Table S6 Characteristics of common BPA detection methods in human urine Analytical LOD Sample Detection rate Reference method (ng/mL) size UPLC-MS/MS 0.06 666 98.9% This study 0.4 30 87% Ye et al. 2005 0.4 314 92.6% Calafat et al. (2008) HPLCa-MS/MS 0.36 404 90.8% Wolff et al.(2008) 0.063 516 76% Hong et al. (2009) 0.28 30 100% Kim et al. (2003) HPLC-FDb 0.026 172 97.5% Yang et al.(2006) HPLC-ECDc 0.5 33 Girls(9y):89%; Adults:52% Liu et al. (2005) HPLC 0.31 0.38 0.26 0.1 922 36 100 394 Males:58%; Females:44% 100% 82% Males:96%; Females:94% He et al. (2009) Arakawa et al. (2004) Ye et al. (2008) Calafat et al. (2005) GCd-MS/MS GC-MS a High-performance liquid chromatography Fluoremetric detection c Electron capture detection d Gas chromatography b Reference 1、 Arakawa C., Fujimaki K., Yoshinaga J., Imai H., Serizawa S., Shiraishi H. Daily urinary excretion of bisphenol A. Environ Health Prev Med 2004: 9:22–26. 2、 Calafat A.M., Kuklenyik Z., Reidy J.A., Caudill S.P., Ekong J., Needham L.L. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol in a human reference population. Environ Health Perspect 2005:113:391–395. 3、 Calafat A.M., Ye X., Wong L.Y., Reidy J.A., Needham L.L. Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003–2004. Environ Health Perspect 2008: 116: 39–44. 4、 He Y., Miao M., Herrinton L.J., Wu C., Yuan W., Zhou Z., et al. Bisphenol A levels in blood and urine in a Chinese population and the personal factors affecting the levels. Environ Res 2009:109(5):629–633. 5、 Hong Y.C., Park E.Y., Park M.S., Ko J.A., Oh S.Y., Kim H., et al. Community level exposure to chemicals and oxidative stress in adult population. Toxicol Lett 2009:184:139–144. 6、 Kim Y.H., Kim C.S., Park S., Han S.Y., Pyo M.Y., Yang M. Gender differences in the levels of bisphenol A metabolites in urine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003: 312:441–448. 7、 Liu Z., Wolff M.S., Moline J. Analysis of environmental biomarkers in urine using an electrochemical detector. J Chromatogr B 2005:819:155–159. 8、 Wolff M.S., Engel S.M., Berkowitz G.S., Ye X., Silva M.J., Zhu C., et al. Prenatal phenol and phthalate exposures and birth outcomes. Environ Health Perspect 2008:116:1092–1097. 9、 Yang M., Kim S.Y., Chang S.S., Lee I.S., Kawamoto T. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A in relation to biomarkers of sensitivity and effect and endocrine-related health effects. Environ Mol Mutagen 2006:47:571–578. 10、Ye X., Kuklenyik Z., Needham L.L., Calafat A.M. Automated on-line column-switching HPLC-MS/MS method with peak focusing for the determination of nine environmental phenols in urine. Anal Chem 2005:77(16):5407–5413. 11、Ye X., Pierik F.H, Hauser R., Duty S., Angerer J., Park M.M., et al. Urinary metabolite concentrations of organophosphorous pesticides, bisphenol A, and phthalates among pregnant women in Rotterdam, the Netherlands: the Generation R study. Environ Res 2008: 108: 260–267.