FLASHCARD DATA FOR MODERN HUMAN VARIATION
Topic 1: Overview
Topic 2: Models of Classification
Topic 3: Distribution of Blood Types
1.
A kind of biological trait distribution in which there is a continuous,
progressive gradation moving from one geographic region to another. The
gradual decrease in frequency of the B blood allele going west in Europe is
an example of this trend.
2. A kind of biological trait distribution in which there are relatively isolated
pockets with relatively high frequencies of people who have a particular
trait or variation of a trait.
3. A model or system for classifying people based on the false assumption
that humans can be unambiguously placed into "races" on the basis of
selected traits such as skin color, hair form, and body shape. Advocates of
this approach incorrectly believe that there are more or less distinct
populations of people from different geographic regions. This model is the
basis for our “folk categories” of race widely used around the world.
4. A model or system for classifying people based on the assumption that the
only biologically distinct groups are long isolated breeding populations
whose evolutionary paths have separated from other populations.
5. A model or system for classifying people based on the fact that genetically
inherited traits often gradually change in frequency from one geographic
region to another--that is, they change in clines or progressively changing
zones of degree difference with movement from one region to another.
6. The most commonly known human blood typing system in which there are
4 distinct types: A, B, AB, and O. An individual inherits one of these types
from his or her parents and does not change it throughout life.
7. Any of the distinct varieties of humanity assumed by some people to exist,
based on the discredited typological model of human variation. Such
groups are commonly distinguished on the basis of visibly observable traits
such as skin color, hair form, and body shape. These archaic concepts of
physical types have little biological reality. They do, however, generally
reflect socially recognized culturally defined ethnic groupings of people.
8. The presumed human "race" consisting of Europeans and other closely
related people. The classification is based on the discredited typological
model. The term was derived from the Caucasus Mountains southeast of
Europe between the Black and Caspian Seas. This region was once
thought to be the homeland of these people.
9. The presumed human "race" consisting of Asians and other closely related
people. This classification is based on the discredited typological model.
The term was derived from the Mongolians of north central Asia.
10. The presumed human "race" consisting mostly of Sub-Saharan Africans.
This classification is based on the discredited typological model. The term
was derived from the Latin word for the color black.
11. The most common ABO blood type around the world. It is particularly high
in frequency among the indigenous populations of Central and South
America, where it approaches 100%.
clinal distribution
discontinuous
distribution
typological model
of human variation
populational model
of human variation
clinal model of
human variation
ABO blood typing
system
race
Caucasoid
Mongoloid
Negroid
O blood type
12
The rarest ABO blood type in the world. It is at its highest in central Asia
where only 20-30% of the people have it. This blood type is lowest among
the indigenous populations of the Americas and Australia.
13. The second most rare ABO blood type around the world—10-35% of the
people in most populations have it. It is at its highest frequencies in small,
unrelated populations, especially the Blackfoot Indians of Montana, the
Australian Aborigines, and the Lapps, or Saami people, of Northern
Scandinavia. It apparently was absent among Central and South American
Indians.
14. The Diego blood type that is only found among Native Americans and East
Asians. This nonrandom distribution pattern fits well with the hypothesis of
an East Asian origin for Native Americans.
Copyright © 2004-2012 by Dennis O'Neil. All rights reserved.
B blood type
A blood type
Diego positive