Chemistry in Indoor Environments: 20 Years of Research
Supporting Information
This “Supporting Information” categorizes studies that are indirectly related to indoor chemistry.
These include Tables listing papers that address: S1) analytical methods intended for use in
indoor chemistry studies; S2) ozone production from ozone generators, ion generators, and
photocopiers; S3) deposition velocities and/or rate constants for ozone removal in rooms and to
the surfaces of various building products; S4) passive removal of indoor pollutants via reactions
on the surfaces of catalytic paints and ceiling tiles, or sorption to carbon cloths and special
fabrics; and S5) the influence of humidity on emissions from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and latex
paint. Also listed in Table S6 are three editorials related to chemistry in indoor environments.
I have chosen to not include studies of ultraviolet/photocatalytic (UV/PCO) air cleaners.
Although such devices are related to catalytic paints and ceiling tiles that are used for passive
pollutant removal, UV/PCO devices are active air cleaners and, as such, are a further step
removed from the central focus of this review. They also have an already extensive literature of
their own.
Table S1 Analytical methods intended for use in indoor chemistry studies.
• Passive and active sampling using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) (Pacolay et al., 2006;
2008; Shu and Morrison, 2010)
• Apparatus to investigate indoor surface chemistry (Flemmer et al., 2007)
• Cylindrical test chamber for studying ozone/VOCs (Ito and Harashima, 2008)
1
• Contact angles -- surface oxidation (Ploeger et al., 2009)
Table S2 Ozone emitted by ozone generators, ion generators, and photocopiers.
• Ozone generators (Boeniger, 1995)
• Ion generators (Tung et al., 2005; Britigan et al., 2006; Mang et al., 2009)
• Photocopiers (Leovic et al., 1996; 1998; Valuntaite and Girgzdiene, 2007; 2008; Destaillats et
al., 2008)
Table S3 O3 removal on surfaces (studies since 1991).
• Residences (Avol et al., 1998; Lee et al., 1999)
• Various building products & indoor surfaces (Moriske et al., 1998; Kleno et al., 2001; Grontoft,
2002; 2004; Grontoft et al., 2004)
• Modeling (Nazaroff et al., 1993; Reiss et al., 1994)
• Review (Grontoft and Raychaudhuri, 2004)
Table S4 Passive removal of indoor pollutants.
• Surface reactions on catalytic paints (Salthammer and Fuhrmann, 2007; Auvinen and Wirtanen,
2008; Quiller et al., 2009)
• Surface reactions on catalytic ceiling tiles (Gunschera et al., 2009)
• Unintended consequences (Langridge et al., 2009)
• Surface reactions on carbon cloths, special fabrics and green building materials (Hoang et al.,
2009; Ryhl-Svendsen and Clausen, 2009; Kunkel et al., 2010)
2
Table S5 Influence of humidity on emissions from PVC and latex paint.
• Polyvinyl chloride (Clausen et al., 2007)
• Latex paint (Lin and Corsi, 2007; Corsi and Lin, 2009)
Table S6 Editorials that address different aspects of indoor chemistry.
• Nazaroff et al., 2003
• Weschler and Wells, 2004
• Weschler and Little, 2007
References (Supporting Information)
Auvinen, J. and Wirtanen, L. (2008) "The influence of photocatalytic interior paints on indoor air
quality", Atmospheric Environment, 42, 4101-4112.
Avol, E.L., Navidi, W.C. and Colome, S.D. (1998) "Modeling ozone levels in and around
southern California homes", Environmental Science & Technology, 32, 463-468.
Boeniger, M.F. (1995) "Use of ozone generating devices to improve indoor air-quality",
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 56, 590-598.
Britigan, N., Alshawa, A., Nizkorodov, S.A. (2006) “Quantification of ozone levels in indoor
environments generated by ionization and ozonolysis air purifiers”, Journal of the Air &
Waste Management Association, 56, 601-610.
3
Clausen, P.A., Xu, Y., Kofoed-Sorensen, V., Little, J.C. and Wolkoff, P. (2007) "The influence
of humidity on the emission of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from vinyl flooring in
the emission cell "FLEC"", Atmospheric Environment, 41, 3217-3224.
Corsi, R.L. and Lin, C.C. (2009) "Emissions of 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-Pentanediol
Monoisobutyrate (TMPD-MIB) from Latex Paint: A Critical Review", Critical Reviews in
Environmental Science and Technology, 39, 1052-1080.
Destaillats, H., Maddalena, R.L., Singer, B.C., Hodgson, A.T. and Mckone, T.E. (2008) "Indoor
pollutants emitted by office equipment: A review of reported data and information needs",
Atmospheric Environment, 42, 1371-1388.
Flemmer, M.M., Ham, J.E. and Wells, J.R. (2007) "Field and laboratory emission cell
automation and control system for investigating surface chemistry reactions", Review of
Scientific Instruments, 78.
Grontoft, T. (2002) "Dry deposition of ozone on building materials. Chamber measurements and
modelling of the time-dependent deposition", Atmospheric Environment, 36, 5661-5670.
Grontoft, T. (2004) "Measurements and modelling of the ozone deposition velocity to concrete
tiles, including the effect of diffusion", Atmospheric Environment, 38, 49-58.
Grontoft, T., Henriksen, J.F. and Seip, H.M. (2004) "The humidity dependence of ozone
deposition onto a variety of building surfaces", Atmospheric Environment, 38, 59-68.
Grontoft, T. and Raychaudhuri, M.R. (2004) "Compilation of tables of surface deposition
velocities for O-3, NO2 and SO2 to a range of indoor surfaces", Atmospheric Environment,
38, 533-544.
4
Gunschera, J., Andersen, J.R., Schulz, N. and Salthammer, T. (2009) "Surface-catalysed
reactions on pollutant-removing building products for indoor use", Chemosphere, 75, 476482.
Hoang, C.P., Kinney, K.A. and Corsi, R.L. (2009) "Ozone removal by green building materials",
Building and Environment, 44, 1627-1633.
Ito, K. and Harashima, H. (2008) "Fundamental Chamber Experiment on Indoor Secondary
Aerosol Derived from Ozone/VOC Reactions", Journal of Asian Architecture and Building
Engineering, 7, 419-425.
Kleno, J.G., Clausen, P.A., Weschler, C.J. and Wolkoff, P. (2001) "Determination of ozone
removal rates by selected building products using the FLEC emission cell", Environmental
Science & Technology, 35, 2548-2553.
Kunkel, D.A., Gall, E.T., Siegel, J.A., Novoselac, A., Morrison, G.C. and Corsi, R.L. (2010)
"Passive reduction of human exposure to indoor ozone", Building and Environment, 45,
445-452.
Langridge, J.M., Gustafsson, R.J., Griffiths, P.T., Cox, R.A., Lambert, R.M. and Jones, R.L.
(2009) "Solar driven nitrous acid formation on building material surfaces containing
titanium dioxide: A concern for air quality in urban areas?", Atmospheric Environment, 43,
5128-5131.
Lee, K., Vallarino, J., Dumyahn, T., Ozkaynak, H. and Spengler, J.D. (1999) "Ozone decay rates
in residences", Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 49, 1238-1244.
Leovic, K.W., Sheldon, L.S., Whitaker, D.A., Hetes, R.G., Calcagni, J.A. and Baskir, J.N. (1996)
"Measurement of indoor air emissions from dry-process photocopy machines", Journal of
the Air & Waste Management Association, 46, 821-829.
5
Leovic, K., Whitaker, D., Northeim, C. and Sheldon, L. (1998) "Evaluation of a test method for
measuring indoor air emissions from dry-process photocopiers", Journal of the Air & Waste
Management Association, 48, 915-923.
Lin, C.C. and Corsi, R.L. (2007) "Texanol (R) ester alcohol emissions from latex paints:
Temporal variations and multi-component recoveries", Atmospheric Environment, 41, 32253234.
Mang, S.A., Walser, M.L., Nizkorodov, S.A. and Laux, J.M. (2009) "Measurement of Ozone
Emission and Particle Removal Rates from Portable Air Purifiers", Journal of Chemical
Education, 86, 219-221.
Moriske, H.J., Ebert, G., Konieczny, L., Menk, G. and Schondube, M. (1998) "Concentrations
and decay rates of ozone in indoor air in dependence on building and surface materials",
Toxicology Letters, 96-7, 319-323.
Nazaroff, W.W., Gadgil, A.J. and Weschler, C.J. (1993) ‘‘Critique of the use of deposition
velocity in modeling indoor air quality.’’ In: Nagada, N.L. (ed) ASTM Special Technical
Publication: Modeling of Indoor Air Quality and Exposure, ASTM STP 1205, Philadelphia,
PA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 81–104.
Nazaroff, W.W., Weschler, C.J. and Corsi, R.L. (2003) "Indoor air chemistry and physics",
Atmospheric Environment, 37, 5451-5453.
Pacolay, B.D., Ham, J.E. and Wells, J.R. (2006) "Use of solid-phase microextraction to detect
and quantify gas-phase dicarbonyls in indoor environments", Journal of Chromatography A,
1131, 275-280.
Pacolay, B.D., Ham, J.E., Slaven, J.E. and Wells, J.R. (2008) "Feasibility of detection and
quantification of gas-phase carbonyls in indoor environments using PFBHA derivatization
6
and solid-phase microextraction (SPME)", Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 10, 853860.
Ploeger, R., Musso, S. and Chiantore, O. (2009) "Contact angle measurements to determine the
rate of surface oxidation of artists' alkyd paints during accelerated photo-ageing", Progress
in Organic Coatings, 65, 77-83.
Quiller, R.G., Benz, L., Haubrich, J., Colling, M.E. and Friend, C.A. (2009) "Surface Chemistry
of Organic Pollutants: Styrene, Ozone, and Water on TiO2(110)", Journal of Physical
Chemistry C, 113, 2063-2070.
Reiss, R., Ryan, P.B. and Koutrakis, P. (1994) "Modeling ozone deposition onto indoor
residential surfaces", Environmental Science & Technology, 28, 504-513.
Ryhl-Svendsen, M. and Clausen, G. (2009) "The Effect of Ventilation, Filtration and Passive
Sorption on Indoor Air Quality in Museum Storage Rooms", Studies in Conservation, 54,
35-48.
Salthammer, T. and Fuhrmann, F. (2007) "Photocatalytic surface reactions on indoor wall paint",
Environmental Science & Technology, 41, 6573-6578.
Shu, S. and Morrison, G. (2010) "Dynamic solid phase microextraction sampling for reactive
terpenes in the presence of ozone", Talanta, 82, 1884-1891.
Tung, T.C.W., Niu, J.L., Burnett, J. and Hung, K. (2005) "Determination of ozone emission from
a domestic air cleaner and decay parameters using environmental chamber tests", Indoor
and Built Environment, 14, 29-37.
Valuntaite, V. and Girgzdiene, R. (2007) "Investigation of ozone emission and dispersion from
photocopying machines", Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape
Management, 15, 61-67.
7
Valuntaite, V. and Girgzdiene, R. (2008) "Variation of ozone and aerosol particle numerical
concentrations on the working premises under different microclimatic parameters", Journal
of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 16, 135-142.
Weschler, C.J. and Wells, R. (2004) "Guest editorial: Indoor chemistry and health", Indoor Air,
14, 373-375.
Weschler, C. J. and Little, J. C. (2007) “Chemical and physical factors that influence pollutant
dynamics in indoor atmospheric environments”, Atmospheric Environment, 41, 3109-3110.
8