Australian Code of Practice
FOR
THE SELLING OF LIVESTOCK
(Including Guidelines for Structural Requirements)
23rd November 2007
SALEYARD
Compiled by:
OPERATORS AUSTRALIA
ABN 76 103 743 800
PO Box 183, Forbes NSW 2871
Ph: 02 6851 4215 Fax: 02 6851 4801 Email: soa nsw@bigpond.com
Saleyard Name:
……………………………………………..
Address:
……………………………………………..
……………………………………………..
……………………………………………..
Manager:
SCOPE
The Australian Saleyard Code of Practice is a guide to aid saleyard operators in achieving the
required standards for health, safety and welfare for the sale of all classes of livestock by auction at
any saleyard within Australia. All persons directly involved with such sales, shall be conversant
with the Australian Saleyard Code of Practice. In addition it is recommended that all saleyards
should seek to be Quality Assured.
The Australian Saleyard Code of Practice is designed to outline the practices required to underpin
the key regulatory requirements that apply to saleyards within Australian jurisdiction. Additionally,
there may be other programs that assist in industry practice, for example, the obligations regarding
occupational health and safety of workers and safety of visitors to the saleyard is covered under the
Occupational Health & Safety manual instigated within saleyards to meet legal obligations.
A person or company cannot be prosecuted for failing to comply with the Australian Saleyard Code
of Practice, they can however, be prosecuted for failing to comply with the Acts or Regulations that
support this Code of Practice. Failure to observe the Code of Practice may be used as evidence that
relevant Acts or Regulations have been contravened.
Members need to ensure that site specific issues are taken into consideration when implementing.
Should any saleyard either directly or indirectly, encounter difficulties with implementation of the
provisions of this Code of Practice, such matters should be clarified and/or ratified, as appropriate,
by reference to the individual State or Territory Saleyard Association or Saleyard Operators
Australia.
State Association Name:
……………………………………………………………….
State Contact details Postal: ………………………………….............................................
Phone:
……………………………………………………………….
Email:
……………………………………………………………….
Name:
Saleyards Operators Australia
Mailing address: PO Box 183
FORBES NSW 2871
Phone:
(02) 6851 4215
Fax:
(02) 6851 4801
Email:
soa.nsw@bigpond.com
Website:
www.saleyards.info
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Acknowledgments; Saleyard Operators Australia would like to thank and acknowledge the
following organisations who have contributed towards establishing this first edition of an
Australian Saleyard Code of Practice:
AgForce Queensland
Australian Government - Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
Animal Health Australia
Australian Livestock Exporters Council
Australian Lot Feeders Association
Australian Livestock and Property Agents Association
Australian Livestock Transporters Association
Australian Meat Industry Council
Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service
Cattle Council of Australia
Meat and Livestock Australia
NSW Farmers Association
The State Departments of Primary Industries
Sheepmeat Council of Australia
WA Meat industry Authority
In addition Saleyard Operators Australia would like to specially acknowledge the following that
have participated and provided an important contribution to the drafting of this industry standard:
Michelle Edge, Symbio Alliance
John Lapworth, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries Queensland
Amanda Paul, Departments of Primary Industries NSW
Ian Crafter, Atlex Stockyards, Dubbo
Managers of Roma and Gracemere saleyards of Queensland,
Managers of Ballarat and Wodonga of Victoria,
Managers of Wagga and Forbes saleyard of NSW
Individual Saleyard Staff from across Australia.
To all of the above on behalf of the SOA Board our sincere thanks and appreciation for your
participation that has caused the excellent standard achieved in this edition of an Australian
industry Code of Practice for saleyards.
Ron Penny
CEO
Saleyard Operators Australia.
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CONTENTS
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1. Site and Services Requirements
2. Structural Requirements
General
Feed and Water
Shelter
Vehicular Areas
Loading and Unloading Areas
Public and Auctioneers Walkways
Ramps
(A) Cattle
Recommendations new ramps
Selling Pens
Pens, Forcing Yard and Drafting Races
Receival Yards
(B) Sheep
Selling Pens
Recommendations new ramps
Pens, Forcing Yard and Drafting Races
Receival Yards
General
Truck Wash Areas
Amenities
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7
7
7
8
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3. Operational Requirements
Occupational Health and Safety
Commercial Considerations
Animal Welfare
General Management at Saleyards
Specific Activities for Transport of Livestock
Fitness of Livestock to be Transported
Unloading and Loading Procedures
Weak, ill or injured Livestock
Loading and Unloading Facilities
Handling Livestock at Saleyards
Expectation of livestock received at saleyards
General management of livestock
Arrival Time and Pen Allocation
Livestock Pen Density
National Livestock Identification System
NVD Cattle and Sheep
Dead Animals
Emergency Unloading
Saleyard Security
Scale Operations
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23
24
25
25
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4. Saleyards Operators Responsibilities
Training and staff competency
NLIS Cattle and Sheep
26
27
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5. Vendors Responsibilities
Preparation and Presentation of animals for Transport
NLIS Responsibilities
Arrival Time
Owner’s Risk
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6. Livestock Agents’ Responsibilities
Animal Welfare
NLIS and NVD’s in saleyards
Duty Agents
Information Transfer
Arrival Time
Preparation and Presentation of Stock for Sale
Terms and Conditions of sale
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8. Buyers’ Responsibilities
Livestock Security
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31
9. Emergency Disease
Response Plan
31
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Reference List Guide
32
Appendix 1 - Post Mortem Observations and Condemnation
33
Appendix 2 - Emergency Disease Response Guidelines for saleyards
35
Appendix 3 and 3A - Biosecurity Guidelines for saleyards
37
Appendix 4 - Sample Response Plan to an animal health emergency
42
Definitions:
Saleyard Operator
Selling Agent
Livestock Buyer
Transporters
Industry Body
Responsible person
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The saleyard operator is a person, company or organisation who is in charge
of the saleyard and the subsequent operation of the saleyards.
Is a livestock agent who is the facilitating person, company or organisation
who is responsible for and conducts the sale of livestock within the
saleyards.
The livestock buyer is the person who bids on and purchases livestock from a
saleyard.
The transporters of livestock are persons or company that move the livestock
principally by road to and from the saleyard.
Is an organisation that represents the interests of livestock producers at both
state and national level.
Is a person or Company that is in charged of the welfare of animals at any
given time.
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1
SITE and SERVICES REQUIREMENTS
OUTCOME REQUIRED
The saleyard is located and provided with essential services to facilitate safe, efficient and
environmentally friendly operation.
In compliance with work safe requirements all persons who seek to enter a saleyard to conduct
work or enter a workplace area at a saleyards should have obtained Saleyards Occupational Health
and Safety OH&S Accreditation and observe at all times the work place rules and regulation as
stipulated within the saleyard OH&S Manual. (Accreditation in NSW saleyards is mandatory)
Site
1.1
The land on which the saleyard is situated should:
1.1.1 be well positioned on land that is well drained and not subject to flooding;
1.1.2 be free from objectionable odours, smoke, ash, dust or other environmental
contamination;
1.1.3 be large enough in size to allow for the construction of appropriate structures; and
1.1.4 have safe access and egress for vehicle traffic, including loading/unloading, turning,
parking and minor repairs.
Services
1.2
The saleyards should provide:
1.2.1 water in a suitable quality and quantity and under pressure as necessary to ensure all
activities involved in the saleyard can be carried out efficiently;
1.2.2 a reliable energy supply (electricity, gas, etc.) that ensures efficient operations;
1.2.3 waste disposal systems sufficient to handle and where necessary, treat all liquid and
solid waste that meets current environmental regulations; and
1.2.4 traffic ways constructed and maintained so as to not create unacceptable levels of
dust and other environmental contamination and be safe for people and animals.
1.3
Facilities should comply with local environmental requirements and Local and State
Government laws and regulations, including approval from all Water Catchment
Authorities.
2
STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS
OUTCOME REQUIRED
The Saleyard is designed, constructed and maintained to facilitate efficient flow and visibility
of livestock for sale whilst providing for human safety and animal welfare.
General
2.1
A saleyard should be constructed and maintained so as to maximise operator safety and
minimise stress and injury to livestock. This includes construction with material and
designed so that there are no projections, slippery surfaces etc, which could lead to bruising
or injury of livestock and stock handlers.
2.2
The saleyard should be designed to enable a smooth flow of livestock through the saleyard
with minimal risk or stress for animals.
2.3
Curved raceways, races and pressure areas with solid sheet designs are recommended in
high livestock movement or through put areas.
2.4
All identified livestock “movement and sale areas” should be constructed to provide a nonslip surface. Consideration should be given to providing soft standing “holding areas” for
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livestock to minimise stress and fatigue. Saleyards constructed undercover should give
consideration to soft standing flooring for cattle to minimise stress and fatigue.
2.5
Livestock selling areas should be of a size large enough to allow movement of the required
number of livestock to be sold in those yards.
2.6
The yards should be constructed so as to allow the drainage, collection and disposal of
waste without causing environmental problems.
2.7
The saleyards should be constructed so as to minimize dust, mud and faecal contamination
of livestock.
2.8
A process should be in place and used when necessary for reducing dust problems where
soil or soft stand materials are used.
2.9
There will be safe access for the public and livestock buyers to clearly view the livestock
for sale.
2.10
In accordance with OH&S requirements in those areas which experience extreme weather
conditions, consideration should be given towards the protection of livestock, buyers,
sellers, agents, and staff. This particularly applies to the construction of new saleyard
facilities after the introduction of this Code of Practice.
Feed and Water
2.11
Livestock holding pens and yards should be equipped with watering troughs of suitable size,
which are easily accessible to the livestock and which minimise the potential for injury and
fouling of the water. Cattle will also have access to drinkable water within the selling pens
at all times.
2.12
Livestock should be monitored to ensure that they are drinking and if not drinking
(depending on seasonal temperature / conditions) action should be taken to investigate and
if possible rectify the cause(s).
2.13
Where livestock are to be held in the yards for more than 24 hours, feeding facilities, such
as feeding racks, self feeding bins or feed troughs should be provided in the yards for
livestock to be fed, or agistment paddock with suitable stock feed.
Shelter
2.14 Where applicable provision of shade and or shelter for animals in hot climates and
protection from wind and rain in cold climates is recommended. As far as practicable
livestock should be protected from the extremes of weather that can cause heat or cold
stress. Shade, shelter, feed provisions and other activities to protect livestock should be part
of the overall livestock management plan.
2.15
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All new saleyards should include provisions of shade and shelter in accordance with best
practice standards and meet quality assurance and animal welfare requirements.
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Vehicular Areas
2.16 Standing areas for rear wheels and axel groups at loading ramps should be level, paved or
sealed. Where possible other areas should be managed to minimise dust. It is recommended
excess animal waste should be removed prior to each sale.
2.17
Parking facilities for patrons separate from livestock vehicles will be provided for both
safety and convenience. Vehicular access and movement is to be in accordance with
saleyard OH&S requirements, with surface maintained to ensure minimal potholes,
corrugations, or bogging.
2.18
Provision will be made for emergency vehicles (e.g. ambulance) to park with reasonable
access to all areas.
Loading and Unloading Areas
2.19 Loading and unloading facilities must be designed to provide a safe work system and
environment, with provision for easy access and smooth traffic flow as stipulated within the
Saleyard OH&S Manual.
2.20
At Saleyards where livestock are received and dispatched between sunset and sunrise,
lighting capable of illuminating pens, unloading and loading areas effectively should be
provided. Lights should be positioned to create even illumination that will encourage safe
animal movement and not create shadows that may cause livestock to baulk or that may
disturb neighboring properties and normal neighbor activities.
Public and Auctioneers Walkways
2.21 Handler Facilities – where applicable provision should be constructed in accordance to
Australian Standard AS1657 - 1992 “Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders design, construction and installation”, and the Occupational Health & Safety (Floors,
Passageways and Stairs) Regulation, 1990, when examining and assessing walkways and
guard-rails, stairs, landings, hand-railing and fixed ladders. Additionally, positioning of
safety rail should be considered.
2.22
Existing, older saleyards should have a maintenance plan in place seeking to comply with
current industry standards.
2.23
There should be access to auctioneers walkways from stock lanes and these access points
shall have signage to prevent unauthorized entry. Where ever possible all walkways should
be kept separate from livestock and managed in consideration of OH&S regulations and
recommendations for a safe working environment.
2.24
Auctioneers’ walkways less than 1300mm in height may not require guard rails providing
walkways have a minimum width of 450mm, a non-slip surface is provided and a risk
assessment has been undertaken.
Ramps
2.25 The slope varies with animal species and generally should not exceed approximately 20
degrees for permanently installed ramps. (Victoria require 12 degrees maximum on all cattle
ramps)
2.26
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Portable or adjustable ramps should have a slope of not more than approximately 20 degrees
cattle and 30 degrees sheep and they will be equipped with failsafe anchoring devices.
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2.27
Flaps and filler boards should be used to cover any gap between the loading ramp and the
floor of the stock crate.
2.28
Loading and unloading ramps should be constructed of non-slip materials with level paved
areas for the truck rear wheels. Side loading / unloading to be on level ground. The ramp
walls should be blanked in (smooth, internal cladding) to ensure animals are not baulked,
distracted or disturbed by activities outside the ramp.
2.29
Entry and exit gates with a minimum width of 600mm should be installed at the top of
ramps for personal access and walkways should be constructed on both sides of each ramp.
Ramps are to comply with the Australian Standard AS1657 - 1992 “Fixed platforms, walkways,
stairways and ladders - design, construction and installation”, and the Occupational Health &
Safety (Floors, Passageways and Stairs) Regulation, 1990. Ramps should have an engineers design
certification statement before installation.
a)
CATTLE
Recommendation; New cattle ramps should be constructed as follows:
2.30 Gradients
2.30.1 To be constructed with a maximum slope of not more than 20 degrees, (no greater
than 12 degrees in Victoria) whether the ramp is fixed or portable/adjustable; and
2.30.2 A minimum 1.5m long, level landing platform should be constructed at the top of all
ramps. Ideally this landing section should be made adjustable.
2.31
Ramp Surfaces
2.31.1 The ramp surface should be constructed with preference for concrete steps with a
recommended rise of 100mm and a tread width of 450mm or cleats, 25mm by 25mm
spaced 400mm apart on a concrete surface. (Queensland, ramps may be a continuous
slope with deep grooves or floor cleats)
2.31.2 All surfaces should be non-slip and easily cleaned.
2.32
Ramp Race Dimensions
2.32.1 A width of 800mm is recommended as this is narrow enough to prevent cattle from
turning around in the race and wide enough for comfortable movement; and
2.32.2 The top rail height should be a minimum of 1650mm measured from the ramp
surface with a preferred height of 1800mm.
2.33
Ramp Safety
2.33.1 Where ramps are adjustable, appropriate safety locking devices should be installed
with clear instruction on how they are to be used. Winches, which have friction
clutches, are recommended. All winches should comply with AS 1418.2 1997
Cranes (including hoists and winches) Part 2 Serial hoists and winches.
2.33.2 All new constructions should where possible install powered (electric, air or
hydraulic) winches.
2.34
Ramp Race Construction (including draft races)
2.34.1 At the bottom of each ramp there should be a 2000mm x 800mm section of race
joining the forcing yard and the loading ramp.
2.34.2 All race sides should be blanked in with smooth internal cladding. (In Victoria ramp
sides must be fully sheeted)
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2.35
Ramp Docking Facilities (Rear loading)
A self-aligning bumper should be installed to bridge the gap between the race ramp and the
truck. The ramp should also have adjustable side panels that fit against the truck so as to
prevent animals from attempting to escape by jumping out through any gap.
Selling Pens
2.36 Selling pens are to be constructed to enable access and viewing of livestock. Pens will
provide adequate space for animals to access water and move in accordance with
recommended stock densities for the welfare of livestock at saleyards.
(Refer to Animal Welfare – pen density 3.75)
Recommendation:
New cattle selling pens should be approximately twice the width as depth (6x3m) and
laneways should be 2.9m wide, thus gates swung into the laneway can only open to
approximately 75 degrees providing protection for livestock handlers. It is further
recommended that dividing fences between selling pens be gates to allow for larger lot size
and also cleaning purposes.
Pens, Forcing Yard and Drafting Races
2.37 Pens, races and selling rings should be graded not less than 1 to 50 to the drains.
2.38
Within the saleyards all protrusions must be removed to help minimise potential risk of
injury.
2.39
Pen Dimensions
2.39.1 Space within pens should be such as to allow livestock to move freely around the
pen, with easy access to water. Minimum gate opening widths should be 2400mm.
2.39.2 The top rail heights should be a minimum of 1650mm measured from the yard
surface. (Recommendation: All new saleyards have a minimum top rail height of
1800mm)
2.40
Handler Facilities
2.40.1 No particular handler facilities shall be required in the forcing yard area.
2.40.2 It is recommended that all gates in forcing yards and loading ramps be ‘slam shut’
spring loaded type (no protrusions) with a suitable person access gate leading to the
loading race catwalk for the stockperson.
Receival Yards
2.41 Configuration and Dimensions – Existing facilities will be judged on their merits with
animal welfare and OH&S the prime consideration.
2.42
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Receival Yard Surfaces – May be soft standing or a hard surface. In respect to soft standing
the surface should be covered with an appropriate material (eg sawdust, wood chips,
matting etc) suitable for the livestock facility and is hygienically maintained. In hard surface
areas where it is not practical to install a grooved surface, the following alternatives are
recommended:
2.42.1 Cleats: recommended 50mm by 50mm, spaced 400mm apart and at a 90 degree
angle to the direction of livestock movement with appropriate cross rows of cleats to
this on the ramp and in races to help prevent slippage by animals;
2.42.2 If considered desirable cutting appropriate grooving in the existing concrete flooring
may be undertaken (i.e. concrete scouring or a concrete cutter). It is essential that
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any grooving or scouring does not expose or cut steel reinforcing or jeopardise the
floor integrity.
b)
SHEEP
Selling Pens
2.43 Selling pens should be constructed in a way that allows easy access and viewing of
livestock. Pens are to provide adequate space for animals to move in accordance with the
recommended livestock densities for sheep in the welfare of livestock at saleyards. The pen
height should effectively contain all livestock.
(Refer to Animal Welfare – pen density 3.75).
In constructing new selling centres, it is recommended that dividing fences between selling
pens be made into gates to allow for easy cleaning with a sweeper, hosing or skid steer and
displaying larger lines of sheep.
Recommendation: New sheep ramps should be constructed as follows:
2.44 Gradients
2.44.1 To be constructed with a slope of 20 degrees and not more than a maximum of 30
degrees whether the ramp is fixed or portable / adjustable; and
2.44.2 A 1.5m x 0.8m landing platform should be constructed at the top of permanent
ramps.
2.45
Ramp Surfaces
2.45.1 The ramp surface should be constructed of concrete steps with a recommended rise
of 50mm and a tread width of 250mm or cleats, 25mm x 25mm spaced 200mm apart
on a concrete surface.
2.45.2 All surfaces must be non-slip and easily cleaned.
2.46
Ramp Race Dimensions
2.46.1 A width of 800 mm is considered a suitable working width that is narrow enough to
encourage sheep to move forward.
2.46.2 The ramp race should be a minimum of 3.092 metres long. (industry standard is 8
metres)
2.46.3 Top rail height should be a minimum of 900mm and a maximum of 1000mm,
measured from the ramp surface.
2.47
Ramp Safety
Where ramps are adjustable, appropriate safety locking devices should be installed with
clear instruction that they are to be used at all times. Winches, which have friction clutches,
are recommended. (It is strongly recommended all ramps should have an engineers design
certification statement before installation)
2.48
Ramp Race Construction (including draft races)
2.48.1 Race at the bottom of each ramp - there should be a 2.0 metre x .800mm section of
straight race joining the forcing yard and the loading ramp; and
2.48.2 All race sides should be blanked in with smooth internal cladding. (In Victoria all
ramps are to be fully sheeted so as not to be able to pass any hands or arms between
the rails)
2.49
A walkways with a non slip floor should be constructed as part of the loading ramp. Ideally,
the walkway should be 0.6 meter to 0.75 meter wide and situated 1.0 meter below the top
rail of the loading ramp (a safety rail must be incorporated in the structure). Entry and exit
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gates with a minimum width of 600mm should be installed at the top of ramps for personal
access.
2.50
Ramp Docking Facilities (rear loading) - A self-aligning bumper should be installed to
bridge the gap between the race ramp and the truck. It is recommended the ramp should also
have spring loaded side panels, which fit against the truck so as to prevent animals from
jumping out through the gap.
Pens, Forcing Yard and Drafting Races
2.51 Forcing Pen Dimensions
2.51.1 The radius of the forcing pen should be a minimum of 2.4 metres with a minimum of
3.0 metres (maximum). The entrance should be 2.4 metres, with the exit 0.60
metres.
2.51.2 Top rail heights should be between 900mm and 1000mm measured from the yard
surface.
2.52
Forcing Yard Surfaces
The gradient of the pen should be such that it provides adequate drainage – eg. 75mm per
1000mm.
2.53
Handler Facilities
A suitable person gate leading to the loading race catwalk may aid the stockperson in
carrying out their duties.
Receival Yards
2.54 Configuration and Dimensions
The yards should be constructed to enable easy throughput of livestock and should have
consideration to animal welfare and OH&S requirements.
GENERAL
Truck Wash Areas
OUTCOME REQUIRED
Transport wash areas that enable effective cleaning of vehicles, prevent environmental
contamination and eliminate any other animal welfare and biosecurity risks.
2.55
Saleyard with 25 or more sales per year should have an operational truck washing facilities,
or have access to an existing truck wash within an acceptable distance.
2.56
The truck washing area, where provided, should be:
2.56.1 Paved with concrete.
2.56.2 Large enough to accommodate at least one maximum sized semi-trailer (approx 20
meters) in areas where new truck washes are being constructed they should cater for
B-doubles or road trains.
2.56.3 Be graded to a drainage inlet large enough to accommodate wash water and solids
(sediments).
2.56.4 Except at the entrances, be kerbed at the edges to a height of not less than 300mm
2.56.5 provide sufficient volume of water at adequate pressure to clean all trucks as
required.
2.57
A wastewater management disposal system should be in place so that wastewater does not
cause environmental problems.
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2.58
A clear notice displaying operating hours and adequate instructions for the use of the truck
washing facilities should be provided at the truck wash.
2.59
Water recycling facilities should be considered in the installation of new truck wash
facilities.
Amenities
OUTCOME REQUIRED
Provide suitable facilities that will encourage patrons, vendors, agents and buyers to continue
to support sales at the saleyard.
2.60
An amenities building should be provided on a site that allows for adequate waste disposal,
hygienic toilet and washing facilities for transport operators, the public, staff and with
access for people with a disability. The design of amenity facilities shall comply with the
current Building Code of Australia and the Health Act as it appears in each state and
territory.
2.61
There should be lighting in all amenities so as to ensure safe night time use. This lighting
must comply with OH&S requirements within the saleyard complex.
2.62
There should be:
2.62.1 A separate material storage area for cleaning and maintenance equipment used at the
saleyard.
2.62.2 Office accommodation adequate for the intended purpose; and
2.62.3 A telephone and where possible internet access, computer and fax.
2.62.4 An emergency telephone (locations clearly identified)
2.63
Where a canteen is provided, it should comply with all local health regulations and be large
enough to service the saleyard customers.
3.
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
OUTCOME REQUIRED
Saleyards are managed and operated in a way that is acceptable to the general public, and in a
manner that safeguards human safety, food safety and animal welfare.
Under good Corporate Governance it is recommended that saleyard have a system in place such as
a Saleyard Advisory Committee as part of the overall management strategy.
3.1
Saleyard Advisory Committee – The saleyard operator or their agent shall be responsible for
the coordination of and continued functioning of a Saleyard Advisory Committee. The
committee should include (but is not restricted to) representation from buyers, agents,
vendors, livestock carriers and council representatives, with the saleyard manager in
attendance.
(In NSW the participation by a veterinarian is also recommended to aid in the management
of animal welfare.)
3.2
There should be an agenda at all meetings to address safety, animal welfare issues and
ensuring best practice management is maintained within the saleyard complex
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Occupational Health and Safety
OUTCOME REQUIRED
To operate and manage a saleyard in a manner conducive to a hazard free environment in
accordance with the Saleyard Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) Manual as applicable
to each State and Territory.
3.3
The Saleyard Operator should ensure that the standards required under the relevant State
and Territory Occupational Health and Safety Act and Regulations are met in accordance
with the Saleyard Manual and that a copy of this manual is to be available at the saleyard on
request.
3.4
All persons entering a saleyard with the intention of conducting work related activities must
be accredited. A register of accredited persons within the saleyards will be maintained and
kept at the saleyards.
3.5
The Hazardous Substances Regulation requires employers to identify hazardous substances,
undertake a risk assessment and provide appropriate control measures on hazardous
substances used or produced in the workplace.
3.6
A register containing a list of all hazardous substances used or produced in the saleyard is
required to be kept at the saleyards. The register should contain Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS) and the risk assessments undertaken. Hazardous substances may include, for
example; branding fluids, petrol, diesel, cleaning chemicals, pesticides, herbicides and
paint.
3.7
A lockable shed should be provided to house all hazardous materials, and all hazardous
substances must be adequately labelled and a MSDS list available at the saleyard office or
site storage area.
3.8
All chemicals should be stored and used in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s
specified instructions and all relevant legislation for each state and territory.
3.9
Any materials brought into the saleyard including feed, fencing materials, soft standing
material such as sawdust and soil should be of a known, accredited status being specified
free of contamination.
3.10
All care should be taken to ensure livestock do not have access to areas or materials that are
potential sources of chemical contamination, such as pest baits and herbicide treated weeds.
3.11
First aid facilities should be provided at the saleyard and their access clearly signposted. A
register of injuries and first aid treatment should be kept. There should be an emergency
procedure that is documented and followed for serious injuries requiring more than first aid
treatment. The emergency procedure should include key contact details for ambulance,
hospital, doctor and the onsite first aid person.
3.12
All accidents and work-related illnesses are to be reported to the relevant State Work Cover
if as a result of the accident or illness at the workplace a person, whether an employee,
subcontractor or visitor, cannot carry out their usual tasks for at least 7 days.
3.13
A risk assessment should be undertaken for all plant and work procedures carried out in the
saleyards and documented. Consideration will be given to the OH&S safe work system
when cleaning saleyards.
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3.14
All employees working outdoors should be protected from the sun’s harmful rays in
accordance with the Saleyards OH&S manual. This means employers should:
3.14.1 Provide and maintain equipment needed to protect outdoor workers from the sun.
3.14.2 Provide any information, instruction, training and supervision needed.
3.15
All people entering the Saleyard for the purposes of the sale or to inspect animals should be
made aware that the saleyards is a workplace area which has restricted areas within the
Saleyard. These restricted areas are to be signposted in accordance with the Saleyard
OH&S Manual.
3.16
Procedures should be in place to help prevent employees contracting any disease or
infection that may be transmitted from animals to humans.
3.17
Where required, all employees should be provided with the correct personal protective
equipment and trained in its use.
Commercial Considerations
OUTCOME REQUIRED
To ensure that the well being of the animal is maintained throughout the process of the sale
ensuring accuracy of sale.
3.18
Only scourable branding fluids should be used in the paint branding of livestock.
3.19
Dirty or soiled livestock delivered to the saleyard should be unloaded, held and sold in a
nominated area, separated from other livestock. Vendors delivering injured, damaged or
dirty/soiled livestock to the saleyard that are not acceptable for slaughter should be formally
notified by phone and letter of the unacceptable condition of their stock and reported to an
appropriate authority. Continued non-compliance with the required standard may result in
livestock not being accepted for sale.
3.20
The saleyard should provide for a separate and designated area for the receipt and sale of
livestock from properties quarantined or affected with diseases as detailed under the Stock
Diseases Act within the AUSVET Plan for each state and territory.
Animal Welfare
OUTCOME REQUIRED
Management of livestock at saleyards is conducted to ensure that risk to animal welfare is
minimised.
General management at saleyards
3.21
Relevant Standard Operating Procedures and Work Instructions that contain animal welfare
considerations for the daily management of livestock and humane destruction of livestock
on the premises should be developed and made available to personnel as necessary.
3.22
A system is in place for ongoing verification and review of practices that impact on animal
welfare. This involves annual review of humane destruction data and other practices to
ensure that corrective actions are taken appropriately and changes are made as required.
3.23
Written agreed contingencies outlining procedures to be followed for managing livestock in
the event of delay, receival of livestock out of hours, extremes of weather conditions,
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industrial disputes and emergency welfare strategies are developed ready for
implementation as required.
3.24
Only competent persons are available or on-call to conduct the designated tasks. An out of
hours contact number and procedure for personnel to follow to ensure livestock welfare
must be provided.
3.25
Management procedures are in place to ensures all personnel on the premises conduct their
activities to minimise the risks to animal welfare while observing OH&S regulations.
Specific activities for transport of livestock
3.26 Where possible, transport companies should operate to an industry supported land transport
quality assurance program containing specific animal welfare provisions.
3.27
All transporters working dogs working in the saleyard must be muzzled and supervised. The
number of dogs used should be strictly limited to that necessary to complete the task. Local
rules banning dogs in the saleyards must be observed. Working dogs must not be
transported in the same pen as the livestock.
3.28
Livestock transporters are responsible for the cleaning of their vehicles prior to the loading
of any livestock.
3.29
If the livestock transporters, veterinarian or stock inspector considers that any livestock
presented for transport are not likely to cope with the journey or are not fit for transport,
loading of those animals must be refused.
Fitness of livestock to be transported
3.30 When determining whether livestock are fit for re-loading, livestock should be assessed to
be “fit for the intended journey” in accordance with the following specified criteria:
• be able to walk on their own by bearing weight on all legs
• not be visibly dehydrated;
• not showing visible signs of severe injury or distress;
• be of sufficient health and vigour;
• not have a condition that is likely to cause further pain or suffering during the journey;
• when concerned about whether livestock are fit to travel, advice from veterinarian or stock
inspector should be sought.
3.31
Effective arrangements for livestock considered not fit to travel should be in place at the
saleyard and the following actions may apply:
• effective containment in a suitable holding area
• rest
• provision of shelter, feed and water
• veterinary treatment, or
• humane destruction.
Unloading and loading procedures
3.32 Livestock arriving at the premises will be unloaded under the supervision of experienced
stock handlers or livestock manager(s).
3.33
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Before unloading, drivers and personnel at the unloading ramp should check the condition
of the receival area and make sure arrangements are in place for penning of livestock and/or
that appropriate pens are available.
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3.34
During unloading and loading, the stock crate gate should be properly aligned with the
loading ramp to ensure minimal injury and the smooth movement of animals. Filler boards
and flaps will be used to cover any gap between the loading ramp and the floor of the stock
crate.
3.35
Transport operators and agents should be aware of the procedural cut-off times of operation
at the saleyards and manage delivery or dispatch to suit these requirements.
3.36
At unloading, if the facility is unmanned or the saleyard has closed for the day, out-of-hours
arrangements are to be followed. Drivers should check to ensure that unloaded livestock
have access to water.
3.37
In saleyards that permit operation at night, lighting should be positioned to give even
illumination over ramps, races, yards and inside the transport vehicle, and should not shine
into the eyes of livestock moving in the desired direction.
Weak, ill or injured livestock
3.38 Subject to each state and territories firearm legislation, there should be an operational rifle
and/or captive bolt for the humane destruction of livestock as required, that is cleaned and
maintained in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and stored in a secure place.
3.39
Consignments of livestock should be assessed upon arrival at the saleyard and any weak, ill
or injured livestock should be identified. Livestock that are fatigued from transport or are
identified to be weak should be managed to minimise risk to their welfare.
3.40
Appropriate arrangements need to be made when ill, weak or injured livestock are identified
to:
 separate the animal(s) for rest and recovery,
 treat the animal(s): or
 carry out humane destruction as required.
Injured, diseased or moribund stock should be destroyed by nominated personnel at the
saleyard. The nominated contact person for the saleyards shall be competent (by means of
experience, on the job training or formal training) in humane destruction if required out of
hours otherwise be able to contact a competent person. If the course of action is not
obvious, veterinary advice should be sought.
3.41
The agent or stock receival officer should be notified of any weak, ill or injured livestock to
be able to take corrective action to separate the animal for rest or recovery, treat or
humanely destroy as required. During this inspection of the condition of the livestock,
records are made as required on Livestock Receival Forms or other relevant documentation.
Where required, veterinary advice should be sought.
3.42.
A system must be in place for livestock received outside normal saleyard operating hours.
Livestock should be inspected when the working day begins to identify any cases of illness,
weakness or injury and the appropriate action must be taken.
3.43
Any problems or risks to animal welfare that may have been encountered during the
transport journey should be communicated to the agent or stock receival officer and
recorded upon arrival (eg. curfew related information if there is to be dry curfew or other
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arrangement, livestock identified to have had difficulties during the journey, mortalities or
other issues).
3.44
Where livestock require humane destruction, the procedure must be carried out promptly
and effectively and the animal is observed to ensure death has occurred or further action is
taken accordingly.
3.45
If livestock are born at the saleyard, special arrangements should be made to protect the new
born livestock. These arrangements may include; separate penning with the mother in
holding areas, provision of feed, water and shelter or humane destruction of the newborn.
3.46
Where a “downer” animal is identified on a truck, the remaining livestock should where
possible be unloaded from the vehicle first, provided that this will not cause any further
injury to the “downed” animal. For “downer” livestock remaining on the truck, time may be
given to see if the animal or animals may regain composure and footing, otherwise action
for humane destruction should be carried out.
Loading and Unloading facilities
3.47 The vehicle should be properly aligned with the ramp to ensure there is no sizeable gap that
that may cause injury to the livestock during loading or unloading.
3.48
After loading or unloading the transporters should ensure that the top and bottom race slide
gates on the ramp are closed and where applicable the chains are removed from the truck.
3.49
The saleyard operators are to encourage all persons to report any problems encountered with
facilities (including structural problems with gates, ramps, raceways) prior to leaving the
saleyard to ensure repairs can be made as soon as possible.
3.50
Should repairs be unable to be made prior to the next scheduled loading, loading should
cease at that particular site until repairs are complete. This is important to ensure safe
workplace environment and animal welfare.
Handling livestock at saleyards
3.51 Livestock should be handled and moved through the saleyard facility in a calm and quiet
manner to minimise stress. Animals with limited room to move should not be unduly
forced, pushed or excessively handled. Where this occurs, that section of the saleyard
facility design should be examined and if possible modified as soon as practicable.
3.52
Saleyard personnel and associated agents have a responsibility to report any case of animal
abuse to the nominated saleyard manager who shall record this information and take action
as required.
3.53
Calves and lambs may be carefully lifted and placed on the vehicle if they cannot negotiate
loading ramps.
3.54
The use of goading implements for livestock handling should be monitored to ensure the
use is appropriate for the class of livestock and should not be used outside relevant
State/Territory legislation.
Note in NSW (Schedule 1 Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (General) Regulation 2006)
electric prodders may only be used on weaned cattle, sheep and pigs and should not be used
repeatedly on a single animal or where livestock do not have room to move forward.
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3.55
Dogs used to assist in moving livestock are to be appropriately trained, muzzled, supervised
and controlled. Dogs are to be used only on appropriate species of livestock
3.56
Handling aids should be used with care when moving livestock and should be made of
materials that would not cause injury to livestock. Handling aids should be used as an
extension of the stock handler’s arm to encourage livestock to move. Aids for moving
livestock may include electric prodders, flappers, backing boards, rattlers, canes with flags
attached, hand, arm or body of the stock handler and dogs.
3.57
Stock handlers should ensure that bystanders or items that may cause livestock to baulk do
not impede the movement, loading and unloading of livestock.
Expectation of livestock received at saleyards
3.58 All stock offered and sold shall be in accordance with the Terms and Condition of sale as
declared at the commencement of an auction sale.
Note: there are specifications relating to the presentation and transfer of ownership of
livestock, detailed in the Terms and Conditions for Sale that must be complied with.
(Appendix 1)
3.59
The Vendor has the responsibility to provide livestock that meet the requirements of
regulatory authorities, and carry the appropriate documentation and identification
information.
3.60
Livestock which are reasonably known to be on the point of giving birth should be
accompanied by a veterinary certificate.
3.61
Young stock presented for sale should;
• Have a dry withered navel cord
• Be healthy and strong enough to be transported for sale
• If a bobby calf, be in its 5th day of life
General management of livestock
3.62 Water is checked to be available in lairage (holding yards/pens) for livestock and livestock
are observed to have easy access to the drinking water. In addition water should be checked
and available to livestock in holding yards where:
• Livestock have been travelling longer than 24 hours or deprived of water for more than 24
hours.
• Livestock are to be held in yards for 24 hours or overnight.
Note: If livestock are observed not to be drinking, action should be taken to investigate and
correct the problem, ie. Adjust pen densities and clean water troughs etc. If this is an
ongoing problem, the water source should be examined for quality.
3.63
Sufficient yards should be available for holding livestock and separating different species
and classes of livestock accordingly. Yards should be clean, free from protrusions that could
injure livestock and provide suitable flooring that minimizes slipping and falling.
3.64
The time that livestock have been deprived of water and feed should be communicated
between the transport operator, vendor, agent, buyer and saleyard personnel to ensure that
the specified limits for water deprivation and feed deprivation are appropriately managed
and not exceeded.
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3.65
It is the responsibility of all people that own or are deemed responsible for livestock to be
aware of the relevant maximum time(s) that species are permitted to be without water
and/or feed.
3.66
Bobby calves should not be without liquid feed for more than 24 hours.
3.67
Feed costs will be debited to the owner of the animals at the time of feeding (unless an
alternative local system exists which protects the welfare of the animals, for example
impounding). All livestock, remaining in the saleyards for 24 hours or more should be fed.
Note: There are feeding guidelines available for maintenance feeding of livestock at
saleyards – contact the Queensland Saleyard Association for advice.
Arrival Time and Pen Allocation
OUTCOME REQUIRED
Livestock should arrive at the yards with enough time to allow preparation for sale ensuring
the quality of the stock is displayed to the best advantage and operations are carried out in an
expeditious and humane manner.
The arrival of animals at the saleyard should be in sufficient time to allow their preparation for sale
and pen allocation to be implemented in accordance with local curfews and pen allocation rules.
Cattle
3.68 Cattle shall be securely yarded at the saleyard. It is recommended that where a curfew is
applied at the saleyard a minimum period of three hours in a curfew is observed prior to
weighing. Curfew timing will be established in consideration of animal welfare issues and
to allow time for preparation of livestock for sale. Where curfew conditions are set, the
actual curfew time should be clearly stated and strictly enforced.
3.69
Cattle not meeting the curfew conditions, for whatever reason, should be sold as non-curfew
cattle and the buyers advised accordingly.
3.70
Horned and polled cattle should be penned separately – unless they arrived penned on
transport together in one consignment.
3.71
Where pen allocation is drawn it is to be clearly communicated to all agents in adequate
time to prevent any delays in the operational processes.
Sheep and Lambs
3.72 All sheep destined for sale should, arrive at the saleyard at least one hour prior to the
commencement of the agents sale to avoid disruption to the sale.
3.73 It is recommended that any sheep arriving after this time should be sold at the end of the
sale. If the agent concerned has completed their sale then, subject to local rules, the sheep
should be offered at the end of sale.
3.74 Where pen allocation is drawn it is to be clearly communicated to all agents in adequate time
to prevent any delays in the operational processes.
Livestock Pen Density
3.75 Stock density should allow for animal movement within the pen in relation to easy access to
water, welfare and buyer assessment. The stocking density for selling pens shall be
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calculated on a visual assessment of the weight of the animals by the responsible person and
having regard to the space per animal.
The recommended average space per animal is based on Version 1 Australian Standards for
the Export of Livestock - Standard 4 Vessel Preparation and Loading as extracted below.
Cattle: Number of head per pen based on Table A4.1 of Standard 4 of Australian Standards
for Export of Livestock
Average Weight
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
Space allowance
per animal
.77
.94
1.11
1.28
1.45
1.588
1.725
1.863
2
The number of animals per pen is derived by dividing the space allowance per animal into
the pen size. (example: pen size 36m2/.94 = stocking density of 38 x 250kg animals).
Sheep: Table A4.1.5 Minimum pen area per head of grown sheep on an off shears basis and
based on export shipping standards
Average
liveweight
28
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
70
80
Space allowance
per animal
.261
.265
.278
.290
.303
.315
.338
.360
.429
.502
The number of animals per pen is derived by dividing the space allowance per animal into
the pen size. (example: pen size 15m2/.290 = stocking density of 51 x 40kg animals). For
sheep carrying more than 25mm of wool additional pen space per animal must be allocated.
These guidelines must be read with consideration of the history of the animal off water and
feed, climatic conditions at time of sale, physical condition of the animals etc.
3.76.
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Persons responsible for penning livestock should take appropriate steps to manage any
aggressive or unfamiliar animals in saleyard holding facilities to avoid any injury that may
be caused to livestock.
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3.77.
There should be procedures in place to manage livestock during weather extremes. This
may include placing livestock under cover, providing means of cooling ie water sprays etc
or other activities as deemed necessary within practical commercial limits.
3.78.
Care is taken when manually washing livestock with hand-held high-pressure hoses to avoid
sensitive areas of the animals and to minimise cold stress.
National Livestock Identification System (NLIS)
OUTCOME REQUIRED
Ensure that saleyards record the necessary movements of cattle, within the legislative framework in
that state.
The saleyard operational role that is required to fulfil their responsibilities in NLIS is dependant on
legislation set out by state governments, and this can vary from state to state.
It is the prime responsibility of saleyard operators or their appointed person to ensure the reading
and then recording transfer of ownership in the NLIS database cattle transactions that occur in a
saleyard.
3.79
The list below is the web references to find out the exact requirement in each state and
territory the obligation as a saleyard operator.
Queensland
New South Wales
Victoria
Tasmania
South Australia
Western Australia
Northern Territory
http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/nlis/
http://www.agric.nsw.gov.au/reader/nlis
http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/DPI/
http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/WebPages/EGIL-52FVBD?open
http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/dhtml/ss/section.php?sectID=396
https://agric.wa.gov.au
http://www.nt.gov.au/
When vendors send cattle to a saleyard for sale and they are received into the saleyard. At this point
in time it is deemed that ‘possession is taken’. After the sale, cattle will be destined to go to
another location, be it a new property, or abattoir. It is the responsibility of the saleyard operator to
ensure the requirements of the NLIS legislation in the transfer of animals is adhered to.
In order to do so each saleyards shall need to create a (free) NLIS database account to access the
database, each saleyard will then be allocated a Saleyard ID, which is similar to a livestock
producers Property Identification Code or PIC. This number is recorded in the NLIS database
when cattle pass through the saleyards, thus facilitating the traceability of livestock movements.
The rules governing the access and responsibility for saleyard operators on the NLIS database are
included in the NLIS Terms of Use (TOU). This document is updated regularly and the most
current version can be access at www.nlis.mla.com.au
The 'NLIS – A Guide for Saleyard Operators' is a comprehensive guide for saleyards using the
NLIS and covers everything from a saleyards obligations to step by step instructions regarding the
NLIS database. The most up to date version of this guide is located on the NLIS website and can be
downloaded from the following link;
https://www.nlis.mla.com.au/General/Documents/QSG%20Saleyards%2012-5.pdf
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3.80
In summary under the NLIS TOU a Saleyard with an Account can:
3.80.1 register the movement of Devices to and from the Saleyard’s PIC;
3.80.2 replace a damaged or defective Device and register a new Device in respect of the
replaced Device where the replaced Device is registered to the Saleyard;
3.80.3 apply a Device to cattle that are not identified with a Device and record on the
Device details of the Last PIC of Residence; and register a device status to Deceased
Devices.
3.81
A Device movement cannot be entered in the Database if:
3.81.1 the Device’s number is invalid;
3.81.2 the to or from PIC is invalid;
3.81.3 the date of the movement is invalid (that is, the format is incorrect, the date does not
exist or the date is a future date);
3.81.4 the file format is incorrect; or
3.81.5 other than where the movement is to a Processor, the Device has been previously set
to deceased.
3.82
A Device with a Deceased status can be moved by a Saleyard:
3.82.1 to the PIC of the Processor that set the Device status to Deceased; or
3.82.2 from a PIC to the Saleyard if the Saleyard does so within 7 days after the Device
status is set to Deceased.
3.83
A Saleyard with an Account can access the following information contained in the
Database:
3.83.1 where specified in NLIS link appendix 14.9, the statuses set out in that appendix
provided that the access is solely for the purpose of checking the status of a Device in
respect of cattle that it intends to offer for sale or a PIC in respect of such a Device; and
3.83.2 all Devices currently registered to the Saleyard.
National Vendor Declaration
OUTCOME REQUIRED
Ensure that saleyards manage LPA NVD/Waybills properly and that the transcription of
information is correct
The role of a Saleyard Operator in information management is critical.
3.84
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Producers use the LPA NVD/Waybill to declare valuable information about the food safety
status of the livestock being sold. Buyers rely on the LPA NVD/Waybill for accurate
information on the livestock purchased and processors rely on the information to ensure
only the safest food enters the food chain.
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The inclusion of animal movement information means the document can be legally used for
declaring stock movements in those states that require travel documents (Waybill or
Travelling Stock Statement) to accompany livestock movements.
When the Saleyard Operator, manages or oversees LPA NVD/Waybills within the saleyard
on behalf of agents, the Saleyard Operator must also ensure when entering LPA
NVD/Waybill information received on livestock onto documentation (e.g. pre sale
catalogues) that transcription of this information is true and correct. This includes answers
to LPA NVD/Waybill questions, LPA NVD/Waybill serial numbers and Property
Identification Code (PIC) numbers.
The Saleyard Operator should at all time liaise with stock and station agents operating
within the saleyards regarding transcription of LPA NVD/Waybill information.
For more information regarding the LPA NVD/Waybill, including how producers obtain,
copies of the most up-to-date versions and other issues such as electronic LPA
NVD/Waybill programs, go to www.mla.com.au/lqs and click on National Vendor
Declarations.
Dead Animals
OUTCOME REQUIRED
Dead animals are disposed of in a manner that is in accordance with local health regulations
and does not allow the spread of any disease.
3.85
The saleyard operator or agent thereof will ensure that any animals are removed and buried
or where permitted, taken to a knackery. (In an area where anthrax may be present carcasses
shall not be moved by anyone until the Saleyard Manager or veterinary officer is satisfied
that anthrax is not involved in the death of the animals). Where a significant or unusual
mortality has occurred, a veterinary diagnosis will be sought. The saleyard manager should
make the decision that it is a case of significant or unusual mortality.
3.86
The saleyard operator or agent thereof will maintain a written / electronic record of dead
stock and the circumstances associated with the death. Such a record shall include the
following data:
3.86.1 category of stock e.g. cattle, bobby calves, sheep;
3.86.2 where available NLIS identification number;
3.86.3 date and time of death;
3.86.4 cause of death;
3.86.5 agent/owner and contact number;
3.86.6 whether a veterinarian was present/consulted; and
3.86.7 method of disposal.
In the circumstances of deceased animal being left at the saleyards (eg stock ramp or dump)
by an unknown party a description, brand, ear mark and if possible NLIS details are to be
noted.
3.87
Methods used to dispose of dead stock should ensure that personnel are not exposed to any
disease that may be contagious.
3.88
The methods used to dispose of dead stock should prevent the spread of undesirable plant
species.
3.89
The saleyard operator will formulate a policy as to who is responsible for the cost of
disposal of dead or dumped stock along the following lines;
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3.89.1 Dumped or dead stock shall be disposed of at the cost of the owner or his contractor,
where known.
3.89.2 However, in the event of stray dogs savaging livestock in the yard, the owner(s)
should not be held liable for disposal costs; responsibility for the costs lies firmly
with the owners of the dogs. The operator shall not be held liable for damages or
deaths due to stray dogs.
Emergency Unloading
OUTCOME REQUIRED
To ensure ongoing animal welfare by providing access to saleyards outside business hours of
operation.
3.90
Provisions should be made for the emergency unloading of livestock 24 hours per day.
Either one loading ramp and the adjacent pens shall remain unlocked or if the selling
complex is locked, a notice should be displayed at the entrance giving the after hours phone
numbers of the duty agent, his contractor or the saleyard manager. A notice should be
provided to indicate the nearest telephone.
3.91
Emergency unloading should be carried out in accordance with the relevant State/territory
Model Code of Practice for the Welfare of Animals or other national standard(s).
3.92
Trucks carrying injured stock should have priority for unloading. However, this does not
mean that the animal(s) are fit for sale.
3.93
Injured animals should be attended to without delay. If injury is judged by a veterinarian or
stock inspector or saleyard manager as minor, animals will be segregated and given suitable
treatment by the owner or owners’ agent.
Saleyard Security
OUTCOME REQUIRED
To ensure the physical security of livestock outside of normal saleyard business hours of
operation.
3.94
Security of stock within the yards should be undertaken as a responsibility of the owner or
the owners’ appointed agent.
3.95
Where stock are held in the yards on the night preceding the sale and their security is
considered to be at risk, the duty agents / contractor will be responsible for stock security.
3.96
Entry to saleyard areas outside of business hours of operation should be restricted to agents,
livestock transporters, buyers and contractors and their staff with permission from the
saleyard manager.
3.97
It is noted that a person with right of access under the relevant State/Territory legislation have,
by law, unrestricted access to the saleyard at all times.
3.98
Where possible reasonable access should be made to telephones at all times – either via a
telephone available at the yards or notice as to where a telephone is readily accessible.
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Scale Operations
OUTCOME REQUIRED
Regular authorised scale calibration checks are undertaken to ensure the accuracy of
weighing at all times.
3.99
Procedures are to be established to ensure accurate and fair operation of the scales at all
times. For live weight selling facilities, scale accuracy verification will be undertaken by
appropriate, qualified persons.
3.100 Scale accuracy shall be verified and recorded prior to the commencement of each sale using
an object of known weight.
3.101 All scale checks shall be recorded and available for inspection. If requested, a check of the
scales will be made during the sale and the time of this check recorded and who it was
requested by.
3.102 At regular intervals throughout the sale the operator should bring the scales to an
equilibrium situation and confirm a scale reading of zero. (Queensland; every two hours)
3.103 In the case of scale breakdowns, selling should cease immediately. If the malfunction
cannot be rectified, the remainder of the sale should be carried out by open auction or
private treaty, unless withdrawn by the vendor. If the malfunction is due to information
processing problems, buyers may agree to accept handwritten weighbridge dockets. In the
event of scale malfunction after the completion of selling the sale may continue if all
affected parties agree.
3.104 Weighbridge operators should receive suitable training, be adequately supervised and be
provided with a comprehensive operation manual for the use of the equipment. The phone
number for scale service person should be easily accessible from within the scale house.
4
SALEYARD OPERATORS RESPONSIBILITES
OUTCOMES REQUIRED
The Saleyard Operator carries out their responsibilities to ensure the efficient operation of the
saleyard complex, and to optimise animal welfare and human safety.
Any reference to ‘the Saleyard Operator’ incorporates the saleyard operator employee or any agent
acting on behalf of the operator.
4.1
The saleyard operator has overall responsibility for the efficient running, maintenance and
hygiene of the selling centre, as well as ensuring the safety of employees and members of
the public.
4.2
The Saleyard operator will be responsible for the cleaning of the selling centre.
4.3
The provision of an officer or nominated person to record each sale on an independent basis
is mandatory.
4.4
The Saleyard operator or the agent thereof shall ensure that a system is in place that
specifies that selling agents appoint a duty agent(s) contractor or person(s) whenever the
saleyards are in use.
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4.5
The saleyard operator shall ensure that the saleyard OH&S Manual is held at the saleyards
and the operational procedures are observed and implemented in accordance with the Act. A
saleyard register will be kept and maintained at the saleyard of all persons who have been
correctly accredited, showing contact details within the register.
Training and staff competency
4.6
Competent persons are available or on-call to conduct the designated tasks and duties within
a selling complex, including OH&S.
4.7
Personnel undergoing training or that are not yet competent or accredited will be supervised
by a competent person.
4.8
All personnel managing livestock on a daily basis should observe the animals regularly and
to be able to identify and respond to behaviours and other signs that may indicate a problem
for an animal and be able to take the appropriate action to rectify the issue. Training in
disease recognition should be undertaken.
4.9.
There is a nominated person(s) competent in humane destruction of livestock and available
as required.
National Livestock Identification System (NLIS)
OUTCOME REQUIRED
That the responsibilities of saleyard operators and stock agents in regard to NLIS
compliance are accurately met.
4.10
The various State and Territory Regulations (ref 3.79 website links) requires the ‘owner or
person in charge of a saleyard’ to provide specified information to the NLIS database. A
stock and station agent may act on behalf of the owner or person in charge of the saleyard.
4.11
NLIS (Sheep and Goats) is a flock based program that requires all sheep to have an
approved NLIS tag fitted to the ear along with necessary supporting documentation.
4.12
The person responsible for scanning cattle and transferring information on the NLIS
database is referred to as the ‘saleyard NLIS operator’.
4.13
Depending on local arrangements, the ‘saleyard NLIS operator’ in cattle and hence the
person who is lawfully responsible for scanning and data transfer might be the saleyard
owner (eg local Council), the saleyard manager (employed by the saleyard owner or leasing
agents) or one or more stock agents. The work may be delegated to salaried employees or
contracted parties, but the owner, or person in charge of the saleyard remains responsible
for ensuring the requirements of the Regulation are met.
4.14
Each saleyard should have a written agreement between the saleyard owner, manager and
stock agents that defines who is the saleyard NLIS operator for the purpose of implementing
this Code of Practice and complying with the Regulation. The saleyard NLIS operator may
vary or different functions may be assigned to different people, depending on the action
required, the nature of the sale and other local circumstances.
4.15
The saleyard NLIS operator should ensure to the best of their ability that every person
involved in scanning of cattle and data transfer is trained, supervised and competent in those
operations.
NLIS sheep is a flock based visual system that does not require scanning. It is designed to enable
traceability of the consignment from property through to slaughter.
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As a saleyard participating in NLIS can vary from state to state within the legislation, a list of web
references to find out the exact requirement in each state and the obligation as a saleyard operator
and user go to page 22 item 3.79.
5.
VENDORS RESPONSIBILITES
Preparation and Presentation of Livestock for Sale
5.1
All animals to be offered for sale should be accompanied by a correctly completed National
Vendor Declaration signed by the vendor or on behalf of the vendor by the manager of the
animals and the transporter.
5.2
5.3
Only scourable branding fluids should be used in the paint branding of animals.
The responsibility of a vendor is to produce livestock and their companion animals at
auction that: 5.3.1 Pass Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS) and other regulatory
authority requirements and inspections at the time of slaughter and boning.
5.3.2 Carry an NLIS device and
5.3.3 Any information declared by the vendor, or provided in an NVD, must be accurate
ensuring the animals are fit for the purpose declared.
5.3.4 All information provided in a NVD must be true, complete and correct.
NLIS Responsibilities
5.4
All animals must be identified by having a NLIS device fitted before leaving the property
with an approved permanent identifier in accordance with the NLIS Code of Practice and
where appropriate a tag identifying the animals’ EU status. It is an offence to send or deliver
livestock to a saleyard unless they are properly identified.
5.5
If the livestock have been previously identified with transaction ear tags and/or NLIS
devices, the producer/vendor must visually check that all tags/devices are still present and
replace any that are lost. This does not obligate the producer/vendor to scan their cattle or
ensure that every NLIS device can be read electronically. If the producer/vendor chooses to
scan their cattle, then any non-reading devices shall be replaced at the vendors expense.
Arrival Time
5.6
All animals destined for sale should, wherever practical, arrive at the saleyard before the
procedural cut-off time.
5.7
Any livestock arriving after the procedural cut-off time should be sold at the end of the
subject agent’s sale of all curfewed animals. If the agent concerned has completed his/her
sale then (subject to local rules) the livestock should then be offered at the end of sale.
Owner’s Risk
NOTE: “the owner” in the context of this clause is the owner of the livestock at the point of
sale (by any sale method). Owners risk will be as stipulated within the Terms and Condition
of sale.
It is the responsibility of the livestock agent to ensure that all proponents operate within the
Terms & Conditions of Sale and that they are established prior to the commencement of a
sale and that these Terms and Condition of sale is a correct, legal document operating
within the appropriate jurisdiction of the law.
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The recommended Terms and Conditions of Sale for the different states can be found on the
Australian Livestock and Property Agents Association Ltd (ALPA) refer to page 30, item
6.14.
6
LIVESTOCK AGENTS RESPONSIBILITIES
Livestock agents operating within a saleyards shall exercise a duty of care, upholding this Code of
Practice in the selling of livestock.
Animal Welfare
6.1
It must be noted that it is the agent’s responsibility to ensure that the individual
state/territory provisions under animal welfare legislation relating to the provision of food
and water are observed.
6.2
Livestock agents must comply with the Animal Welfare section stipulated within this
document.
NLIS and LPA NVD in saleyards
6.3
Livestock agents are to assist in and uphold the operational requirements of NVD’s and also
NLIS as stipulated within this Code of Practice.
Duty Agents
6.3
The duty agent specified by the operator or the agent thereof is responsible for;
6.3.1 ensuring access to the saleyards in the case of an emergency unloading;
6.3.2 booking in livestock;
6.3.3 notice board information; and
6.3.4 that animal welfare procedures are complied with in the handling of livestock.
6.4
Saleyard Security
6.4.1 It is recommended that where stock are held in the yards on the night preceding the
sale and their security is considered to be at risk, the agents should engage a security
employee to guard the complex.
6.4.2 Entrance to the saleyard areas outside business hours of operation will be restricted
to agents, livestock transporters, contractors and their respective staff with
permission from the manager, as necessary, and persons with legislative right of
access.
6.5
Auctioneers walkways should only to be used by auctioneers, key saleyard staff and persons
with legislative right of access while the sale is in progress and shall have signage
accordingly.
Information Transfer
6.6
It is strongly recommended that agents correctly transfer all relevant information regarding
the livestock to the buyers, both pre and post sale.
6.7
Where time permits, an agent should present clients’ livestock by providing an accurate
description (where known) giving details of origin, nutrition, breeding etc and all relevant
information from the NVD.
6.8
Agents are responsible for conducting the selling process and booking for each sale.
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6.9
Agents are responsible for the clerical process of accounting to:
6.9.1 the buyer;
6.9.2 the vendor; and
6.9.3 local authorities functional costs.
Arrival Time
6.10 All animals destined for sale should, wherever practical be encourage by the relevant agent
to arrive at the saleyard before the procedural cut-off time.
Preparation and Presentation of Stock for Sale
6.11 It is the agents’ responsibility to refuse to sell any livestock including animals in the late
stages of pregnancy, diseased, injured or suspect animals at the selling centre.
6.12
The drafting, lotting and penning of clients’ animals prior to sale is carried out to minimise
potential stress and injury.
6.13
The determining of a yard density for his/her clients stock, shall allow stock movement and
in cattle access to water within the pen in accordance with good animal welfare while
enabling the buyer to assess the animals.
Terms and Conditions of Sale
6.14 It is the responsibility of the livestock agent to ensure that all proponents operate within the
Terms & Conditions of Sale that are established prior to the commencement of a sale. That
the Terms and Condition of sale is a correct, legal document operating within the
appropriate jurisdiction.
The recommended Terms and Conditions of Sale for the different states can be found on the
Australian Livestock and Property Agents Association Ltd (ALPA) website at;
http://www.alpa.net.au/ViewDocuments/Default.aspx then pick the state required.
Failure of agents to comply with these conditions and responsibilities will not jeopardise the
saleyard. However, the saleyard manager should advise the agents of their responsibilities, and
secondly to advise the Australian Livestock and Property Agents Association Ltd and the state
saleyard operators Association.
Australian Livestock and Property Agents Association Ltd
Level 6, 2 Barrack Street
SYDNEY NSW 2000
Phone: 02 9262 6633
Fax: 02 9262 6422
Email: admin@alpa net.au
7
BUYERS RESPONSIBILITIES
7.1
Livestock buyers should comply with the animal welfare requirements that are applicable to
saleyard with their purchases.
7.2
All stock purchased, shall be in accordance with the Terms and Condition of sale as
declared at the saleyard.
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7.2
Feed costs will be debited to the owner of the animals at the time of feeding (unless an
alternative local system exists which protects the welfare of the animals, for example
impounding).
Livestock Security
7.3
The saleyard operator has a responsibility to ensure the welfare of the stock while in the
selling complex. The buyer should notify the operator if it is likely that the stock will
remain in the saleyard for a period exceeding 24 hours.
7.4
The buyer shall comply with the NLIS Code of Practice after delivery at the saleyard has
been given.
7.5
Where animals are purchased for human consumption and a buyer fails to comply with
these conditions it will not jeopardise the operator of the saleyard however, the saleyard
manager will have the responsibility to firstly advise the buyer of his responsibilities and
secondly to advise the Australian Meat Industry Council and state saleyard operators
Association if further problems occur.
Australian Meat Industry Council
PO Box 1208
Crows Nest NSW 1585
Phone: 02 90862200
Fax: 02 9086 2201
Email: admin@amic.org.ay
8.
EMERGENCY DISEASE
Response Plan
OUTCOME REQUIRED
Generic coordinated emergency response management plan for the control of an exotic or
emergency disease within a saleyards complex
8.1
The Response Plan is aimed at setting out procedures that will be followed in the event of
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) or other exotic disease is either detected in or near the
Saleyard Complex. It may also be activated for other animal diseases where approved by the
CVO.
8.2
The Response Plan will be read in conjunction with the Local Disaster Plan and the State
Animal Health Emergency Plan, which is a supporting plan to the State Disaster Plan.
8.3 The operation and management of such an emergency plan shall be in accordance with
Appendix two (2). A demonstration response plan can be found at Appendix:4
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GUIDE REFERENCE LIST
1)
Australian Model Code of Practice for the Welfare of Animals, Land Transport of
Cattle. Draft 5, December 1998. Standing Committee on Agriculture and Resources
Management, Animal Health Committee, Sub-committee on Animal Welfare.
2)
Australian Standard AS: 1418.2:1997 – “Cranes (including hoists and winches) Part 2
Serial hoists and winches”.
3)
Australian Standard AS: 1657:1992 – “Fixed Platforms, Walkways, Stairways and
Ladders – Design, Construction and Installation”.
4)
Environmental Protection Manual for Authorised Officers, 1995. Dead Stock Disposal,
Environmental Protection Authority, Australia.
5)
Health Act, 1958.
6)
Meat Industry Act 1978, amended 1998.
7)
Model Code of Practice for the Welfare of Animals, The Cattle. Standing Committee on
Agriculture, Animal Health Committee. CSIRO, Australia.
8)
National Standard for Manual Handling 1990.
9)
Saleyards Occupational Health and Safety Manual.
10)
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1979, amended 1997.
11)
Stock Diseases Act, amended 1992.
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APPENDIX 1
POST MORTEM OBSERVATIONS AND CONDEMNATION
(Table adapted from: Appendix D – Australian Standard for Hygienic Production of Meat for Human
Consumption (2nd Edition))
Primary
Observation
Abscess
Secondary
Observatio
n
Soft Plus
Multiple
Abscesses
Soft Plus
Granuloma
Systemic
involvement
including
loss of
condition
Mild
Abnormal
Odour
Tertiary
Observation
Systemic
involvement,
fever, swollen
lymph nodes
Minimal systemic
reaction
Principal
Disease
Bacteraemia
Septicaemia
Meliodosis
Necrobacillosis
Necrobacillosis
Staphylococcis
Tuberculosis
Actinomycosis
Actinobacillosis
No systemic
change
Chemical
Abnormal
Odour
Mild
No systemic
change
Metabolic Plant
Chemical
Arthritis
Multiple
joints
Systemic
involvement
Swine erysipela
Necrobacillosis
Congested
Blood Vessels
Diamond Skin
Systemic
change
Systemic
involvement
Systemic
changes
Systemic
involvement
Evidence of fever
Pneumonia
Salmonella
Swine erysipelas
Systemic
change
Systemic
change
Fever evident
Staphylococcis
Brucellosis
Necrobacillosis
Bacteraemia
Flystrike
With or without
peritonitis
Salmonellosis
Bacteraemia
Emaciation
Fistula
Flystrike
Gastrointestinal tract
inflammation
Grass Seed
Jaundice
Systemic
involvement
Systemic
involvement
Lymphadeniti
s
Systemic
change
Measle
Myositis
Myositis
Extensive
Myositis
Systemic
involvement
Extensive
Myositis
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Bacteraemia
Grass Seed
Kidneys affected
Systemic
involvement
No systemic
involvement
Regional
involvement
Systemic
involvement
Leptospirosis
Salmonellosis
Meliodosis
Necrobacillosis
Bacteraemia
Beef Measle
Metabolic
disease
Sarcosporidosis
Beef measle
Black Leg
Trauma
Beef measle
S. dentatus
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Disposition
Condemn carcase and parts for
human consumption or animal
food
NonConforma
nce*
Critical
Condemn carcase and parts for
human consumption or animal
food
Condemn carcase and parts for
human consumption or animal
food
Critical
If possibly harmful when
consumed condemn as unfit for
human consumption or animal
food.
If possibly harmful when
consumed condemn as unfit for
human consumption or animal
food.
Condemn carcase as unfit for
human consumption or animal
food
Condemn as unfit for human
consumption or animal food
Condemn as unfit for human
consumption or animal food
Condemn as unfit for human
consumption or animal food
Condemn carcase and parts as
unfit for human consumption or
animal food
Critical
Condemn as unfit for human
consumption or animal food
Condemn carcase and parts as
unfit for human consumption or
animal food
Condemn as unfit for human
consumption or animal food
Condemn carcase and parts as
unfit for human consumption or
animal food
Condemn as unfit for human
consumption or animal food
Critical
Condemn as unfit for human
consumption or animal food
Condemn as unfit for human
consumption or animal food
Critical
Condemn as unfit for human
consumption or animal food
Condemn as unfit for human
consumption or animal food
Critical
Critical
Critical
Critical
Critical
Critical
Critical
Critical
Critical
Major
Critical
Critical
Critical
Critical
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Neoplasm
Extensive
Systemic
involvement
Oedema
Extensive
systemic
involvement
Systemic
change
Loss of condition
Pleural and/or
Peritoneal
adhesions
Pneumonia
Systemic
change
Cancer eye
Neurofibroma
Melanoma
Various
Bacteraemia
Condemn as unfit for human
consumption or animal food
Critical
Condemn as unfit for human
consumption or animal food
Critical
Salmonellosis
E. coli
Bacteraemia
Pneumonia
Salmonellosis
Bacteraemia
Condemn as unfit for human
consumption or animal food
Critical
Condemn as unfit for human
consumption or animal food
Critical
* Failure to comply with disposition
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APPENDIX 2
EMERGENCY DISEASE RESPONSE
GUIDELINES FOR SALEYARDS
(Animal Health Australia 2003)
INTRODUCTION
These guidelines are for the information of all people associated with the operation of
saleyards in the event of an incursion of an exotic/infectious (emergency) disease.
Under these circumstances, AUSVETPLAN becomes the operating document for the period
of the outbreak. For further information please consult the AUSVETPLAN Saleyards and
Transport Manual at http://www.aahc.com.au/ausvetplan/salfinal.pdf.
The National and State/Territory Response Plan should be read in conjunction with the Local
Disaster Plan and the State/Territory Animal Health Emergency Plan, which is a supporting
plan to the State Disaster Plan.
OBJECTIVES
1. To prevent the introduction of infectious diseases to livestock.
2. To prevent the spread of disease from an infected area to an uninfected area.
The main infectious outputs from saleyards are livestock and their excretions such as manure
and urine, contaminated livestock transport, people and clothing. Saleyards are a high risk
enterprise because infected livestock passing through may rapidly disseminate the disease to a
large number of properties over a wide geographical area. The main means of spread are
through:





direct contact between infected and susceptible stock in the saleyard;
transports carrying infected livestock;
people who have had contact with infected stock;
other vehicles, people, effluent and insects (in some cases); and
windborne spread under some circumstances.
The challenge when confronted with a suspected disease outbreak will be to prioritise
investigation and control activities, particularly as initial information and resources are likely
to be limited. The three basic tools of disease control are:
 quarantine (movement control);
 destruction and disposal of affected/at risk stock; and
 disinfection of contaminated areas and things.
In serious disease incidences such as with Foot and mouth disease (FMD), a national stock
standstill may be implemented for a period of 72 hours which may impact on the operations
of saleyards.
Major diseases of concern to the cattle industry are:







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




Foot and Mouth Disease
BSE
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
Lumpy Skin Disease
Jembrana Disease
Anthrax
and others
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Screw Worm Fly
Rinderpest
Vesicular Stomatitis
Brucella Abortus
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If you are suspicious of emergency disease:



ring and report it immediately
do not leave messages
you must speak to a government veterinarian at one of the following contact points
1
Your local District Veterinary Officer:
phone number___________
2
Your Regional Veterinary Laboratory:
phone number___________
3
State/Territory Chief Veterinary Officer:
phone number___________
4
24-hour Disease Watch Hotline (freecall)
phone number 1800 675 888
(mobile phones Australia-wide will connect with NSW Agriculture)
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APPENDIX 3
BIOSECURITY GUIDELINES FOR SALEYARDS
(Animal Health Australia, 2003)
INTRODUCTION
In a broad sense, biosecurity is a set of measures designed to protect a population from
transmissible infectious agents at a national, regional and individual farm level. At the
saleyard level it involves the systematic approach of saleyard managers on an industry wide
basis in providing protection against the entry and spread of diseases. Poor biosecurity within
an industry will contribute to the likelihood of the occurrence and severity of disease outbreak
and may burden both governments and industries with unnecessary costs.
Biosecurity is therefore about managing risk to prevent the introduction of diseases to an
enterprise and to prevent the spread of diseases between farms or to a disease-free area.
Saleyard operators practising preventive biosecurity measures will be implementing
emergency disease preparedness. The application of preventive biosecurity measures will also
limit the impact of endemic diseases so their application makes sense from economic, social
and animal welfare perspectives.
The ability of an industry to withstand an outbreak of an emergency animal disease and the
sum total cost of its control will be influenced by each individual saleyard’s biosecurity plan
and its effective operation.
The Government and Livestock Industries’ Cost Sharing Deed for Emergency Animal
Disease Response (known as the Cost Sharing Agreement) includes an obligation from
industry to develop a program that minimises the risk of disease introduction and spread.
Biosecurity is like any other insurance policy and as such it is a prudent investment.
RISK REDUCTION
These guidelines are for the information of all people associated with the operation of
saleyards and adhering to them and the Code of Practice will reduce the risk of and impact of
a serious disease.
Saleyard operators should improve awareness of emergency disease signs, whom to contact if
necessary and enhance their knowledge of impact of an emergency disease on the operation
of their business. The following issues should be taken into consideration to reduce the risk of
an emergency disease incident:
1 General
Saleyard location, construction, water supply, cleaning, maintenance and effluent disposal
should all be taken into consideration when reducing the risk of an emergency disease
incident. The frequency of sales, use of premises for transit stock and other purposes should
also be considered.
2 Stockfeed
Do not feed any meat and bone meal or any other banned products to stock and ensure that
there is no contamination of stockfeed by livestock. Endeavour to source stockfeed from
manufacturers who operate under a quality assurance program that has a biosecurity
component and when feasible, source stockfeed locally.
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3 Pest control
Good drainage and appropriate effluent disposal need to be considered in relation to insect
control. Rodent control should also be addressed, for example, by keeping food in rodentproof containers.
4..Transport
Access for livestock vehicles and other vehicles. Human access to saleyards and general
ability to secure premises if required. Ensure that vehicles and personal hygiene are in good
order to minimise risk of spreading disease.
5 Carcase disposal
Report cases of unusual sickness or death to a vet or a government officer and ensure that
there is a secure system for carcass disposal, which does not risk spreading disease. A post
mortem site away from animal activity should be selected for the disposal of dead stock.
6 Internal quarantine
Internal quarantine facilities should be planned in advance in accordance with the perceived
risks. The main purpose of an internal quarantine area will be to isolate sick animals or groups
containing sick livestock. Unnecessary mixing of animal groups and adding introduction to
other pens should be avoided. Internal quarantine areas should:
 have no direct contact with other animals, equipment and vehicles;
 if possible allow sick stock to be separated, based on overseas experience, by 50-200
meters from other livestock;
 not be exposed to effluent or run-off from other parts of the premises;
 have facilities arranged so that animals can be handled and fed last; and
be handled by dedicated staff, or have staff undertake a decontamination procedure before
handling other stock.
7 Veterinary/animal health services and training of staff
Veterinary/animal health services to the saleyards should be planned with a view to
emergency disease preparedness. The staff and veterinarian/stock inspector should be trained
in disease prevention, identification and control procedures.
8 Record keeping
Proper routine recording of the movement of animals, feed ingredients, equipment and the
like, may be of invaluable use in investigating a suspected disease incursion. Prepare and
maintain a map of saleyards and surrounds, indicating entry/exit points for livestock people
and drainage systems.
9 Water supply
In the event of decontamination of vehicles and equipment being necessary, extra water may
be required for the purpose. A supply of water adequate only for normal operations of the
saleyards is not sufficient.
10 Who to Contact
Contact a veterinarian or government officer immediately is unusual sickness or unexplained
death occurs, especially if it something you have not seen before.
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APPENDIX 3A
GUIDELINES TO MANAGING BOVINE JOHNE’S DISEASE
(BJD) IN SALEYARDS
OUTCOME REQUIRED
Management of livestock at saleyards is conducted to ensure that the risk of spread of
bovine Johne’s disease (BJD) is minimised.
INTRODUCTION
The relevant features of bovine Johne’s Disease (BJD) and the causative bacteria,
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis include:













JD occurs in cattle in south-eastern Australia
most of the infected herds are not officially known to be infected but have a
non-assessed status and are free to move cattle to sale
within their zone
dairy and dairy-cross cattle present the highest risk of being infected
the infection is uncommon in pure beef cattle
infected cattle are usually older than 2 years of age before they start to excrete
bacteria
cattle with advanced infection are particularly potent sources of bacteria
cattle are most susceptible to becoming infected as calves
calves are inquisitive and often lick and suck surfaces and materials
cattle over about a year of age are relatively resistant to infection
the bacteria can survive for months in the environment
survival of M paratuberculosis in the environment is affected by high
temperatures and sunlight, so shade and cool conditions favour survival.
M paratuberculosis dies off more quickly in material containing urine and
ammonia.
RISK FACTORS IN SALEYARDS
Hosing can remove the vast majority of faeces, and therefore M paratuberculosis,
from a hard surface. Drying and exposure to sunlight should reduce contamination
further. The survival of M paratuberculosis may also be reduced by lime, so concrete
surfaces may have a similar effect.
Once a shaded, soft-floored pen environment is contaminated M paratuberculosis,
bacteria are likely to survive for considerable periods compared to an outside pen that
can be hosed out and is exposed to the sun. (It is worth noting that, although
contamination is likely to be higher in cattle barns housing infected cows in Europe
and North America than in Australia, calves in such environments are easily
infected.)
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Although shading of the sale pens would favour survival of M paratuberculosis,
ammonia from urine and heat generated by the decay of organic material on the
floor may help kill it and reduce contamination.
If the roof keeps the floor relatively dry, without being dusty, the bacteria may not be
as easily transmitted as on a wet and boggy surface.
RISK REDUCTION
The key point to managing the risk of spreading BJD among cattle at a saleyard is not
putting calves under 12 months (excluding vealers going direct to slaughter) in pens
that are contaminated with adult faecal material. This includes faecal material spread
mechanically, by equipment and boots.
Given the points above, the risk of spreading BJD at saleyards should be reduced by:








having dedicated pens for calves up to 1 month of age
having dedicated pens or pens that are cleaned out and, where appropriate,
covered with new material before use for calves from 1 to 12 months of age
cleaning up calf pens after each sale
walking calves quickly along laneways contaminated by adult cattle.
avoiding moving calves along laneways contaminated with faeces by high-risk
cattle mentioned in the following dot point,
having dedicated pens that are used for
o
aged culls
o abnormally thin cows and bulls (taking into consideration drought etc),
and
o adult dairy cattle
cleaning up any areas of gross faecal contamination after each sale
preventing drainage of faecal material or pen washings from adult pens into
calf pens.
Breeding cattle are the main ones that spread BJD and risk management should be
tightened for any breeder sales that are held at the selling centre.
The Australian Johne’s Disease Market Assurance Program for Cattle (CattleMAP)
includes additional guidelines to protecting MAP status at sales and exhibitions.
NSW REQUIREMENTS FOR BJD IN SALEYARDS
Specific requirements for managing BJD in NSW saleyards have been introduced to
support the introduction of risk-based trading for BJD in cattle from dairy holdings*.
1. NSW Rules
1.1 Beef Cattle
Cattle from BJD-infected beef herds may only be sold through approved slaughteronly saleyards.
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1.2 Dairy Cattle
The following rules apply to cattle from dairy holdings* consigned for sale at a
saleyard (apart from those cattle consigned to a slaughter-only sale):
 The Dairy BJD Assurance Score Declaration Form (or a copy) must be made
available to prospective purchasers prior to the sale of the cattle.
 The Dairy BJD Assurance Score of the cattle must be visible to the public at
the time of the sale. The method of display is at the discretion of the agent but
should include the words ‘Dairy BJD Assurance Score’ and the relevant Dairy
BJD Assurance Score number for the cattle being sold.
 The Dairy BJD Assurance Score of the cattle must be announced by the
auctioneer immediately prior to the sale of those cattle. Cattle from dairy
holdings which are not accompanied by a completed Dairy BJD Assurance
Score Declaration Form are to be allocated an ‘unknown’ Dairy BJD
Assurance Score and, prior to their sale, the auctioneer must announce that the
cattle are from of a dairy holding of unknown status and purchasers buy at
their own risk.
 The Dairy BJD Assurance Score Declaration Form (or a copy) must be
provided to the purchasers within 14 days of the sale of the cattle.
2. Saleyard BJD Plan
It is recommended that saleyard managers develop a Saleyard BJD Plan in
consultation with the agents using the saleyard and the District Veterinarian (DV) at
their local Rural Lands Protection Board. The Saleyard BJD Plan should take into
account the risk factors in saleyards outlined above.
It is recommended that the Saleyard BJD Plan includes the requirement
that cattle from dairy holdings with a Dairy BJD Assurance Score of less
than 7 are kept in pens separate from any other cattle.
3. Slaughter-only sales
Cattle from BJD-infected beef herds may only be sold through a saleyard
that is approved for slaughter-only sales. Cattle from dairy holdings that
are consigned direct to a slaughter-only sale are exempt from the dairy
cattle rules outlined above.
Saleyard managers may apply to have all or part of a saleyard declared a
slaughter-only sale for BJD. A slaughter-only sale may be a specific sale, a
regular sale or specific pens at a sale.
If only a part of a sale is slaughter-only the slaughter-only section should
be separated from the rest of the yarding by at least one empty pen or
laneway.
The saleyard manager should negotiate with the DV and the stock agents
who use the saleyard to develop a practical plan that manages the
likelihood of transmission of BJD to other cattle at the saleyard from
animals passing through the slaughter-only sale. The application will be
submitted to NSW DPI for assessment and approval.
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Once the conditions of a slaughter-only sale have been approved an
Undertaking outlining these conditions will be prepared by the DV and
signed by the saleyard manager.
Cattle consigned to BJD slaughter-only sales may only move from the sale
to an abattoir, an approved feedlot or back to the property of origin. Where
the cattle are being moved back to the property of origin a permit under the
Stock Diseases Act is required.
*Dairy holding:
(a)
a holding, or part of a holding, on which a milking herd is grazed or kept, or
(b)
a holding, or part of a holding, which has the same Property Identification Code (PIC) and/or is
under the same ownership or control as a holding described in paragraph (a) above, and which
is used to graze or keep cattle that:
(i)
are part of the milking herd, or
(ii)
are the progeny of the milking herd, or
(iii)
are cattle (including beef breed cattle and dairy/beef cross breed cattle that are grazed
or kept for beef production) that have grazed or have been kept on the same land as
the milking herd; or
(c)
a holding, or part of a holding, on which cattle which will be used in a milking herd are raised
for the owner of that milking herd, or
(d)
a holding, or part of a holding, on which dairy breed cattle are bred and/or raised for sale or
supply to a milking herd.
-
Appendix 4
Sample;
DUBBO LOCAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
RESPONSE PLAN TO AN ANIMAL HEALTH EMERGENCY
IN THE DUBBO SALEYARD AND ABATTOIR COMPLEX
1.
INTRODUCTION
The Dubbo Saleyards is one of the biggest sheep and cattle selling centres in
Australia.
A privately owned abattoir (Fletcher International) is in close proximity to the
saleyard and is one of the biggest sheep abattoirs in Australia. Adjacent to both is a
smaller pet meat processing facility (Murrumbar Meats).
At any one time up to 5000 cattle and 35000 sheep could be within the confines of the
saleyard/abattoir. This plan identifies actions that will be taken and resources that will
be needed if Foot and Mouth Disease or any other exotic disease is detected at the
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saleyard, in particular and most likely in conjunction with the abattoir(s). The
saleyard and abattoir will be referred to as “The Complex” with regard to this plan.
The Complex has been identified as a hazard under the Dubbo Local Disaster Plan.
The Response Plan is aimed at setting out procedures that will be followed if exotic
disease is detected in The Complex. It may also be activated for other emergency
animal diseases where approved by the state and national Chief Veterinary Officer
(CVO).
The Response Plan should be read in conjunction with the Dubbo Local Disaster Plan
and the State Animal Health Emergency Plan which is a supporting plan to the State
Disaster Plan.
The Plan should also be read in conjunction with the Australian Veterinary
Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN) and in particular the Operational Documents on
Destruction of Animals, Decontamination, Disposal Procedures, Public Relations,
Valuation and Compensation, Enterprise Manual on Saleyards and Transport,
Enterprise Manual on Meat Processing and Disease Strategy - FMD. Local Disease
Control Centre (LDCC) Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) can be obtained from
NSW Agriculture Senior Field Veterinary Officer at Dubbo.
The Plan will be activated in situations where FMD is diagnosed in The Complex or it
is classed as an infected premise or a dangerous contact property by the CVO.
1.1
Responsibilities
For normal operational activities, authority in the complex rests with the respective
managers of the saleyards and abattoirs.
The state DPI’s have the role of combat agent for animal health emergencies under
the State Disaster Plan (Displan).
In NSW the Rural Lands Protection Boards (RLPB) are signatories as participating
organisations under the Displan arrangements, accordingly RLPB Staff in this
situation will operate under the control of the CVO and may conduct any or all
functions described herein, as deemed appropriate by the CVO or his delegate.
Overall authority for animal health emergency related activities in The Complex rests
with the CVO of NSW or his delegate.
Once the Operational Phase has commenced authority for Local Disease Control rests
with the LDCC Controller who will usually need to work closely with the Local
Emergency Operations Controller (LEOCON) and District Emergency Operations
Controller (DEOCON) to obtain supporting resources. In the Alert Phase NSW
Agriculture will liase directly with the LEOCON/DEOCON to obtain supporting
resources, liaison will be through the Senior Field Veterinary Officer (SFVO).
An outbreak of FMD in The Complex will have a deleterious effect on the Dubbo
community. Some people will be put out of work and some businesses will lose a lot
of income. Every effort will be made to utilise these people and businesses in the
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eradication campaign provided that they have the necessary skills to undertake the
tasks given to them.
2.
RESPONSES
There are five basic phases to the response. These are the Investigation Phase, the
Alert Phase, The Operation Phase, the Stand Down Phase and the Recovery Phase.
The Recovery Phase will commence when The Plan is activated and continue through
all other phases and will usually cease well after the Stand Down Phase is completed
when the community has returned to normal activity and is no longer affected by the
outbreak.
4
2.1
Investigation Phase
This phase commences when there is any report of an animal disease which on
investigation by Rural Lands Protection Board staff or other animal health authorities
could have a reasonable probability of being an exotic animal disease.
2.1.1 Diagnosis of Disease
A field veterinary officer (FVO) will categorise the event on the basis of the
probability that FMD is involved.
A Category One event is where FMD is readily excluded on the basis of a preliminary
examination. The saleyard operations will continue as normal.
A Category Two event is where FMD can not be excluded by preliminary
investigation. The FVO may need a second opinion but not wish to initiate a fullblown alert. The FVO will consult colleagues or a diagnostic team and discuss the
situation with the saleyard and abattoir managers. The FVO and saleyard and abattoir
managers will agree on adequate precautions to be put in place such as informally
stopping movements off the premises until the results of the second opinion are
obtained.
The saleyard and abattoir managers shall ensure that all present in The Complex are
aware that a Category Two event is in place and ask all people to co-operate but the
sale will be allowed to progress.
A Category Three event is where FMD is considered to be a moderate to high
possibility, being as likely or more likely than known endemic causes. At this point
the incident will move into an Alert Phase.
Note: Reasonable probability will require a veterinary judgement and will be
influenced by things such as when the disease is first reported in relation to the actual
sale and whether this is an extension of an outbreak already in the country. The
following procedures apply when the investigation is considered a Category Three
event when FMD is a moderate to high possibility, being as likely or more likely than
known endemic causes.
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2.2
Alert Phase
The Alert Phase will commence when the CVO says so and will be communicated to
the LEOCON/DEOCON.
This notification will trigger the establishment of a Local Disease Control Centre
(LDCC) according to the NSW Agriculture SOP.
In line with SOPs, the preferred LDCC site will be at the Dubbo Showground
Exhibition Centre, and will potentially include the associated structures and facilities
within the showground precinct.
It is preferable that the Dubbo EOC in Depot Rd not be compromised by an operation
of this magnitude, given the on going concurrent need for emergency response
capacity by existing agencies in the Dubbo City area
2.2.1
Diagnosis of Disease
The CVO on receiving advice that there is a possibility of FMD being present in stock
in The Complex will direct a diagnostic team to closely examine the animals.
The CVO will appoint a Senior Regulatory Officer to coordinate the initial response
to the emergency.
The Diagnostic Team should arrive at The Complex within two hours of the CVO
being notified.
The Diagnostic Team with the assistance of the Senior Regulatory Officer will
investigate the circumstances surrounding the animals being in The Complex and
forward a report to the CVO
The DiagnosticTeam will complete the collection of specimens and will ensure these
are despatched by charter aircraft to the Australian Animal Health Laboratory
(AAHL) at Geelong. An initial positive laboratory diagnosis should be obtained in 24
hours, a definitive diagnosis may take up to three days for FMD or five days for other
diseases.
2.2.2
Movement Controls
The Senior Regulatory Officer will impose quarantine and direct that the sale be
stopped until the examinations have been completed. Any sales of stock that have
occurred up to this time will stand.
The first response priority is to minimise the spread of disease within and beyond The
Complex.
The Senior Regulatory Officer will provide advice to the State Disease Control Head
Quarters (SDCHQ) on possible boundaries to Restricted and Control Areas around
The Complex.
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The Managers of the saleyard and abattoir will provide, as soon as possible, a map of
The Complex to assist in the decision making process. ( LEMO to assist through
Dubbo City Council resources)
The Senior Regulatory Officer will direct that affected animals will be removed from
the pens in The Complex to a crush at the back of The Complex. Every endeavour
should be made to ensure that there is at least a 100 metre buffer between these
animals and other animals present in The Complex.
No other animals should be moved out of their pens. The movement of the cattle
should be done with as few people as possible so that contact between people and
affected animals is minimised.
As a result of this quarantine no animals, people, vehicles or things may enter or leave
The Complex without approval of the Senior Regulatory Officer.
The saleyard and abattoir managers will dispatch an employee to padlock or block all
exits as per the map in Appendix A.
People will not be permitted leave the premises until appropriately disinfected.
A priority list of people who can leave The Complex after disinfection will be
prepared by the Senior Regulatory Officer so that the number of people unnecessarily
caught by the quarantine restriction will be minimised.
People will not be allowed to remove animals susceptible to the disease and/or in
close contact with susceptible animals or animal products, feed and bedding, or
effluent under any circumstances unless permitted the Senior Regulatory Officer.
People and vehicles will most likely be allowed to leave following disinfection.
Dogs may also be allowed to leave following disinfection or if considered to be high
risk may be released to a secure area where they will not come into contact with
susceptible animals.
Police will be responsible for ensuring control on movements are maintained. They
may ask for assistance from the supporting agencies such as State Emergency Service
and Volunteer Rescue Association volunteers. If volunteers are not available then
security contractors will be hired.
In general any people that are hired must not live on a farm. That is they must not
come into contact with susceptible animals as part of their day to day activities.
As well as having the gates staffed there will also be roving patrols around the
boundary of The Complex.
All vehicles wishing to enter The Complex will be asked to remain outside until
permitted the Senior Regulatory Officer to enter the site.
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Where the suspect case is found in stock in the saleyard the saleyard manager will coordinate an agents working group in the managers office which will collect records of
animals that are present in the saleyard as well as preliminary tracing information on
movements from the saleyard. The information should include the origin and owner
of all stock in the saleyard.
If the suspect case is found in stock in the abattoir the abattoir manager with the
assistance of agents will provide the same information.
Abattoir management will provide records of animals in the abattoir on request.
If the CVO is satisfied that there is no evidence of FMD present then all restrictions
will be removed and the sale can recommence. However, depending on the time of
day a decision may have to be made by saleyard management on whether the sale
should be cancelled or allowed to continue or continue to run the following day.
The Local Disease Control Centre Standing Operating Procedures have been
developed on movement control. These SOPs indicate the types of resources that are
needed at this stage of the operation. Resources include the following:
People for maintaining security (50)
Padlocks (12)
Barriers (12)
Exclusion tape (100 metres)
Fodder and water for impounded stock
2.2.3 Public Relations
All people present at The Complex should be informed of events and their
cooperation sought. It must be stressed that they should not leave The Complex until
they are permitted to do so.
As a rule the media must be fully aware that an unconfirmed report of FMD will be
interpreted as a confirmed report. All present should be advised to make no
statements to the media and all media enquiries are to be transferred to the
Department of Agriculture's Senior Public Relations Officer.
The Senior Regulatory Officer may read out a statement prepared by the CVO and the
Senior Public Relations Officer of NSW Agriculture informing everyone present of
the situation.
This statement will form the basis of a media release developed by the Senior Public
Relations Officer for immediate release through the main media outlets, especially
within the Dubbo area.
The timing of the release of the initial media statement will be discussed with national
authorities as it may cause adverse reporting and international actions if the situation
arises that the stock are not infected with an exotic disease.
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2.2.4 Decontamination Procedures
The degree to which people are decontaminated before leaving The Complex will be
based on occupation and will take into account the interaction of people with
livestock. In most situations people will be divided into the following categories:
High Risk People (Agents, Livestock Handlers, Farmers, Stock Buyers and
Livestock Carriers) – these people should be showered off the site with a change of
clothes.
Low Risk People (General Public, Canteen Staff) – these people will be allowed to
leave following decontamination of footwear and washing of exposed skin with soap
and water. However, they will also be advised to shower and wash their clothes as
soon as they get home.
NSW Agriculture will maintain a register of people leaving The Complex. People
who are going home to places where there are susceptible animals will need to sign a
declaration that they will not come into contact with susceptible animals for three
days.
The Senior Regulatory Officer will nominate a decontamination point at The
Complex where the NSW Fire Brigade will setup portable showers to decontaminate
people that need to be showered. All steps should be taken to ensure that run-off from
decontamination is contained on site.
If any person wishes to leave The Complex during the Alert Phase then they may do
so after passing through the decontamination point.
Another method for disinfecting high-risk people will be to bus them to facilities at
the abattoir where they can be showered and change into clean clothes. The bus will
need to be decontaminated at the end of this procedure.
All vehicles must only be moved under permit and must be subject to the following
treatment which is again dependent upon the risk category:
High Risk Vehicles (Stock Transports) – these vehicles must be thoroughly cleaned
and disinfected inside and out.
Medium Risk Vehicles (Farm Vehicles, Stock Agent Vehicles, Yardperson Vehicles)
– these vehicles should undergo a basic clean with a general external wash and a
thorough cleanup of the interior.
Low Risk Vehicles (Vehicles belonging to the general public) – these vehicles should
undergo a brief hose down especially around the wheel arches and wheels.
The existing truck wash area may be used for trucks and small vehicles with them
exiting the lower gate once cleaned. The roadway from the lower gate to the highway
will also need to be disinfected.
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Dogs and horses belonging to stock handlers will be dealt with on a case by case
basis. They must be washed with shampoo before leaving.
Waste water associated with decontamination will be retained and treated on site. It
will only be removed from site if necessary after being treated.
Local Disease Control Centre Standard Operating Procedure detail the processes that
must be followed to meet decontamination requirements. They also include the
resources that may be needed. The following would be the minimum resources
required to complete decontamination procedures at this point in time.
24 people
Portable showers (3)
Two fire tankers
5 buses
Soda Ash
Soaps, shampoos etc
300 – 400 pairs of underclothes, T-Shirts and shorts or overalls
2.2.5
Social and Community Issues
DOCS will make use of the movement register maintained by NSW Agriculture to
keep track of people leaving The Complex so that they may readily provide outreach
support as required.
Depending on how long decontamination procedures take DOCS may need to provide
accommodation for other family members and make contact with these members to
inform them of any delays if they are waiting in Dubbo to meet up with family
members detained at The Complex. This includes school children.
2.2.6
Tracing Requirements
Tracing should focus on identifying possible sources of infection and possible spread
of infection by stock, vehicles, feed, effluent and movement of people.
Saleyard and Abattoir Managers and agents will assist NSW Agriculture staff in
collecting information on possible movements.
A risk assessment will be made on stock in The Complex and any movements from
The Complex to determine the priority in tracing animals and vehicles.
Inspectors will firstly endeavour to determine the source of infected stock using
Agents and saleyard records.
Some of this work will have been collected by the diagnostic team as part of their
initial investigation.
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Inspectors will also determine the transport and operators who carried the suspect
livestock and all subsequent properties visited by the carrier following the
transporting of the suspect stock.
Other tracing possibilities that may be important include:
Stock that may already have left the sale
Stock that may have been transhipped after resting in The Complex
Trucks that have delivered stock and left The Complex
Trucks that have been to other properties after their first delivery to
The Complex.
People who may have left the saleyards earlier in the day or the
evening before.
Stock such as dogs or horses that may have left The Complex
Feed, effluent, offal etc.
Local Disease Control Centre SOPs describe procedures to be followed when tracing
animals, people, etc.
Six Regulatory Officers will be required from NSW Agriculture to assist with tracing
2.2.7 Destruction of Animals
Planning for the destruction of livestock should be undertaken during the Alert Phase
such that advice can be given to the LDCC Controller on the best methods for
destruction as soon as the CVO authorises slaughter.
2.2.8 Valuation of Stock and Equipment
Planning the valuation process will be undertaken during the Alert Phase.
Before any stock are destroyed they must be valued using registered valuers. If there
are insufficient valuers then independent Stock and Station Agents with appropriate
experience may be used.
Further information on valuation can be found in the Local Disease Control Centre
SOPs on Valuation.
2.2.9
Disposal of Carcasses and Product
Planning for the disposal of carcasses and product will be undertaken in the Alert
Phase.
Planning will include disposal methods, location of disposal sites, resources needed as
well as time frame for disposing of carcasses and product.
Further information can be found on the Disposal of Carcasses and Product can be
found in the Local Disease Control Centre SOPs on disposal.
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2.2.10 Cleaning and Disinfection
Disinfection of people and vehicles of the site will continue as per plan shown in
disinfection section.
Planning for cleaning and disinfection of the complex will occur in the Alert Phase.
However, implementation of cleaning and disinfection will not occur until the
Operational Phase.
Planning will include cleaning and disinfection methods, resources needed as well as
a time frame for completing the task.
Further information on cleaning and disinfection, including the resources required,
can be found in the Local Disease Control Centre SOPs on Decontamination
2.2.11 Social and Community Issues
DOCS will continue to supply human welfare support in the Alert Phase. This
includes providing accommodation for affected people and providing counselling and
meals as necessary with an ongoing outreach program for those affected.
The above activities not only applies to affected farmers and the community in
general but to members of the workforce that are assisting in the control operations.
DOCS will maintain a register of all people involved so that they have adequate
records around which they can implement their social welfare plan.
2.2.12 Pubic Relations
The Senior Public Relations Officer with NSW Agriculture will continue to provide
media updates. The Site Supervisor will continue to ensure that all people within The
Complex are kept up to date on the situation.
5
2.3
Operational Phase
This phase commences when an animal health emergency occurs or is presumed to
exist. This phase continues for as long as eradication is deemed to be necessary and
feasible. This may be a protracted period.
2.3.1
Disease Diagnosis
Usually by this stage a positive diagnosis will have been made and the National
Management Group will have agreed to the Response Plan which will involve
slaughtering and disposing of all stock, restricting movements and decontamination of
The Complex.
However, the CVO may direct that animals be slaughtered prior to national agreement
being obtained.
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2.3.2
Movement Controls
There will be additional control measures. Boundaries to a restricted and control
areas around the complex will be gazetted and enforced.
The boundary for the Restricted Area is generally at least ten kilometres radius around
The Complex but may be larger if necessary.
The Control Area around the Restricted Area will be initially the rest of New South
Wales.
If The Complex is the only infected premise in the area movement controls may
become broader as the boundaries of the Restricted and Controlled Areas may be
adjusted based on a risk assessment of possible disease spread. The boundary of the
Restricted Area may be reduced in size to exclude the township of Dubbo. The
Control Area may be reduced to approximately 10km radius but will still include the
Wyandra Waste Disposal Depot.
However, if other infected premises are detected in the area then movement controls
may be much broader to take into account the extra infected premises.
Vehicles, people and animals will continue to be disinfected off-site.
In the initial stages there will most likely be a general stand still invoked on the
movement of any stock within the State. This will include animals coming into The
Complex.
The owners of any stock that are to be consigned to the saleyards that are still on-farm
will be asked not to send the stock to the saleyards.
Any stock transports that are loaded with stock in transit to the saleyard will be asked
to pull over to the nearest rest area and await further instructions.
A risk assessment will be undertaken on stock before any permission to move them is
given. This assessment will take into account the likely risk of the stock in question
possibly spreading the disease if they are allowed to move.
It is most likely that the transports will be asked to return to the property of origin.
This may mean that some stock will need to be unloaded and rested before the return
journey. Such stock should be unloaded at the nearest saleyards if possible to be
rested.
If the stock can not be returned to the property of origin then they may be asked to
proceed to the nearest abattoir for slaughter or unloaded at a staging area until such
times as further advice is given on where the animals may go.
Minor roads entering the restricted area will be closed. Checkpoints will be setup and
staffed on major roads around the Restricted Area. In general stock movements will
be prohibited in the Control and Restricted Area without permission.
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The Local Disease Control Centre Standing Operating Procedures detail the processes
that must be followed with regard to movement control. These SOPs indicate the
types of resources that are needed.
3x8 hour shifts of 50 people for road blocks
Exclusion tape (300 metres)
Quarantine signs (40)
Barriers (20)
As time goes on the use of volunteers for staffing road blocks will phased out and security
companies will be contracted to do this work.
2.3.3
Tracing Requirements
Tracing of animals will continue as per the Alert Phase.
This will continue to involve tracing stock vehicles and people based on a risk
assessment undertaken on all movements. Priority will be given to tracing
movements that have the highest risk of spreading disease.
Local Disease Control Centre SOPs describe procedures to be followed when tracing
animals, people, etc.
2.3.4 Destruction of Animals
Destruction of animals is usually at the direction of the CVO.
It would be desirable to not slaughter any animals prior to national agreement being
obtained for the Response Plan. This agreement possibly would not be obtained until
the presence of the disease was determined by laboratory diagnosis.
However, the CVO may still direct that some or all of the animals in the complex
should be destroyed. This will depend on the report that the CVO receives from the
Diagnostic Team on the apparent disease status of the suspect animals.
Before any animals are destroyed the CVO will obtain agreement from the NSW
Government to cover the costs if a decision is made to slaughter prior to the National
Management Group approving the Response Plan.
Rapid slaughter of stock from the suspect property may be necessary to prevent any
chance of the virus propagating. Once the decision is made to slaughter any animals
the Operational Phase has commenced.
However, due to the close proximity of infected stock to other stock and as the
infected stock will have moved through a number of yards and laneways in
preparation for the sale or slaughter all stock in The Complex will most likely need to
be slaughtered and disposed of. However, this can be done over a two to four-day
period, as it will take that long for stock other than the original infected stock to start
spreading the disease.
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For cattle, if the decision is made to slaughter some or all of the stock they will be
removed to the crush area of the saleyard by saleyard or abattoir staff or other suitably
skilled personnel employed to do this job. They will be tranquillised with Rompun,
released into a holding yard and euthanased with a captive bolt or .22 rifle.
Where cattle are stunned using a captive bolt they will be individually pithed. The
holding yard where the cattle are released must be accessible to front end loaders and
cranes which will be required to lift the animals onto trucks for transport to disposal
sites.
It is proposed that every endeavour be made to slaughter/render as many sheep as
possible through the abattoir.
Every attempt will be made to slaughter and render any sheep belonging to the
abattoir first before any other sheep are rendered. The abattoir can render 8000 sheep
per day.
If it is not possible because of the numbers to render all sheep then the balance will be
progressively moved from pens to races and holding yards at the back of the abattoir.
Where they will be slaughtered using captive bolt pistols and 22 rifles.
Where sheep have been stunned with a captive bolt pistol they will be individually
pithed.
They must be slaughtered in areas with easy access to front end loaders so the
carcasses can be easily picked up and loaded into trucks to be taken away for disposal.
The resources needed at this stage will depend on whether the CVO has directed that all, some or
none of the stock be slaughtered.
Susceptible livestock on adjoining land may also be investigated for destruction.
There are Local Disease Control Centre Standard Operating Procedures on
Destruction. These SOPs indicate the resources that will be needed
One slaughter team of two people can slaughter 3000 sheep or 1000 cattle per day.
The types of resources needed are listed below:
Four slaughter teams (8 people)
Captive bolt pistols (12)
Rifles (8)
Temporary yard panels
Rompun
The slaughter team may either use captive bolt pistols or rifles. Captive bolt operators
could be obtained from the abattoir. Trained and accredited shooters could be
obtained from the list of accredited pest animal shooters held by NSW Agriculture or
accredited shooters who are members of the Sporting Shooters Association.
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Where there are delays in destruction and animals are held for periods of time animal
welfare considerations should be taken into account and steps taken to ensure animals
are adequately fed and watered.
2.3.5 Valuation of Animals and Equipment
All animals and equipment will need to be valued before destruction and disposal.
Animals must be valued by registered valuers who will most likely need to be sourced
from outside Dubbo.
2.3.6
Disposal of Animals
As stated in Section 2.3.4 it is proposed to slaughter and dispose of as many sheep as
possible through the abattoir. The product resulting from rendering the sheep will
need to be disposed of.
Any existing product held at the abattoir from the slaughter of animals prior to the
disease being suspected in The Complex will be held in situ until it is confirmed
whether the disease is present. A decision will then be made on a risk management
basis
This will depend on the risk and the attitude of export countries. It is most likely that
the product can only be used for domestic consumption or disposed of by burial
depending on risk.
Every effort will be made to bury stock on site. However, water tables in the area will
make this difficult if large numbers of stock are involved. An alternate burial site will
be the Whylandra Waste Disposal Depot
Carcasses of sheep not rendered and cattle carcasses will need to be loaded onto
trucks, which are appropriately sealed and transported to the Whylandra Waste
Disposal Depot where they will be buried in properly constructed burial pits.
In the initial stages carcasses will be buried under existing rubbish at the Depot until
such times as burial pits have been constructed. Carcasses must be immediately
covered to prevent scavengers getting at dead animals etc.
Trucks used for transport will preferably be tip trucks with a tailgate that can be easily
sealed to prevent spread of animal waste and as a result prevent further spread of the
virus.
Any liquid waste from The Complex such as animal excrement will be treated on site
before removal if necessary.
There are a number of Local Disease Control Centre SOPs on the disposal of
carcasses and waste etc as well as the transporting of carcasses and waste etc. The
SOPs indicate the types of resources that will be needed. These include the
following:
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Excavators (4)
Front end loaders (four way buckets)(2)
Tip trucks (12)
Plastic sheeting (Fortecon or similar)
Expanding foam sealant
2.3.7
Cleaning and Disinfecting
The aim of cleaning and disinfecting the abattoir and saleyard is to eliminate any
possible virus source without causing environmental damage and without further
spreading of the virus.
It may be possible to decontaminate stockfeed. However, it is likely that stockfeed on
site will be needed to feed animals while awaiting the decision to proceed to the
Operational Phase.
Decontamination procedures in The Complex will need to be prioritised based on risk
assessment.
Decontamination of the abattoir can be undertaken using existing procedures provided
appropriate disinfectants are used and will be subject to direction of the site
supervisor for The Complex.
It will be most likely that buildings, structures, equipment and materials will need to
be decontaminated to some extent.
Earthen floors may need to be broken up and soaked in disinfectant.
For low risk areas the final high pressure spray may not be needed.
Decontamination of the abattoir is done in a similar manner to the saleyard. Staff
should be able to apply existing decontamination practices as part of the procedures
but it must be remember that there will be extra effluent.
Local Disease Control Centre SOPs provide guidance on decontamination in more
detail. These SOPs also indicate the resources that will be required. The types of
resources that may be needed are as follows:
Six teams of 24 people working in rotation
Tip Trucks (2)
Fire trucks (6)
Scrapers, buckets and sponges
T-shirts and shorts etc for workers.
PPE
2.3.8
Social and Community Issues
DOCS will continue to supply human welfare support as for the Alert Phase.
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6
2.4
Stand Down Phase
The Stand Down Phase commences when the suspected disease is proven not to exist
or the disease is eradicated or otherwise under control or eradication procedures have
failed and the disease is declared endemic.
The CVO will by proclamation authorise that the disease as contained.
2.4.1
Movement Controls
The infected premises, Restricted and Control Area Declarations may be lifted if the
above circumstances occur. If the declarations are lifted than movement controls will
also be lifted.
However, it is likely that there may be some cases of disease in other areas which will
limit the movement of livestock and The Complex may be closed for quite some time
to further prevent the spread of disease.
7
2.5
Recovery Phase
The Recovery Phase commences at the same time as the Alert and Operational
Phases, it involves initial activities that are aimed at assisting affected people,
industries and communities.
This phase will involve the provision of assistance to all people involved or affected
by the outbreak.
DOCS will provide the lead coordination in this area providing counselling,
accommodation, food etc as well as an ongoing outreach programs to affected people.
3
ANIMAL WELFARE
As can be seen in the above plan there are a number of situations where the transport
of animals may be held up and where animals may be moved around and/or
destroyed. In all situations the welfare of the animal is paramount and animals must
at all times be treated in the most humane manner possible.
4.
COSTS
Costs associated with eradicating the disease are met by NSW Agriculture as per the
National Deed of Agreement between the Commonwealth, States and Industry. Any
consequential losses incurred by anyone are met by the people concerned and not by
NSW Agriculture.
5.
LIST OF ACRONYMS (in order of appearance)
FMD
CVO
Ausvetplan
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Foot and Mouth Disease
Chief Veterinary Officer of New South Wales
Australian Veterinary Emergency plan
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LDCC
SOP
LEOCON
DEOCON
SFVO
FVO
AAHL
SDCHQ
DOCS
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Local Disease Control Centre
Standard Operating Procedures
Local Emergency Operations Controller
District Emergency Operations Controller
Senior Filed Veterinary Officer ( NSW Agriculture)
Field Veterinary Officer
Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong
State Disease Control Head Quarters
Department of Community Services
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