T
t
T
T
___________________
t
t
t
t
_______________
Tt, Tt, Tt, Tt
t
t
_______________
All Tall