HEMATOLOGY
(Theory and Practical)
I. ERYTHROCYTES
A. Physiology: Production, Destruction and Function
B. Disease States
1. Anemia
一.
a. Microcytic: Iron deficiency/anemia, Thalassemia, sideroblastic and chronic disease.
一.
b. Normocytic: Hereditary hemolytic, acquired hemolytic, hypoproliferative anemia and acute
hemorrhage.
一.
c. Macrocytic: Megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic.
一.
d. Hemoglobinopathies
2. Erythrocytosis
一.
a. Relative
一.
b. Absolute
C. Laboratory Determinations of:
1. Cell counts (to include Blood and Body Fluids)
一. a. Manual
一. b. Automated
一. c. Reticulocyte
2. Morphological evaluation (to include Blood, Bone Marrow* and Body Fluids)
3. Hematocrit
4. Hemoglobin analyses
a. Quantitative
b. Electrophoresis
c. Other special studies
5. Indices
6. Tests for hemolysis
7. Special stains
8. Enzyme studies
9. Other studies
II. LEUKOCYTES
A. Physiology: Production, Destruction and Function
B. Disease States (WHO classification)
一. 1. Leukopenia
一. 2. Benign leukocytosis: Myeloid and Lymphoid
一. 3. Myeloid neoplasia: Acute leukemia, Myelodysplastic syndromes and Myeloproliferative disorders
一. 4. Lymphoid neoplasia: Acute leukemia, Chronic leukemia/lymphoma
一. 5. Plasma cell dyscrasias
一. Hereditary anomalies
C. Laboratory Determinations
一. 1. Cell counts (to include Blood and Body Fluids)
一. Morphological evaluation (to include Blood, Bone Marrow* and Body Fluids)
一. Special stains
一. Flow Immunophenotyping
一. Other studies
III. PLATELETS
A. Physiology: Production, Destruction and Function
B. Disease States: Thrombocytopenia, Thrombocytosis and Qualitative defects
C. Laboratory Determinations
一. 1. Cell counts
一. 2. Morphological evaluation (to include
Blood and Bone Marrow*)
3. Functional tests
a. Screening (e.g., PFA-100TM)
b. Diagnostic (e.g., platelet aggregation)
4. Other studies
IV. HEMOSTASIS
A. Physiology: Extrinsic pathway, Intrinsic pathway, Common pathway, Fibrinolytic pathway and
Vascular system
B. Disease States:
一. 1. Coagulation factor deficiencies: Acquired and Hereditary
一. 2. Inhibitors
一. 3. Fibrinolytic system
一. 4. Hypercoagulable states
一. 5. DIC
一. C. Laboratory Determinations
一. 1. Screening tests
一. a. PT
一. b. APTT
一. 2. Other tests
一. a. Thrombin time
一. b. Fibrinogen
一. c. Inhibitor assays
一. d. FDP/D-dimer
一. e. Factor assays
一. f. Hypercoagulability tests
一.
D. Anticoagulation Therapy (e.g. INR)
V. LABORATORY OPERATIONS
A. Instrumentation
1. Microscopes
2. Cell counters
3. Differential analyzers
a. Histograms
b. Scatter plots
4. Spectrophotometers
5. Centrifuges
6. Coagulation analyzers
7. Flow cytometers
8. Computers
9. Other instruments
B. Quality Assurance
一. Specimen collection/quality,
processing, storage, disposal
Reagent selection, preparation,
storage, disposal
一. Instrumentation, operation, maintenance
一. Quality control evaluation
一. Method performance evaluation
一. Compliance
C. Laboratory Administration
一. 1. Financial management
一. a. Budgets
一. b. Capital equipment acquisition
一. c. Cost analysis, reimbursement
一. d. Purchasing, inventory
一. e. Operations management
一. f. Licensure
一. 2. Personnel management
一. a. Motivation
一. b. Intra/interdepartmental relations
一. c. Staffing, productivity
一. d. Counseling/disciplinary action
一. e. Facilities management
一. f. Education/training/competency
一. g. Licensure
一. 3. Safety
一. D. Laboratory Mathematics
RECOMMENDED READINGS*
JOURNALS
Advance for Medical Laboratory Professionals. Published by Advance Newsmagazines. Available
online: www.advanceformlp.com
LABMEDICINE. Published by American Society for Clinical Pathology. Chicago: ASCP Press.
www.labmedicine.com
*Review articles from internet resources like Pubmed are highly recommended as being the latest
source for related information.
BOOKS
GENERAL HEMATOLOGY
Greer, J.P., et al. (2008). Wintrobe’s Clinical Hematology (12th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins.
Link to Purchase
Harmening, D.M. (2008). Clinical Hematology & Fundamentals of Hematosis (5th ed.). Philadelphia:
F.A. Davis Company.
Link to Purchase
Kjeldsberg, C. (2006). Practical Diagnosis of Hematologic Disorders (4th ed.). Chicago: ASCP Press.
Link to Purchase
McKenzie, S.B. (2004). Clinical Laboratory Hematology. New Jersey, NJ: Pearson, Prentice Hall. Link
to Purchase
McPherson, R.A. & Pincus, M.R. (2006). Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory
Methods (21st ed.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company. Link to Purchase
Rodak, B.F., et al. (2007). Hematology: Clinical Principles & Applications (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: W. B.
Saunders
Company. Link to Purchase
Swerdlow, S.H., et al. (2008). World Health Organization Classification of Tumour: Pathology and
Genetics: Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (4th ed.). Lyon, France: IARC Press.
Link to Purchase
BODY FLUIDS AND URINALYSIS
Kjeldsberg, C.R. & Knight, J.A. (1993). Body Fluids: Laboratory Examination of Amniotic,
Cerebrospinal, Seminal, Serous & Synovial Fluids (3rd ed.). Chicago: ASCP Press. Link to
Purchase
Strasinger, S.K. & Di Lorenzo, M.S. (2008). Urinalysis and Body Fluids (5th ed.). Philadelphia: F.A.
Davis Company.
Link to Purchase
HEMOSTASIS
Colman, R.W., Marder, V.J., et al. (2005). Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical
Practice (5th ed.).
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Link to Purchase
SUPERVISION
Doucette, L. J. (1997). Mathematics for the Clinical Laboratory. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company.
Link to Purchase
Garcia, L.S. (2004). Clinical Laboratory Management. Washington D.C.: ASM Press. Link to Purchase
Harmening, D.M. (2007). Laboratory Management: Principles and Processes (2nd ed.). Philadelphia:
F.A. Davis
Company. Link to Purchase
ONLINE
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (includes CLIA regulations) cms.hhs.gov
College of American Pathologists (includes CAP survey checklists) www.cap.org
Hematology Images image.bloodline.net
The Joint Commission www.jointcommission.org
Occupational Safety & Health Administration www.osha.gov