Study Guide for Chapter 9 – Cell Division
- Identify the structure and function of the following terms: spindle fibers, centrosomes,
centromeres, sister chromatids, cell plates, cytokinesis, cleavage furrow
- Sexual vs. asexual reproduction
- Differentiate between a normal and abnormal karyotype; purpose of karyotype and
amniocentesis.
- Cell Cycle: names and what occurs during each part of cycle
- Mitosis
o Order of phases
o What events occur during each phase of mitosis and interphase
- Lab
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Light microscopes – know structure and function
Staining- technique and purpose
Calculate percentage and recognize different mitotic phases from pictures
Recognize different mitotic steps using a microscope
- Cancer
o Vocabulary terms
o Causes and treatment
o Cost and benefit analysis
- Calculations: If given one of the following numbers can figure out the rest: sister
chromatids, chromosomes, haploid number, diploid number
- Meiosis
o Compare and contrast to mitosis at least two ways each
o Identify the various parts Meiosis I and Meiosis II- similarities and differences.
o Vocabulary: Sections 9.5 & 9.6 (Terms #20 to #31) & spermatogenesis, oogenesis,
independent assortment
o Genetic variety – two ways
- Explain how spermatogenesis is similar and different from oogenesis.
- Identify and explain what stage a cell is in mitosis
ANSWERS
Study Guide for Chapter 9 – Cell Division
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Identify the structure and function of the following terms: spindle fibers, centrosomes, centromeres,
sister chromatids, cell plates, cytokinesis, cleavage furrow
Refer to Notes diagrams: Chromosomes Duplicate and Mitosis.
Sexual vs. asexual reproduction- Sexual 2 parents w/ genetic variety, one parent identical parent.
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Differentiate between a normal and abnormal karyotype; purpose of karyotype and amniocentesis.
Normal: 46 chromosomes, 23 homologous pairs (mom & dad) 1-22 pairs body (autosome)
chromosomes, 23rd pair sex chromosomes. Too many or not enough chromosomes may lead to
miscarriage and defects in animals, may benefit plants. Amniocentesis- taking fluid from pregnant
female to make a karyotype.
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Cell Cycle: names and what occurs during each part of cycle: See notes Cell Cycle and drawing. G1growth/function; S-DNA double, function; G2-growth, function, check to see if ready to divide; Mnucleus divides into 2, Cytokinesis-rest of cell divides into 2.
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Mitosis
o Order of phases: Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
o What events occur during each phase of mitosis and interphase: See notes and above.
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Lab
o Light microscopes – know structure and function: objective lens, calculate magnification by
multiplying.
o Staining- technique and purpose
o Calculate percentage and recognize different mitotic phases from pictures
o Recognize different mitotic steps using a microscope
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Cancer
o Vocabulary terms: benign, malignant, stage, grade,
o Causes and treatment- disruption of cell cycle; surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
o Cost and benefit analysis- Is treatment worth it in long run?
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Calculations: If given one of the following numbers can figure out the rest: sister chromatids,
chromosomes, haploid number, diploid number- human cell 46 chromosomes diploid number (sister
chromatids 92), haploid-23,
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Meiosis
o Compare and contrast to mitosis at least two ways each- see notes Venn diagram
o Identify the various parts Meiosis I and Meiosis II- similarities and differences. See notes
diagrams: Meiosis I- cut number of chromosomes in half, Meiosis II- equal division of the
sister chromosomes
o Vocabulary: Sections 9.5 & 9.6 (Terms #20 to #31) & spermatogenesis- 4 haploid sperms,
oogenesis- 1 egg and 3 polar bodies, independent assortment- chromosomes line up
randomly as homologous pairs during Meiosis I.
o Genetic variety – two ways: crossing over and independent assortment
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Explain how spermatogenesis is similar and different from oogenesis- above
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Identify and explain what stage a cell is in mitosis- see mitosis diagram from notes