Belyuen Community Government Council
November 2009
THIRD
EDITION
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES
MANUAL
Creating a Safer Community
FORWARD
I am pleased to present to the Belyuen Community Government Council and
Community Members the third edition of the Emergency Management Procedures
Manual.
This manual provides the Emergency Management Committee and Major Disaster
Response Team with set procedures for the management of natural and or
manmade disasters which have the potential to harm property and life.
Several additions to this manual include tsunami, earthquakes and further
information on disasters. This information has been sought from several
organisations such as the Northern Territory Emergency Services, Northern Territory
Fire and Rescue Service, Bureau of Meteorology, Emergency Management Australia
and Geoscience Australia.
The manual replaces the second edition (2006). Some changes were required to this
manual, as in January 2007 Belyuen had experienced their first cyclone in several
years. Tropical Cyclone Helen was only a category two and once on mainland was
downgraded to a tropical low. The Belyuen Community felt the effects, with: no
power and fresh drinking water; no communications to the outside world; and, little to
no assistance from emergency services. The Management Committee and
Community now know that they are on their own and must be self-sufficient.
Cyclone Helen had taken the community by surprise. For a number of years with
cyclone watches and warnings no cyclones actually reached the Belyuen
Community. But now the community understands the importance of being prepared.
Other changes to the manual include titles being changed, and the introduction of
the Belyuen Community Night Patrol and Community Emergency Survival Kits.
I would like to particularly thank Kenton Winsley for sharing his wealth of knowledge
in emergency planning and Mark Perejuan, Steven Brown, Leanne Twomey and
Geoff Hutchinson who assisted with the final drafting of the Plan.
Yours Sincerely
Cathy Winsley
Chief Executive Officer
Belyuen Community Government Council
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Contents
Introduction
4
Emergency Contact Directory
6
Emergency Management Committee
8
Disaster Response Team
11
Emergency Warning System
14
Tropical Cyclones Bureau of Meteorology
Cyclone Watch
Cyclone Warning
Imminent Threat
Post Cyclone
15
26
29
32
35
Severe Storms
Action Guide Northern Territory Emergency Services
38
Structure Fires
42
Basic Fire Awareness and Safety Guide Northern Territory Fire and Rescue
Service
Earthquakes
Action Guide Northern Territory Emergency Services
56
Tsunami
Action Guide Bureau of Meteorology and Geoscience Australia
59
Appendix
63
Radio Operating Procedures
63
Personal Protective Equipment
66
Emergency Survival Kits (Community Houses)
67
Is your house safe in a cyclone?
___________
Is your house prepared for a cyclone?
Improving the safety offered by your home in a cyclone
Northern Territory Arrangements Legislation
68
States of Disaster and Emergency Information
70
Night Patrol External Cyclone Plan
72
Belyuen Community Health Centre – Remote Health Cyclone Plan
Cyclone plan for Government Business Managers
77
Risk Assessment Guide – Belyuen
79
Reference
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80
Introduction
The purpose of this manual is to provide Belyuen Community with guidelines and
procedures for the management of natural and or manmade disasters which have
the potential to cause harm to life and or property.
This manual is has been prepared by the Belyuen Community Government Council
in conjunction with the guidelines and advice from:








Northern Territory Emergency Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)
Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)
Northern Territory Police (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)
Department of Health and Families (www.health.nt.gov.au)
Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology (www.bom.gov.au)
Emergency Management Australia (www.ema.gov.au)
Geoscience Australia (www.ga.gov.au)
St John Ambulance NT Inc (www.stjohnnt.org.au)
Community Description:
Belyuen Community has a population of approximately 200 people and is
surrounded by bush land.
Council Area:
The Belyuen Community Government Council area comprises 4091 hectares of land
at Belyuen, being section twenty hundred of Bray.
Belyuen Council:
Belyuen Council is a Local Government Council and provides core local government
services as well as a number of non core services typical of an Indigenous
Community Council.
For
more
information
on
Belyuen
Council
go
to
website:
www.nt.gov/shirenet/belyuen/
Delissaville Social Club:
Belyuen Store operation hours are as follows:
Monday to Friday – 0800-1700
Saturday – 0800-1200
Sunday – Closed
Unleaded and Diesel are available.
Belyuen Primary School:
School is from preschool – year 6
Belyuen Community Health Centre:
Providing primary health care and after hours emergency care
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Aerodrome Description
Delissaville Aerodrome is 1.8km south west of the Belyuen Community along a
sealed road. The land on which the aerodrome is sited is forested.
The aerodrome is used by charter aircraft, flying training aircraft and Aerial Medical
aircraft.
Primary Runway – south east North West direction 12/30 has natural surface
pavement
857 x 30 metres, contained by a graded runway strip of 977 x 90 metres delineated
by white painted ½ 250 litre drums as g
Acknowledgements
Cathy Winsley
Teresa Timber
Mark Perejuan
Leanne Twomey
Kenton Winsley
Leslie Nilco
Mark Bil Bil
Steven Brown
Timothy Web
John Sampson
Glenn Castillan
Robert Caddies
John McLean
Geoffrey Hutchison
Northern Territory Emergency Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)
Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)
Northern Territory Police (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)
Department of Health and Families (www.health.nt.gov.au)
Department of Education and Training (www.det.nt.gov.au)
Bureau of Meteorology (www.bom.gov.au)
Emergency Management Australia (www.ema.gov.au)
Geoscience Australia (www.ga.gov.au)
Queensland Government State Emergency Services (www.emergency.qld.gov.au)
The Belyuen Community Government Council and the Emergency Management
Committee would like to acknowledge the continuing support from St John
Ambulance NT Inc who provides an ambulance including a paramedic (Kenton
Winsley)
Disclaimer: this manual is only for Belyuen Community Government Council. People
living outside the Belyuen Community must seek advice from Northern Territory
Emergency Service or the Northern Territory Police before acting on the material in
this
manual.
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Emergency Contact Directory
Police, Fire, Ambulance and Emergency Services
000
Police non urgent
Palmerston
Humpty Doo
131 444
8999 3422
8988 0200
Power and Water Corporation
(Emergency 24hr)
1800 245 090
Bureau of Meteorology
(Cyclone Warnings)
(Other Warnings)
1300 659 211
1300 659 214
Australian Search & Rescue Co-ordination Centre
(Maritime)
(Aviation)
1800 641 792
1800 815 257
National Security Hotline
1800 123 400
Emergency Animal Disease Watch
1800 675 888
Pollution Hotline
1800 064 567
NT Health Direct
1800 186 026
Poisons Information Centre
13 11 26
Royal Darwin Hospital
8922 8888
Customs Watch Hotline
1800 061 800
Australian Red Cross
1800 811 700
Life Line Australia
13 11 14
Wildlife Rescue Darwin
0409 090 840
Belyuen Community Government Council
89785071
Belyuen Community Health Centre
89785023
Belyuen Primary School
89785085
Belyuen Community Store
89785078
Belyuen Community – Imabulk Centre
89785140
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Belyuen Community – Workshop
89785420
Emergency Contact Directory contd.
Cathy Winsley
Chief Executive Officer
(Business Hours)
(After Hours)
89785071
89785493
Teresa Timber
Community Liaison Officer
(Business Hours)
89785071
Mark Perejuan
Mechanic / Essential Service Officer
Aerodrome Reporting Officer
(Business Hours)
(After Hours)
89785420
0409100444
Kenton Winsley
Paramedic / Aboriginal Health Worker
Community Liaison Officer
(Business Hours)
(After Hours)
(Ambulance)
(RDH)
(Government)
0400103227
89785493
89221503
89228888
89995511
John Sampson
Belyuen Community Night Patrol
(Business Hours)
(After Hours)
(Sat Phone)
89351200
0447800960
0424213293
Leslie Nilco
Community Liaison Officer
(Business Hours)
(After Hours)
89785071
89785415
Geoff Hutchison
Belyuen Community Health Centre Manager
(Business Hours)
(After Hours)
89785023
89785023
Leanne Twomey
Aged Care Coordinator
(Business Hours)
(After Hours)
89785140
0409100444
Glenn Castillon
Government Business Manager
(Business Hours)
0281978174
0281978173
04147142983
89785288
0418687604
(Sat Phone)
(After Hours)
Steven Brown..................................................... (Business Hours)
CDEP Supervisor
(After hours)
(Mini bus)
0488987975
0417817525
0407325957
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Emergency Management Committee
The Emergency Management Committee was created to develop emergency
management procedures for natural or manmade disasters. The guidelines
developed are in accordance with best practice guidelines from:
 Northern Territory Emergency Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)
 Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)
 Northern Territory Police (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)
 Department of Health and Families (www.health.nt.gov.au)
 Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology (www.bom.gov.au)
 Emergency Management Australia (www.ema.gov.au)
 Geoscience Australia (www.ga.gov.au)
The Emergency Management Committee has taken guidelines from the above
agencies and has tailored the guidelines for Belyuen Community.
The Emergency Management Committee is coordinated by the Chief Executive
Officer.
The Emergency Management Committee will
activate the Disaster Response Team.
Each year the Emergency Management
Committee must allocate members for Disaster
Response Team whom the Belyuen Community
Government Council and the Emergency
Management Committee deem fit to undertake
the roles.
(A) The Emergency Management Committee
comprises of the following
 Chief Executive Officer
 Community Liaison Officers
 Essential Service Officers
 CDEP Supervisor
 Delissaville Community Store Manager
 Aged Care Coordinator
 Belyuen Community Health Centre
 Belyuen Primary School
 Yilli Rreung Housing Aboriginal Corporation Housing Manager
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(B) The Role of the Emergency Management Committee
 Meet twice a year to review and update procedures when necessary
 Manage the Disaster Response Team
 Deal with emergencies as they arise
 Organise training
 Advise Belyuen Council of any changes to the Emergency Procedures Manual
 Organise a community clean up day, yearly
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Emergency Management Committee Activation Guide
Care
Aged
Coordinator
Rreung
Yilli
Housing
Manager
Belyuen
Community
Primary School
Belyuen
Community
Health Centre
Delissaville
Store Manager
Essential
Service Officers
CDEP
Supervisors
Community
Liaison Officers
Chief Executive
Officer
Cyclone
(Watch)
Cyclone
(Warning)
Cyclone
(Imminent)
Cyclone
(Post)
Structure Fire
Severe Storms
Disaster Response Team Activation Guide
Care
Aged
Coordinator
Rreung
Yilli
Housing
Manager
Response
Personnel
Night
Belyuen
Community
Health Centre
Belyuen
Patrol
Essential
Service Officers
CDEP
Supervisors
Community
Liaison Officers
Chief Executive
Officer
Cyclone
(Watch)
Cyclone
(Warning)
Cyclone
(Imminent)
Cyclone
(Post)
Structure Fire
Severe Storms
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Disaster Response Team
The role of the Disaster Response Team is to implement this manual and be on the
front line of defence for the Community.
Persons may hold a position on both Emergency Management Committee and the
Disaster Response Team.
(A) Disaster Response Team comprises of the following:
 Community Liaison Officers
 Chief Executive Officer
 Response Personnel
 Essential Services
 CDEP Supervisor
 Belyuen Community Health Centre
 Belyuen Community Night Patrol
 Aged Care Coordinator
 Yilli Rreung Housing Aboriginal Corporation Housing Manager
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(B) The Role of the Disaster Response Team
 Implement guidelines set by the Emergency Management Committee
 Deal with emergencies as they arise
 Receive information from the Emergency Management Committee
(C) Delegated Roles
Chief Executive Officer
The role of the Chief Executive Officer is to oversee the Disaster Response Team in
accordance with this manual. The Chief Executive Officer is to:
 Activate the Disaster Response Team as per activation guide
 Inform relevant authorities as per activation guide
Community Liaison Officers
The role of the Community Liaison Officers is to liaise with Community Members and
the Disaster Response Team.
 Direct support to Chief Executive Officer
 Provide regular updates relating to disaster
 Maintain a completed community profile
 Provide support to the community
 Liaise with Belyuen Community Night Patrol, Belyuen Community Health
Centre and Delissaville Community Store
Essential Services
The Essential Service team have a large role throughout the manual. The Essential
Service will receive support and assistance from all available personnel.
The roles of the Essential Services are:
 Coordinate the Response Personnel
 Direct the CDEP Supervisor
 Maintain emergency equipment and supplies
 Prepare the community for the disaster
 Maintain power, water and sewage
 Maintain airstrip
Response Personnel and CDEP Supervisor
 Carry out task as directed by the Essential Service Officer
 Maintain emergency equipment and supplies
 Maintain readiness for potential disasters
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Disaster Response Team
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Emergency Warning System
An emergency warning system has been developed to provide the community with a
warning sound, that during an imminent threat of a cyclone, community members
need to take shelter. Allocation of where to take shelter will be discussed with the
community during a cyclone warning period.
During a cyclone warning, a Community Liaison Officer will discuss possible shelters
and inform community members that once the emergency warning systems has
been activated community members need to take shelter.
The emergency warning system will continue to sound until the power is
disconnected, if power failure occurs before the standard warning system can be
activated then the megaphone siren will be activated.
The Emergency Warning Siren must only be used for:

Cyclone Shelter
Persons authorised to activate the Emergency Warning Siren:
 Chief Executive Officer and or their delegate.
The Emergency Management Committee must maintain the Emergency Warning
System yearly; it must be stored in a safe area, but available to the Emergency
Management Committee.
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Tropical
Cyclones
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Tropical Cyclone Information – Bureau of Meteorology
What is a Tropical Cyclone?
Tropical Cyclones are low pressure systems that form over warm tropical waters
and have gale force winds (sustained winds of 63 km/h
or greater and gusts in excess of 90 km/h) near the
centre. Technically they are defined as a non-frontal low
pressure system of synoptic scale developing over
warm waters having organised convection and a
maximum mean wind speed of 34 knots or greater
extending more than half-way around near the centre
and persisting for at least six hours.
The gale force winds can extend hundreds of kilometres
from the cyclone centre. If the sustained winds around the centre reach 118 km/h
(gusts in excess 165 km/h) then the system is called a severe tropical cyclone.
These are referred to as hurricanes or typhoons in other countries.
The circular eye or centre of a tropical cyclone is an area characterised by light
winds and often by clear skies. Eye diameters are typically 40 km but can range from
under 10 km to over 100 km. The eye is surrounded by a dense ring of cloud about
16 km high known as the eye wall which marks the belt of strongest winds and
heaviest rainfall.
Tropical cyclones derive their energy from the warm tropical oceans and do not
form unless the sea-surface temperature is above 26.5°C, although once formed,
they can persist over lower sea-surface temperatures. Tropical cyclones can persist
for many days and may follow quite erratic paths. They usually dissipate over land or
colder oceans.
Most of the northern coastline of Australia is covered by the Bureau's weather radar
network
Cyclone danger and impacts
Tropical Cyclones are dangerous because they produce destructive winds, heavy
rainfall with flooding and damaging storm surges that can cause inundation of lowlying coastal areas.
Cyclones have wind gusts in excess of 90 km/h around their centres and,
in the most severe cyclones; gusts can exceed 280 km/h. These very
destructive winds can cause extensive property damage and turn airborne
debris into potentially lethal missiles. It is important to remember that,
during the passage of the cyclone centre or eye, there will be a temporary
lull in the wind, but that this will soon be replaced by destructive winds
from another direction.
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Heavy rainfall associated with the passage of a tropical cyclone can produce
extensive flooding. This can cause further damage and death by drowning. The
heavy rain can persist as the cyclone moves inland and decays, hence flooding due
to a decayed cyclone can occur a long way from the tropical coast as the remains of
a cyclone move into central and southern parts of the continent.
The destructive winds accompanying tropical cyclones also produce phenomenal
seas, which are dangerous both for vessels out at sea and those moored in
harbours. These seas can also cause serious erosion of foreshores.
Storm surge and tides
Potentially, the most destructive phenomenon associated with tropical cyclones that
make landfall is the storm surge. Storm surge is a raised dome of water about 60 to
80 km across and typically about 2 to 5 m higher than the normal tide level. If the
surge occurs at the same time as a high tide then the area inundated can be quite
extensive, particularly along low-lying coastlines.
Tropical cyclone severity categories
The severity of a tropical cyclone is described in terms of categories ranging from 1
to 5 related to the zone of maximum winds. An estimate of cyclone severity is
included in all tropical advices. Remember that the Warning Service is not designed
to give an exact statement of conditions at individual locations but will give a general
idea of the expected worst conditions. Using this severity scale, communities will be
able to assess the degree of cyclone threat and take appropriate action. Damage will
vary depending upon factors such as:
 How far you are from the zone of maximum winds;
 How exposed the location is;
 Building standards;
 Vegetation type; and
 Resultant flooding.
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The category does not refer to the amount of flooding or storm tides. If a storm tide is
expected it will be mentioned separately in the cyclone warning.
Category
Strongest gust (km/h) Typical effects
1 Tropical Cyclone
Less than
Gales
125
km/h Minimal
house
damage.
Damage to some crops, trees
and caravans. Boats may
drag moorings.
2 Tropical Cyclone
125-164km/h
Destructive winds
Minor
house
damage.
Significant damage to signs,
trees and caravans. Heavy
damage to some crops. Risk
of power failure. Small boats
may break moorings.
3 Severe Tropical Cyclone 165-224km/h
Very destructive winds
Some roof and structural
damage. Some caravans
destroyed.
Power
failure
likely.
4 Severe Tropical Cyclone 225-279km/h
Very destructive winds
Significant
roofing
and
structural damage. Many
caravans
destroyed
and
blown
away.
Dangerous
airborne debris. Widespread
power failures.
5 Severe Tropical Cyclone More than 280 km/h Extremely dangerous with
Extremely
destructive widespread destruction.
winds
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Tropical Cyclone Intensity
Tropical cyclone intensity is defined by the maximum mean wind speed over open
flat land or water. This is sometimes referred to as the maximum sustained wind and
will be experienced around the eye-wall of the cyclone.
Mean Winds and Gusts
Mean Wind: In most of the world the mean wind speed
is defined as the wind speed averaged over a period of
10 minutes. It should be measured at 10 m above the
surface. The major exception is the USA where they
use a 1-minute average.
Wind Gust: In most of the world the wind gust speed is
defined as the wind speed averaged over 2 or 3 seconds (in Australia we use 3
seconds).
Typically gusts over open land will be about 40% greater than the mean wind and
gusts over the ocean will be 25 - 30% greater than the mean wind. It is often the
stronger gusts that cause the most significant damage to buildings
While a cyclone advice may refer to a certain maximum sustained wind or gust, there
will be localised points where the winds will exceed this value, particularly in gullies,
about ridges and between buildings where winds can be funnelled by the landscape.
Bureau of Meteorology: Tropical Cyclone Advices (Warning & Watch)
Introduction
Tropical Cyclone Advices are issued whenever a tropical cyclone is expected to
cause winds in excess of 62km/h (gale force) over land in Australia*. A tropical
cyclone advice may be a watch and/or a warning, depending on when and where the
gales are expected to develop.
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When is a Tropical Cyclone Advice Issued?
 A tropical cyclone watch is issued for coastal communities when the onset of
gales is expected within 48 hours, but not within 24 hours.
 A tropical cyclone warning is issued for coastal communities when the onset
of gales is expected within 24 hours, or are already occurring
Each advice issued for a particular cyclone will be numbered sequentially, starting at
number 1 for the first advice. A tropical cyclone advice may contain a combined
watch and warning, that is it will provide information on the area under watch status
and the area under warning status
How often is a Tropical Cyclone Advice issued?
While the threat remains, a tropical cyclone advice will be issued every six hours,
increasing to every three hours when cyclone warnings are required. In some
circumstances, when a cyclone approaching the coast is under radar surveillance,
the advices may be issued hourly.
What information is included in the Tropical Cyclone Advice?
Each Tropical Cyclone Advice will consist of the following information:
 The area covered by a cyclone watch and area covered by a cyclone warning
 The cyclone name
 The intensity category of the cyclone (1-weak to 5-strong)
 The latest observed location of the cyclone centre
 The central pressure of the cyclone (warning only)
 The distance of the cyclone to significant locations
 The expected or recent movement of the cyclone
 Range of destructive winds
 Maximum wind gusts
 Advisory statements on actions to
be taken to mitigate the effects of
the cyclone (note this is issued
separately for the NT and
Kimberley)
 The issue time for the next warning
Usually, each advice will have an
associated threat map issued.
Who is the target audience of Tropical
Cyclone Advices?
All land based communities in the threat
zone. Note that separate marine warnings will be issued, and all mariners should
refer to these warnings for relevant information.
Where are Tropical Cyclone Advices Issued?
Tropical Cyclone Advices are issued by Regional Offices of the Bureau of
Meteorology in Brisbane, Darwin or Perth, depending on the location of the cyclone:
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SAMPLE TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE – ISSUED BY THE BUREAU OF
METEOROLOGY
IDW24100
BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY
WESTERN AUSTRALIAN REGIONAL OFFICE
Transmitters serving the Onslow and Barrow Island areas are requested to sound
the Standard Emergency Warning Signal before broadcasting the following warning.
TOP PRIORITY
TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE NUMBER 24
Issued at 11:55 pm WST on Sunday, 29 February 2004
BY THE BUREAU OF METEOROLOGY
TROPICAL CYCLONE WARNING CENTRE PERTH
A CYCLONE WARNING for a SEVERE CATEGORY 4 CYCLONE is now current for
coastal areas between Roebourne and Exmouth. A CYCLONE WATCH extends
south to Coral Bay and includes adjacent inland parts of the western Pilbara.
At midnight WST SEVERE TROPICAL CYCLONE MONTY was estimated to be185
kilometres west northwest of Karratha and 170 kilometres north of Onslow and
moving southwest at 10 kilometres per hour.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Monty is expected to cross the coast in the vicinity of
Onslow during Monday. Gales with gusts to 125 kilometres per hour are likely in
coastal communities between Roebourne and Onslow extending to Exmouth during
the day.
Very destructive winds with gusts to 250 kilometres per hour are likely to develop at
Barrow Island tonight and in the vicinity of Onslow during Monday.
Residents of Onslow are specifically warned of the potential of a very dangerous
storm tide as the cyclone centre approaches the coast.
Tides are likely to rise significantly above the normal high tide mark with very
dangerous flooding, damaging waves and strong currents.
Widespread heavy rain and further flooding are likely in western parts of the Pilbara
Gascoyne over the next few days.
Details of Severe Tropical Cyclone Monty at midnight WST.
 Location of centre: within 20 kilometres of Latitude 20.1 South Longitude 115.2
East.
 Recent movement: southwest at 10 kilometres per hour.
 Central Pressure: 935 hPa.
 Maximum wind gusts: 250 kilometres per hour.
 Severity Category : 4
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CYCLONE TRACY, CHRISTMAS 1974
The year 1974 started with tropical cyclone Wanda bringing torrential rain and
flooding to Brisbane. It ended with another major Australian population centre being
devastated by a cyclone. If Maitland epitomised flooding in Australia, and Ash
Wednesday or Black Friday, bushfires, then Tracy comes most readily to Australian
minds when cyclones are mentioned.
By world standards, Tracy was a small but intense tropical cyclone at landfall, the
radius of gale force winds being only about 50 km. The central pressure of 950 hPa
was close to the average for such systems, but the winds were unusually strong. The
anemometer at Darwin Airport recorded a gust of 217 km/h before the instrument
was destroyed.
Tracy was first detected as a depression in the Arafura Sea on 20 December 1974. It
moved slowly southwest and intensified, passing close to Bathurst Island on the 23rd
and 24th. Then it turned sharply east-south-eastward, and headed straight at
Darwin, striking the city early on Christmas Day. Warnings were issued, but perhaps because it was Christmas Eve, and perhaps because no severe cyclone
had affected Darwin in many years - many residents were caught unprepared. But
even had there been perfect compliance, the combination of extremely powerful
winds, and the loose design of many buildings at that time, was such that wholesale
destruction was probably inevitable anyway. Forty-nine people were killed in the city
and a further 16 perished at sea. The
entire fabric of life in Darwin was
catastrophically disrupted, with the
majority of buildings being totally
destroyed or badly damaged, and very
few escaping unscathed. The total
damage bill ran into hundreds of millions
of dollars.
The devastation inflicted on Darwin by cyclone Tracy in December 1974. (Photo
courtesy of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade)
As usual in such disasters, many communication links failed, but enough survived to
let the world know of the catastrophe, and relief measures were soon under way. An
airlift involving both civilian and military aircraft was swiftly organised, while many
residents chose to drive out. Within several
weeks,
three-quarters
of
Darwin's
population had left.
This was not the first time Darwin had been
severely damaged by a cyclone: it was
badly mauled in both January 1897 and
March 1937. But as a result of Tracy, much
more attention was given to building codes
and other social aspects of disaster
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planning. Darwin was rebuilt and now thrives as one of our most important gateways
to Asia.
The route tropical cyclone Tracy took, arriving in Darwin early on Christmas Day,
1974. Each date indicates the position of 10am local time.
This information including images is taken from the Bureau of Meteorology website;
refer to www.bom.gov.au for further information or advice of tropical cyclones.
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Shelters in the Northern Territory
A good cyclone survival plan includes knowing where you and your family and pets
will shelter.
SHELTERING AT HOME
Since cyclone Tracy building codes have required buildings in cyclone prone areas
to incorporate cyclone resistant construction. Buildings that comply with the Building
Code of Australia are generally referred to as being ‘built to code’.
If your house has been built to code and has been well maintained you can shelter at
home. If your house is not to code you should consider sheltering with family or
friends who have a house built to code.
When sheltering in any home it is important to use the strongest, most protected part
of the house. This is usually the smallest room in the house.
POINTS TO REMEMBER:
 Small rooms are generally stronger than larger rooms
 Central hallways might give greater protection because they are surrounded
by the rest of the house
 Rooms with few or small windows are better than those with large windows
 Solid doors with additional securing bolts give greater security than standard
doors
 Metal screens or solid shutters give added protection against flying debris
WHEN PREPARING YOUR HOME: AND SHELTER AREA




Wide masking tape over glass windows in a cross (x) - including closed,
locked louvers
Take down pictures and valuables from walls and shelving
Place valuables and precious items in strong water proof garbage bags and
tape up
Prepare your shelter area with mattresses, blankets, pillows, emergency kit
with radio, items to keep everyone occupied, and disposal options if you have
pets with you in the shelter
EVACUATION INLAND
If you choose to evacuate, you should leave early.
POINTS TO REMEMBER:
 Evacuate well before strong winds affect your area
 Allow time to secure and protect you property
 You may need to sustain yourself and your family for a few days, so be
prepared
 Listen to radio broadcasts and only return when the all clear is given
 Advise friends of plans and confirm your safe return
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EMERGENCY SHELTERS
Emergency shelters are unique to the Northern Territory and are a direct
legacy of cyclone Tracy. Following cyclone Tracy selected buildings
were repaired and upgraded by the Government so they could be used
as emergency shelter facilities during the rebuilding of Darwin. Shelters
have continued to be provided for residents who are at risk from
STORM SURGE or live in caravan parks or other non-coded homes.
POINTS TO REMEMBER:
 They have a limited capacity and do not guarantee safety in all
circumstances
 They do not allow animals
 They are mainly staffed by voluntary personnel with a police and medical
presence
 They do not provide meals or special baby needs
 They might become welfare assembly centres after the cyclone
 They are used at your own risk - the Northern Territory Government accepts
no liability for any loss, injury or death arising from the use by the public
during a cyclone.
Note:
A number of underground car parks have been identified as places
where residents can shelter in their cars with their pets provided the
pets are properly restrained. These car parks were built to code but they
are not designed as emergency shelters. They do not have supporting
staff, are not fully enclosed and do not have debris screens.
Location Details for Emergency Cyclone Shelters:
Supreme Court Building
The Esplanade, Darwin NT
Casuarina Senior College
61 Trower Road, Moil
Nightcliff High School
90 Aralia Street, Nightcliff
Dripstone High School
326 Trower Road, Tiwi
Palmerston High School
Tilston Avenue, Driver, Palmerston
Girraween Primary School
Carruth Road, Girraween
Taminmin High School
Challoner Circuit, Humpty Doo
Cox Peninsula Community Government
Lot 62, Wagait Tower Road,
Council Office
Wagait Beach
Location Details for Underground Cark Park / Shelters
Casuarina Square Shopping Centre
247 Trower Road, Casuarina
Palmerston Shopping Centre
Temple Terrace, Palmerston
Palmerston Hub Complex
3 Maluka Street, Palmerston
The Holiday Inn Esplanade
116 The Esplanade, Darwin
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Cyclone
Watch
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A tropical cyclone watch will be issued by the Bureau of Meteorology when a tropical
cyclone is expected to cause winds greater then 62km/h (gale force) over land. The
cyclone watch will be issued for coastal communities when gale force winds are
expected within 48hours.
Once a tropical cyclone watch has been issued the Chief Executive Officer will
activate the Emergency Management Committee, as per the activation chart.
The Emergency Management Committee will meet at the Belyuen Community
Government Council Training Centre.
Committee Members will provide their area of responsibility up dates and further
instructions.
The Emergency Management Committee
 Chief Executive Officer
 Community Liaison Officers
 Essential Service Officers
 CDEP Supervisors
 Aged and Family Service
 Belyuen Community Health Centre
 Belyuen Primary School
Chief Executive Officer:
 Provide the Emergency Management Committee with the latest weather
warning (cyclone watch) advice issued by the Bureau of Meteorology
 Advise Council employees
 Advise Council employees to secure workplace documents and back-up data
on all computers
 Co-ordinate the Emergency Response Team
Community Liaison Officers
 Provide direct support to the Chief Executive Officer
 Complete a community profile – including house numbers, number of people
and who is staying in the house (provide a copy to the health centre and Chief
Executive Officer)
 Advise community members of the cyclone watch
 Assist community members in preparing their homes and family
 Provide information to community members on what needs to be prepared
(refer to ‘preparing your home for a cyclone’)
Essential Service
 Liaise and report to the Chief Executive Officer
 Direct CDEP Supervisor to undertake task as required
 Manage the Response Personnel
 Remove or tie down any objects within community that could become a
missile or cause damage
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Manually operate bores to fill up all water storage tanks
Ensure sufficient chlorine stock
Start & run back up water transfer pump
Ensure all water & fuel hand pumps are operational
Ensure all water sampling points are operational
Check stock of spare vehicle batteries
Assess and maintain emergency equipment required post cyclone
Aged Care Coordinator
 Liaise with Chief Executive Officer
 Advise employees of cyclone watch
 Advise all clients of cyclone watch
 Discuss with live-in clients on where they will stay, advise Community Liaison
Officer for community profile up date
 (Childcare) send all children home and secure centre (suspend services until
further notice)
 Secure women centre (suspend services until further notice)
Belyuen Community Night Patrol
 Liaise directly with the Community Liaison Officer
 Relocate Belyuen members from Mandorah and outlying areas back to the
community
 Follow their Organisations Cyclone Management Guidelines (appendix )
Belyuen Primary School
The Belyuen Primary School is under the Department of Education. The Department
will advise the School Principle on Department policies for managing cyclone watch.
Student will be sent home, until further notice by the Department of Education.
The role of the School will be to assist in community preparedness.
Belyuen Community Health Centre
The Belyuen Community Health Centre is under the Department of Health and
Families. The Department will advise the Health Centre on Department policies for
managing cyclone watch.
The role of the Health Centre will be to assist in community preparedness.
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Cyclone
Warning
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A tropical cyclone warning will be issued by the Bureau of Meteorology when a
tropical cyclone is expected to cause winds greater then 62km/h (gale force) over
land. The cyclone warning will be issued for coastal communities when gale force
winds are expected within 24hours.
Once a tropical cyclone warning has been issued the Chief Executive Officer will
activate the Emergency Management Committee, as per the activation chart.
The Emergency Management Committee will meet at the Belyuen Community
Government Council Training Centre.
Committee Members will provide their area of responsibility with updated information
and further instructions.
ALL NON ESSENTIAL SERVICES WILL BE SUSPENDED UNTIL FURTHER
NOTICE.
The Emergency Management Committee
 Chief Executive Officer
 Community Members
 Essential Service Officers
 CDEP Supervisors
 Aged Care Coordinator
 Belyuen Community Health Centre
 Delissaville Community Store Manager
Chief Executive Officer:
 Provide the Emergency Management Committee with the latest weather
warning (cyclone watch) advice issued by the Bureau of Meteorology
 Advise Council employees
 Advise Council employees to secure workplace documents and back-up data
on all computers
 Co-ordinate the Emergency Response Team
Community Liaison Officers
 Provide direct support to the Chief Executive Officer
 Complete an updated community profile – including house numbers, number
of people and who is staying in the house (provide a copy to the health centre
and Chief Executive Officer)
 Advise community members of the cyclone warning
 Assist community members in preparing their homes and family
 Provide information to community members on what needs to be prepared
 Advise community members that once they hear the emergency warning siren
they must take shelter and not go outside.
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Essential Service
 Liaise and report to the Chief Executive Officer
 Direct CDEP Supervisor to undertake task as required
 Manage the Response Personnel
 Remove or tie down any objects within community that could become a
missile or cause damage
 Allocate tasks to the Major Disaster Response Team
 Ensure all relevant documentation plans & manuals are stored in a safe
location to be available for post cyclone use.
 Ensure all water storage facilities are full
 Fill up spare fuel drums and secure in a safe place
 Secure all emergency equipment in safe and dry place
 Check that all relevant personnel are equipped with ample quantities of
disinfectant, soap and rubber gloves
Aged Care Coordinator
 Liaise with Chief Executive Officer
 Advise employees of cyclone warning
 Advise all clients of cyclone warning
 Relocate all live-in clients to allocated family members and advise the
Community Liaison Officer for community profile up date
 Secure any cooking utensils, which could be used post cyclone
Belyuen Community Night Patrol
 Liaise directly with the Community Liaison Officer
 Relocate Belyuen members from Mandorah and outlying areas back to the
community
 Advise Community Liaison Officer of any community members who are
refusing to return to the community or persons who cannot be located for
update on the community profile.
Common Task for all service personnel and council services
 Fill up any water containers and secure in a safe and dry place
 Secure any council assets including documents in a safe and dry place
 Fill all vehicles and secure in a safe place (protect windows)
 Turn off power to buildings and lock all doors (when leaving)
 Secure building as best as possible, remembering to leave one window open
to assist with pressure build up, which may cause more damage to the
building
Tip: When filling up
water containers
also fill up bathtubs
and boats
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Imminent
Threat
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When an imminent threat has been declared by the Bureau of Meteorology the
tropical cyclone is expected to affect the community within 6-12hours.
Once an imminent threat is declared the Chief Executive Officer will active the
Emergency Management Committee, as per the activation chart.
The Emergency Management Committee will meet at the Belyuen Community
Government Council Training Centre.
Committee Members will provide their area of responsibility with updated information
and further instructions.
ALL NON ESSENTIAL SERVICES SHOULD HAVE BEEN
SUSPENDED.
The Emergency Management Committee
 Chief Executive Officer






Community Members
Essential Service Officers
CDEP Supervisors
Aged Care Coordinator
Belyuen Community Health Centre
Delissaville Community Store Manager
Safety First
Personnel must
wear their
personal
protective
equipment
Chief Executive Officer:
 Provide the Emergency Management Committee with the latest weather
warning (cyclone watch) advice issued by the Bureau of Meteorology
 Advise Council employees
 Final checks on council assets and advise all council employees carry out
final securing of buildings and assets
 Activate the emergency warning siren (this will stay on until the power is
disconnected)
 Co-ordinate the Emergency Response Team
 Nominate staff members to carry out any unforeseen tasks
Community Liaison Officers
 Provide direct support to the Chief Executive Officer
 Complete an updated community profile – including house numbers, number
of people and who is staying in the house (provide a copy to the health centre
and Chief Executive Officer)
 Drop off emergency survival kits
 Advise community members of the imminent threat, advise community
members to take shelter
 Advice community members to stay in their shelters until they have been told
by the Emergency Management Committee that it is safe to come out (this
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
information will be provided through the Northern Territory Emergency
Services broadcast)
Final hours of cyclone threat, using the megaphone advise community
member to take shelter
Essential Service
 Liaise and report to the Chief Executive Officer
 Direct CDEP Supervisor to undertake task as required
 Remove or tie down any objects within community that could become a
missile or cause damage
 Allocate tasks to the Major Disaster Response Team
 Secure all emergency equipment in safe and dry place
 Nominate staff members to carry out any unforeseen tasks
 Shut off power supply to bore fields & water storage compound
 Secure all council documents & electronic equipment
 Ensure all wheelie bins are secured in houses
 Take all spare vehicle keys to operational centre (clinic)
 Allow sufficient time for operations personnel to return to their homes to
attend to their personal situations
 Shut off water supply to community
 Ensure all council vehicles & equipment are secured in workshop
 Lock up workshop
 Turn off power supply to workshop
 If power lines start clashing isolate community
Aged and Family Services
 Liaise with Chief Executive Officer
 Advise employees of imminent threat
 Advise all clients of imminent threat
 Review all live-in clients are safe with family members
 Nominate staff members to carry out any unforeseen tasks
 Secure centre and vehicle
Belyuen Community Night Patrol
 Directly liaise with Community Liaison Officer
 Carry out any unforeseen task
 Secure vehicle
All personnel must
advise the
Community Liaison
Officer where they
will shelter
Common Task for all service personnel and council services
 Fill up any water containers and secure in a safe and dry place
 Secure any council assets including documents in a safe and dry place
 Fill all vehicles and secure in a safe place (protect windows)
 Turn off power to buildings and lock all doors (when leaving)
 Secure building as best as possible, remembering to leave one window open
to assist with pressure build up, which may cause more damage to the
building
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Post
Cyclone
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When the Northern Territory Emergency Services have declared that it is safe to
leave the shelters the Emergency Management Committee will meet in the following
locations (depending on the damage to buildings)
 Belyuen Community Government Council Training Centre
 Belyuen Community Health Centre
Once a building has been nominated then the Community Liaison Officer must
advise community members.
Once the cyclone has passed then the Chief Executive Officer will activate the
Emergency Management Committee, as per the activation chart.
Committee Members will provide their area of responsibility with updated information
and further instructions.
The Emergency Management Committee
 Chief Executive Officer
 Community Members
 Essential Service Officers
 CDEP Supervisors
 Aged and Family Service
 Belyuen Community Health Centre
 Delissaville Community Store Manager
Safety First
Personnel must wear their
personal protective
equipment
Chief Executive Officer:
 Co-ordinate the Emergency Response Team
 Assess the community
1) Damage to community houses
2) Damage to the community
3) Report to Northern Territory Police
Community Liaison Officers
 Provide direct support to the Chief Executive Officer
 Complete the community profile
 Advise community members to stay in the community
Essential Service
 Liaise and report to the Chief Executive Officer
 Direct CDEP Supervisor to undertake task as required
 Assess the community damage including damage to houses
 Advise Community Liaison Officer of houses that are not safe, advise to
relocate community members to other family
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Aged and Family Services
 Liaise with Chief Executive Officer
 Advise all clients of situation
 Review all live-in clients are safe with family members
Belyuen Community Night Patrol
 Directly liaise with Community Liaison Officer
In terms of developing post cyclone procedures, this is difficult, the Emergency
Management Committee will have to deal with emergencies and unforeseen events
as they arise.
Environmental Health
 Hygiene (fresh water, toilets)
 Deceased animals
 Mosquito
 Community water and sewerage contamination
Infrastructure
 Community Houses
 Council Buildings (Community Health Centre)
 Communications
Access and Egress
 Access to outside services – road to Darwin or ferry
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Severe
Storms
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Severe Storms Information and Action Guide
Northern Territory Emergency Services
Severe storms are localised events that do not usually affect wide areas,
consequently the threat they pose is often underestimated by the community. These
storms can occur anywhere in the Territory and do so much more frequently than
any other major natural hazard.
On average, each year severe storms are responsible for more damage, as
measured by insurance costs, than tropical cyclones, earthquakes, floods or
bushfires. Unfortunately, storms also kill people; between five and ten deaths are
caused by lightning strikes each year. Deaths also occur when strong winds cause
tree limbs to fall, debris to become projectiles and small boats in open water to
capsize. In fact, although many people believe that tornadoes do not occur in
Australia, 41 tornado-related deaths have been recorded here.
The Bureau of Meteorology is responsible for provision of warnings of dangerous
weather to the Australian community, with the aim of minimising injury and damage.
The service is provided from regional forecasting centres of the Bureau in the
Northern Territory, and information is transmitted to authorities such as Police, the
NT Emergency Service and to radio and television stations.
Storm Action Guide
Severe storms cause more damage than any other event. During the tropical wet
season, many thunderstorms exhibit severe phenomena, notably wind gusts and
intense rainfall leading to flash flooding.
Here are some simple steps you can take to minimise the risk from storms to you
and your property.
 Be prepared.
 Stay inside and shelter away from windows.
 Have an emergency kit on hand, including a battery operated radio, torch and
spare batteries.
 Keep a list of emergency numbers handy.
 Secure loose items in your yard.
 Keep downpipes and guttering clear.
Store poisons above ground level in case of flash floods.
During the Storm
 Stay inside and shelter clear of windows.
 Listen to your radio for storm updates.
 If outdoors, find safe shelter.
 Do not shelter under trees or metal structures.
 Ensure pets are safe.
After the Storm
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Check your house for damage.
Beware of fallen power lines.
Check trees for damage and stability.
Listen to your radio for further weather information.
Check on your neighbours if safe to do so.
When a severe storm has been declared by the Bureau of Meteorology the
Emergency Management Committee will advise the community of the potential
damage and large gale force winds.
Once a severe storm has been declared the Chief Executive Officer will advise the
Emergency Management Committee, as per the activation chart.
Committee Members will provide their area of responsibility with updated information
and further instructions.
ALL NON ESSENTIAL SERVICES WILL BE
SUSPENDED UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE
The Emergency Management Committee
 Chief Executive Officer
 Community Members
Safety First
 Essential Service Officers
 CDEP Supervisors
Personnel must wear
 Aged and Family Service
their personal
 Belyuen Community Health Centre
protective equipment
Chief Executive Officer:
 Provide the Emergency Management Committee with the latest weather
warning (severe storm) advice issued by the Bureau of Meteorology
 Advise Council employees
 Advise Council employees to secure workplace documents and back-up data
on all computers
 Co-ordinate the Emergency Response Team
Community Liaison Officers
 Provide direct support to the Chief Executive Officer
 Advise community members of the severe storm warning
 Advise community members to remove or tie down any objects within their
yard that could become a missile or cause damage
Essential Service
 Liaise and report to the Chief Executive Officer
 Direct CDEP Supervisor to undertake task as required
 Remove or tie down any objects within community that could become a
missile or cause damage
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


Allocate tasks to the Major Disaster Response Team
Ensure all relevant documentation plans & manuals are stored in a safe.
Ensure all water storage facilities are full
Fill up spare fuel drums and secure in a safe place
Secure all emergency equipment in safe and dry place
Secure council buildings
Aged and Family Services
 Liaise with Chief Executive Officer
 Advise employees of cyclone warning
 Advise all clients of cyclone warning
 Advise live-in clients that it is advisable that they stay with family until the
storm has passed
 Secure council buildings
Belyuen Community Night Patrol
 Liaise directly with the Community Liaison Officer
 Relocate Belyuen members from Mandorah and outlying areas back to the
community
 Advise Community Liaison Officer of any community members who are
refusing to return to the community or persons who cannot be located.
Common Task for all service personnel and council services
 Secure any council assets including documents in a safe and dry place
 Fill all vehicles and secure in a safe place (protect windows)
 Turn off power to buildings and lock all doors (when leaving)
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Structure
Fire
Get out and stay out, never go back into a burning
building
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Fire Awareness
Belyuen Council has negotiated with DET for Fire Awareness Training to take place
mid January 2010.
Training will be undertaken by members of the Emergency Management and
Response Team and will also include two staff members (where needed) from each
Council Service and an additional four male CDEP participants.
Council has fire extinguishers checked every 6 months and is currently negotiating
with Chubb Security to provide an upgrade and including 24hr monitoring system for
all fire alarm systems.
Nominated Fire Wardens
Cathy Winsley
Teresa Timber (assistant)
Council Office
Council Office
Gloria Singh
Anita Malyin (assistant)
Women & Children’s Centre
Women & Children’s Centre
Leanne Twomey
Shirley Bigfoot (assistant)
Catherine Moreen (assistant)
Rita Moreen (assistant)
Imabulk Centre
Imabulk Centre
Imabulk Centre
Imabulk Centre
Samantha Singh
Deborah Singh
Women’s Centre
Women’s Centre
Mark Perejuan
Stanley BilBil (assistant)
Workshop
Workshop
Note: it is a requirement for all council employees and persons working within council
programs to have completed or willingness to undertake fire awareness training
CDEP participants
Steven Brown (Supervisor)
Mark BilBil
Tony Singh
Leslie Nilco
Frederick Moreen
Council has purchased a new water tank with hose and trailer for use in community
fires.
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Basic Fire Awareness and Safety Guide – Northern
Territory Fire and Rescue Service
Introduction
Every year people die as a result of fires. Many more suffer serious injury and
trauma from smoke inhalation and burns.
Most of these fires can be attributed to carelessness or ignorance, or a combination
of both.
This Information is provided by the Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Service to
provide basic knowledge of fire, how it may be extinguished at an early stage and
procedures which can be adopted to minimise the threat of fire.
The chemistry of fire
Definition
Fire (combustion) is a rapid self sustaining oxidation process,
taking the form of a chemical reaction, and is usually
accompanied by the evolution of heat and light of varying
intensity.
Combustible or flammable material, (any substance which
supports combustion), can take the form of a solid, liquid or
gas, and can ignite by means of a naked flame, spontaneous
ignition, or auto ignition.
Process of combustion
When combustion occurs in a solid or liquid body, it is the vapours given off by the
material which ignites. We then refer to the substance as "FLAMMABLE". Most
fuels, especially solids, must be heated before they will give off sufficient (flammable)
vapours to burn.
The elements of fire:
Fuel
Many materials will burn, although materials high in carbon and hydrogen (eg paper
and wood) are the most flammable. Fuels can be solids, liquids, or gases. However,
in order to burn, all fuels must be chemically decomposed, or reduced to gases or
vapours. This process takes place through the action of heat.
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Fuel exists as:
Solids
Liquids
Gases
wood
diesel
natural gas
paper
petrol
LPG
rubber
alcohol
acetylene
oil
hydrogen
chlorine
kerosene
Heat
Heat is a measure of the molecular activity occurring within a substance. The higher
the temperature, the faster the action of the molecules. If sufficient heat is applied to
a substance, the molecules may move so fast that they can break away from the
bulk of the surface. When this occurs in fuels, the vapours can then ignite.
Oxygen
Combustion is a chemical reaction that requires oxygen.
In most cases, oxygen for a fire is taken from the air.
Normal atmosphere contains approximately 21 percent
oxygen. Burning will usually slow when the oxygen
concentration is reduced to below 14 percent.
THIS ALSO HAPPENS TO BE THE CONCENTRATION AT WHICH AN
INDIVIDUAL WILL LOSE CONSCIOUSNESS
The dependence of fires on the oxygen in the air explains why it is important if there
is time to close windows and doors when exiting from a building fire.
Chemistry
For fire to occur, the following four elements are necessary:
 fuel
 heat
 oxygen
 uninhibited chain reaction
The above four elements form the ‘Fire Tetrahedron’. Fire will continue as long as
the four elements are present. Elimination or removal of any one of them causes the
tetrahedron to collapse, thereby extinguishing the fire. This is the basis of all fire
fighting operations.
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The chemistry of fire extinction
The principles of fire extinction consist of the elimination or removal of one or more
of the four elements. These principles are:
Cooling
The most commonly used fire fighting medium is water. Water absorbs heat
from the fire and cools the fuel to a temperature where it no longer produces
flammable vapours.
Smothering
By excluding the oxygen in the surrounding atmosphere, the fire will be
extinguished.
Starvation
Starvation is achieved by removal of the fuel burning in the fire. Sometimes
combustible material can be removed such as by shutting off gas valves or
fuel flows.
Stop chain reaction
Stop or interrupt the chain reaction between the fuel, heat and oxygen the fire
will be extinguished.
Specific methods of extinguishing fires often involve a combination of more than one
of the four principles.
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The four stages of combustion
Explosions excepted, most fires have quite humble beginnings and grow through
four stages:
Stage
Description
Incipient stage
At this stage, decomposition is occurring at the surface of the fuel
due to the influence of some form of heat. Products of combustion
given off at this stage are invisible to the eye.
Smoldering stage At this stage, up to 10% of the decomposing products released at
the surface of the fuel are visible.
Flaming stage
Vapours from the decomposing fuel have ignited and are at the
stage where flames are self propagating.
Heat stage
At this stage the burning has progressed to the point where the
fire is still small but generating sufficient heat to warm the air
immediately around the fire, sending warm products of
combustion upwards by convection.
The time required for a fire to develop through the first two stages is usually quite
long when compared to the last two.
Depending on conditions, the time involved going through all stages may be anything
from seconds to days.
The spread of fire
Heat energy always passes from hotter to cooler regions by one of the following
methods:
 conduction
 convection
 radiation
 direct burning
 Conduction
Is the movement of heat through a material.
Spread of fire by CONDUCTION
Conducted heat can travel through walls, floors and ceilings to adjacent
rooms, especially through metal partitions or along pipes and joists. If
combustible materials are stacked against or close to the adjoining wall, there
is danger that they might be heated to their ignition temperature by conducted
heat.
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Convection
Is the mass movement of a hotter, less dense gas through its cooler, denser
surroundings (‘hot air rises’).
Spread of fire by CONVECTION
Heat transfer by convection is the primary agent of fire spread. Rising
convection currents of hot gases at temperatures of 800 - 1000 degrees
Celsius, heat anything in their path. When the upward movement of a
convection current is blocked, e.g. by a ceiling, the hot gases spread laterally
along the underside of the ceiling (the ‘mushroom effect’).
These super heated air currents can carry smoke and toxic gases long
distances sometimes causing smoke logging of escape routes; they often
carry burning brands which can ignite combustible materials at some distance
from the seat of the fire.
Radiation
Is the transfer of heat energy as electromagnetic waves. Radiation does not heat
gases it passes through, but does heat solids and liquids it impinges on.
Spread of fire by RADIATION
Radiant heat is transmitted to buildings not shielded from the fire. Radiation
passes through windows easily, and buildings with many or large windows are
most likely to spread fire to their neighbors.
Direct burning
Heat is transferred by applying a flame directly to a flammable substance.
Classes of fire
Fires are classified according to the nature of the fuel involved. There are currently
FOUR classes of fire.
1) CLASS ‘A’ (Combustible Solids). These are fires involving solid material of an
organic nature, namely carbon compounds such as wood, paper, cloth, etc.
They are the most common class of fire.
2) CLASS ‘B’ (Combustible Liquids). Fires involving liquids or liquefiable solids
such as, petrol, oil, paint, fat, thinners, etc.
3) CLASS ‘C’ (Combustible Gases). This class of fire involves gases in either
vapor or liquefied form, either as a spillage of the liquid or leak of vapor.
Methane, propane, butane, etc. are examples of likely fuels.
4) CLASS ‘D’ (Combustible Metals). Fires involving metals such as magnesium,
aluminum, sodium or potassium.
Electricity
Electricity presents a special hazard in a fire situation. Electricity does not burn; it
produces heat which may result in one of the classes of fire. If the electricity is
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removed (e.g. by switching off the power), the heat source is removed and the
remaining fire should be dealt with according to its class.
If the source of electricity cannot be eliminated, a non-conductive extinguishing
agent should be used.
Fire fighting appliances
Portable fire extinguishers can be divided into two categories, according to the type
of extinguishing agent they contain, namely:
 Conductor of electricity
 Non-Conductor of electricity
Fire fighting appliances - characteristics, operation and application
Appliance
Water Type (STORED PRESSURE)
Colour Code
Red
Capacity
nine litres of water.
Operation
The container is pressurised to 1000 kPa with dry air. When
the safety pin is pulled and the handle squeezed, the water is
forced out of the container and through the hose.
Range
90 to 120 seconds, nine metres
Application
Class A fires only
Warnings
DO NOT USE ON FIRES INVOLVING ELECTRICITY
Appliance
Foam Type (STORED PRESSURE)
Colour Code
Blue
Capacity
Nne litres of water and AFFF foam solution.
Operation
The container is pressurised to 1000 kPa with dry air. When
the safety pin is pulled and the handle squeezed, the water is
forced out of the container and through the hose.
Range
60 to 90 seconds; 6 metres.
Application
Class ‘B’ fires only, although in an emergency they can be
used on Class ‘A’ fires.
Warnings
DO NOT USE ON FIRES INVOLVING ELECTRICITY
Appliance
Wet Chemical (ANSULEX TYPE)
Colour Code
Mustard/Fawn
Capacity
7.5 Litres
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Operation
The container is pressurised to 690 kPa with air or nitrogen.
Remove safety pin, aim nozzle at fire. Squeeze handle, sweep
over fire.
Application
Use on animal fat and vegetable oil fire only.
Warnings
DO NOT USE ON FIRES INVOLVING ELECTRICITY
Appliance
Dry Chemical Type (STORED PRESSURE)
Colour Code
Red with a white band.
Capacity
From 2.25 kg to 13.5 kg of powder based on either sodium
bicarbonate or ammonium phosphate.
Operation
As for the water and foam types. Some earlier models which
may be encountered, contain a small cylinder of carbon dioxide
to provide pressure to expel the powder. Newer models are
now pressurised with dry nitrogen.
Range
2 to 3 metres; 10 to 30 seconds.
Application
Class ‘B’ and 'D' fires and fires involving electrical equipment.
They may also be used on small class ‘A’ fires, but this is not
recommended.
Appliance
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Type
Colour Code
Red with a black band.
Capacity
Standard sizes range from 4.5 kg to 10 kg.
Operation
As for all other types above. The carbon dioxide is stored in the
container as a liquid under pressure. On release to atmosphere
it converts to a ‘snow’ like gas, which applies the extinction
principle of smothering.
Range
1 to 2.5 metres; 10 to 25 seconds
Application
Class ‘B’ fires and fires involving electrical equipment
Extinguisher operating procedures
1) Pull safety pin
2) Hold the nozzle (if fitted)
3) Squeeze handle
4) Aim hose nozzle at the fire
5) Fight fire from an upwind position, if possible
6) Hose reels
7) Hose reels can be operated by one person. The basic procedure is as follows:
8) ensure that the nozzle is in the closed position
9) turn on the main valve (most reels have a device which retains the nozzle until
the main valve is open)
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10) pull the hose off the drum, towards the fire
11) open the nozzle and direct the stream of water at the fire.
NOTE: Hose reel streams must reach all points of the floor on which it has been
installed.
APPLICATION: CLASS ‘A’ FIRES ONLY. DO NOT USE ON FIRES INVOLVING
ELECTRICITY
Fire equipment
Familiarise yourself with the location of all fire equipment and how it is used.
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Fire Alarms - check the location of fire alarms
Smoke and thermal detectors - smoke and thermal detectors should sound
the alarm in the local fire station BUT always ring "000" as well
Sprinklers - sprinklers should come on automatically
Hose on reels - check the location of the hose reels
Extinguishers - learn the location of extinguishers and the types available.
Read the labels. They give all the information required.
Chief Warden's/Warden's information
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Extinguishers correctly indicated, mounted and charged
Hose reels, hydrants and hose in good order
Exit signs illuminated and unobstructed from view
Emergency lighting systems working correctly, faulty globes replaced
All passageways and fire exits clear. No packaging material, furniture, etc to
cause obstruction in an emergency
Learn the location of electrical switchboards and what areas can be isolated
Identify all hazardous materials kept in your area and ensure that these are
kept at a minimum and stored correctly
Ensure that all occupants are familiar with the emergency procedures, in
particular the STANDARD FIRE ORDERS, copies of which should be
displayed in prominent positions
Wardens should be aware of mobility impaired persons in their area
That fire instructions are displayed and are up to date
That there is a large torch in each area and that it is in working condition
That there is an extinguisher in position near all switchboards and in the
kitchen
Maintain detailed information of warden changes through sickness, leave,
resignations, etc
Changes in wardens extension numbers.
Evacuation officials and responsibilities
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Chief Warden and Deputy (white helmet)
Responsible for:
 staff training
 fire prevention
 notifying the Fire Service and meeting same
 deciding to evacuate
 organising personnel for evacuation staff duties.
 Floor or Section Wardens (yellow helmet)
Responsible for:
 notifying the Chief Warden of the location and extent of the fire
 fighting the fire
 Safe evacuation of all personnel from their work area
Wardens (red helmet)
Responsible for:
 Assisting the wardens in carrying out the above tasks.
Evacuation procedures

Evacuation has different meanings according to the vulnerability of the
premises concerned. Evacuation may mean a complete evacuation of the
whole premises on discovery of an emergency, or partial evacuation if the
incident is minor and not life threatening.
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Your main aim is to achieve effective control of any emergency you think may
occur. You need to anticipate possible situations and requirements to ensure
effective emergency response.
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Poorly organised evacuation can cause unnecessary panic, sometimes with
serious consequences.
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The following principles should be adopted as a general guide and modified
as required to suit the particular building and occupancy.
Emergency control organisation is formed i.e. chief warden/deputy,
floor/section wardens and wardens.
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All available exits for each floor/section, should be used to evacuate if
required.
Designate wardens for each floor/section.
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Designate safe assembly outside of the building.
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A warning system should be fitted throughout the premises to give both an
audible and visual alarm signal.
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Evacuation of staff is to be carried out in an orderly manner, controlled by
evacuation staff.
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
Provide staff education on evacuation procedures and display the evacuation
plan details within each section.
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Carry out evacuation drills at a different time each year.
Home fire safety
Home fire alarms
Approximately 50% of all fire deaths occur at night while people sleep. You can't rely
on your own senses to detect a fire. You need the protection a smoke alarm can
provide. Contact your local brigade for information today.
Obey these simple rules and be safe
 Smoking habits
 Do not allow anyone in your family to smoke in bed
 Keep lighters and matches out of the reach of children
 Make a bedtime check of upholstered furniture for smoldering cigarette butts,
particularly after a party.
In the kitchen
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Do not leave tea towels over the cooking range to dry
See that saucepan handles do not face outwards into the room or over a
lighted burner
If a saucepan catches alight, switch off the heat and smother the saucepan
with a lid, damp cloth or appropriate extinguisher. Never use water on a fat
fire. Do not pick up and carry a burning container.
Electricity
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Never run extension cords under rugs or over hooked nails
Do not overload electrical circuits
Have electrical appliances checked regularly, particularly electric blankets
Repairs and alterations should be carried out by a qualified electrician
Use only the correct size fuse in each socket. Never use substitutes
See that frayed and damaged flexes and cords are replaced
Flammable liquids
Do not use petrol, kerosene, or other flammable liquid, to revive a fire
Use non-flammable cleaning fluids for cleaning clothes
Keep flammable liquids properly labeled and in sealed containers, preferably
outside the home in a garage or shed
Keep flammable liquids out of the reach of children
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Outside the home
 Remove long grass, dry leaves, etc. from your property - combustible
materials from around and under the house
 Clean out guttering and downpipes regularly
 Clear fire breaks regularly
 Listen to fire weather forecasts and warnings and be guided by them
 Evacuation procedures for all occupants
 All occupants including children must be able to recognise significant signs
that would indicate an outbreak of fire has occurred, such as, abnormal heat,
smell of burning, presence of smoke, visible flame, and should know;
 to alert all occupants
 to proceed with the pre-planned evacuation
 to immediately call the Fire Service from the closest available safe means of
communication
 that re-entry into a building on fire may prove fatal
 that delay in evacuation caused by gathering personal possessions may
prevent their escape.
IF FIRE STARTS do not panic and do not waste time CALL THE FIRE AND
RESCUE SERVICE DIAL 000 ask for the FIRE AND RESCUE SERVICE,
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give the address of the fire
name of the caller
telephone number calling
Common fire causes
 Heating and cooking appliances, overheating or defective
 Oil and gas heaters, overheating or defective
 Flammable liquid vapours
 Burning of rubbish
 Smoking and matches, carelessly discarded
 Electrical malfunctions, appliances and wiring
 Oxy-acetylene cutting and welding
 Sparks and overheating of machinery
 Children playing with matches
 Spontaneous ignition
 Arson, i.e. for gain or to cover up a crime
 Accidental ignition
 Deliberate ignition
 Gas explosion
 Lightning strikes
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Structure Fire
GET OUT AND STAY OUT
Never go back into a burning building
Once the alarm has been raised the Emergency Management Committee must be
advised.
Chief Executive Officer
 Inform Essential Service Officers
 Inform Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Service
 Inform Power and Water Corporation
 Inform Belyuen Community Health Centre
Community Liaison Officer
 Provide direct support to the Chief Executive Officer
 Using the megaphone advise tenants to exit the building
 Keep everybody away from the building
 Debrief with the tenants/occupants – possible cause
 Find out how many people who were in the house and are they accounted for
Essential Service
 Disconnect power supply to building
 If safe to do so attempt to extinguish the fire (must be sure the power is
disconnected, if there is any doubt, don’t attempt to extinguish
Fuel Bowser
Chief Executive Officer
 Inform the Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Service
 Inform the Northern Territory Police
 Inform Power and Water Corporation to shut down the power supply
 If after hours contact Store Manager
Community Liaison Officer
 Provide direct support to the Chief Executive Officer
 Using the megaphone advise tenants to exit the building
 Keep everybody away from the building
Essential Services
 Isolate fuel pumps
 If safe to do so attempt to extinguish the fire (must be sure the power is
disconnected, if there is any doubt, don’t attempt to extinguish
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Earthquakes
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Earthquake Information and Action Guide
Northern Territory Emergency Services
If your area has an earthquake history or potential, this advice could help save you
injury and distress.
Know your local earthquake risk
Ask your State/Territory Emergency Service (S/TES), council and insurance
company for this information:
 Whether tremors or earthquakes have ever occurred in your area and what
damage resulted.
 Ask your S/TES for a free pamphlet and/or poster that show Australia's
earthquake risk zones.
 Study that information and ask your council about ways to make your house
safer in an earthquake.
 Check that your insurance covers earthquake damage.
Emergency kit and check list
During and after an earthquake you will need:
 A portable radio and torch with fresh batteries.
 Candles, matches and containers of fresh water.
 A first aid kit and basic first aid knowledge.
 Plan together, where your family will meet if separated.
 Know your safe areas during an earthquake (see below).
 Your emergency contact number.
Watch for possible warning signs:
 Erratic animal behaviour - scared, confused pets running about, or birdcalls
not usually heard at night.
 Ground water levels - watch for sudden water level changes in wells or
artesian bores.
During the earthquake
 If indoors, stay there (clear of falling debris outside). Keep clear of windows,
chimneys and overhead fittings. Shelter under and hold a doorframe, table,
bench etc.
 In high-rise buildings, stay clear of windows and outer walls. Get under a desk
near a pillar or internal wall.
 Do not use elevators.
 In crowded areas or stores, do not rush for doors. Move clear of overhead
fittings and shelves.
 If outside, keep well clear of buildings, overhead structures, walls, bridges,
power lines, trees, etc.
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In a city street, shelter from falling debris under strong archways or doorways
of buildings. Don't go under awnings or parapets as they may collapse.
If in a vehicle, stop in an open area until shaking stops. Beware of 'downed'
power lines and road damage, including overpasses and bridges. Listen to
your car radio for warnings before moving.
After the earthquake
Watch for hazards and tend injuries as follows:
 Turn off electricity, gas and water - do not light matches until you have
checked for gas or fuel leaks.
 Check for injuries. Apply first aid. Do not move the seriously injured unless in
immediate danger.
 Check for broken water, sewerage or electrical mains.
 Do not use telephone immediately (to avoid congestion) unless there is a
serious injury or fire etc.
 Check for cracks/damage, in roof, walls, chimneys etc.
 Evacuate if badly damaged. Be prepared for aftershocks.
 Do not waste food and water as supplies may be interrupted.
 Collect emergency water from heaters, ice cubes, toilet tanks and canned
foods.
 Listen to local radio and heed warnings and advice on damage and service
disruptions.
 Avoid driving unless for emergency (keep streets free).
 Do not go sightseeing or enter damaged buildings.
 Stay calm and help others if possible.
Magnitude
Description of Effect
less than 3.4
Usually felt by only a few people near the epicentre.
3.5 - 4.2
Felt by people who are indoors and some outdoors; vibrations similar to a
passing truck.
4.3 - 4.8
Felt by many people; windows rattle, dishes disturbed, standing cars rock.
4.9 - 5.4
Felt by everyone; dishes break and doors swing, unstable objects overturn.
5.5 - 6.1
Some damage to buildings; plaster cracks, bricks fall, chimneys damaged.
6.2 - 6.9
Much building damage; houses move on their foundations, chimneys fall,
furniture moves.
7.0 - 7.3
Serious damage to buildings; bridges twist, walls fracture, many masonry
buildings collapse.
7.4 - 7.9
Causes great damage; most buildings collapse.
greater than
8.0
Causes extensive damage; waves seen on the ground surface, objects
thrown into the air.
http://www.ga.gov.au/hazards/earthquake/
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Tsunami
Warning
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Tsunami Information and Action Guide
Northern Territory Emergency Services
Geoscience Australia
What is a tsunami?
Tsunami (pron: 'soo-nar-me') is a Japanese word; 'tsu' meaning harbour and 'nami'
meaning wave. The phenomenon usually is associated with earthquakes, landslides
or volcanic eruptions in, or adjacent to oceans and results in sudden movement of
the water column. Until recently
tsunami were called tidal waves,
even though the event has nothing
to do with tides.
A tsunami is different from a wind
generated surface wave on the
ocean. The passage of a tsunami
involves the movement of water
from the surface to the seafloor
which means its speed is controlled
by water depth. Consequently, as
the wave approaches land and
reaches increasingly shallow water
it slows. However, the water
column still in deeper water is moving slightly faster and catches up, resulting in the
wave bunching up and becoming much higher. A tsunami often is a series of waves
and the first may not necessarily be the largest.
Interesting Fact
Tsunami can travel at speeds up to 950 km/h in deep water which can be
represented by the speed of a passenger jet.
The highest tsunami occurs when they encounter a long and gradual shallowing of
the water. Which allows time for the wave to build and interact with its surroundings?
Successive peaks can be anywhere from five to 90 minutes apart. The wave train
which arrives at the coast can reach heights of up to 30 meters’ above sea level or
create barely noticeable ripples. In the open ocean, even the largest tsunamis are
relatively small with wave heights
Tsunami warning systems
Australia's earthquake monitors are used to detect events which may result in a
tsunami on Australia's coast and the south west Pacific Ocean. If such an
earthquake occurs, Geoscience Australia seismologists immediately notify the
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Australian Bureau of Meteorology and Emergency Management Australia which
subsequently notify other Australian emergency authorities.
Most tsunami occur in the Pacific and Indian Oceans because its boundary, known
as the Pacific Ring of Fire, experiences frequent earthquakes and hosts explosive
volcanoes.
The Pacific Tsunami Warning System is a network of seismic monitoring stations
and sea-level gauges which detects earthquakes and abnormal changes in sea
level. Designated centres operate in Hawaii, Alaska and Japan to issue warnings for
potential tsunami in the Pacific Ocean.
If a tsunami is detected, coastal areas lying in the predicted path are warned of its
approach and expected arrival time which is determined with the use of tsunami
travel-time maps. For coastlines particularly prone to tsunami, risk assessments are
performed long before a tsunami occurs. An area which may be vulnerable to
tsunami is assessed by:
 the likelihood of an event that may cause a tsunami;
 the expected location and size of an event;
 the shape of the seafloor where an event may take place;
 the shape of the coastal land which may be affected by a resulting tsunami;
and
 the presence of any headlands or harbours in the region which could cause a
tsunami to change direction.
This information is used to predict the potential speed, direction, height and
destructiveness of any tsunami that may reach the area. Often, coastal areas that
are at risk are part of a funnel-shaped bay or harbour.
Other factors which influence how destructive a tsunami may be include the effect of
backwashing from a wave onto a following wave and whether there are any valleys
or canyons on the continental shelf.
What is the risk to the NT from Tsunami?
Tsunamis travel best through deep water. Fortunately for the Territory, most of the
seas to our north are comparatively shallow which reduces the threat of a tsunami
impacting our coastline. The large tidal range we experience might also mitigate the
effects.
What is being done about Tsunamis?
The Australian Government is leading a National Program to improve Tsunami
warning. In May 2005, it allocated $68.9m to a program to improve seismic
monitoring, sea level monitoring and public education. This program is making
progress but there is still more work to be done.
What should I do if a Tsunami alert is broadcast?
The warning time before a Tsunami is likely to be quite short – it could range from a
few minutes to a couple of hours. At this stage, while there is a system in place to
warn that a Tsunami might occur, a lot of work needs to be done before the impact
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can be accurately predicted. Consequently providing definitive advice is difficult and
the best advice we can provide is:
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People on beaches, storm surge areas, or low lying coastal areas should
leave the area immediately and move inland, or to higher ground.
People on boats should move to deeper water immediately.
People should follow the advice and instructions from local emergency
authorities and monitor the media for official updates.
You should ensure your neighbours have received this advice.
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Appendix
Radio Operating Procedures
The Emergency Management Committee will provide the main contact personnel
with a portable handheld UHF CB radio to communicate without delay during the
event of a disaster.
Personnel who will be issued a portable handheld UHF CB radio:
 Chief Executive Officer
 Essential Service Officer
 CDEP Supervisor
 Aged Care Coordinator
 Community Liaison Officer
 Belyuen Community Health Centre
During a disaster the above personnel will be contactable via the radio on channels:
18 – Chief Executive Officer, Community Liaison Officer
19 – Essential Service Officer
20 – Belyuen Community Health Centre
21 – CDEP Supervisor, Aged Care Coordinator
Personnel are required to transmit and receive information in accordance with the
procedures below.
1) Personnel must stay on the assigned channels
2) When calling up switch to the channel you require
3) Call up by saying
a. Your call sign (your name or position)
b. Followed by the personnel you are trying to contact (their name or
position)
c. Using the correct terminology (Radio Communications) pass your
message using simple words, speaking slow and clear and not long
sentences, this will avoid miscommunications
d. Once you have completed your transmission advise receiver or sender
that you are now switch to back to assigned channel (state channel)
4) Once this is complete, ensure you switch back to your assigned channel
It is the responsibility of the personnel assigned a radio to ensure that it is kept safe
and dry.
The portable handheld UHF CB radios remain the property of Belyuen Community
Government Council and must be returned.
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Radio Communications
Affirmative
Disregard
Go Ahead
I spell
Negative
Over
Roger
Say Again
Send
Stand By
Yes
Delete all reference to last transmission
Proceed as requested
I shall spell the next work phonetically
No
My transmission is ended, I await your reply
Message received and understood
Repeat all of the last transmission
Speak to receive
I am not ready to received the transmission, I will call when
ready to continue
Did you copy Did you receive and understand the last transmission
my last
Phonetic Alphabet
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Alpha
Bravo
Charlie
Delta
Echo
Foxtrot
Golf
Hotel
India
Juliet
Kilo
Lima
Mike
November
Oscar
Papa
Quebec
Romeo
Sierra
Tango
Uniform
Victor
Whiskey
X-ray
Yankee
Zulu
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!
Important information
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Channels 05 and 35 are emergency channels
Channel 11 is a calling channel
Channels 22 and 23 are for telemetry and telecommand applications and TX
is inhibited on these channels
General Communication is accepted on call other channels with these guidelines:
 Channel 40 road channel (Australia)
 Channels 01 – 08 (and 31 – 38) are repeater channels
Remember that other people in the area maybe using the channel, so
confidential information should not be sent over the radio, and inappropriate
language will not be used by any member of the response team.
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Appendix
Personal Protective Equipment
The Emergency Management Committee has issued the Disaster Response Team
with personal protective equipment.
Members are required to wear to their personal protective equipment during the
following:
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Cyclone warning
Imminent threat of a cyclone
Post cyclone
Severe storms
Structure fires
Any other disaster which pose a hazard to the Disaster Response Team
Failure to comply with this may result in injury or death
Items included
X1 Riggers Gloves
X1 Safety Vest (yellow) day/night
X1 Safety Hardhat
X1 Protective eye wear
X1 Rain coat including pants (yellow) day/night reflective
Safety boots will be supplied on request, but response personnel are required to
wear closed in shoes.
The items will be stored by the Emergency Management Committee and issued
when required for above disasters.
The items remain the property of Belyuen Community Government Council.
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Appendix
The Belyuen Community Government Council is providing an option for community
members to purchase an emergency survival kit. The Emergency Management
Committee discussed items that should be placed in the kit. The following is a list of
items that have been approved for the kit.
Emergency Survival Kit
Torches with spare batteries x2
Fire Starters with match x20
Tarpaulins medium 2.3mx2.9m x2
Water Jerry Cans 10 Litres x2
Rope all-purpose 10 metres x1
Cloth Tape x10 metres x1
Storage Container 35 Litres x1
Garbage Bags 75 Litres x25
Cable Ties x200 assorted sizes
Candles 25cm x 10 inches
Body Soap x6
Insect Repellent (Areogard) 150g
Large Shop Bags (Stripy Bags) 55x45x25 cm
Toilet Paper 1000 sheets per roll x2 rolls
The cost of the kit is $125; it is advisable that each household should have two kits.
Community Members are advised to have a separate kit which has food and
personal needs including baby items they require.
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Northern Territory Arrangements
Legislation
The Northern Territory Disaster Act 1982 provides for the establishment of an
emergency/disaster management organisation at Territory, regional, and local level.
Specifically the Act provides for a:
Northern Territory Counter - Disaster Council
Northern Territory Counter - Disaster Controller
Northern Territory Emergency Service (NTES).
At regional level and where necessary local level, the Act requires Controllers and
Counter-Disaster Planning Committees. The Act also establishes the functions and
responsibilities of the Northern Territory Emergency Service and its Director.
Emergency management - Territory level
The Minister for Police, Fire and Emergency Services has overall responsibility for
the Disasters Act and operates through the Territory counter - disaster organisation
which comprises the following key elements.
Northern Territory Counter-Disaster Council
The Council comprises the Territory Controller, Director NTES, and at least three
other members appointed by the Minister. The Council advises the Minister on
counter - disaster policy and issues, approves all counter-disaster plans and where
necessary, advises and directs the Territory Controller and Director NTES with
regard to implementation of counter-disaster measures.
Northern Territory Counter-Disaster Controller
Under the Act, the Territory Controller is the Commissioner of Police. The Territory
Controller exercises control and direction of counter-disaster operations, and carries
out such other functions as directed by the Northern Territory Counter-Disaster
Council.
Northern Territory Emergency Service
This organisation, and the position of Director NTES, are established under the Act
and have primary responsibility for counter - disaster planning, training and
operational support coordination.
Emergency management - below Territory level
For disaster and emergency management purposes, the Northern Territory is divided
into Regions, each with a Regional Controller (the senior Police Officer in the
Region) and a Counter-Disaster Planning Committee.
Each Region is further divided into localities with the officer in charge of the local
police station appointed to carry out the functions of Local Counter-Disaster
Controller and Chairperson of the Local Counter-Disaster Planning Committee.
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The NTES is responsible for counter-disaster organisation structures and for training,
communications and public awareness programs at all levels. NTES provides the
Executive Officer for all Regional and Local Counter-Disaster Planning Committees.
Local
The Northern Territory Local Government Act has established four Municipal
Councils to serve the larger population centres. Legislation does not require these
councils to undertake counter-disaster planning but they play an active part in local
community Counter-Disaster Planning Committees and the provision of resources
during response operations.
Emergency plans
The Act provides for preparation of Territory, regional and local counter-disaster
plans that mobilise the Territory counter-disaster organisation for the conduct of
counter disaster operations. Representatives of all primary response and support
agencies within each community are encouraged to participate in the development of
their local counter - disaster plan.
The actual production and dissemination of such plans is carried out by permanent
staff of the Northern Territory Emergency Service and submitted by the Director to
the Northern Territory Counter-Disaster Council for approval on behalf of the
Northern Territory Government. Once approved by the Council, plans may be
activated at the discretion of the relevant Counter-Disaster Controller and do not
require any declaration of a "state of emergency or disaster".
Control and coordination of operations
Whenever the emergency response required by a lead combat authority exceeds the
scope of routine procedures, the relevant Controller activates the applicable counterdisaster plan and exercises overall control and coordination of resources mobilised
from both within and outside of the community.
Authority to request Australian Government Assistance
The person authorised as the single point of contact for requesting Australian
Government assistance to emergency / disaster operations in Northern Territory is
the Executive Officer, Northern Territory Counter-Disaster Council (Director Northern
Territory Emergency Service).
Contact for emergency management matters
The Executive Officer
Northern Territory Counter Disaster Council
PO Box 39764
WINNELLIE
NT, 0821
Phone: (08) 8946 4124
Fax: (08) 8946 4123
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States of Disaster and Emergency Information
33. States of Disaster and Emergency may be declared under the Disasters Act as in
force at 18 March 2003 in order to allow emergency response and recovery
operations to proceed unhindered.
a) State of Disaster. A State of Disaster may be declared when the extent or severity
of an event or impending event is, or is likely to be, so great that it is beyond the
resources of normal government services or privately owned services available in
the Territory at the time; or special powers are required to provide appropriate
counter disaster measures.
b) State of Emergency. A State of Emergency may be declared when the Minister
believes the magnitude or threatened magnitude of an emergency is such that he is
satisfied that extraordinary measures are necessary or advisable for the protection of
life and property.
34. Method and Duration of Declarations.
State of Disaster. The Administrator, or if the Administrator is unable to perform his
duties, two Ministers may declare a State of Disaster for seven days. It may be
extended for periods not exceeding 14 days at a time.
b) State of Emergency. The Minister may declare a State of Emergency for two
days. The format for declaring or revoking a State of Emergency is at Annex E.
35. Duties under Declarations. Under States of Emergency or Disaster:
a) the Territory Controller shall institute counter disaster measures to protect life and
property and to expedite the termination of the disaster or emergency;
b) the Director NTES shall arrange and coordinate counter disaster support
resources; and
c) the Regional Controller, or where appropriate the Local Controller shall take
immediate action to use, control and coordinate all available resources and take any
other required measures to counter the effects of the disaster/emergency.
36. Special Powers under Declarations.
Under States of Disaster or Emergency the relevant Controller, a member of the
Police Force or authorised persons may exercise for the purpose of carrying out
counter disaster operations or for the safety of the public generally:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
take control of property,
require persons to assist in tasks to save life or property in immediate danger,
close premises,
direct evacuation,
enter any place by reasonable force if necessary,
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f) close roads,
g) remove from or secure anything on a property which is a threat to life, health
or continued operation of a road which might be required for use after a
cyclone, and
h) remove vehicles.
37. Special Powers under Cyclone Watch and Warning.
Under Section 40 of the Disasters Act, once a cyclone watch or warning has been
declared by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the relevant Controller, Director
NTES, a member of the Police Force or authorized persons may exercise the special
powers to remove from, or secure anything on, a property which is a threat to life,
health or continued operation of a road, utility or other facility which might be
required for use after a cyclone without States of Emergency or Disaster being
declared.
States of Disaster and Emergency Information taken from: pages 24-26
NORTHERN TERRITORY ALL HAZARDS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
ARRANGEMENTS
This document has been produced by the
NORTHERN TERRITORY EMERGENCY SERVICE
Under the provisions of the
NORTHERN TERRITORY DISASTERS ACT
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Cyclone Procedures for Night Patrol – External
CYCLONE SEASON
1 November - 30 April
6 STAGES
Stage 1
Cyclone Watch - more than 24hours
Operations normal, on notice, tidy up.
Stage 2
Cyclone Warning - within 24 hours
Operations normal, prepare to close up
Stage 3
Cyclone Warning - 6-12 hours
Operations winding up, finalise preparations
Stage 4
Cyclone Warning - Less than 6 hours
Operations stop clients transported to cyclone shelter, staff go home or to shelter
Stage 5
Cyclone Warning - Imminent
Stay in safe area and wait
Stage 6
Cyclone Warning - Passed but not all clear
Stay put, don't move yet.
ALL CLEAR
Resume normal operations, report & clean up
BACKGROUND
Tropical cyclones are the greatest storms on earth. They are like giant whirlwinds in
which the air moves in a large tightening spiral about centre of extreme low pressure.
They vary greatly in size.
The air in a cyclone rotates in a clockwise direction at speeds up to and sometimes
exceeding 200 kilometres per hour.
The Tropical cyclone season extends from November through to April.
Darwin is situated in a recognised "Cyclone Belt" and for this reason we must be
prepared to act in a manner which will afford the greatest .possible protection to both
staff and clients of the Night Patrol Service
DESIGNATED OF SAFE AREAS ON SITE
Whilst it is not anticipated that any staff or clients will be at the Night Patrol
Compound during the latter stages of the cyclone warnings, some safe areas have
been identified, they being:
Staff Change room / Toilet
PRE-CYCLONE ACTIONS
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Early in the cyclone season and prior to any cyclone, there are some pre-cyclone
activities that need to be taken. These are:
Update Staff Details and Availability
Compile a list of staff names, addresses, contact phone numbers and availability
prior to, and post cyclone.
This should be updated on the 1st working day of each month between November
and April.
Clean up outside area around Night Patrol Compound
Remove any unnecessary rubbish, debris or loose objects
CYCLONE INFORMATION POINT
In the event of a Cyclone Watch being issued, there are to be one (1) Cyclone
Information Point:
Night Patrol demountable - portable whiteboard - to be located in office area, this
whiteboard is to be dedicated to cyclone related information for the benefit of staff
and enable staff to pass on the most recent information to community members as
requested
CYCLONE STAGE ACTIONS
In the event of a cyclone threat to Darwin, the Bureau of Meteorology - Darwin
Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre - will issue various warning messages in line with
the Northern Territory Counter Disaster Plan. The cyclone warnings and applicable
actions at each stage are as follows.
NOTE: These Stages are subject to normal conditions. However, if the local area is
subject to heavy rains and possible early flooding, then Regional Manager or
delegate may alter Cyclone Stage Actions as necessary.
Stage 1
Cyclone Watch - 24 - 48 hour
Service Coordinator or delegate to advise on duty staff of the cyclone watch-up
Staff to turn radio on and monitor for announcements / updates in case of telephone
breakdown.
On duty Night Patrol staff are to check to see if any items need to be placed in
secure areas
Night Patrol - continue operations as per normal.
Stage 2
Cyclone Warning - within 24 hours
Service Coordinator or delegate to advise on duty staff of the cyclone warning.
On duty Night Patrol officers to inform community members of Cyclone Warning and
pass on the most recent updates as requested
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Staff to continue monitoring radio for announcements / updates in case of telephone
breakdown
Check staff details are correct and current status of staff availability.
Night Patrol
Generally normal operations are to continue subject to accessibility to the
community. However there should be a focus on visiting camps and advising them
of the situation.
Provide assistance to convey persons, especially aged, frail, infirmed to safe
locations as required.
Refuel all vehicles as often as possible.
Stage 3
Cyclone Warning - 6-12 hours
Night Patrol
If exceptional circumstances exist with an intoxicated client, they will have to be
transported to the cells in Darwin city
OFFICE REQUIERMENTS
All external windows are to be taped internally
All windows are to be locked or secured
All electronic information stored on computers (Statistical and other) to be saved
onto a disk and given to the Service Coordinator or Regional Manager for safe
keeping
All computers/electrical equipment to be wrapped in plastic garbage bags and taped
securely and placed away for external windows and off the floor
All client files and other important documents to be placed in plastic garbage bag
taped securely and placed off the floor
Larger electrical items to be turned off and unplugged from the wall
Focus is on assisting/convey aged, frail or infirmed persons to safe locations.
Refuel all vehicles as often as possible.
Stage 4
Cyclone Warning - Less than 6 hours
All community members are to be transported to the nearest cyclone shelter if
requested by Night Patrol
Regional Manager will contact Service Coordinators to inform them that ALL
STAFF ARE TO EITHER GO HOME or GO TO A CYCLONE SHELTER
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Night Patrol Service
Check that the building is secure, of any loose items, close all internal doors and turn
off the power at the power box
With the objective of minimising damage to the vehicles and having a transport
capability as soon as reasonably practicable after a cyclone, the Regional Manager
/Service Coordinator will make arrangements for parking of our vehicles it will be
determined subject to the severity of the cyclone and available staff.
Night Patrol compound gate to be locked securely
Ensure all vehicles are fully fuelled.
Unless exceptional circumstances exist, no staff or clients are to remain on
the premises due to the risk of flooding/Wind damage. The Regional Manager
MUST be informed of this situation prior to the event.
Stage 5
Cyclone Warning – Imminent
All staff should be at home or at a cyclone shelter
Stage 6
Cyclone Warning - Passed but not all clear
All staff are to remain in a secure area during this stage.
Do not leave the secure area until the ALL CLEAR is given.
The centre of a cyclone can give the appearance of the cyclone having passed.
All Clear
All persons can leave their secure areas and resume normal activities.
Service Manager or Service Coordinator are to attend Belyuen-Larrakia
Communities to:
Survey for damage
Availability of services
Suitability of premises for emergency use
Service Manager or Service Coordinator is to attend location of vehicles to:
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Survey for damage
Ascertain serviceability
Staff are to contact the Regional Manger or Service Coordinator to confirm their
safety and availability to work.
Operations of services- endeavour to clean up and resume normal operations
A.S.A.P
CYCLONE KIT
To be compiled Pre cyclone
Batteries for torches, radio equipment 2 doz "AA" / "D"
Radio - battery operated.
Torches
Masking tape for windows (5 rolls)
Packing tape - for securing items (10 rolls)
Black Plastic Bags to cover computers and files (6 Packs)
Gloves
Mop and buckets
Brooms
Hoses
Buckets
First aid Kit
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CYCLONE PLAN FOR GOVERNMENT BUSINESS
MANAGERS (GBMs)
Evacuation of Government Business Managers
FaHCSIA’s policy for all GBMs in the cyclone zone is that they should plan to leave
rather than stay. The signal for GBMs to be evacuated by air transport is when
they receive a directive from the Regional Director to leave their community. This
directive will be triggered when a cyclone watch for their community/area is
issued i.e. strong winds are expected to affect the area within 48 hours but not
within 24 hours.
GBMs in the cyclone warning zone will be contacted by phone by the GBM Support
Unit and given instructions for evacuation by air transport. This transport will be
organised in consultation with each GBM and the GBM Support Unit staff. It is highly
unlikely that evacuation in the Commonwealth vehicle will be an option.
In the event of evacuation – Secure your AG Complex
Where possible place all outdoor furniture, BBQ’s and loose items etc surrounding
your complex in your accommodation. If your sea container is in use close all
external metal container doors and lock with padlocks provided with your complex.
Leave your government vehicle parked in a sheltered area if possible, with the
handbrake on and in gear. Parking your vehicle up close to one of the sea containers
or demountable would most likely provide maximum protection.
5. Cyclone season preparation
A. Prepare your emergency cyclone kit in October
The cyclone season officially runs from 1st November to 30th April each year. The
first step is to prepare an emergency cyclone kit in October. As it could take a few
days for help to arrive, and because both the power and water supply are likely to be
turned off, this kit should contain:









Transistor radio (battery powered) and spare batteries
Water for 3 days – 5 Litres per person per day
Food in cans for 3 days and a can opener
Torches and spare batteries
Candles and matches/lighter
Medicines – Prescription (If required) Over the counter i.e. Pain Killers, Cold &
Flue, Imodium, Mylanta etc.
First aid kit
Portable stove (e.g. a BBQ and full gas bottle)
Something to rest on (e.g. sleeping mat, camping swag)
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



Strong soled footwear
Rolls of gaffer or masking tape for use on all windows (an “X” of tape across
the whole of the glass panel will strengthen it)
Any small objects of value (e.g. wallet, phone and laptop)
Your satellite phone – as fully charged as possible.
All of the above should be placed into a water proof plastic container or bags.
GBMs should also ensure that they have sufficient supplies to accommodate up to
three visiting officers (reflecting the number of visitors’ quarters).
B. Cleanup any possible debris
Loose objects can become missiles during a cyclone and could potentially contribute
to loss of life and property damage. Clean up activities include:
- putting away any loose materials or tools;
- disposing of any rubbish – Shire Councils will usually assist with this;
- trimming trees if necessary to help them withstand higher winds;
- organising tie down points or some alternative plan for any boats, trailers etc.;
and
padlocking shut the exterior metal doors and windows of any unused containers.
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BELYUEN COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT COUNCIL RISK ASSESSMENT
Name:
Location:
Title:
Date:
Probability
Consequence
Very Likely
Will probably occur immediately
or within a short period of time
Fatality
May cause death or loss of a facility
Likely
Probably will occur in time
Major
Severe injury or illness, or major
property damage
Unlikely
Could eventually happen
Minor
Minor (usually reversible) injury or
illness resulting in days off work,
minor property damage
Highly
Unlikely
Has the potential to occur, but
probably never will
Negligible
Injuries
Minor injury, possible first aid
Likelihood
Consequence
Probability
Item
Very Likely
Likely
Unlikely
Highly
Unlikely
Fatality
High
High
High
Medium
Major
High
High
Medium
Medium
Minor
High
Medium
Medium
Low
Medium
Medium
Low
Low
Negligible
Injuries
Hazard
P
C
RA
Control
Action by
Date
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Reference
Tropical Cyclone Information – Bureau of Meteorology (www.bom.gov.au)
Cyclone Tracy Christmas 1974 – Bureau of Meteorology (www.bom.gov.au)
Shelters in the Northern Territory – Northern Territory Emergency Services
(www.nt.gov.au/pfes)
Severe Storms Information and Action Guide – Northern Territory Emergency
Services (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)
Basic Fire Awareness and Safety Guide – (www.nt.gov.au/pfes)
Earthquake Information and Action Guide – Northern Territory Emergency Services
(www.nt.gov.au/pfes)
Tsunami Information and Action Guide Northern Territory Emergency Services
(www.nt.gov.au/pfes) Geoscience Australia (www.ga.gov.au)
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