7-2009
Phenol causes two problems. One is the direct destruction of tissue. The other is the toxic effect of phenol after it is absorbed into the skin and enters the bloodstream.
Therefore, decontamination must begin as soon as possible to minimize phenol absorption.
As phenol may have anesthetic effects, it may cause tissue damage before the casualty feels any pain. Therefore, treatment must occur immediately after noticing the exposure.
Using gloves, a lab coat, and eye protection are essential when using phenol. Nitrile gloves work poorly with phenol, so use an alternative such as latex, neoprene, or vinyl.
DEALING WITH LIMITED EXPOSURE
For example, to remove phenol from a finger, hand, arm, or another part of the body not exceeding 5 to 10 percent of the body surface.
1. Remove contaminated clothing if relevant.
2. Swab the contaminated area of skin with polyethylene glycol (PEG 300 or 400) until there is no detectable odor of phenol. Be gentle to avoid tissue damage, using cotton gauze or swabs if available. It may take 15-30 minutes to wash out the phenol.
3. When the phenol seems to be removed, the area can be rinsed with water.
4. Seek medical attention if more than a tiny amount of tissue is damaged.
Note: Phenol is only marginally soluble in water, but very soluble in PEG 300/400
(which is liquid). The objective of using PEG is to solubilize the phenol and extract it from the skin. If PEG is not available, 70% isopropanol works about as well. What is important is to have a dedicated bottle of PEG or isopropanol in an accessible place, like in a first aid kit. Just using water has little effect, and may make things worse.
DEALING WITH EYE EXPOSURE
1. Flush exposed or irritated eyes with copious amounts of water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if easily removable without additional trauma to the eye.
2. Get to a hospital immediately (or call 911).
Note: It is not established if PEG helps with eye injuries more than water. Eyes are easily damaged by phenol. Using eye protection when working with phenol is therefore extraordinarily important!!!
DEALING WITH MAJOR EXPOSURE
For example, when large body areas have been contaminated and the person's clothing is soaked in phenol.
1. Have someone call 911 for emergeny aid. Shock and death may be imminent.
2. Rush to remove all phenol-soaked clothing under a water shower at full blast.
3. Start to swab or flood the most affected area with PEG.