Family,Genus,species,Synonyms,common names
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ROD RANDALL’S WEED LIST From The Nature Conservancy’s Wildland Invasive Species Team http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu Prepared by Barry Rice 20 November 2003 CODES: Genus,species,Synonyms,common names,Environ Score,Legal, Prohib, Garden, Nursery,States Nox in.,Comments,Distribution,source Acanthaceae Acanthus,mollis,,Bears Breaches,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Acanthus,mollis, ,Bears Breach,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Acanthus,montanus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acanthus,montanus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acanthus,ptarmica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acanthus,ptarmica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acanthus,pubescens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acanthus,pubescens, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Andrographis,paniculata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Andrographis,paniculata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Anisostachya,tenella, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Asystasia,gangetica,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Asystasia,gangetica,,Ganges primrose,,,,”Catergory II Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Asystasia,intrusa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Asystasia,intrusa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Asystasia,schimperi, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Asystasia,schimperi, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Barleria,cristata,,barleria,S,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Barleria,lupulina,,barleria,S,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Barleria,prionitis,,barleria,E,L,NT,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Barleria,prionitis, ,,,,,”Region of origin - trop Asia, Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread ornamental”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Barleria,prionitis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Barleria,strigosa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Blechum,pyramidatum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Blechum,pyramidatum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Blechum,pyramidatum (=B. brownei), ,,,,,”India, “,Guam; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Tonga,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Blepharis,maderaspatensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Blepharis,maderaspatensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Brillantaisia,lamium,Leucorhaphis lamium,,E,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Brillantaisia,lamium,syn Leucorhaphis lamium Nees,,,,,,,Weed Science List Brillantaisia,lamium,syn Leucorhaphis lamium Nees,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Brillantaisia,nitens,syn Leucorhaphis lamium Nees,,,,,,,Weed Science List Brillantaisia,nitens,syn Leucorhaphis lamium Nees,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cardanthera,difformis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cardanthera,difformis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Elytraria,crenata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Elytraria,crenata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hygrophila,difformis,,”water wisteria, Asian wisteria”,S,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hygrophila,phlomoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hygrophila,phlomoides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hygrophila,pobeguini, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hygrophila,pobeguini, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hygrophila,polysperma, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Hygrophila,polysperma, ,”hygro, Indian swampweed”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Hygrophila,polysperma*,,green hygro,,,,”Catergory I Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.*P =Prohibited by Flo”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Hygrophila,polysperma,,,aquatic,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Hygrophila,spinosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hygrophila,spinosa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hygrophila,triflora,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypoestes,antennifera,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypoestes,aristata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypoestes,phyllostachya,,”polkadot plant, freckle face”,S,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypoestes,phyllostachya, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Justicia,americana, ,waterwillow,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Justicia,betonica,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Justicia,flava, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Justicia,flava, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Justicia,insularis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Justicia,insularis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Justicia,simplex, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Justicia,simplex, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Odontonema,tubaeforme,”O. tubiforme, O. strictum”,firespike,X,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Odontonema,tubaeforme,”syn O. tubiforme, O. strictum “,firespike,,P,,”syn. Odontonema tubiformeOdontonema has been here in North Queensland for some twenty five years and has invaded the ground layer of rainforest growing on red metamorphic soils. Two apparently fertile seeded populations occur. Mick Godwin, Dept of Enviro”,,Western Australian Prohibited List Rostellularia,sundana,syn Justicia probcumbens,,,,,”in grassy area, roadsides, premises & gardens , in sunny to light shaded sites, locally abundant; up to 2200m (Java); flowers profusely throughout athe year; Upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”Malesia, Indonesia: Java & the Lesser Sunda Is”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Ruellia,malacosperma,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ruellia,prostrata, ,,,,,”, tree crops, roadsides”,Western Samoa ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Ruellia,squarrosa,,ruellia,S,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ruellia,tuberosa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ruellia,tuberosa, ,,,,,annual dominance Ornamental , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Rungia,repens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rungia,repens, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sanchezia,parvibracteata,,sanchezia,XS,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sanchezia,parvibracteata, ,,,,,Region of origin - trop Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Stephanophysum,longifolium,,,S,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Thunbergia,alata,,black-eyed Susan,XXw,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Thunbergia,alata, ,Black-eyed Susan ,,,,VINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Thunbergia,alata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Thunbergia,annua,,thunbergia,,L,Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Thunbergia,annua, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Thunbergia,annua, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Thunbergia,fragrans,,thunbergia,,L,Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Thunbergia,fragrans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Thunbergia,fragrans, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Thunbergia,grandiflora,,”thunbergia, blue trumpet vine, Bengla clock-vine, blue skyflower, blue trumpet vine, clock vine, sky flower, sky vine”,XHE,NLP,Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Thunbergia,grandiflora, ,Sky Flower or Blue Thunbergia,,,,VINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Thunbergia,grandiflora, ,”thunbergia, blue trumpet vine, Bengla clock-vine, blue skyflower, blue trumpet vine, clock vine, sky flower, sky vine”,,,,”admired for its showy flowers produced throughout most of the year & its abiltiy to grow over fences, buildings & trellises; abandoned plants can over take bushland areas & smother whole trees, in agric. areas it infests roadsides, pastures & canefields”,”originated in northern India; introd as an ornamental in many trop, subtrop & war-temp areas including N& S Amer”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Thunbergia,grandiflora, ,Blue Thunbergia ,,,,Vines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Thunbergia,grandiflora, ,”thunbergia, blue trumpet vine”,,,,,,Weed Science List Thunbergia,grandiflora, ,”thunbergia, blue trumpet vine”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Thunbergia,laurifolia,T. harrissii,”blue thunbergia, blue trumpet vine, laurel clock vine”,XHS,NL,Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Thunbergia,laurifolia, ,,,,,”Region of origin - India, Malaysia; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread ornamental”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Aceraceae Acer,barbatum, ,Florida maple,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acer,circinatum, ,vine maple,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acer,ginnala, ,amur maple,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Acer,macrophyllum, ,bigleaf maple,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acer,negundo,,Box-elder Maple,XXAw,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Acer,negundo, ,,,,,Region of origin - N Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Acer,negundo, ,Box-elder Maple,,,,”Dispersal: Water,W. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,7,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: N Am and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Acer,negundo, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acer,negundo, ,boxelder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acer,palmatum,,”box elder maple, ash-leaved maple”,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Acer,palmatum, ,,,,,”Region of origin - Japan, Korea; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Acer,pensylvanicum, ,striped maple,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acer,platanoides,,Norway maple,Escaping in the Portland area.,,Noxious Invasive Vegetation of the Willamette Valley: Native Plant Society of Oregon. Weed Acer,platanoides,,Norway maple,"Avail nurseries, Street Tree, Ornamental Low Level Invasive , Additional Comments : Tolerant to pollution, introduced 1778 ""30 m high, flowers 10 mm wide, greenish yellow in clusters, leaves 5-7 lobes, dark green, simple, opposite, deciduo","Eurasia. Habitat: Towns, natural areas adjacent to urban"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Acer,platanoides, ,Norway maple,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Acer,platanoides, ,Norway maple,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acer,pseudoplantanus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acer,pseudoplatanus,,Sycamore Maple,HXAw,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Acer,pseudoplatanus, ,planetree maple,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Acer,rubrum, ,red maple,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acer,saccharinum, ,silver maple,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acer,saccharum, ,sugar maple,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acer,spicatum, ,mountain maple,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acer ,pseudoplatanus, ,Sucamore Maple,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,7,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Adiantaceae Adiantum,capillus-veneris,syn ,”Maidenhair, Venus's hair”,,,,”moist shaded habitats, wells, along streams”“Fronds are an expectorant & emollient; infusion used for colds, bronchitis, asthma, & chest diseases”““,cosmopolitan,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Pellaea,viridis,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pityrogramma,calamelanos, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pityrogramma,calomelanos,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pityrogramma,calomelanos,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Agavaceae Agave,americana,,Century Plant,XXHXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Agave,americana,,Century Plant,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Agave,americana,,Century Plant,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Agave,americana,,Century Plant,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Agave,americana, ,Century Plant,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: Mex and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Agave,americana, ,Yucca or Century Plant,,,,SHRUBS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Agave,americana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Agave,attenuata,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Agave,lecheguilla, ,lechuguilla,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Agave,schottii, ,Schott's century plant,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Agave,schottii, ,Schott agave,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Agave,sisalana,,sisal,X,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Agave,sisalana, ,,,,,Region of origin - Mexico; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - agriculture - rope,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Agave,spp.,,agave,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Agave,viviparia,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Agave ,americana, ,century plant,,,,”tropical America, “,French Polynesia; Kiribati; New Caledonia,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Agave ,americana, ,American agave,,,,”Succulent SpeciesInvades: dry habitats, rocky outcrops, drainage linesCultivated for: ornament, fodder, security hedging; provides honey; relic plantings occur all over southern Africa”,Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Agave ,americana, ,American agave,,,,”Succulent SpeciesInvades: dry habitats, rocky outcrops, drainage linesCultivated for: ornament, fodder, security hedging; provides honey; relic plantings occur all over southern Africa”,Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Agave ,sisalana, ,sisal,,,,”Proposed Declared Invader. Subject to herbicide registrationSucculent SpeciesInvades: subtropical savanna, erosion channels, watercoursesCultivated for: fibre, security hedging; provides honey “,Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Agave ,sisalana, ,sisal,,,,”Proposed Declared Invader. Subject to herbicide registrationSucculent SpeciesInvades: subtropical savanna, erosion channels, watercoursesCultivated for: fibre, security hedging; provides honey “,Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Agave ,sisalana,,sisal hemp,,,,”Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Cordyline,australis,,cabbage tree,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cordyline,australis, ,New Zealand Cabbage ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cordyline,australis, ,,,,,Region of origin - NZ; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Cordyline,australis, ,Cabbage Tree,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,9,10”,”Introduced deliberately from: NZ and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Furcraea,foetida,,Mauritius hemp,X,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Furcraea,selloa,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Furcraea,selloa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Furcraea,spp., ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Phormium,tenax,,New Zealand flax,XXS,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Phormium,tenax, ,,,,,Region of origin - NZ; Extent of spread localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Phormium,tenax, ,New Zealand Flax,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 9”,”Introduced deliberately from: NZ and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Sansevieria,guineensis,,,w,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sansevieria,hyacinthoides,,bowstring hemp,,,,”Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Sansevieria,trifasciata,,mother-in-law's tounge,XS,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sansevieria,trifasciata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Yucca,aloifolia,,”coastal yucca, dwarf yucca, Spanish bayonet”,S,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Yucca,aloifolia, ,Spanish Bayonet ,,,,SHRUBS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Yucca,aloifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Yucca,elata, ,soaptree yucca,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Yucca,filamentosa,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Yucca,glauca, ,small soapweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Yucca,gloriosa,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Yucca,spp., ,,,,,”80-90% germ of seeds soaked in water 24hrs, germ between moist cotton at 28-32C over 3-9days; germ % inc. with scarification or removal of seed coat; 95% germ of 6yr old seed”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Aizoaceae Aptenia,cordifolia,,Heart-leaf Ice Plant,XXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aptenia,cordifolia, ,Red Apple ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Aptenia,cordifolia, ,Heart-leaf Ice Plant,,,,”Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 12,13”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Aptenia,cordifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Carpanthea,pomeridiana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Carpobrotus,aequilateralus, ,ice plant,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Carpobrotus,aequilaterus, ,Angled Pigface,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,?animal (not bird), internal,Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: Chile, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Carpobrotus,aequilaterus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Carpobrotus,chilensis,C. aequilaterus,angled pigface,HXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carpobrotus,edulis,,Hottentot fig,HXH,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carpobrotus,edulis, ,Iceplant ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Carpobrotus,edulis, ,Hottentot Fig,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,?animal (not bird), internal,Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4,5”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Carpobrotus,edulis, ,”freeway ice plant, hottentot fig”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Carpobrotus,edulis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Carpobrotus,edulis X C. virescens,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Conicosia,bijlii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Conicosia,pugioniformis, ,”Narrow-leaved Iceplant, Roundleaf Iceplant “,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Conicosia,pugioniformis, ,narrow-leaved iceplant,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Dorotheanthus,bellidiformis,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Drosanthemum,candens,,Rodondo Creeper,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Drosanthemum,candens, ,Rodondo Creeper,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Drosanthemum,candens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Galenia,pubescens,,Galenia,HX,L,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Galenia,pubescens, ,Galenia,,,,”Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,8,12”,”S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Galenia,secunda,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Glinus,oppositifolius,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lampranthus,coccineus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lampranthus,glaucus,,Lampranthus,HX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lampranthus,glaucus, ,Lampranthus,,,,”Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 5,12”,”S Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Lampranthus,glaucus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lampranthus,multiradiatus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lampranthus,tegens,,Lampranthus,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lampranthus,tegens, ,Lampranthus,,,,”Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 12”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Lampranthus,tegens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Malephora,crocea, ,Ice Plant ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Malephora,lutea,Carpobrotus sp. in Plants of western NSW (info. from H. Toelken at AD),,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Mesembryanthemum,aitonis,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Mesembryanthemum,aitonis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Mesembryanthemum,crystallinum,,ice plant,HXHH,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Mesembryanthemum,crystallinum, ,Crystalline Iceplant ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Mesembryanthemum,crystallinum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Mesembryanthemum,cystallinum, ,Ice Plant,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,4,11”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Mesembryanthemum,nodiflorum,,slenderleaf iceplant,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Mesembryanthemum,nodiflorum, ,Slender-leaved Iceplant ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Mesembryanthemum,nodiflorum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Micropterum,papulosum,M. papillosum (incorrect name),,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Micropterum,papulosum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Mollugo,verticillata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Mollugo,verticillata, ,carpetweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Mullugo,stricta, ,,,,, , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Psilocaulon,tenue,,Wiry Noon-flower,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Psilocaulon,tenue, ,Wiry Noon-flower,,,,”Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4”,”S Af, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Psilocaulon,tenue, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ruschia,decumbens,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ruschia,decumbens, ,,,,,Region of origin - Southern Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Ruschia,tumidula,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ruschia,tumidula, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tetragonia,decumbens,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tetragonia,decumbens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tetragonia,microptera,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tetragonia,nigrescens,T. nigricans in WA?,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tetragonia,nigrescens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Trianthema,monogyna, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Trianthema,monogyna, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Trianthema,pentandra, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Trianthema,pentandra, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Trianthema,portulacastrum,,black or giant pigweed,XH,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Trianthema,portulacastrum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Trianthema,portulacastrum, ,”black pigweed, giant pigweed, horse purslane”,,,,”Trianthema portulacastrum is an herbaceous plant found in many tropical and subtropical countries. It occurs in wastelands, roadsides, lawns, gardens, upland cultivated crops, and in paddy fields if the water supply is low. Occasionally it is found in per”,”origin unknow; found in tropical and subtropical countries of the Americas, Africa and Asian and in several regions of Australia”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Trianthema,portulacastrum, ,horse purslane,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Zaleya,galericulata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alismataceae Alisma,canaliculatum, ,,,,, , Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Alisma,gramineum, ,narrowleaf waterplantain,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Alisma,lanceolata,,Water Plantain,XXw,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alisma,lanceolata, ,Water Plantain,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water. Life Form: Emergent aquatic(Annual/Perennial herb). RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,9,10”,”Eur, N Af, W As, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Alisma,lanceolatum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Alisma,lanceolatum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Alisma,plantago-aquatica,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alisma,plantago-aquatica, ,Common Waterplantain,,,,bensulfuron 1995 Portugal Rice , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Alisma,plantago-aquatica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Alisma,plantago-aquatica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Alisma,triviale,” Alisma plantago, Alisma plantago-aquatica”,Common waterplantain,,,,98% germ in sterile distilled water at 29C within 10d by rupturing seed coats,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Alisma,triviale, ,common waterplantain,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Damasonium,alisma, Damasonium stellatum,,,,,seeds matured in July & placed on surface of water germ in few days; seeds allowed to sink didn't germ to any extent until next year; 3-5mth dry stored seed placed in water germ within a few days ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Damasonium,australe, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Damasonium,minus, ,Starfruit ,,,,bensulfuron 1994 Australia Rice , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Echinodorus,cordifolius,”E. radicans, E. bathii, E. schlueteri “,”burhead, radicans sword, creeping burrhead, Texas mud baby”,S,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Echinodorus,cordifolius, ,burhead,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Echinodorus,cordifolius,”syn E. radicans, E. bathii, E. schlueteri “,”creeping burrhead, Texas mud baby, burrhead”,,P,,This species can tolerate a wide temp range from 15-30 C See article in “The Alismataceae” Monograph 64 Flora Neotropica 1994,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sagittaria,aginashi, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sagittaria,aginashi, ,,,,,perennial sub-dominance , ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Sagittaria,aginashi, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sagittaria,calycina, ,California arrowhead,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sagittaria,chilensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sagittaria,chilensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sagittaria,cuneata, Sagittaria arifolia,,,,,”vegetative propagation by tubers; 42-46% germ of seeds stored in water at 1-3C for 5-7mths, then germ in tap water in diffuse light on greenhouse bench; dry stored seed germ 93% on moist filter paper within 104days in dark after seed coat cut at 20-25C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sagittaria,engelmanniana,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sagittaria,falcata, ,coastal arrowhead,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sagittaria,graminea,was S. graminea var. platyphylla & S. graminea var. weatherbiana,”sagittaria, arrow-head, delta arrowhead, slender arrowhead”,HXXHE,L,SA; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sagittaria,graminea, ,Arrow-head,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,Water. Life Form: Emergent aquatic(Perennial herb). RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 10”,”Introduced deliberately from: N Am, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Sagittaria,graminea, ,”sagittaria, arrow-head, delta arrowhead, slender arrowhead”,,,,blocks water flow in irrigation canals & drainage ditches,”native of N Amer”“naturalised in Ekibin Creek, near Brisbane, Qld also in Nine Mile Creek at Wunghnu in Vic & at Liverpool & Casula, NSW; It has established in irrigation districts of north central Vic, Murray River in SA”““,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Sagittaria,graminea, ,Sagittaria N ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Movement prohibited on roads (Section 52(2) applies) Entry into South Australia p”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Sagittaria,graminea, ,”sagittaria, arrow-head”,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Sagittaria,graminea, ,”sagittaria, arrow-head”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sagittaria,guayanensis ssp lappula,”syn Lophotocarpus guayanensis, Sagittaria lappula, Sagittaria pusilla, Sagittaria obtusissima, Lophiocarpus cordifolius”,,,,,”in ditches, up to 1000m alt. (Java); flowers throughout the year; the flowers open only partly at noon or later & close long before sundown; lowland-irrigated & lebak rice fields, a weed of minor importance, leaves sometimes used as pig's food”,”tropical Afr or SE Asia, tropics of Afr & SE Asia, Indonesia-Java, Sumatra & Sulawesi”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Sagittaria,latifolia,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sagittaria,latifolia, ,Common arrowhead,,,,”vegetative propagation by tubers; 42-46% germ of seeds stored in water at 1-3C for 5-7mths, then germ in tap water in diffuse light on greenhouse bench; dry stored seed germ 93% on moist filter paper within 104days in dark after seed coat cut at 20-25C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sagittaria,latifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sagittaria,latifolia, ,common arrowhead,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sagittaria,latifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sagittaria,montevidensis,,”arrowhead, sagittaria, California arrowhead”,E,L,SA; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sagittaria,montevidensis,,”arrowhead, sagittaria, California arrowhead”,E,L,SA; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sagittaria,montevidensis,,”arrowhead, sagittaria, California arrowhead”,E,L,SA; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sagittaria,montevidensis, ,California Arrowhead,,,,bensulfuron 1993 USA Rice , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Sagittaria,montevidensis, ,California Arrowhead,,,,bensulfuron 1994 Australia Rice , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Sagittaria,montevidensis, ,”arrowhead, sagittaria, California arrowhead”,,,,”dense infestations block channels & drainage ditches; 2 subsp. spread into rice fields, drainage ditches & Barren Box Swamp west of Griffith NSW”,”native of N & S Amer, most common weeds of Californian rice fields”“Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of NSW,not naturalised eslewhere in Aust”““,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Sagittaria,montevidensis, ,Arrowhead N # ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Sagittaria,montevidensis, ,arrow-head sagittaria,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Sagittaria,montevidensis, ,arrow-head sagittaria,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sagittaria,platyphylla, ,Delta arrowhead,,,,vegetative propagation by tubers,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sagittaria,platyphylla,”syn N Amer (Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi)”,”found in 1949 in W Java near Bogor & Depok, an escape of the Botanic Garden, Bogor & later spread throughout Java”,,,,”a weed of minor importance, “,”up to 250m alt. in Java; lowland & rainfed rice fields, “,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Sagittaria,platyphylla, ,delta arrowhead,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sagittaria,pygmaea,,dwarf arrowhead,,L,Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sagittaria,pygmaea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sagittaria,pygmaea, ,,,,,”perennial dominance, sub-dominance “, Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Sagittaria,pygmaea, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sagittaria,sagittifolia,,,aquatic,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Sagittaria,sagittifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sagittaria,sagittifolia, ,”arrow-head, chinese arrowhead”,,,,”Sagittaria sagittifolia is an herbaceous, perennial or sometimes annual aquatic plant. It is a general nuisance in the crops, irrigation systems,drains and waterways of more than 50 countries. Its remarkable ability to adapt, both in form and physiology”,”N & S Amer, Eur, Eurasia, S & E Asia, the Pacific Islands, Hawaii, Afr, and Aust”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Sagittaria,subulata, ,dwarf arrowhead,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sagittaria,trifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sagittaria,trifolia, ,,,,,perennial , Taiwan Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Sagittaria,trifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sagittaria,variabilis, ,,,,,”no germ of intact seeds during 10day test; mechanically ruptured coats, germ 92% promptly in sterile distilled water at 29C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Alliaceae Allium,acuminatum, ,tapertip onion,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Allium,ampeloprasum,,”broadleaf wild leek, wild leek”,X,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Allium,ampeloprasum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Allium,canadense, ,Wild Onion,,,,”large bulblets higher germ rate & longer viability; dormancy 2.5mths, “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Allium,canadense, ,wild onion,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Allium,cepa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Allium,mutabile, ,purple onion,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Allium,neapolitanum,,Naples Onion,X,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Allium,neapolitanum, ,Naples Onion,,,,Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Bulbous geophyte. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,”Introduced deliberately from: Med and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Allium,neapolitanum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Allium,oleraceum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Allium,orientale, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Allium,paniculatum,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Allium,paniculatum, ,Panicled Onion ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Allium,paniculatum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Allium,porrum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Allium,roseum,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Allium,roseum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Allium,rotundum, ,,,,,,,Behrendt & Hanf “Grass Weeds In World Agriculture” Allium,scorodoprasum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Allium,scrodoprasum,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Allium,scrodoprasum,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Allium,sphaerocephalon, ,,,,,,,Behrendt & Hanf “Grass Weeds In World Agriculture” Allium,tricoccum, ,wild leek,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Allium,triquetrum,,”three-corner garlic, angled onion”,HHH,NL,Vic; SA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Allium,triquetrum, ,Angled Onion,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative,Water. Life Form: Bulbous geophyte. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5,6,7,8,9 “,”Introduced deliberately from: W Med, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Allium,triquetrum, ,”three-corner garlic, angled onion”,,,,”restricted to high rainfall areas, does not compete strongly with crops & improved pastures, but imparts a strong onion flavour & unpleasant odour to dairy products & meat, making them unfit for sale; problem as garden weed, in bushlands & public places”,”native of western Medit region, not widely distributed but occurs commonly in parts of Aust & NZ”“nat. in SA, found in NSW, Vic, Tas & WA”““,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Allium,triquetrum, ,Three cornered garlic * ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”, Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies),”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Allium,triquetrum, ,”three-corner garlic, angled onion”,,,,,,Weed Science List Allium,ursinum, ,,,,,,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Allium,ursinum ,,wood garlic,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Allium,ursinum , ,wood garlic,,P,,”Hardy bulb to 30cm tall. Flowers early summer. This plant prefers woodland conditions in a moist well-drained soil, and can then be invasive, but because it dies down in summer other plants can grow in the same space. The bulb needs to be planted fairly “,,Western Australian Prohibited List Allium,vineale,,”crow garlic, wild garlic, field garlic, wild onion”,HX,NL,Vic; SA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Allium,vineale, ,,,,,,,Behrendt & Hanf “Grass Weeds In World Agriculture” Allium,vineale, ,Wild Garlic ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Allium,vineale, ,Wild garlic,,,,”aerial bulblets stored at room temp dormancy broken after 5mths, larger bulblets higher germ % & longer viability”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Allium,vineale, ,”crow garlic, wild garlic, field garlic, wild onion”,,,,”important weed because it contains allyl sulphides which impart a strong garlic odour & flavour to agric. produce, particularly cereal grain, grain products, milk & meat”,”native of Eur, NAfr & Asia Minor, important weed of cereal crops & vineyards; introd most temp regions of world-Eng, Spain, Ger, Italy, Turkey & Sweden; important weed of pastures, cereals crops & lawns in USA & NZ”“occurs in all states ex Qld & NT; Vic w”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Allium,vineale, ,field garlic,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Allium,vineale, ,Field garlic ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Move”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Allium,vineale, ,”crow garlic, wild garlic, field garlic”,,,,,,Weed Science List Allium,vineale, ,wild garlic,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Allium,vineale,,field garlic,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Ipheion,uniflorum,,spring star-flower,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Nothoscordum,gracile,”N. borbonicum, N. inodorum”,fragrant false garlic,XXX,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Nothoscordum,inodorum, ,FALSE Garlic ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Aloeaceae Aloe,arborescens,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aloe,arborescens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aloe,cameronii,,”aloe, “,S,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aloe,cameronii, ,,,,,Region of origin - Afr; Extent of spread localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Aloe,ferox,,bitter aloe,E,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aloe,ferox, ,bitter aloe,,,,,,Weed Science List Aloe,ferox, ,bitter aloe,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Aloe,latifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aloe,maculata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aloe,parvibracteata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aloe,parvibracteata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aloe,saponaria,Probably should be A. maculata,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aloe,saponaria,,Soap Aloe,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aloe,saponaria, var. ficksburgensis,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Aloe,saponaria, ,Soap Aloe,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,3,4,5,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Aloe,saponaria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Kniphofia,uvaria, ,Red-hot Poker,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Alstroemeriaceae Alstroemeria,aurea,,Alstroemeria,HA,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alstroemeria,aurea, ,Alstroemeria,,,,”Dispersal: ?Water,Vegetative. Life Form: Tuberous geophyte. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,7,8,”,”Introduced deliberately from: Chile, Arg and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Alstroemeria,aurea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Alstroemeria,pulchella,,,XXX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alstroemeria,pulchella, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthaceae Achyranthes,aspera, ,chafflower,,,,”tropical America, disturbed forest”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Achyranthes,aspera,,devil's horsewhip,X,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Achyranthes,aspera, ,”chaff flow, devil's horsewhip”,,,,,widely disbursed in tropical & subtropical regions of the world.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution Holm et. al. Achyranthes,aspera, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Achyranthes,japonica, ,,,,, , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Achyranthes,sicula, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Achyranthes,sicula, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acnida,altissima, ,tall waterhemp,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Aerva,javanica,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aerva,javanica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aerva,lanata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Allmania,nodiflora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Allmania,nodiflora,”syn Achyranthes nodiflora, Chamissoa javanica, Chamissoa nodiflora”,,,,,”locally abundant on light, esp. sandy soils, sandy shores, fields, roadsides, dunes; in Java up to 100m alt.; upland & gogo rancah rice fields, a weed of minor importance, Amaranthaceae”,”SE Asia, tropical Asia, W Malesia, Philippines, throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Allmania,nodiflora, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Alternanthera,angustifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Alternanthera,bettzickiana,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alternanthera,bettzickiana, ,,,,,Region of origin - Brazil; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental ?,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Alternanthera,dentata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alternanthera,ficoidea,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alternanthera,philoxeroides,,, Coastal in Virginia,,"Alien Invasive plants in Virginia: Virginia Native Plant Society, Weed" Alternanthera,philoxeroides,”Achyranthes philoxeroides, Bucholzia philoxeroides, Telanthera philoxeroides”,alligator weed,XXwH,L,NSW; Vic; Qld; Sa; NT; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alternanthera,philoxeroides, ,Alligatorweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Alternanthera,philoxeroides, ,Alligatorweed,,,,vegetative propagation of terminal sections,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Alternanthera,philoxeroides,” Achyranthes philoxeroides, Bucholzia philoxeroides, Telanthera philoxeroides”,alligator weed,,,,”strong competitor in rice fields & pastures prone to waterlogging often crowding out & reducing yield; thick mats produced restrict flow in waterways & light penetration, promote sedimentation & create anaerobic conditions”,”native of S Amer; widesprd in trop & warm-temp regions of world; problem in SE USA & irrigation areas of California, Arg, Caribbean Is, parts of Afr, India, Malay, SE Asia, Indo & NZ”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Alternanthera,philoxeroides, ,alligator weed,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Alternanthera,philoxeroides, ,Alligator weed N # ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Alternanthera,philoxeroides, ,alligator weed,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Alternanthera,philoxeroides, ,”alligator weed, alligator grass”,,,,Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) is a much-feared weed of waterways across the world. It is best known as an aquatic weed but is also found in several of man's cultivated crops & inn pastures. It is a problem weed of 10 crops in 30 countries.,Found in thermal tropics or the mild regions of the temperate zones.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Alternanthera,philoxeroides, ,alligatorweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Alternanthera,philoxeroides, ,alligator weed,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Alternanthera,philoxeroides,,alligator weed,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Alternanthera,philoxeroides*,,alligator weed,,,,”Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. *P =Prohibited by Florida Department “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Alternanthera,pungens, ,Khaki weed N # ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Movement prohibited on roads (Section 52(2) applies) Entry into South Australia “,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Alternanthera,pungens,”Achyranthes repens, Alternanthera achyrantha, Alternanthera echinata, Alternanthera repens”,”khaki weed, creeping chaffweed”,XXXX,L,NSW; Vic; SA; NT,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alternanthera,pungens,” Achyranthes repens, Alternanthera achyrantha, Alternanthera echinata, Alternanthera repens”,”khaki weed, creeping chaffweed”,,,,”colonises bare or disturbed areas; deep taproot-survive drought conditions, plant needs plentiful moisture for vigorous growth, grows well in irrigated areas; heads cause problems to feet & mouths of stock & dogs, poisonous to animals”,”native of trop Amer, widesprd throughout temp & trop world; southern & eastern Afr, temp areas of Eur & N Amer, Philip, India, Sri Lanka & PNG”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Alternanthera,pungens, ,khaki weed,,,,,,Weed Science List Alternanthera,pungens, ,khaki weed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Alternanthera,repens, ,khakiweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Alternanthera,sessilis, ,sessile joyweed,,,,”tropical and subtropical America (Brazil?), taro, roadside ditches”,Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu; Wallis and Futuna ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Alternanthera,sessilis,,,terrestrial,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Alternanthera,sessilis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alternanthera,sessilis, ,,,,, , Taiwan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Alternanthera,sessilis,syn Alternanthera repens,,,,,”preferably wet soil, along ditches, fallow lands; flowering Jan-Dec (Java); in upland lebak & tidal rice fields; in Irian Jaya from 0-2650m, sometimes noxious, young tips eaten as vegetable”,”unknown, throughout the Old World; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Alternanthera,sessilis, ,”sessile joyweed, sessile flowered globe amaranth”,,,,”Alternanthera sessilis tends to overlap A. philoxeroides, in transition zones between wet and dry lands. It appears in more than 30 crops across the world, is more terrestrial than aquatic.”,Found in thermal tropics or the mild regions of the temperate zones.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Alternanthera ,sessilis,syn Gomphrena sessilis ,Sessile-flowered globe amaranth,,,,”drains, irrigation canals, rice fields”,tropical and subtropical regions of the world,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Amaranthus,albus,,”tumble pigweed, prostrate pigweed”,HX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,albus, ,White pigweed,,,,,Mainland Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Amaranthus,albus, ,Tumble pigweed,,,,simazine 1987 Spain Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,albus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,albus, ,tumble pigweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amaranthus,blitoides, ,Prostrate Amaranth,,,,,”UK, Mainland Europe except Slovak states”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Amaranthus,blitoides, ,Prostrate Amaranth,,,,,”UK, Mainland Europe except Slovak states”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Amaranthus,blitoides, ,Prostrate pigweed,,,,”sulfonylureas 1991 Israel Roadside, Forest “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,blitoides, ,Prostrate pigweed,,,,simazine 1986 Spain Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,blitoides, ,Prostrate pigweed,,,,”triazines 1983 Israel Cropland, Roadside “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,blitoides, ,spreading pigweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amaranthus,bouchonii, , ,,,,triazines 1982 France , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,bouchonii, , ,,,,triazines 1986 Switzerland Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,caudatus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,caudatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,crispus, ,,,,,,Italy and SE Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Amaranthus,cruentus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,cruentus, ,Smooth pigweed,,,,atrazine 1989 Spain Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,cruentus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,deflexus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,deflexus, ,,,,,,Southern and Eastern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Amaranthus,deflexus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,dubius,,amaranth,,GQ,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,dubius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,dubius, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Amaranthus,dubius,,,"annual crops, rice, gardens, disturbed sites and secondary vegetation",,"Northern Australian Quarantine Service, Target Weeds" Amaranthus,gangeticus, ,spleen amaranth,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amaranthus,gracilis,”syn Amaranthus polystachyus, Amaranthus viridis, Euxolus caudatus, Euxolus polystachyus”,pigweed,,,,”common weed in cultivated areas, waste places, gardens, along roads; does not grow in very wet places; prefers sandy soils or those rich in humus & fairly moist; very common in Java below 300m, goes up to 600m; flowers throughout the year; upland & gogo r”,”E Asia, pantropical; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Amaranthus,graecizans,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,graecizans, Amaranthus blitoides,Prostrate pigweed,,,,optimum germ temp 30-37C with periodic illumination & partial or entire removal of seed coat ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Amaranthus,graecizans, ,Speading Pigweed,,,,”A. angustifolius, A. slyvestris”,”Mainland Europe, UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Amaranthus,graecizans,syn A. angustifolius ,White pigweed,,,,”fields, gardens, orchards, roadsides, especially in sandy soils”,”Medit, trop Afr, W Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Amaranthus,graecizans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,graecizans, ,prostrate pigweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amaranthus,grandiflorus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,hybridus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,hybridus, ,Green Amaranth,,,,”A. chlorostachys, A. hypochondriacus, A. powellii”,Mainland Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Amaranthus,hybridus, ,Smooth pigweed,,,,imazaquin 1992 USA Soybean , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,hybridus, ,Smooth pigweed,,,,atrazine 1972 USA Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,hybridus, ,Smooth pigweed,,,,atrazine 1984 Italy , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,hybridus, ,Smooth pigweed,,,,atrazine 1985 Spain Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,hybridus, ,Smooth pigweed,,,,triazines 1980 France , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,hybridus, ,Smooth pigweed,,,,triazines 1982 Switzerland Vegetables , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,hybridus, ,Smooth pigweed,,,,triazines 1986 Israel Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,hybridus, ,Smooth pigweed,,,,triazines 1993 South Africa Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,hybridus,syn A. cruentus; A. paniculatus; A. chlorostachys ,Green amaranth,,,,”fields, orchards, waste ground”,temp. and trop. regions of the world,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Amaranthus,hybridus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,hybridus, ,smooth pigweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amaranthus,interruptus, ,native amaranth,,,,”southern China, “,New Caledonia; Niue; Solomon Islands,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Amaranthus,lividus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,lividus, ,Livid Amaranth,,,,”A. blitum, A. ascendens, A. polygonoides”,”Mainland Europe, S Sweden, Finland”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Amaranthus,lividus, ,Livid Amaranth,,,,paraquat 1990 Malaysia Vegetables , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,lividus, ,Livid Amaranth,,,,triazines 1978 Switzerland Vineyard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,lividus, ,Livid Amaranth,,,,triazines 1981 France , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,lividus,syn A. ascendens ,,,,,”cultivated fields, waste ground, ditch sides”,widespread in warm and trop. regions of the world,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Amaranthus,lividus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,lividus, ,,,,,annual sub-dominance , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Amaranthus,lividus, ,,,,, ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Amaranthus,lividus, ,livid amaranth,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amaranthus,macrocarpus, ,Dwarf Amaranth,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,macrocarpus, ,Dwarf Amaranth,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Amaranthus,mangostanus, ,,,,,annual dominance , Upland Korea ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Amaranthus,mitchellii,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,muricatus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,muricatus, ,,,,,,”Spain , Portugal”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Amaranthus,muricatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,palmeri, ,Palmer amaranth,,,,imazethapyr 1991 USA , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,palmeri, ,Palmer amaranth,,,,dinitroanilines 1989 USA Cotton , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,palmeri, ,Palmer amaranth,,,,triazines 1993 USA Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,palmeri, ,Palmer amaranth,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amaranthus,paniculatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,patulus, ,,,,, , Hokkaido Okayama ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Amaranthus,powellii,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,powellii, ,Powell Amaranth,,,,atrazine 1989 Czech Republic Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,powellii, ,Powell Amaranth,,,,terbacil 1992 USA , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,powellii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,powellii, ,Powell amaranth,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amaranthus,quitensis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,quitensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,retroflexus,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Common Amaranth,,,,,”Mainland Europe, UK, S Sweden”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Redroot Pigweed,,,,linuron 1984 Bulgaria Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Redroot Pigweed,,,,”thiazfluron 1987 Germany Roadside, Railway “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Redroot Pigweed,,,,ALS inhibitors 1995 USA , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Redroot Pigweed,,,,sulfonylureas 1991 Israel Forest , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Redroot Pigweed,,,,atrazine 1980 Canada Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Redroot Pigweed,,,,atrazine 1980 Germany Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Redroot Pigweed,,,,atrazine 1980 USA Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Redroot Pigweed,,,,”atrazine 1985 Czech Republic Corn, Sugarbeet”, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Redroot Pigweed,,,,atrazine 1986 Spain Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Redroot Pigweed,,,,atrazine 1991 Poland Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Redroot Pigweed,,,,atrazine 1995 Chile , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Redroot Pigweed,,,,metribuzin 1984 Bulgaria Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Redroot Pigweed,,,,triazines 1980 France , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,Redroot Pigweed,,,,”triazines 1982 Switzerland Vineyard, Orchard “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,”common amaranth, redroot, redroot pigweed”,,,,Amaranthus retroflexus is in 60 crops in 70 countries.,,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Amaranthus,retroflexus, ,redroot pigweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amaranthus,rudis, ,Common waterhemp,,,,”imazethapyr 1993 USA Corn, Soybean “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Amaranthus,spinosus, ,”spiny amaranth, spiny pigweed”,,,,”tropical America, vegetables”,Fiji; Guam; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Amaranthus,spinosus,,needle burr,X,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,spinosus, ,Needle Burr,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,spinosus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,spinosus,syn ,”spiny pigweed, needle burr”,,,,”in open, not too dry places; very common; prefers good soils; up to 1800m alt.; up to 20 000 seeds/plant; upland rice fields, sometimes noxious, suspected of poisoning calves in Aust;sometimes eaten as a vegetable”,”unknown, pantropical; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Amaranthus,spinosus, ,spiny amaranth,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amaranthus,spinosus, ,Needle Burr,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Amaranthus,thunbergii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,thunbergii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Amaranthus,tricolor,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,viridis,,slender amaranth,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaranthus,viridis, ,,,,, ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Amaranthus,viridis, ,”green amaranth, prince of wales feather, green pigweed, “,,,,Amaranthus viridis is in 50 crops in more than 80 countries.,,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Amaranthus,viridis (=A.gracilis), ,”slender amaranth, green amaranth”,,,,”tropical America, vegetables, cabbage”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Wallis and Futuna ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Amaranthus,viridus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amaranthus,viridus, ,slender amaranth,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amaranthus ,hybridus, Amaranthus hypochondriacus,Smooth pigweed,,,,seeds kept moist at 3C for 1-3wks gave high germ % at alternating temps 20-30C with or without light,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Amaranthus ,inamoenus, ,,,,,diurnal alternation of 20-40C for 7days nearly complete germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Amaranthus ,retroflexus, ,Redroot pigweed,,,,”dormancy of fresh seed can be broken by 2-3min in conc. H2SO4; temps above 20C optimum 35-40C, alternating light dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Amaranthus ,spinosus, ,Spiny amaranth,,,,42% germ of dry stored seed at room temp for several mths after harvest; germ in continuous darkness in petri dishes,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Amaranthus ,viridis, ,Slender amaranth,,,,64% germ of moist seed with 24hrs light alternating 24hrs dark at room temp,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Brayulinea,densa, ,small matweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Celosia,argentea,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Celosia,argentea, ,,,,,43% germ of seed in moist sand after dry storage for several months,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Celosia,argentea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Celosia,argentea,syn ,quailgrass,,,,”roadsides, esp. after disturbance, building sites, quarries, riverbeds; up to 700m alt.; flowering Jan-Dec; upland & gogo rancah rice fields, can become a noxious weed in upland rice; a very bad weed in India, an inferior vegetable; seeds used as a poulti”,”Afr, pantropical; thoroughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Celosia,cristata,,cockscomb,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Celosia,cristata, ,cockscomb,,,,,,Weed Science List Celosia,cristata, ,cockscomb,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Celosia,trigyna, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Celosia,trigyna, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyathula,cylindrica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyathula,cylindrica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyathula,prostrata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyathula,prostrata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Digera,arvensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Digera,arvensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Digera,muricata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Digera,muricata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Froelichia,floridana,,”cottontails, Florida snake cotton, plain's snake cotton”,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Froelichia,floridana, ,”cottontails, Florida snake cotton, plain's snake cotton”,,,,”produces seed quickly with no dormancy, other than temp dependency, can result in rapid colonisation of affected areas; self limiting allelopathic system; plants unpalatable & have no feed value but eaten if there is little other feed”,”native of eastern N Amer, that does not seem to have become widely spread”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Froelichia,floridana, ,cottontails,,,,,,Weed Science List Froelichia,floridana, ,cottontails,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Froelichia,gracilis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Froelichia,gracilis, ,,,,,Region of origin - Amer; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Froelichia,gracilis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gomphrena,celosiodes, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gomphrena,celosioides,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gomphrena,celosioides, ,,,,, Seed Impurities , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Gomphrena,celosioides,syn ,S Amer,,,,”a weed of minor importance, dangerous to horses (PNG) causes 'coastal staggers' in Qld, “,”in Indonesia except Sumatra, Kalimantan & Sulawesi & in Singapore, on grassy roadsides, areas of high rainfall, locally abundant; 1-1300m alt.; flowering Jan-Dec; upland rice fields”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Gomphrena,decumbens, ,,,,,germ of seeds under a variety of conditions very slow & unsatisfactory for unkown reasona,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Guilleminea,densa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Guilleminea,densa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Iresine,rhizomatosa, ,bloodleaf,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Pupalia,lappacea,,sweethearts,Xw,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pupalia,lappacea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tidestromia,lanuginosa, ,woolly tidestromia,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amaryllidaceae Agapanthus,praecox,,African Lily,H,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Agapanthus,praecox,Agapanthus “orientalis”,Agapanthus,HXX,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Agapanthus,spp.,,agapanthus,H,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amaryllis,belladonna,,belladonna lily,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hymenocallis,caribaea,,spider lily,S,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hymenocallis,caribea, ,,,,,Region of origin - W Indies; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Leucojum,aestivum,,”summer snowflake, London lily”,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Narcissus,jonquilla,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Narcissus,papyraceus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Narcissus,papyraceus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Narcissus,pseudonarcissu, ,,,,,Region of origin - W Eur; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Narcissus,pseudonarcissus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Narcissus,pseudonarcissus, ,,,,,daughter bulbs develop rapidly in the mature adult bulb very efficient method of vegetative reproduction; seeds dormant for 6mths; pretreatment at low temps inc. germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Narcissus,pseudonarcissus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Narcissus,tazetta,,jonquil,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Narcissus,tazetta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Narcissus,x medioluteus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Nerine,filifolia,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Nerine,filifolia, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Pancratium,maritimum,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sternbergia,lutea,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Zephyranthes,atamasco, ,atamascolily,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Zephyranthes,candida,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Zephyranthes,drummondii,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Zephyranthes,grandiflora,,pink storm lily,S,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Anacardiaceae Anacardium,occidentale,,cashew nut,w,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Anacardium,occidentale, ,,,,,Region of origin - trop Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - agriculture - nuts,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Mangifera,indica,,mango,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Mangifera,indica, ,mango,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Mangifera,indica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pistacia,chinensis,,pistachio nut tree,S,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pistacia,chinensis, ,,,,,Region of origin - Afghanistan to Kashmir; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Rhus,aromatica, syn. Duckera,fragrant sumac,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhus,copallina, ,Shining sumac,,,,seeds with seed coat nipped germ 10% in 10days in light & 48% within 19days in dark; intact seeds did not germ within 28days in light/dark at 20-25C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Rhus,copallina, syn. Duckera,shining sumac,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhus,diversiloba, syn. Duckera,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rhus,diversiloba, syn. Duckera,Pacific poison oak,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhus,diversiloba, syn. Duckera,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Rhus,glabra,Duckera glabra?,smooth sumac,X,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Rhus,glabra, ,Smooth sumac,,,,seeds with seed coat nipped germ 48% in 18days in light & 28% within 14days in dark; intact seeds did not germ within 28days in light/dark at 20-25C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Rhus,glabra, ,smooth sumac,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Rhus,glabra, syn. Duckera,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rhus,glabra, syn. Duckera,smooth sumac,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhus,glabra, syn. Duckera,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Rhus,lanceolata, syn. Duckera,prairie sumac,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhus,laurina, syn. Duckera,laurel sumac,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhus,microphylla, syn. Duckera,littleleaf sumac,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhus,ovata, syn. Duckera,sugar sumac,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhus,radicans,Duckera,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Rhus,radicans, syn. Duckera,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rhus,radicans, syn. Duckera,poison ivy,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhus,radicans, syn. Duckera,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Rhus,succedanea, ,wax tree,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: moist forest and plantation margins, woodland, roadsidesCultivated for: ornament, wax from its berries, resin from its stems”,Origin: Asia ,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Rhus,succedanea, ,wax tree,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: moist forest and plantation margins, woodland, roadsidesCultivated for: ornament, wax from its berries, resin from its stems”,Origin: Asia ,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Rhus,taitensis, syn. Duckera,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rhus,toxicodendron, syn. Duckera,poison oak,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhus,trilobata, syn. Duckera,skunkbush sumac,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhus,typhina, syn. Duckera,staghorn sumac,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhus,vernix, syn. Duckera,poison sumac,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhus,virens, syn. Duckera,evergreen sumac,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhus ,ovata, ,Sugar sumac,,,,”90% germ when entire seed coat removed, 74% when whole drilled in seed coat & 2% when only 1st seed coat layer was removed; soaking in conc. sulfuric acid inc. germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Schinus,areia, ,Brazilian Pepper Tree ,,,,TREES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Schinus,areira,”Schinus molle, Schinus molle var. areira”,”Pepper tree, Californian pepper tree, pepper corn tree, pepperina”,HXw,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Schinus,molle, ,Pepper Tree,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,?animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,8,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Am,Mex and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Schinus,molle, ,pepper tree,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigation.Woody SpeciesInvades: grassland, shrubland, roadsides, wasteland, riverbanks, rocky outcropsCultivated for: ornament, shade; provides honey”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Schinus,molle, ,pepper tree,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigation.Woody SpeciesInvades: grassland, shrubland, roadsides, wasteland, riverbanks, rocky outcropsCultivated for: ornament, shade; provides honey”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Schinus,molle, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Schinus,molle, ,California peppertree,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Schinus,terebinthefolius, ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Schinus,terebinthifolia,,broad-leaf pepper tree,XXHwX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Schinus,terebinthifolia, ,,,,,”It is one of the worse weeds here in Hawaii. It invades pasture, hastoxins (related to poison ivy) and eventually overruns things here intropical conditions. S. molii is a different story. I don't think anyonehas any problems with it here....Mach Fu”,,Weed Science List Schinus,terebinthifolius, ,christmas berry,,,,”, waste areas, roadsides”,Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Marshall Islands; New Caledonia; American Samoa; Western Samoa ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Schinus,terebinthifolius, ,Brazilian Pepper ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Schinus,terebinthifolius, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Schinus,terebinthifolius, ,”Brazilian pepper, christmasberry”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Schinus,terebinthifolius, ,Brazilian pepper tree,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: woodland, coastal bush, roadsides, riverbanksCultivated for: ornament, shade, shelter, hedging; provides honey”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Schinus,terebinthifolius, ,Brazilian pepper tree,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: woodland, coastal bush, roadsides, riverbanksCultivated for: ornament, shade, shelter, hedging; provides honey”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Schinus,terebinthifolius, ,Brazil peppertree,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966It is one of the worse weeds here in Hawaii. It invades pasture, hastoxins (related to poison ivy) and eventually overruns things here intropical conditions. S. molii is a”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Schinus,terebinthifolius*,,Brazilian pepper,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.*P =Prohibited by Fl”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Spondias,purpurea, ,purple mombin,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Toxicodendron,radicans, ,Poison ivy # ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies)”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Toxicodendron,radicans, ,poison ivy,,,,,,Weed Science List Toxicodendron,radicans, ,poison ivy,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Toxicodendron,succedanea, ,Rhus ,,,,TREES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Toxicodendron,succedaneum,Rhus succedanea,”rhus, rhus tree, Japanese wax tree, scarlet rhus, sumac, wax tree”,X,LP,NSW; SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Toxicodendron,succedaneum, ,Rhus tree # ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies)”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Toxicodendron,succedaneum, ,poison ivy,,,,,,Weed Science List Toxicodendron,succedaneum, ,poison ivy,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Toxicodendron ,radicans,”Rhus radicans, Toxicodendron negundo”,poison ivy,E,L,SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Toxicodendron ,radicans,” Rhus radicans, Toxicodendron negundo”,poison ivy,,,,”sap of poison ivy causes severe dermatitis in humans; most animals, including cattle, horses, sheep, goats, pigs & birds are immune to posion ivy, & it provides a valuable harbour & food supply to wildlife & a harbour to vermin”,”native throughout USA, southern Canada from Quebect to British Columbia, Mex & Caribbean; introd to other countries because of its outstanding autumn-foliage colours”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Toxicodendron ,succedaneum, Rhus succedanea,”rhus, rhus tree, Japanese wax tree, scarlet rhus, sumac, wax tree”,,,,”rhus is an allergenic plant, its sap causing severe dermatitis, all parts of the plant are dangerous; resin remains active for long periods so that contact with affected tools, clothes etc many months after contamination may result in painful lesions”,”native of Japan, China & the Himalayan region, has spread as an ornamental to most warm-temp parts of the world”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Annonaceae Annona,glabra,,pond apple,Xw,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Annona,reticulata,,custard apple,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Annona,reticulata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Annona,senegalensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Annona,senegalensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Annona,squamosa,(prev. Annona reticulata?),,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Annona,squamosa, ,sugar-apple,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Anthericaceae Chlorophytum,comosum,Anthericum comosum,”spider lily, spider plant, ribbon plant”,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Apiaceae Actinotus,helianthi,,Flannel Flower,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Actinotus,helianthi, ,Flannel Flower,,,,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 2,”Introduced deliberately from: NSW, Qld and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Aegopodium,podagraria,,”goutweed, Bishop's weed, ground elder”,w,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aegopodium,podagraria, ,Ground Elder,,,,,”All Europe except Iberian Pen, S Italy, Greece, less in UK & Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Aegopodium,podagraria, ,goutweed,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Aegopodium,podagraria,, bishop's goutweed,Weed Status Uncertain - current information is inadequate to assess risk. Further analysis may be warranted.,,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Aegopodium,podagraria,,Common Name(s): Goutweed,"Avail nurseries, Weed Low Level Invasive ""Perennial, 3-11 dm high, flowers in white, dense clusters, 6-12 cm wide, stems erect, leaves with long petioles, biternate with 9 leaflets, 2.5-9 cm long biternate with 9 leaflets, 2.5-9 cm long ","Eurasia. Habitat: Roadsides, waste places, habitations"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Aegopodium,podagraria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aegopodium,podograria, ,bishops goatweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Aethusa,cynapium, ,Fool's Parsley,,,,,”All Europe, Asia Minor, rarer in Medit regions”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Aethusa,cynapium,Umbelliferae ,Fool's Parsley,,,,,”All Europe, Asia Minor, rarer in Medit regions”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Aethusa,cynapium, ,foolsparsley,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ammi,majus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ammi,majus, ,Bullwort,,,,,Southern to SW Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Ammi,majus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ammi,majus, ,greater ammi,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ammi,majus,syn ,Bishop's weed,,,,”Seeds are diuretic, carminative, tonic, digestive & stomachic, also used against asthma”,”Medit, Eur, W Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Ammi,visnaga,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ammi,visnaga, ,Toothpick Bullwort,,,,,Southern to SW Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Ammi,visnaga, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ammi,visnaga, ,toothpick ammi,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ammi,visnaga,syn Daucus visnaga,Toothpick,,,,”Dry mature umbel rays are used as toothpicks, seeds used as diuretic, carminative, stimulant, vasodilator, & antipasmodic. “,”Medit, W Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Anetheum,graveolens,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Anethum,graveolens, ,Dill,,,,,Scattered Mainland Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anethum,graveolens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Angelica,atropurpurea, ,purplestem angelica,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Angelica,sylvestris,,Common Name(s): Angelica,"Avail nurseries, Ornamental Potential Invasive ""4-10 feet high, flowers in white clusters, purple stem, erect, smooth compound leaves """,Europe. Habitat: Wetlands," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Anthriscus,caucalis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Anthriscus,sylvestris, ,Chervil ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Anthriscus,sylvestris, ,woodland beakchervil,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Apium,graveolens,,Celery,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Apium,graveolens, ,Celery,,,,”Dispersal: Water. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 9,11”,”Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Apium,graveolens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Apium,leptophyllum, ,wild celery,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966= Cyclospermum leptophyllum, Apium tenuifolium, Ciclospermum leptophyllum”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Apium,leptophyullum,syn A. tenuifolium,,,,,”gardens, lawns”,introduced from Amer into some warm temp. regions of the Old World,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Berula,erecta,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Berula,erecta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bifora,radians, ,,,,,,”Central Europe to Italy, less in North”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bifora,radians,Umbelliferae ,,,,,,”Central Europe to Italy, less in North”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bifora,testiculata,,”Bifora, carrot weed, Bird's eye”,,LP,SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bifora,testiculata, ,Small Coriander,,,,,Southern to SW Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bifora,testiculata, ,Bifora + n ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Movement prohibited on roads (Section 52(2) applies)”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Bifora,testiculata, ,”Bifora, carrot weed, Bird's eye”,,,,,,Weed Science List Bifora,testiculata, ,”Bifora, carrot weed, Bird's eye”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Blupleurum,lancifolium, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Blupleurum,rotundifolium, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Blupleurum,semicompositum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bowlesia,incana, ,hairy bowlesia,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Bunium,bulbocastanum, ,Great Pignut,,,,,UK though Central Europe to Italy & Greece,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bunium,bulbocastanum,Umbelliferae ,Great Pignut,,,,,UK though Central Europe to Italy & Greece,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bunium,bulbocastanum, ,Great Pignut,,P,,,UK though Central Europe to Italy & Greece,Western Australian Prohibited List Bupleurum,falcatum,”syn. B. chinensis,”,”Bupleurum, Chai Hu “,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Bupleurum,lancifolium,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bupleurum,lancifolium, ,False Thorow Wax,,,,B. protractum,”Central to South West Europe & UK, less in NW “,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bupleurum,rotundifolium, ,,,,,germ in presence of 0.03% soln GA on filter paper in darkness at 20-25C.,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Bupleurum,rotundifolium,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bupleurum,rotundifolium, ,Thorow Wax,,,,,Mainland Europe & UK except Denmark & NE,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bupleurum,rotundifolium,,hound's ear,,,,”RANK 3. “LESSER THREAT”Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Bupleurum,semicompositum,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carum,caryi, ,caraway,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Caucalis,platycarpos, ,Small Bur Parsley,,,,”C. lappula, C. daucoides”,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark & NE”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Caucalis,platycarpos,Umbelliferae ,Small Bur Parsley,,,,”C. lappula, C. daucoides”,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark & NE”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Centella,asiatica,syn Hydrocotyle asiatica,Indian penny wort,,,,”locally common in rather wet roadsides, earth banks, along ditches; locally gregarious; at about 0-2500m alt; flowering Jan-Dec; rainfed rice fields, rarely noxious, sometimes planted to prevent erosion; eaten raw or steamed as a vegetable “,”unknown, pantropical; througout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Centella,asiatica, ,Asiatic pennywort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ciclospermum,leptophyllum,Apium leptophyllum,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cicuta,douglasii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cicuta,douglasii, ,western waterhemlock,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cicuta,douglasii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cicuta,mackenzieana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cicuta,mackenzieana, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cicuta,maculata, ,Spotted water hemlock,,,,no germ of either freshly harvested or seeds stored for 6mths; germ at 21C in dark; GA treatments not successful,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cicuta,maculata, ,spotted waterhemlock,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cicuta,virosa,,cowbane,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cicuta,virosa, ,,,,,”seeds germ in 1st & 2nd springs after collection; seeds germ soon after harvest, exposed to temps similiar to those prevailing outdoors; seeds left in germinator until germ or rotted; 95-97% germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cicuta,virosa, ,cowbane,,,,,,Weed Science List Cicuta,virosa, ,cowbane,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Conium,chaerophylloides, ,,,P,,Prohibited by AQIS,,Western Australian Prohibited List Conium,maculatum,,”hemlock, carrot fern, poison-hemlock, poison parsley, spotted hemlock”,HXXAH,NLP,ACT; NSW; Vic; Qld; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Conium,maculatum,,poison-hemlock ,CLASS C WEED: Class C weeds are noxious weeds that are common throughout most of Washington. The following Class C weeds have been selected by the County Weed Board as priority weeds in King County and control is mandatory.,,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Conium,maculatum, ,Poison Hemlock ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Conium,maculatum, ,Hemlock,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Vegetative. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,8,13”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur, W As, N Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Conium,maculatum, ,Hemlock,,,,C. divaricatum,”All Europe, Asia, N & S America”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Conium,maculatum, ,”hemlock, carrot fern, poison-hemlock, poison parsley, spotted hemlock”,,,,”poisonous to both humans & stock, causing death by respiratory paralysis; cattle & pigs more susceptible than sheep & goats; cattle losses have been recorded in southern States of Aust & death of a child in Vic”,”native range is Eur, W Asia & N Afr from where it has spread to most temp areas of the world, often as an ornamental or medicinal plant; weed of neglected areas & some perennial crops in much of its native range; widespd in NAmer, important in S Amer & NZ”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Conium,maculatum, ,Poison-hemlock ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Conium,maculatum, ,poison hemlock,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Conium,maculatum, ,hemlock,,,,,,Weed Science List Conium,maculatum, ,”hemlock, wild carrot, wild parsnip, poison hemlock”,,,,”Conium maculatum inhabits roadsides, stream and river banks, pastures, woodlots, and waste areas; is a reported as a weed in N & S Amer, Eur, W Asia, Aust and NZ. It is a weed of nine crops in 34 countries and is a frequently reported pasture weed. The “,”Native to Eur, northern Afr and western Asia and was often introduced to new areas as an ornamental garden plant.”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Conium,maculatum, ,poison hemlock,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Conium,maculatum, ,hemlock,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Conium,maculatum,,poison hemlock,,,,”RANK 3. “LESSER THREAT”Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Coriandrum,sativum,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Coriandrum,sativum, ,Coriander,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark & NE”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Coriandrum,sativum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cryptotaenia,japonica, ,”Japanese Parsley, Mitsuba”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cymopterus,watsonii, ,spring parsley,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Daucus,aurens, ,,,,,,SW Europe in Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Daucus,aurens,Umbelliferae ,,,,,,SW Europe in Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Daucus,carota,,carrot wild ,"WEED OF CONCERN: Control and containment of existing populations of these noxious weeds is strongly encouraged in King County, Washington State.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Daucus,carota,,carrot,XX,NL,SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Daucus,carota, ,Wild carrot,,,,”84% germ in dark with alt. temps of 20-30C; dormancy due to endosperm covering tip of radicle, once removed or digested off germ % inc.”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Daucus,carota, ,Wild Carrot,,,,”D. gingidum, D. communis”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Daucus,carota, ,Wild Carrot,,,,”2,4-D 1957 Canada “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Daucus,carota, ,Wild Carrot,,,,”2,4-D 1993 USA Cropland, Roadside “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Daucus,carota, ,Queen Anne's Lace ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Daucus,carota, ,queen Anne's lace,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Daucus,carota, ,Carrot *c ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”, ,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Daucus,carota, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Daucus,carota, ,”carrot, wild carrot”,,,,”Daucus carota is a herbaceous plant, identical in nomenclature to the cultivated vegetable, carrots. It is a reported weed of 16 crops in more than 55 countries, but it is seldom a weed of cultivated fields.”,cosmopolitan distribution except for the warm tropics and arctic regions.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Daucus,carota, ,wild carrot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Daucus,carota,,”wild carrot, Queen Anne's lace”,,,,”RANK 3. “LESSER THREAT”Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Daucus,crinitus, ,,,,,,Spain & Portugal,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Daucus,crinitus,Umbelliferae ,,,,,,Spain & Portugal,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Daucus,pusillus, ,,,,,little or no germ of fresh seed; germ % inc. with inc. length of dry storage; germ at alt. temp 10-30C or 15-30C ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Eryngium,campestre,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eryngium,campestre, ,Field Eryngo,,,,E. latifolia,Mainland Europe & UK except Denmark & NE,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Eryngium,campestre, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eryngium,hookeri, ,Hooker eryngo,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eryngium,maritimum,,sea holly,w,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eryngium,maritimum, ,sea holly,,,,,,Weed Science List Eryngium,pandanifolium,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eryngium,sanguisorba, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eryngium,sanguisorba, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eryngium,yuccifolium, ,button snakeroot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Falcaria,vulgaris,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Falcaria,vulgaris, ,Longleaf,,,,”F. rivini, F. sioides”,”Mainland Europe, UK & S Sweden, less in Uk S Sweden & NW Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Falcaria,vulgaris, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Falcaria,vulgaris, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ferula,communis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ferula,communis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Foeniculum,vulgare,Foeniculum officinale,”fennel, aniseed, dill, anise, sweet anise”,HXXXXX,NL,Vic; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Foeniculum,vulgare, ,Fennel ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Foeniculum,vulgare, ,Fennel,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,8,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur,W As and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Foeniculum,vulgare, ,,,,,”F. capillaceum, F. officinale”,”UK, Eire & Mainland Europe except Denmark & NE”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Foeniculum,vulgare, Foeniculum officinale,”fennel, aniseed, dill, anise, sweet anise”,,,,grows mostly on neglected areas & doesnt est. in grazed pastures or cult. paddocks; once est. it excludes almost all other vegetation; grown for human consumption in parts of Eur & essential oils in Tas,”originated in southern Eur & western Asia & is regarded as a weed in parts of this range; widely dist. throughout temp world & now common in N & S Amer, & NZ”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Foeniculum,vulgare, ,Fennel ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Foeniculum,vulgare, ,fennel,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Foeniculum,vulgare, ,fennel,,,,,,Weed Science List Foeniculum,vulgare, ,common fennel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Heracleum,lehmannium, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Heracleum,mantegazzianum,,”giant hogweed, giant parsnip, cartwheel flower”,XS,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Heracleum,mantegazzianum, ,Giant hogweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Heracleum,mantegazzianum,,,terrestrial,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Heracleum,mantegazzianum,,hogweed giant,CLASS A WEED: Class A weeds are nonnative species with a limited distribution in Washington. Eradication of these species is mandatory in all of Washington State.,,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Heracleum,mantegazzianum, ,giant hogweed,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Heracleum,mantegazzianum, ,”giant hogweed, cartwheel-flower”,,P,,”Uses for taxon: Environmental: ornamental; Vertebrate poisons: mammals; Weed: potential seed contaminantCAB references suggest it is: -an alien weed species of riparian ecosystems along the rivers of County Durham, Uk -an escaped species establish”,”Asia-temperate: Georgia, Russian Federtion-Ciscaucasiawidely introduced & natuarlised”,Western Australian Prohibited List Heracleum,maximum, Heracleum lanatum,,,,,no germ of dry stored seeds tested within 1 yr of collection; prechilling wasn't tired,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Heracleum,maximum, ,common cowparsnip,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Heracleum,sphondylium, ,,,,,”some seed germ immediately after harvest, remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors;90% germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Heracleum,sphondylium, ,Hogweed,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Heracleum,sphondylium,Umbelliferae ,Hogweed,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Heracleum,sphondylium, ,hogweed cowparsnip,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hydrocotyle,americana, ,marsh pennywort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hydrocotyle,bonariensis,,”Pennywort, kurnell curse”,XXwX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hydrocotyle,bonariensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hydrocotyle,ramiflora, ,,,,, Weed in poor site , Miyagi Oita ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Hydrocotyle,ranunculoides,,”hydrocotyle, water pennywort”,Hw,GL,WA; SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hydrocotyle,ranunculoides, ,,,,,”Region of origin - Amers, Eur; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - unknwon”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Hydrocotyle,ranunculoides, ,Hydrocotyle,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Hydrocotyle,ranunculoides, ,Hydrocotyl,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Hydrocotyle,ranunculoides, ,Hydrocotyl,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hydrocotyle,sibthorpioides,”syn Hydrocotyle hirsuta, Hydrocotyle latisecta, Hydrocotyle punticulata, Hydrocotyle ranunculoides var. incisa, Hydrocotyle rotundifolia, Hydrocotyle splendens, Hydrocotyle zollinger”,,,,,”sunny or slightly shaded, damp, fertile locations along ditchbanks, between stones of pathways; locally abundant, from 1-1400m alt.; rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, eaten raw or steamed”,”Asia, Aust, tropical Asia, Afr(?), S Amer; everywhere in Malesia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Hydrocotyle,sibthorpioides, ,lawn pennywort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hydrocotyle,umbellata, ,water pennywort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hydrocotyle,verticillata, ,whorled pennywort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hydrocotyle,verticillata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hydrocotyle ,bonariensis, ,Pennywort,,,,”Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,11”,”S Am,N Am, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Leptotaenia,dissecta var. multifida, ,carrotleaf leptotaenia,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lomatium,dissectum, var. multifidum ,,,,,fresh seed dormant; cold stratification at 8C for 11mths highest germ %,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lomatium,grayi, ,,,,,44% germ at 15C in dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lomatium,leptocarpum, ,bicolor biscuitroot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lomatium,nudicaule, ,,,,,no germ under conditions tested; didn't use prechilling or 15C in dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Melanoselinum,decipiens,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Oenanthe,javanica, ,,,,,perennial , Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Oenanthe,pimpinelloides,,water dropwort,Xw,L,SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Oenanthe,pimpinelloides, ,,,,,Region of origin - W Medit; Extent of spread - 300 ha; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Oenanthe,pimpinelloides, ,Water dropwort # n ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mo”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Oenanthe,sarmentosa, ,,,,,”72% germ in dark with alt. temp of 20-30C, 56% with alt. light/dark & alt. temp 20-30C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Orlaya,grandiflora, ,,,,,Caucalis grandiflora,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark & NE”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Orlaya,grandiflora,Umbelliferae ,,,,,Caucalis grandiflora,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark & NE”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Orlaya,kochii, ,,,,,”O. platycarpos, Caucalis platycarpos”,Southern to Western Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Orlaya,kochii,Umbelliferae ,,,,,”O. platycarpos, Caucalis platycarpos”,Southern to Western Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Pastinaca,sativa,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pastinaca,sativa, ,Wild parsnip,,,,2mth old seed on blotters or sand in petri dishes at 20C:16hrs to 30C:8hrs with light; 75% germ of fresh seed with alt. every 2nd day from 30C in dark to 23C ing light 75ft-c;90% germ of dry stored seed & 95% germ of wet stored seed at 5C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Pastinaca,sativa, ,Wild Parsnip,,,,P. opoponax,”All Europe less in UK, Eire, Scandinavia, Denmark & NE Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Pastinaca,sativa, ,wild parsnip,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Pastinaca,sativa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pastinaca,sativa, ,wild parsnip,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Pastinaca,sativa,,parsnip,,,,”RANK 3. “LESSER THREAT”Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Petroselinum,crispum,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Petroselinum,crispum, ,Parsley,,,,,Cosmopolitan,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Petroselinum,crispum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Petroselinum,segetum, ,Corn Caraway,,,,,Western Europe & UK,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Petroselinum,segetum,Umbelliferae ,Corn Caraway,,,,,Western Europe & UK,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Pimpinella,saxifraga, ,,,,,seeds germ in 1st spring; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ; 91% germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Ridolfia,segetum, ,,,,,,SW Europe inc Greece & Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Ridolfia,segetum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ridolfia,segetum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sanicula,europaea, ,Sanicle,,,,seeds germ 95% in 1st spring; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until they germ or rotted ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scandix,australis, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Scandix,australis,Umbelliferae ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Scandix,pecten-veneris,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Scandix,pecten-veneris, ,Shepherd's Needle,,,,S. hispanica,”UK, Eire, S Sweden & Mainland Europe except Greece and NE “,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Scandix,pecten-veneris, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Scandix,pecten-veneris, ,shepherds-needle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Scandix,stellata, ,,,,,,”Greece, Spain & Portugal”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Scandix,stellata,Umbelliferae ,,,,,,”Greece, Spain & Portugal”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Selinum,lineare, ,,,,,100% germ of seed in 1st spring after collection; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Selinum,palustre, ,,,,,93% germ of seed in 1st spring after collection; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sium,angustifolium, ,,,,,seeds germ in 1st & 2nd spring; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted-total germ 96%,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sium,latifolium, ,,,,,seeds germ in 1st & 2nd spring; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted-total germ 90%,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sium,suave, ,waterparsnip,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Tordylium,aegyptiacum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tordylium,aegyptiacum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Tordylium,apulum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tordylium,apulum, ,,,,,Region of origin - Medit; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental?,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Tordylium,apulum, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Tordylium,apulum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tordylium,maximum, ,,,,,,”Central to Souther Europe, less in NW & UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Tordylium,maximum,Umbelliferae ,,,,,,”Central to Souther Europe, less in NW & UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Tordylium,officinale, ,,,,,,Greece & Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Tordylium,officinale,Umbelliferae ,,,,,,Greece & Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Torilis,arvensis,,Spreading Hedge-parsley,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Torilis,arvensis, ,,,,,Region of origin - Eurasia; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Torilis,arvensis,,hedgeparsley ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are non-native species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Torilis,arvensis, ,Spreading Hedge-parsley,,,,”Dispersal: animal external. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,8”,”Euras, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Torilis,arvensis, ,Spreading Hedge Parsley,,,,,”Mainland Europe & UK, except Denmark & NE”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Torilis,arvensis, ,Field hedge-parsley ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Torilis,arvensis,,hedge-parsley,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Torilis,japonica, Torilis anthriscus,Japanese hedgeparsley,,,,seeds germ in 1st & 2nd spring after harvest; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 99%,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Torilis,japonica, ,Japanese hedgeparsley,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Torilis,leptophylla, ,,,,,T. xanthotricha,”Central to Southern Europe, less in NE regions”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Torilis,leptophylla, ,,,,,T. xanthotricha,”Central to Southern Europe, less in NE regions”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Torilis,nodosa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Torilis,nodosa, ,Knotted Hedge Parsely,,,,,”Central & Southern Europe, UK & Eire, less in Central North”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Torilis,nodosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Turgenia,latifolia, ,Greater Bur Parsley,,,,Caicalis latifolia,”Central to Southern Europe, less in UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Turgenia,latifolia,Umbelliferae ,Greater Bur Parsley,,,,Caicalis latifolia,”Central to Southern Europe, less in UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Apocynaceae Allamanda,blanchetti,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Allamanda,cathartica,,Golden Trumpet,S,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Allamanda,cathartica, ,,,,,Region of origin - trop S Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Allamanda,cathartica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Alstonia,macrophylla,,devil-tree,,,,”Catergory II Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Apocynum,androsaemifolium, ,spreading dogbane,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Apocynum,cannabinum, ,Hemp dogbone,,,,44% germ in constant light at 20-25C in Petri dishes for 5-6 days; 72% germ when seed coat broken,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Apocynum,cannabinum, ,hemp dogbane,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Apocynum,sibiricum, ,prairie dogbane,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cascabela,thevetia,”Thevetia peruviana, T neriifolia”,yellow oleander,w,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Catharanthus,roseus,,”pink pewriwinkle, vinca”,XXXw,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Catharanthus,roseus, ,Madagascar periwinkle,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Catharanthus,roseus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chonemorpha,fragrans,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lochnera,pusilla, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lochnera,pusilla, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Mandevilla,laxa,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Mandevilla,laxa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Nerium,oleander,,oleander,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Nerium,oleander, ,oleander,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Nerium,oleander, ,oleander,,,,”Proposed Declared Invader. Woody SpeciesInvades: rocky and gravelly watercourses in semi-arid mountain valleysCultivated for: ornament, screening”,Origin: Europe (Medit),Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Nerium,oleander, ,oleander,,,,”Proposed Declared Invader. Woody SpeciesInvades: rocky and gravelly watercourses in semi-arid mountain valleysCultivated for: ornament, screening”,Origin: Europe (Medit),Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ochrosia,parviflora,,kopsia,,,,”Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Plumeria,spp.,,frangipani,S,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Rauvolfia,tetraphylla,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tabernaemontana,fuchsiaefolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tabernaemontana,fuchsiaefolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Thevetia,peruviana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Vinca,major,,blue periwinkle,HXXXAX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Vinca,major, ,Periwinkle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Vinca,major, ,Blue Periwinkle,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative/Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4,5,6,8,13”,”Introduced deliberately from: Med and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Vinca,major, ,Blue Periwinkle ,,,,GROUNDCOVERS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Vinca,major, ,”bigleaf periwinkle, large periwinkle, vinca”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Vinca,major, ,periwinkle,,,,,,Weed Science List Vinca,major, ,bigleaf periwinkle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Vinca,major,,large periwinkle,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Vinca,major,,periwinkle; vinca ,Mostly near old homesites. Completely dominates understories.,,Noxious Invasive Vegetation of the Willamette Valley: Native Plant Society of Oregon. weed Vinca,minor,,"Common Name(s):Periwinkle, Myrtle","Avail nurseries, Ornamental Low Level Invasive , Additional Comments : Excludes other species and prevents regeneration ""Perennial, 30-60 cm high, flowers blue/purple or white, 25-30 mm, leaves 25-40 mm long, elliptic, lanceolate, very short-stemm","Eurasia. Habitat: Moist rich soils, lawns, roadsides, waste places"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Vinca,minor,,periwinkle; vinca ,Mostly near old homesites. Completely dominates understories.,,Noxious Invasive Vegetation of the Willamette Valley: Native Plant Society of Oregon. weed Vinca,minor, ,Lesser periwinkle ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Vinca,minor, ,”common periwinkle, vinca”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Vinca,minor, ,periwinkle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Vinca,minor,,common periwinkle,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Aponogeton,abyssinicus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aponogetonaceae Aponogeton,abyssinicus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Aponogeton,abyssinicus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Aponogeton,distachyos, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aponogeton,distachyos, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Aponogeton,distachyos,,Cape Water-hawthorn,HX,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aponogeton,distachyos, ,Cape Water-hawthorn,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Vegetative. Life Form: Emergent aquatic(Perennial herb). RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 10”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Aponogeton,elongatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aponogeton,monostachyon, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aponogeton,monostachyon, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Aponogeton,natans, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Aponogeton,rigidifolius, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Aquifoliaceae Ilex,ambigua, ,Carolina holly,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ilex,aquifolium, ,holly,,,,,,Weed Science List Ilex,aquifolium, ,holly,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ilex,aquifolium,,holly,HXXXAS,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ilex,aquifolium,,English holly ,Appears regularly in forest understories.,,Noxious Invasive Vegetation of the Willamette Valley: Native Plant Society of Oregon. weed Ilex,aquifolium, ,English Holly ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Ilex,aquifolium, ,Holly,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,?animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,7,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Ilex,aquifolium, ,English holly ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Ilex,aquifolium, ,English holy,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Ilex,decidua, ,deciduous yaupon,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ilex,glabra, ,gallberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ilex,opaca, ,American holly,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ilex,vomitoria, ,yaupon,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Araceae Acornus,calamus, ,sweetflag,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Alocasia,brisbanensis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Arisaema,triphyllum, ,,,,,82% germ of 3-4mth old seed planted late in autumn in glasshouse germ over 34-92 days after planting; Petri dish 96% germ at 20-25C in either light or dark for 57-63 days ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Arisarum,vulgare,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Arisarum,vulgare, ssp. vulgare,,,,,Region of origin - Medit; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Arisarum,vulgare, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Arum,italicum,,Italian Cuckoo-pint,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Arum,italicum, ,Italian Cuckoo-pint,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,Vegetative. Life Form: Tuberous geophyte. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,6,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Arum,italicum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Arum,neglectum, ,,,,,,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Arum ,maculatum, ,,,,,”1st leaf doesn't appear above soil surface until the 3rd year after seed germ, & the tuber, once formed, is pulled deeper intothe ground each season by contractile roots”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Calla,palustris, ,,,,,”stored seed 5-7mths in water at 1-3C good germ in diffuse light at room temp greenhouse (18-21Cday, 13-16Cnight); 65% germ within 18 days of dry seed when seed coat cut open”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Calocasia,esculenta,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Colocasia,esculenta,,wild taro,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Colocasia,esculentum, ,”dasheen, elephant' ear, wild taro, cocc yam”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Epipremnum,pinnatum,cv. Aureum,pothos,,,,”Catergory II Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Orontium,aquaticum, ,Goldenclub,,,,92% germ of seed stored in tap water in dark at 1-3C for 2-5mths then germ in tap water in diffuse light in greenhouse; seeds stored in tap water in lab germ 86% within 6days,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Orontium,aquaticum, ,goldenclub,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Peltandra,virginica, ,Arrow arum,,,,”5-7mths storage in water at 1-3C, then germ in jars of tap water in diffuse light on greenhouse bench”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Peltandra,virginica, ,arrowarum,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Phoenix,dactylifera, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Phoenix,reclinata, ,Senegal date palm,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Phoenix,reclinata,,reclining date palm,,,,”Catergory II Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Pinellia,ternata, ,crowdipper,,,,”Pinellia ternata is listed in Japan as X - present as weed (the species is present & behaves as a aweed, but its rank of importance is unknown)”,”Japan, China, Korea”,Holm et al 'A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds' Pinellia,ternata, ,crowdipper,,,,,,Weed Science List Pinellia,ternata, ,crowdipper,,,,perennial sub-dominance , Upland Korea Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Pinellia,ternata, ,crowdipper,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pistia,stratioites, ,Water lettuce,,,,plants grown in plastic buckets in greenhouse with either soil or a nutrient soln,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Pistia,stratioites, ,waterlettuce,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Pistia,stratiotes, ,water lettuce,,,,”, clogging waterways”,French Polynesia; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Pistia,stratiotes, ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Pistia,stratiotes,,water lettuce,XH,NL,NSW; Qld; NT; WA; Tas; ACT,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pistia,stratiotes, ,water lettuce,,,,”potentially a very serious weed of freshwater lakes, rivers & canals, impeding traffic & interferring with water flow & recreational activities”,”Africa, southern Asia, southern USA & Caribbean, scattered in S Amer, India & Netherlands, rare in Pacific Is, present in Hawaii & NZnaturalised on coastal plains E & SW of Darwin NT; scattered colonies occursin the Darling Downs & Leichhardt in Qld; eas”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Pistia,stratiotes, ,water lettuce,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Pistia,stratiotes, ,water lettuce,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration. Biocontrol: effective agents availableHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: dams, pans, slow-moving rivers, in subtropical regionsCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Pistia,stratiotes, ,water lettuce,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration. Biocontrol: effective agents availableHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: dams, pans, slow-moving rivers, in subtropical regionsCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Pistia,stratiotes, ,water lettuce,,,,,,Weed Science List Pistia,stratiotes,syn ,”water lettuce, tropical duckweed”,,,,”floating in stagnant or slowly flowing fresh water, ponds, tidal areas; may become an important constituent of a sudd (a dense aggregation of a free-floating vegetation); from 0-1000m alt.;lwoland irrigated & lebak rice fields; Pistia performs best at pH “,”uncertain, pantropcial,very widely distributed; everywhere in Indonesia, except Kalimantan & the Lesser Sunda Is”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Pistia,stratiotes, ,water lettuce,,P,,Newspaper artcile in Elders Weekly (Aug 98) of Water Lettuce Find at Airport prompoted a member of the public to phone in and tell us he had sold heaps of the plant from his shop in 1975! Very popular as it was a good multiplier!!,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pistia,stratiotes*,,water lettuce,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.*P =Prohibited by Flo”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Symplocarpus,foetidus, ,skunkcabbage,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Syngonium,podophyllum,,”arrowhead plant, goosefoot plant”,w,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Syngonium,podophyllum,,arrowhead vine,,,,”Catergory II Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Typhonium,trilobatum,”syn Typhonium divaricatum, Typhonium javanicum”,,,,,”sunny to light-shaded, mostly humid places, roadsides, lawns, fields, gardens, open forests, sometimes common, but scattered; form 0-1000m alt.; flowering jan-Dec; upland & gogo rancah rice fields, a weed of minor importance, used as a medicine (with vine”,”unknown, pantropcial; everywhere in Indonesia, except in Kalimantan, the Lesser Sunda Is & Irian Jaya”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Xanthosoma,sagittifolium,,”melanga, elephant ear”,,,,”Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Xanthosoma,violaceum,,blue taro,S,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Zantedeschia,aethiopica,Calla aethiopica,”arum lily, calla lily”,HXXH,NL,WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Zantedeschia,aethiopica, ,White Arum Lily,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,Water,Vegetative. Life Form: Tuberous geophyte. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,8,9,10,13”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Zantedeschia,aethiopica, Calla aethiopica,”arum lily, calla lily”,,,,,”native of Africa”“nat. in parts of coastal NSW, esp. far South Coast in southern-central & SWdist. of Vic, the mosit valleys of Adelaide Hills in SA, NW Tas; serious weed of lower SW of WA between Armadale & Margaret River Dist.”““,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Zantedeschia,aethiopica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Zantedeschia,aethiopica, ,arum lily,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Zantedeschia,aethiopica, ,arum lily,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Araliaceae Aralia,spinosa, ,devils-walkingstick,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hedera,helix,,Common Name(s): English Ivy,"Avail nurseries, Ornamental Low Level Invasive ""Small yellow flowers, leaves alternate, simple ""","Europe. Habitat: Fields, old gardens, urban areas"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Hedera,helix,,English ivy ,Completely overruns forest understories and riparian areas. An immense and expensive problem. Avoid it like the plague (which it is!).,,Noxious Invasive Vegetation of the Willamette Valley: Native Plant Society of Oregon. weed Hedera,helix,,”ivy, English ivy”,HXXXAwH,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hedera,helix, ,English Ivy ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Hedera,helix, ,Ivy,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,Vegetative. Life Form: Perennial herbc. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 5,6,7,8,12,13”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Hedera,helix, ,English ivy ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Hedera,helix, ,English ivy,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Hedera,helix, ,ivy,,,,,,Weed Science List Hedera,helix, ,English ivy,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hedera,helix,,English ivy,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Polycias,tricochleata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Polyscias,sambucifolia,,elderberry panax,H,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Schefflera,actinophylla,,”Queensland umbrella tree, Australian ivy palm”,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Schefflera,actinophylla, ,Umbrella Tree ,,,,Major WeedTREES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Schefflera,actinophylla, ,”Queensland umbrella tree, octupus tree”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Schefflera,actinophylla, ,Queensland Umbrella Tree,,,,Trees/Shrubs.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Schefflera,actinophylla,,schefflera ,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Tetrapanax,papyrifer,,”aralia, ricepaper plant”,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tetrapanax,papyrifer, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Araucariaceae Araucaria,heterophylla, ,,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Araucaria,heterophylla, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Arecaceae Areacastrum,romanzoffianum, = Syagrus romanzoffianum,Cocos or Queen Palm,,,,Major WeedTREES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Caryota,mitis,,fishtail palm,S,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cocos,nucifera,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cocos,nucifera, ,coconut,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Phoenix,canariensis,,Canary Islands date palm,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Phoenix,canariensis, ,,,,,Region of origin - Canary Isands; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Phoenix,canariensis, ,Canary Islands Date Palm,,,,Dispersal: Water. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,”Introduced deliberately from: Canary Is and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Phoenix,dactylifera,,date palm,H,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Phoenix,sylvestris,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sabal,mexicanum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sabal,mexicanum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sabal,minor, ,dwarf palmetto,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sabal,palmetto,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sabal,palmetto, ,cabbage palmetto,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Serenoa,repens, ,saw palmetto,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Syagrus,romanzoffianum,Arecastrum romanzoffianum,”cocos palm, Queen palm”,w,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Syagrus,romanzoffianum, ,Cocos Palm ,,,,Trees/Shrubs.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Trachycarpus,fortunei,,Chusan fan palm,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Trachycarpus,fortunei, ,,,,,Region of origin - subtrop Asia; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Trachycarpus,fortunei, ,Chusan Fan Palm,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8”,”Introduced deliberately from: Ch and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Washingtonia,filifera, ,Cotton Palm,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 11”,”Introduced deliberately from: N Am and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Washingtonia,filifera,,cotton palm,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Washingtonia,filifera, ,,,,,”Region of origin - SE USA, Mexico; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread ornamental”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Washingtonia,robusta,,Washington fan palm,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Washingtonia,robusta, ,,,,,Region of origin - N Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia,bracteata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aristolochia,bracteata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Aristolochia,clematis, ,Birthwort,,,,,”Mainland Europe, UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Aristolochia,clematitis,,birthwort,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aristolochia,clematitis, ,birthwort,,,,,,Weed Science List Aristolochia,clematitis, ,birthwort,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Aristolochia,elegans,,Dutchman's pipe,XXS,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aristolochia,elegans, ,Duchman's Pipe ,,,,VINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Aristolochia,elegans, ,Duchman's Pipe ,,,,Vines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Aristolochia,elegans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aristolochia,floribunda,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aristolochia,littoralis,,calico flowers,,,,”Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Aristolochia,longa, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Aristolochia,longa, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Aristolochia,maurorum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aristolochia,maurorum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Aristolochia,ringens,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aristolochia,rotunda, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Aristolochia,rotunda, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Asclepiadaceae Ampelamus,albidus, ,honeyvine milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Araujia,hortorum, ,Mothvine ,,,,VINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Araujia,hortorum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Araujia,hortourm, ,White Bladder-flower,,,,”Dispersal: ?Water,Wind. Life Form: Vine. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,8,”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Am, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Araujia,sericifera,Araujia hortorum,”White Bladder-flower, moth plant, moth vine”,XXHXw,NL,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Araujia,sericifera, ,moth catcher,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: forest clearings, woodland, plantations, wasteland, urban open space, watercourses, wooded kloofs.Cultivated for: ornament”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Araujia,sericifera, ,moth catcher,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: forest clearings, woodland, plantations, wasteland, urban open space, watercourses, wooded kloofs.Cultivated for: ornament”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Araujia,sericiflora, ,Mothvine ,,,,Vines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Araujia,sericofera, ,Bladderflower ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Asclepias,curassavica,,”redhead cotton bush, bloodflower milkweed, bloodflower”,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Asclepias,curassavica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Asclepias,curassavica, ,”red head cottonbush, blood flower, redhead, butterfly weed”,,,,”Weed of roadsides, pastures and waste areas. It is cultivated in gardens in Israel and the Sudan.”,”tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, Australia and Asia, less frequent in Africa”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Asclepias,curassivica, ,bloodflower milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Asclepias,eriocarpa, ,woollypod milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Asclepias,fascicularis, ,Mexican whorled milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Asclepias,galioides, ,poison milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Asclepias,incarnata, ,Swamp milkweed,,,,”recently harvested seed germ well, air dry seed maintains high viability for 7yrs when stored in airtight sealed jars at room temp”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Asclepias,incarnata, ,swamp milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Asclepias,labriformis, ,labriform milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Asclepias,latifolia, ,broadleaf milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Asclepias,mexicana, ,Mexican milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Asclepias,ovalifolia, ,dwarf milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Asclepias,rostrata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Asclepias,rotundifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Asclepias,speciosa, ,Showy milkweed,,,,”95% of seed sown in field in autumn of same year it was produced, germ next spring & summer;”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Asclepias,speciosa, ,showy milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Asclepias,spp., ,,,,,partial seed coat removal required; germ of fresh seed low,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Asclepias,subverticillata, ,western whorled milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Asclepias,syriaca,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Asclepias,syriaca, Asclepias cornuti,Common milkweed,,,,”fresh seed poor germ, must be stored at least 4mths; Holding scarified moist seed at 10C for 5 days before alternating temps of 20-30C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Asclepias,syriaca, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Asclepias,syriaca, ,common milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Asclepias,syriaca, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Asclepias,tuberosa, ,Butterfly milkweed,,,,90% germ with cold stratification for 71 days; germ over period of 21 to 49 days after transfer to greenhouse ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Asclepias,tuberosa, ,butterfly milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Asclepias,verticillata, ,eastern whorled milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Calotropis,gigantea,,calotropis,w,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Calotropis,gigantea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Calotropis,procera,,”calotropis, rubber bush, Indian milkweed, king's crown kapok, rubber tree”,XXHH,NL,NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Calotropis,procera, Calotropis procera,”calotropis, rubber bush, Indian milkweed, king's crown kapok, rubber tree”,,,,forms dense thickets on alluvial flats & quickly spreads to adjacent run down pasture; reduces grazing potential & hinders mustering; cattle graze calotropis extensively during dry season,”native of Afro-Asian region, particularly monsoonal dist; occurs in arc ext. from coast of Senegal & Mauritania in NW Afr, through Arabian Penisula, Afg & Pak into India; introd to subtrop Amer & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Calotropis,procera, ,”calotropis, rubber bush”,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Calotropis,procera, ,”calotropis, rubber bush”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cryptostegia,grandiflora, ,rubber vine,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Cryptostegia,grandiflora,,”rubber vine, rubbervine”,XHH,L,Qld; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cryptostegia,grandiflora, ,”rubber vine, rubbervine”,,,,”rubber vine has an ability to climb over & smother tall trees & to extend into run down pastures; forms dense thickets, particularly along watercourses restricting access to water, reduce grazing capacity & inc. mustering problems; highly toxic to stock”,”native of south west Madagascar; introd to most trop & subtrop regions by man, either as potential source of rubber or as an ornamental; now nat. in E Afr, Morocco, Mauritius, India, SE Asia, Mex & USA, C & S Amer, West Indies, New Caledonia, Fiji & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cryptostegia,grandiflora, ,”rubber vine, rubbervine”,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Cryptostegia,grandiflora, ,Palay rubbervine,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cryptostegia,grandiflora, ,”rubber vine, rubbervine”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cryptostegia,madagascariensis,,rubbervine,HHS,GL,WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cryptostegia,madagascariensis,,rubbervine,HX,L,WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cryptostegia,madagascariensis, ,,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Cryptostegia,madagascariensis, ,,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cryptostegia,madagascariensis,,rubber vine,,,,”Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Cynanchum,acutum,syn ,,,,,”moist waste ground, Nile and canal banks”,”Medit, Eur, W Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Cynanchum,compactum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cynanchum,madagascariense, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cynanchum,marnieranum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cynanchum,napiforme, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cynanchum,nigrum, ,black swallowwort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cynanchum,nigrum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cynanchum,nigrum,,"Dog-strangling vine, Black swallowort","Avail nurseries, Usage : Highly Invasive ""Perennial, 5-15 dm high, 5 lobed purple flowers, stems twining, leaves opposite, simple, petioled, 8 cm long Invasive Potential : H ""","Europe. Habitat: Old fields, pastures, fence rows, waste places"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Cynanchum,perrieri, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cynanchum,rossicum, ,European swallow wort,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Cynanchum,vincetoxicum, ,white swallowwort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gomphocarpus,cancellatus,”Asclepias cancellata, Asclepias rotundifolia”,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gomphocarpus,fruticosus,”Asclepias fruticosus, Asclepias arborescens”,”narrow leaf cotton bush, balloon cotton, cape cotton, duck bush, milkweed, narrow-leaved cotton-bush, swan plant, wild cotton”,XXXHX,NL,WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gomphocarpus,fruticosus,syn Asclepias fruticosa,,,,,germ of seed strongly stimulated by diurnal alt. in temp,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Gomphocarpus,fruticosus,” Asclepias arborescens, Asclepias fruticosa”,”narrow leaf cotton bush, balloon cotton, cape cotton, duck bush, milkweed, narrow-leaved cotton-bush, swan plant, wild cotton”,,,,”grows in dense patches which reduces grazing capacity; toxic - kills cattle & sheep & pigs, unpalatable when green, though contamination in dry fodder causes problems”,”native of S Afr & Ethiopia; introd as garden plants have become nat. in most of the warmer regions of the world, including Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Gomphocarpus,fruticosus, ,narrow leaf cotton bush,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Gomphocarpus,fruticosus,syn Asclepias fruiticosa,narrow leaf cotton bush,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Gomphocarpus,physocarpus,Asclepias physocarpa,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gomphocarpus,physocarpus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gomphocarpus,physocarpus, ,gomphocarpus,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gonolobus,carolinensis, ,hairy milkvine,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gonolobus,gonocarpos, ,anglepod milkvine,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hoya,serpens,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Metaplexis,japonica, ,,,,, Weed in poor site ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Orbea,variegata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Oxypetalum,coeruleum,Tweedia coerulea,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Oxystelma,alpini,syn O. esculentum,,,,,”Nile and canal banks, on Phragmites australis and other plants”,Arid and semiarid regions of Afr and Asia,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Sarcostemma,cyanchoides, ,climbing milkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Stapelia,grandiflora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Stapelia,variegata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tweedia,coerulea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Vincetoxicum,nigrum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Asparagaceae Asparagus,africanus,Protasparagus africanus,”climbing asparagus, asparagus fern”,XS,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Asparagus,africanus, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Asparagus,asparagoides,”Myrsiphyllum asparagoides, Asparagus medeoloides, Dracaena medeoloides, Elachanthera sewelliae, Luzuriaga sewelliae, Medeola asparagoides”,”bridal creeper, bridal veil creeper, baby smilax”,HHXHHX,NL,SA; Tas; SA; NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Asparagus,asparagoides,”Myrsiphyllum asparagoides, syn, Asparagus medeoloides, Dracaena medeoloides, Elachanthera sewelliae, Luzuriaga sewelliae, Medeola asparagoides”,”bridal creeper, bridal veil creeper”,,,,competes with & replaces natural vegetation,”native of S Afr, introd as ornamental to other parts of world”“nat. in Vic scattered through much of the State, orchard & citrus groves along the Murray River, present at minor weed on the Central Coast & the SW slopes of plains of NSW & SW of WA, is a pr”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Asparagus,asparagoides,Myrsiphyllum asparagoides,bridal creeper,,,,,,Weed Science List Asparagus,asparagoides,Myrsiphyllum asparagoides,bridal creeper,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Asparagus,declinatum,syn. Myrsiphyllum,,,,,,,Weed Science List Asparagus,declinatus,”Myrsiphyllum declinatum, Asparagus crispus”,”asparagus fern, bridal vale”,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Asparagus,densiflorus,”Protasparagus densiflorus, P. aethiopicus, P. densiflorus, Asparagopsis densiflora, Asparagus aethiopicus, A. myriocladus, A. sarmentosus, A. sprengeri”,”asparagus fern, sperengi fern, Protasparagus, Sprenger's asparagus”,XHXwX,NLP,”NSW, Lord howe Is.”,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Asparagus,densiflorus, ,asparagus fern,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Asparagus,densiflorus,,asparagus fern,,,,”Catergory I Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Asparagus,medeoloides,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Asparagus,officinalis,,Asparagus,HX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Asparagus,officinalis, ,Asparagus,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,?animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Tuberous geophyte. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,8,12,13”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur, W As and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Asparagus,officinalis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Asparagus,plumosus,”Protasparagus plumosus, Asparagopsis setacea, Asparagus setaceus “,asparagus fern,XXX,NLP,”NSW, Lord Howe Is. “,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Asparagus,scandens,Myrsiphyllum scandens,asparagus fern,XXH,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Asparagus,scandens,syn. Myrsiphyllum,,,,,,,Weed Science List Asparagus,setaceus,Protasparagus setaceus,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Asparagus,spp.,syn. Myrsiphyllum,Bridal creeper ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) M”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Asparagus,virgatus,Protasparagus virgatus,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Protasparagus,aethiopicus, = Asparagus,Ground Asparagus ,,,,Major WeedGROUNDCOVERS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Protasparagus,aethiopicus,” = Asparagus, syn. Asparagopsis densiflora, Asparagus aethiopicus, Asparagus densiflorus, Asparagus myriocladus, Asparagus sarmentosus, Asparagus sprengeri, Protasparagus densiflorus”,”asparagus fern, sprengeris fern, fern asparagus”,,,,”a prostrate species which forms a dense mat of rhizomes & string-like roots bearing tubers-competely suppresses other species; little importance as agric. weed, usually occuring on abandoned garden sites & in native bushland”,”native of S Afr, found mainly on coast & adjacent parts of the Cape & Natal Provinces; introd to many parts of world as a garden plantintrod to Aust & cultivated extensively as ornamental; occurs as garden escape in open woodlands close to coastal urban “,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Protasparagus,aethiopicus, = Asparagus,Ground Asparagus ,,,,Major WeedGround Covers.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Protasparagus,aethiopicus, = Asparagus,asparagus fern,,,,,,Weed Science List Protasparagus,aethiopicus, = Asparagus,asparagus fern,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Protasparagus,africanus, = Asparagus,Climbing Asparagus ,,,,Major WeedVINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Protasparagus,africanus, = Asparagus,Climbing Asparagus ,,,, Major Threat Vines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Protasparagus,africanus, = Asparagus,,,,,,,Weed Science List Protasparagus,densiflorus, = Asparagus,Protasparagus,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal. Life Form: Tuberous geophyte. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 2”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Protasparagus,densiflorus, = Asparagus,,,,,,,Weed Science List Protasparagus,plumosus, = Asparagus,Asparagus Fern ,,,,Major WeedVINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Protasparagus,plumosus,” = Asparagus syn. Asparagopsis setacea, Asparagus plumosus, Asparagus setaceus “,”ferny asparagus, climbing asparagus fern”,,,,”climbing plant, needs shelter & support for max growth; quickly climbs over understorey shrubs into forest canopy & hangs in long loops from branch to branch; can smother whole trees”,”native of southern Afr, occurs in an arc from the SW of Cape Province, through Natal & Transvaal into Zimbabwe & Tanzania; introd to many countries as an ornamental”“present in many old established gardens of eastern Australia, occuring as a weed in Qld, “,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Protasparagus,plumosus, = Asparagus,Asparagus Fern ,,,, Major Threat Vines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Protasparagus,plumosus, = Asparagus,ferny asparagus,,,,,,Weed Science List Protasparagus,plumosus, = Asparagus,ferny asparagus,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Protasparagus,setaceus, = Asparagus,,,,,,,Weed Science List Protasparagus,virgatus, = Asparagus,,,,,,,Weed Science List Asphodelaceae Asphodelus,fistulosus,Asphodelus tenuifolius,”onion weed, asphodel, hollow-stemmed asphodel, wild onion”,HXXX,NL,NSW; Vic; NT; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Asphodelus,sp.,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Kniphofia,uvaria,,red-hot poker,XXS,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Kniphofia,uvaria, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamentat,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Trachyandra,divaricata,,,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Asteraceae Acanthospermum,australe,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Acanthospermum,australe, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acanthospermum,australe, ,Paraguay starbur,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acanthospermum,hispidum,,”star burr, goat's head, bristly star bur, upright star burr”,XX,LP,NT,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Acanthospermum,hispidum, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Acanthospermum,hispidum, ,”star burr, goat's head, bristly star bur, upright star burr”,,,,”in norther Aust problem in tobacco, maize, sorghum & pastures; reduces pasture yield & in dense patches available grazing area; burrs serious contaminant of wool & injure animals; also cause poisoning, 2.4% of KNO3 on dry matter basis”,”native of trop. S Amer & now is widely spread throughout the trop & subtrop; occurs as serious weed of crops in Bolivia, Brazil, Afr, India, Madagascar, Mauritius, Caribbean, Indo, PNG, southern USA & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Acanthospermum,hispidum, ,”star burr, goat's head”,,,,,,Weed Science List Acanthospermum,hispidum,syn ,”bristly sandbur, starbur, upright sandbur”,,,,”on poorer types of grassland & in all kinds of arable land; in Java & Timor, along roads & in fallow fields, in areas with a pronounced dry season; up to 1300m alt.; upland & rainfed rice fields, in Afr increasing its area rapidly & also becoming noxious “,”S Amer, pantropical; in Indonesia, in E Java, the Lesser Sundan Is & Irian Jaya, as far as known; in Afr, it is a fairly recent introd”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Acanthospermum,hispidum, ,”star burr, bristly star bur, goathead, Texas cockspur, upright starabur”,,,,,”Native to tropical Amer, but is now widely distributed in tropical & subtropical areas of the world, occurring in nearly 40 countries & causing serious control problems in many crops”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Acanthospermum,hispidum, ,bristly starbur,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acanthospermum,hispidum, ,”star burr, goat's head”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acanthostyles,buniifolius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acanthostyles,buniifolius, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Achillea,distans,,,S,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Achillea,distans,,tansyleaf milfoil,S,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Achillea,distans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Achillea,lanulosa, ,Western yarrow,,,,80% germ at room temp (22-290C) on sterile moist cellucotton in petri dishes,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Achillea,lanulosa, ,western yarrow,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Achillea,millefolium,,Yarrow,XAX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Achillea,millefolium, ,Yarrow,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,8,15”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Achillea,millefolium, ,Common yarrow,,,,”80% germ in darkness in alternating temps of 20-300C, min temp 2-50C, max temp greater than 400C optimum temp 20-350C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Achillea,millefolium, ,Yarrow,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Achillea,millefolium, ,yarrow,,,,,,Weed Science List Achillea,millefolium, ,common yarrow,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Achillea,ptarmica,,”sneezewort, adder's tounge, wildfire”,w,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Achillea,ptarmica, ,sneezewort,,,,,,Weed Science List Achillea,tomentosa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Achillea,tomentosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acroptilon,repens,”Acroptilon picris, Centaurea picris, Centaurea repens”,”creeping knapweed, hardheads, hardhead thistle, blue weed, Russian centaurea, Russian knapweed”,XX,LP,NSW; Vic; SA; NT; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Acroptilon,repens, ,Russian Knapweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Acroptilon,repens,” Acroptilon picris, Centaurea picris, Centaurea repens”,”creeping knapweed, hardheads, hardhead thistle, blue weed, Russian centaurea, Russian knapweed”,,,,”one of the most competitive of all weeds & agric. land in California; dense patches 100-300 shoots/sq.m, virtually exclude all other sp. & can reduce crop yields by 75-100% resulting in paddocks abandoned & no longer cropped”,”originated near Capsian Sea in Asia Minor, Afgh & Mongolia, from where it has spread to most temp areas of world; imprt. weed in N Amer, widespd in cereal areas of W Canada & N USA; weed of vineyards & cereal crops in Arg & S Afr, Iran, Turkey, & S Union”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Acroptilon,repens, ,Creeping knapweed N ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Acroptilon,repens, ,”creeping knapweed, hardheads, hardhead thistle”,,,,,,Weed Science List Acroptilon,repens, ,”creeping knapweed, hardheads, hardhead thistle”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Actinea,odorata, ,,,,,29% germ of seed planted straight into glasshouse 7-8mths after harvest,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Ageratina,adenophora, ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Ageratina,adenophora,”Eupatorium adenophorum, Eupatorium glandulosum, Eupatorium pasdadense”,”Crofton weed, catweed, hemp agrimony, Mexican devil, sticky agrimony, sticky eupatorium”,HX,NLP,NSW; Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ageratina,adenophora,,,terrestrial,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Ageratina,adenophora, ,Eupatory ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Ageratina,adenophora,” Eupatorium adenophorum, Eupatorium glandulosum, Eupatorium pasdadense”,”Crofton weed, catweed, hemp agrimony, Mexican devil, sticky agrimony, sticky eupatorium”,,,,”reduces crop yield, affects carrying capacity of grazing lands & restricts movement of stock & machinery; cattle find it unpalatable, sheep & goats eat it without ill effect, but horse die as a result of eating it-Numibah or Tallebudgera horse disease”,”native of C Amer is now naturalised & widely estab. as a serious weed in many trop & subtrop areas, esp. NE India between sea level & 2000m, Nigeria, SE Asia, Pacific Is., NZ & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Ageratina,adenophora, ,crofton weed,,,,”Herbaceous Species Invades: Roadsides, railsides, plantations, mainly around Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal.”,Origin C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ageratina,adenophora, ,crofton weed,,,,”Herbaceous Species Invades: Roadsides, railsides, plantations, mainly around Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal.”,Origin C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ageratina,adenophora, ,crofton weed,,,,”Herbaceous Species Invades: Roadsides, railsides, plantations, mainly around Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal.”,Origin C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ageratina,adenophora, ,crofton weed,,,,”Herbaceous Species Invades: Roadsides, railsides, plantations, mainly around Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal.”,Origin C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ageratina,adenophora, ,Crofton weed,,,,,,Weed Science List Ageratina,adenophora, ,Crofton weed,,P,,This spp. is a target of biocontrol efforts in South Africa,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ageratina,altissima,”syn Ageratum altissimum L., Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. & Eupatorium ageratoides L. f.”,” white snakeroot, richweed, snakeroot”,,P,,”Comments: based on Ageratum altissimum L., non Eupatorium altissimum L..Uses for taxon: Vertebrate poisons: mammals (fide Kingsbury 1964, as Eupatorium rugosum; Lampe and McCann 1985; Everist 1981; Marderosian & Liberti 1988 as Eupatorium rugosum)Sp”,Canada [southeast & south-central]; United States [east & central],Western Australian Prohibited List Ageratina,riparia, ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Ageratina,riparia,”Eupatorium riparium, Eupatorium cannabinum (misapplied)”,”mistflower, catspaw, creeping Crofton weed, river eupatorium, small Crofton weed, white weed”,HXX,NLP,NSW; Qld; NT,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ageratina,riparia,” Eupatorium riparium, Eupatorium cannabinum (misapplied)”,”mistflower, catspaw, creeping Crofton weed, river eupatorium, small Crofton weed, white weed”,,,,”quickly invades disturbed areas on frost-free slopes & in Qld abandoned banana plantations; shade tolerant, it often occurs as a subdom. in assoc. with Crofton weed in gullies & on streambanks; reduces carrying capacity of pastures, restricts movement”,”native of C Amer which was introd to many parts of the world as an ornamental; escaping from cultivation it has become serious weed Afr, India, Indo, PNG, SE Asia, USA, some Pacific Is, NZ & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Ageratina,riparia, ,Mistflower,,,,,,Weed Science List Ageratina,riparia, ,Mistflower,,P,,This spp. is a target of biocontrol efforts in Hawaii,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ageratum,conyzoides, ,ageratum,,,,”Africa (tropical Africa ?), gardens, field crops”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Ageratum,conyzoides,,billygoat weed,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ageratum,conyzoides, ,Tropic ageratum,,,,45% germ of seed stored dry for approx. 2wks after harvest,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Ageratum,conyzoides, ,invading ageratum,,,,”Herbaceous Species Invades: forest, woodland, grassland, cultivated lands, riverbanks, wetlands, coastal dunes.”,Origin: S & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ageratum,conyzoides, ,invading ageratum,,,,”Herbaceous Species Invades: forest, woodland, grassland, cultivated lands, riverbanks, wetlands, coastal dunes.”,Origin: S & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ageratum,conyzoides, ,billygoat weed,,,,,,Weed Science List Ageratum,conyzoides, ,,,,, Weeds of sown grassland ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Ageratum,conyzoides,syn ,goat weed,,,,”moister areas in agricultural land, waste places, compounds, roadsides, plantations of all kinds; up to 3000m alt; flowers all the year round & may produce up to 40 000 seeds/plant; upland rice fields, may become troublesome in plantations after grasses h”,”tropical Amer, pantropical, also in the subtropics; introd to Java before 1860 & has spread throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Ageratum,conyzoides, ,tropic ageratum,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ageratum,conyzoides, ,billygoat weed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ageratum,houstianum,,bluemink,H,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ageratum,houstonianum, ,Mexican ageratum,,,,”Herbaceous Species Invades: forest, woodland, grassland, cultivated lands, riverbanks, wetlands, coastal dunes.”,Origin: S & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ageratum,houstonianum, ,Mexican ageratum,,,,”Herbaceous Species Invades: forest, woodland, grassland, cultivated lands, riverbanks, wetlands, coastal dunes.”,Origin: S & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ageratum,houstonianum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ageratum ,conyzoides,syn ,Goat weed,,,,”Nile and canal banks”“Cultivated as garden plant for cut flowers etc. Used as a remedy for abdominal problems & digestion, & has other medicinal properties”““,”Introduced from trop. & subtrop. Amer, naturalised into Old World in many trop. & subtrop countries”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Agoseris,grandiflora, ,,,,,”85% germ of dry stored seed, 1 yr after harvest at constant temp. 15C or 20C darkness”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Ambrosia,artemisiifolia,”Ambrosia diversifolia, Ambrosia elatior, Ambrosia media, Ambrosia monophylla”,”annual ragweed, bitterweed, common ragweed, hay-feverweed, hog-weed”,XX,L,Qld; SA; NT,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ambrosia,artemisiifolia, ,Common ragweed,,,,”prechilling of moist seed at 1-7C, then germ at alternating light & temps of 20-30C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Ambrosia,artemisiifolia,,"Common Name(s): Ragweed, Wild Tansy, Hog-weed","Avail nurseries, Weed Low Level Invasive ""Annual, 2-3 feet high, flowers with male and female heads, terminal racemes, bushy branched, rough hairy leaves, opposite or alternate, thin, short stalked opposite or alternate, thin, short stalked ""","Native. Habitat: Disturbed habitats, yards, beaches, waste areas"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Ambrosia,artemisiifolia, ,Ragweed,,,,A. elatior,Scattered in Central Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Ambrosia,artemisiifolia, ,Common Ragweed,,,,atrazine 1976 Canada Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Ambrosia,artemisiifolia,” Ambrosia diversifolia, Ambrosia elatior, Ambrosia media, Ambrosia monophylla”,”annual ragweed, bitterweed, common ragweed, hay-feverweed, hog-weed”,,,,”it is a very serious competitor in cereals, maize, vegetables, sunflowers, soyabeans & tobacco; cattle eat it esp. in its early growth stage; host of sclerotina rot of cabbage; allergenic & dermatogenic-most imprt. hay-fever producing plant in N Amer”,”native of N Amer, occurs extensively throughout the USA; introd to S Amer, Euro-Asia where it has become a serious weed in parts of Soviet Union, Japan, NZ & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Ambrosia,artemisiifolia, ,Roman wormwood ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Ambrosia,artemisiifolia, ,annual ragweed,,,,,,Weed Science List Ambrosia,artemisiifolia, ,common ragweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ambrosia,bidentata, ,lanceleaf ragweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ambrosia,confertiflora,”Franseria confertiflora, Franseria strigulosa, Franseria tenuifolia”,”burr ragweed, slimleaf bursage”,,LP,SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ambrosia,confertiflora,” Franseria confertiflora, Franseria strigulosa, Franseria tenuifolia”,”burr ragweed, slimleaf bursage”,,,,”extremely competitive plant readily suppressing pasture species, its burrs contaminate wool; problem in orchards, comp. for nutrients & interferring with harvest, both pollen & burrs cause discomfort to pickers; large amounts of allergenic pollen produced”,”native of semi-arid plains of southern USA & Mexico, not well known elsewhere in the world”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Ambrosia,confertiflora, ,burr ragweed,,,,,,Weed Science List Ambrosia,confertiflora, ,burr ragweed,,,,,,Weed Science List Ambrosia,confertiflora, ,burr ragweed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ambrosia,grayi, ,”woollyleaf burr ragweed, woolyleaf bursage”,,P,,Identified as a contaminant of Maize from the USA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ambrosia,maritima,syn ,Sea ambrosia,,,,”Nile and canal banks, moist alluvial soils”“Used in folk medicine to expel kidney stones & to remedy renal troubles, asthma & bilharzia”““,Medit.,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Ambrosia,psilostachya,”Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia coronopifolia, Ambrosia californica”,”perennial ragweed, western ragweed”,XX,NL,NSW; Vic; Qld; SA; NT,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ambrosia,psilostachya,” Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia coronopifolia, Ambrosia californica”,”perennial ragweed, western ragweed”,,,,strongly competitive plant often growing densely to detriment of crop & pasture; not grazed by stock; aerial growth allelopathic inhibiting germ & early seedling growth of several plant sp.; allergic inflammation of nose suffered by many people ,”grows extensively in N Amer, & ex. for an area comprising N Cal, Oregon & Wash State, its prevelant throughout the western half of USA & C Canada; introd & serious weed of E Eur, W Asia; occurs inS Amer, Jap, Mauritius & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Ambrosia,psilostachya, ,perennial ragweed,,,,,,Weed Science List Ambrosia,psilostachya, ,western ragweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ambrosia,spp.,,ragweeds,,NL,SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ambrosia,spp., ,Perennial ragweed N ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Ambrosia,spp., ,ragweeds,,,,,,Weed Science List Ambrosia,tenuifolia,”Franseria strigulosa, Franseria tenuifolia”,lacy ragweed,,NLP,NSW; SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ambrosia,tenuifolia,” Franseria strigulosa, Franseria tenuifolia”,lacy ragweed,,,,”extremely competitive plant readily suppressing pasture species, its burrs contaminate wool; problem in orchards, comp. for nutrients & interferring with harvest, both pollen & burrs cause discomfort to pickers; large amounts of allergenic pollen produced”,”native of NAmer, does not appear to have spread widely”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Ambrosia,tenuifolia, ,lacy ragweed,,,,,,Weed Science List Ambrosia,tenuifolia, ,lacy ragweed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ambrosia,trifida, ,Giant Ragweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Ambrosia,trifida, ,Giant ragweed,,,,”dormant at maturity needs prechilling on moist substrate for 3mths or treatment with GA, thiourea etc @ 5C, then 21day at alt. temp 20-30C; excised embryos of after-ripened seeds germ 100% in 12d @ 30C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Ambrosia,trifida, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ambrosia,trifida, ,giant ragweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ambrosia,trifida, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ambrosia,var. coronopifolia, ,perennial ragweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ambrosia,var. texana, ,blood ragweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ammobium,alatum,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Anacyclus,clavatus, ,,,,,A. tomentosus,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anacyclus,clavatus,Compositae ,,,,,A. tomentosus,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anacyclus,radiatus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Anacyclus,radiatus, ,,,,,A. pallescens,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anacyclus,radiatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Anaphalis,margaritacea, ,Pearly everlasting,,,,germs in 4-12days in constant light at 20-25C ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Anaphalis,margaritacea, ,pearly everlasting,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Anaphalis,margaritacea, ,Pearly everlasting,,P,,”germs in 4-12days in constant light at 20-25C In the WSSA weed List, the Germination of Weeds for experimental purposes and Holmes Geog Atlas of Weeds.”,,Western Australian Prohibited List Antennaria,neglecta, ,field pussytoes,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Antennaria,neodioica, ,Common pussytoes,,,,”high germ in glasshouse after 3mths dry storage, 13 -90 days after planting”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Antennaria,neodioica, ,common pussytoes,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Antennaria,parvifolia, ,,,,,64% germ on filter paper in Petri dishes at 18C in constant darkness; max germ in 6 days; no dormancy ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Antennaria,plantaginifolia, ,plantainleaf pussytoes,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Antennaria,rosea, ,,,,,94% germ on filter paper in Petri dishes at 18C in constant darkness; max germ in 15 days,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Anthemis,altissima, ,,,,,”A. cota, Cota altissima”,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anthemis,altissima,Compositae ,,,,,”A. cota, Cota altissima”,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anthemis,arvensis,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Anthemis,arvensis, ,Corn chamomile,,,,”optimum germ temp 13C, but alternating temps of 10-25C produce same germ %”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Anthemis,arvensis, ,Corn Chamomile,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anthemis,arvensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Anthemis,arvensis, ,corn chamomile,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Anthemis,arvensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Anthemis,austriaca, ,Austrian Chamomile,,,,A. cotiformis,SEast Europe and Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anthemis,austriaca,Compositae ,Austrian Chamomile,,,,A. cotiformis,SEast Europe and Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anthemis,cotula,Maruta cotula,”stinking mayweed, dillweed, dog's camomile, dog-daisy, dog fennel, mather, mayweed, stinking chamomile”,X,NL,Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Anthemis,cotula, ,Mayweed,,,,”alternating temps & light of 68F dark, 86F light best results”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Anthemis,cotula, ,Stinking Mayweed,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anthemis,cotula, Maruta cotula,”stinking mayweed, dillweed, dog's camomile, dog-daisy, dog fennel, mather, mayweed, stinking chamomile”,,,,”long history as a problem weed esp. in cereal crops in Eur, Arg, NZ & parts of USA & also invades pastures; taints milk, butter & meat; prolonged contact with flower heads & fruit is reputed to cause dermatitis & blister the skin”,”native of Medit region, but now extends throughout Eur from S Norway, Sweden & Finland south to the Canary Is & the Atlas Mountains in N Afr, Egypt, & W Asia; introd & common in Canada, USA, S Afr, NZ & Aust scattered through coastal & tableland NSW & ext”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Anthemis,cotula, ,stinking mayweed,,,,,,Weed Science List Anthemis,cotula, ,,,,, , Okayama ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Anthemis,cotula, ,mayweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Anthemis,pseudocotula,syn ,,,,,”fields, roadsides”“Flower heads used as a bacteriostat, antifungal, antitumor, & antidiabetic”““,”E. Medit, W Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Anthemis,ruthenica, ,,,,,A. neilreichii,SE to Eastern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anthemis,ruthenica,Compositae ,,,,,A. neilreichii,SE to Eastern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anthemis,segetalis, ,,,,,”A. brachycentros, A. pseudocota”,Italy & Greece,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anthemis,segetalis,Compositae ,,,,,”A. brachycentros, A. pseudocota”,Italy & Greece,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anthemis,tinctoria,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Anthemis,tinctoria, ,Yellow chamomile,,,,seeds germ well immediately after ripening in bright daylight at constant temp of 20-22C or 30C; 76% germ of seed stored for 1 yr & 40% germ of seed stored for 4yrs,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Anthemis,tinctoria, ,Yellow Chamomile,,,,Cota tinctoria,”All Europe, except W France, Spain, Portugal & Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anthemis,tinctoria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Anthemis,tinctoria, ,yellow chamomile,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arcotheca,calendula, ,Capeweed,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,3,4,5”,”S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Arctium,lappa,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Arctium,lappa, ,Great burdock,,,,”alternating temp (20C, 16hr & 30C, 8hr), thiourea application (0.1% to 0.5%), presoaking (2-24hr), conc. H2SO4 treatment 10min, & partial removal of seed coat produces high germ % in light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Arctium,lappa, ,Greater Burdock,,,,”A. majus, A. chaorum, Lappa major, L. officinalis”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Arctium,lappa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Arctium,lappa, ,great burdock,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arctium,minus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Arctium,minus, ,Common burdock,,,,light & alternating temp 20-30C high germ %,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Arctium,minus, ,Lesser Burdock,,,,Lappa minor,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Arctium,minus, ,Common burdock ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Arctium,minus, ,lesser burdock,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Arctium,minus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Arctium,minus, ,common burdock,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arctium,tomentosum, ,Woolly Burdock,,,,”A. chabertii, A. leptophyllum, Lappa tomentosa”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Arctium,tomentosum,Compositae ,Woolly Burdock,,,,”A. chabertii, A. leptophyllum, Lappa tomentosa”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Arctium,tomentosum, ,cotton burdock,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arctotheca,calendula,,Capeweed,HXXXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Arctotheca,calendula, ,”Capeweed, As Seed Or Fertile Plants “,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Arctotheca,calendula, ,Capeweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Arctotheca,calendula, ,Capeweed ,,,,diquat 1986 Australia Alfalfa , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Arctotheca,calendula, ,capeweed,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Arctotheca,calendula, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Arctotheca,populifolia,,Beach Daisy,XXXX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Arctotheca,populifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Arctotheca,prostrata,,Creeping Bears-ears,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Arctotheca,prostrata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Arctotis,stoechadifolia,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Arctotis,venusta,,White Arctotis,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Arctotis,venusta, ,White Arctotis,,,,Dispersal: ?Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Arctotus,venusta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Argyranthemum,foeniculaceum,Argyranthemum frutescens ssp. foeniculaceum,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Argyranthemum,frutescens,Argyranthemum frutescens ssp. foeniculaceum,,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Argyranthemum,frutescens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Arnica,fulgens, ,,,,,40% germ at 20C in darkness on moist filter paper in Petri dishes; within 1 yr after seed collection ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Arnica,montana, ,,,,,seed germs immediately after harvest,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Aroctheca,populifolia, ,Beach Daisy,,,,Dispersal: ?Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,”S Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Aroctheca,prostrata, ,Creeping Bears-ears,,,,Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,”S Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Artemisia,absinthium, ,,,,,Region of origin - Eur; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Artemisia,absinthium,,"Common Name(s): Absinth, Wormwood","Avail nurseries, Usage : Low Level Invasive , Additional Comments : Primarily a species of disturbed sites Perennial, 5-10 dm high, flowers yellow or purple disks, erect stems, leaves in clumps, silky-hoary, 2-3 pinnately parted parted ""","Eurasia. Habitat: Roadsides, waste places, farm yards, pastures"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Artemisia,absinthium,,wormwood absinth ,CLASS C WEED: Class C weeds are noxious weeds that are common throughout most of Washington. The following Class C weeds have been selected by the County Weed Board as priority weeds in King County and control is mandatory.,,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Artemisia,absinthium, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Artemisia,absinthium,,”absinth wormwood, absinth sagewort, wormwood”,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Artemisia,absinthium, ,Absinth wormwood ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Artemisia,absinthium, ,”wormwood, absinth sagewort”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Artemisia,absinthium, ,absinth wormwood,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Artemisia,annua, ,,,,,,Eastern Europe less in Central Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Artemisia,annua,Compositae ,,,,,,Eastern Europe less in Central Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Artemisia,annua, ,annual wormwood,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Artemisia,arborescens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Artemisia,arborescens,,Silver Wormwood,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Artemisia,arborescens, ,Silver Wormwood,,,,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,”Introduced deliberately from: S Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Artemisia,arbuscula, ,low sagebrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Artemisia,biennis, ,biennial wormwood,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Artemisia,californica, ,California sagebrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Artemisia,cana, ,silver sagebrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Artemisia,canariensis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Artemisia,filifolia, ,sand sagebrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Artemisia,frigida, ,fringed sagebrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Artemisia,incompta, ,,,,,alternative moistening & drying of seed increases germ as c.f. seed kept moist continuously on filter paper in Petri dishes at 22-29C ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Artemisia,ludoviciana, ,,,,,”Region of origin - W USA, Mexico; Extent of spread - destoryed ?; Means of spread ornamental”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Artemisia,ludoviciana,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Artemisia,ludoviciana, ,Louisiana wormwood,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Artemisia,montana, ,,,,, , Hokkaido ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Artemisia,nova, ,black sagebrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Artemisia,princeps, ,ragweed,,,,,,Weed Science List Artemisia,princeps, ,,,,,”perennial dominance, sub-dominance “,Shimane Shizuoka Upland Korea Upland Japan Miyagi Okayama ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Artemisia,princeps, ,ragweed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Artemisia,scoparia,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Artemisia,suksdorfii, ,,,,,54% germ in constant darkness at alternating temps of 20 & 30C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Artemisia,tridentata, ,Big sagebrush,,,,light increases germ with optimum temp of 70F,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Artemisia,tridentata, ,big sagebrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Artemisia,tripartita, ,threetip sagebrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Artemisia,var. gnaphalodes, ,prairie sage,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Artemisia,verlotiorum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Artemisia,verlotiorum,,Chinese Wormwood,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Artemisia,verlotiorum, ,Chinese Wormwood,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Vegetative,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur, As, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Artemisia,vulgaris, ,Mugwort,,,,”fresh seed; prechilling for 10-40 days at 1C, then brief exposure to light & constant temp of 25C ; older seeds lose light requirement; vegetative propagation of rhizomes also used”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Artemisia,vulgaris, ,Mugwort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Artemisia,vulgaris,Compositae ,Mugwort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Artemisia,vulgaris, ,”common wormwood, mugwort”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Artemisia,vulgaris, ,”motherwort, mugwort, green ginger, mugweed, sailor's tobacco”,,,,Artemisa vulgaris is found in almost all farming systems on all continents and most of the island chains. It is reported in 25 crops in 56 countries.,origin uncertain,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Artemisia,vulgaris, ,mugwort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Artemisia,vulgaris,,mugwort,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Aspilia,africana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aspilia,africana, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Aspilia,bupthalmiflora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aspilia,bupthalmiflora, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Aster,acmellus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aster,ageratoides, ,,,,, , ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Aster,ericoides, ,heath aster,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Aster,exilis, ,slender aster,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Aster,linariifolius, ,savoryleaf aster,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Aster,novae-angliae, ,New England aster,,,,50% germ with cold stratification for 71 days; germ over period of 14 to 28 days after transfer to greenhouse,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Aster,novae-anglicae, ,New England aster,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Aster,novi-belgii,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aster,novi-belgii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aster,novi-belgii, ,New York aster,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Aster,occidentalis, ,western aster,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Aster,parryi, ,woody aster,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Aster,pilosus, ,white heath aster,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Aster,puniceus, ,purplestem aster,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Aster,scaber, ,,,,, , Miyagi ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Aster,simplex, ,white field aster,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Aster,spectabilis, ,showy aster,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Aster,spinosus, ,spiny aster,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Aster,squamatus,syn Conyza squamata,,,,,”fields, roadsides, gardens, waste ground, canal banks”“Recently introduced into Egypt, now completely naturalised & one of most widespread weeds in country”““,”C & S Amer; naturalised in S Eur, Afr & many other regions of the world”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Aster,subulatus,,aster-weed,HXXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aster,subulatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aster,yomena, ,,,,, ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Aster ,subulatus, ,Aster-weed,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,9,11,10,11”,”N Am, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Aster ,tripolium, ,,,,,reproduces both vegetatively & by seed; 90% seed viability,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Asteriscus,spinosus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Athroisma,laciniatum,syn Athroisma viscidum,,,,,”in Java, in areas with pronounced dry seasons, on heavy, periodically soggy or inundated & subsequently desiccating heavy clay soils, locally often abundant & flowering so profusely that the fields look grayish white; up to 100m alt; rainfed & upland rice”,”unknown, in Indonesia, in the northern plain of Java & the islands of Madura & Kangean”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Austroeupatorium,inulaefolium,,,"tea, rubber, rosella and other plantation crops; roadsides; environmental weed in secondary forests",,"Northern Australian Quarantine Service, Target Weeds" Austroeupatorium,inulaefolium,,austroeupatorium,X,LP,Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Austroeupatorium,inulaefolium, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Austroeupatorium,inulaefolium, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Baccharis,cordifolia,,romerillo (toxic groundsel),,L,Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Baccharis,cordifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Baccharis,cordifolia,syn Eupatorium montevidense Spreng.,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Baccharis,douglasii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Baccharis,douglasii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Baccharis,glutinosa, ,seepwillow baccharis,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Baccharis,halimifolia,,”groundsel bush, groundel, groundsel baccharis, groundsel tree”,HX,NLP,NSW; Qld; NT,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Baccharis,halimifolia, ,”groundsel bush, groundel, groundsel baccharis, groundsel tree”,,,,”seeds prolifically; large plants to 2-3m high produce up to a million seeds in a single season; forms dense impenetrable thickets, restricts stock & machinery movement, reduces agric. & pastoral potential; pioneer plant-readily invades”,”native of West Indies & the Atlantic & Gulf Coasts of N Amer, extending in an arc from Massachusetts through Florida to Mexico; introd to France & Soviet Union; imprt. weed along Biscay coast of France & Spain to Black Sea coast of Abkhazskaya ASSR-Sov.U”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Baccharis,halimifolia, ,groundsel bush,,,,,,Weed Science List Baccharis,halimifolia, ,eastern baccharis,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Baccharis,halimifolia, ,groundsel bush,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Baccharis,halmifolia, ,Groundsel ,,,,Major WeedSHRUBS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Baccharis,neglecta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Baccharis,neglecta, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Baccharis,pilularis,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Baccharis,pilularis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Baccharis,pilularis, ,coyotebrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Baccharis,pilularis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Baccharis,ramulosa, ,yerba-de-pasmo,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Baccharis,salicifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Baccharis,salicifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Baccharis,salicina, ,willow baccharis,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Baccharis,sarothroides, ,desert broom,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Baccharis,viminea,? ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Baeria,chrysostoma, = Lasthenia californica,California goldfields,,,,”seeds germ well at 5,10, &15C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Baileya,multiradiata, ,desert baileya,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Baltimora,recta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Baltimora,recta, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Bellis,annua, ,Annual Daisy,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bellis,annua,Compositae ,Annual Daisy,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bellis,perennis,,daisy,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bellis,perennis, ,English daisy,,,,”97% germ, no dormancy after harvest, at room temp”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Bellis,perennis, ,Daisy,,,,,”All Europe, except Extreme NE with less in Scandinavia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bellis,perennis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bellis,perennis, ,English daisy,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Berkheya,rigida,Stobaea riguda,”African thistle, Augusta thistle, berkheya thistle, Hamelin thistle”,XXX,L,WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Berkheya,rigida, ,African Thistle,,,,”Dispersal: ?Wind. Life Form: Small to medium shrubs. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4”,”Af, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Berkheya,rigida, Stobaea riguda,”African thistle, Augusta thistle, Berkheya thistle, Hamelin thistle”,,,,”no feed value because of its spines make it unpalatable to stock; large colonies, consisting of matted stems, limit pasture growth & available grazing area”,native of S Afr; not widely distributed elsewhere ex for a number of small colonies in southern Aust,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Berkheya,rigida, ,African thistle,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Berkheya,rigida, ,African thistle,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Bidens,alba, ,beggar's tick,,,,”tropical Africa, vegetables, orchards, fields crops”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Bidens,alba, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Bidens,aurea, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Bidens,bipinnata,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bidens,bipinnata, ,Spanish needles,,,,”no dormancy, germ temp between 10-35C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Bidens,bipinnata, ,,,,,Kernera bipinnata,Scattered in Italian region,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bidens,bipinnata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bidens,bipinnata, ,spanishneedles,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Bidens,cernua, ,Nodding Burr Marigold,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bidens,cernua,Compositae ,Nodding Burr Marigold,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bidens,cernua, ,nodding beggarticks,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Bidens,comosa, ,leafybract beggarticks,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Bidens,connata, ,purplestem beggarticks,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Bidens,frondosa, ,Devils beggarticks,,,,max germ 6% of seeds prechilled 1wk then 15-25C alternating with alternating light/dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Bidens,frondosa, ,devils beggarticks,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Bidens,pilosa, ,”cobbler's pegs, beggar's tick”,,,,”Africa, vegetables, orchards, fields crops”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Bidens,pilosa,,cobbler's peg,HXXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bidens,pilosa, ,Hairy beggarticks,,,,”35% germ of freshly harvested seed, dormancy occurs rapidly after short term storage; old seeds (3-5yrs) 80% germ, but fail to produce seedlings “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Bidens,pilosa, ,,,,,,Scattered in Spain & Portugal,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bidens,pilosa, ,Hairy Beggarticks,,,,imazaquin 1993 Brazil Soybean , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Bidens,pilosa, ,Hairy Beggarticks,,,,paraquat 1991 Kenya Coffee , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Bidens,pilosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bidens,pilosa, ,,,,, Weeds of sown grassland ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Bidens,pilosa var. minor,syn Bidens sundaica,”blackjack, Spanish needles, beggar ticks, cobbler's pegs”,,,,”a very common weed, perferring moister soils; up to 2300m alt; flowers all year round; in one week after shedding, 35-60% of the seeds germinate; seeds stored for 3-5yrs showed 80% germ; there can be up to 4 generations a year; for germ, light & good aera”,”A afr, pantropical; before 1835 already naturalised in Java; has spread everywhere, except Kalimantan & the Moluccas”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Bidens,pilosa var. radiata, ,hairy beggarticks,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Bidens,polylepis, ,”long-bracted beggarticks, bearded beggarticks”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Bidens,polylepis, ,coreopsis beggarticks,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Bidens,subalternans,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bidens,subalternans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bidens,tripartita,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bidens,tripartita, ,,,,,”germ of intact achenes constant light, alternating temp 22-32C; conc. sulphuric acid helpful in inducing germ.”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Bidens,tripartita, ,Trifid Burr Marigold,,,,”B. bullata, B. orientalis”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bidens,tripartita, ,Bur Beggarticks,,,,triazines 1979 Austria Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Bidens,tripartita, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bidens,vulgata, ,Tall beggarticks,,,,no germ found in seeds tested within 1 yr of harvest,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Bidens,vulgata, ,tall beggarticks,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Blumea,lacera,”syn Conyza lacera, Conyza javanica”,,,,,”in areas with slight to pronounced dry season, in sunny or lightly shaded, dry or moist (not marshy) places, along roads, dams, meadows, wastelands, agricultural land, usually on periodically desiccated areas, sometimes abundant; up to 2000m alt.; upland “,”Asia, Afr, Asia, Malesia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Blumea,lanceolaria, ,,,,, Weeds of sown grassland ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Blumea,tenella,syn Blumea humifusa,,,,,”in areas with a strong or moderately strong dry period, on heavy, periodically moist & dehydrated soils; up to 100m alt; flowers mainly from Apr-Oct; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”Malesia, Malesia, througout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Bombycilaena,erecta, ,,,,,Micropus erectus,Mainland Europe except NW Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bombycilaena,erecta,Compositae ,,,,,Micropus erectus,Mainland Europe except NW Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Brickellia,glutinosa,syn. Kuhnia,,,,,”seeds collected in autumn, no germ 1mth, 3-12mths inc. germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Buphthalmum,speciosum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cacalia,tuberosa, ,indianplantain,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Calea,zacatechichi, ,,,P,,Hallucinogen in Mexico,,Western Australian Prohibited List Calendula,arvensis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Calendula,arvensis, ,Field Marigold,,,,”C. malacitana, C micrantha, C. officinalis”,Southern & Central Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Calendula,arvensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Calendula,arvensis,syn C. aegyptiaca; C. persica; C. gracilis; C. micrantha,Field marigold,,,,”fields, waste ground”,”Medit, C Eur, W Asia; introduced and naturalised into may temp. and warm temp. regions of the world”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Calendula,officinalis,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Calendula,officinalis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Calendula,palaestina,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Calendula,palaestina, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Calyptocarpus,vialis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Calyptocarpus,vialis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Campuloclinium,macrocephalum, ,,,,,”Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: grassland, roadsidesCultivated for: ornamental”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Campuloclinium,macrocephalum, ,,,,,”Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: grassland, roadsidesCultivated for: ornamental”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Carduus,acanthoides,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carduus,acanthoides, ,Plumeless Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Carduus,acanthoides, ,Giant Plumeless Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Carduus,acanthoides, ,,,,,Region of origin - Eur; Extent of spread - destroyed ?; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Carduus,acanthoides, ,Plumeless thistle,,,,”seeds germ at once or soon after harvest, seeds exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Carduus,acanthoides, ,Welted Thistle,,,,”C. fortior, C. camporum”,All Europe except Spain & Portugal,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Carduus,acanthoides, ,Acanthus thistle ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Carduus,acanthoides, ,plumeless thistle,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Carduus,acanthoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Carduus,acanthoides, ,plumeless thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Carduus,acanthoides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Carduus,acanthoides,, plumeless thistle,"Possible Weed of Forests: High Weed Potential in Agriculture, Grassland, Riparian habitats and Disturbed areas",,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Carduus,corymbosus, ,,,,,,Italy & Sicily,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Carduus,corymbosus,Compositae ,,,,,,Italy & Sicily,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Carduus,crispus,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carduus,crispus, ,Welted thistle,,,,”seeds germ at once or soon after harvest, seeds exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Carduus,crispus, ,welted thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Carduus,crispus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Carduus,macrocephalus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Carduus,nutans,,”nodding thistle, musk thistle”,AH,NL,NSW; Vic; Tas; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carduus,nutans,,"Common Name(s): Nodding thistle, Musk thistle","Avail nurseries, Weed Potential Invasive Additional Comments: Forms dense stands ""Biennial, 1-1.5 m high, purple disk flowers, 2 cm long, leaves alternate, stem spiky, erect ""","Eurasia. Habitat: Pastures, roadsides, waste places"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Carduus,nutans, ,Musk Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Carduus,nutans, ,Musk thistle,,,,”high germ % short time after dissemination, with no special treatments or germ conditions”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Carduus,nutans, ,Musk Thistle,,,,C. platylepsis,”Western Europe, UK, S Sweden”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Carduus,nutans, ,Musk Thistle,,,,”2,4-D 1981 New Zealand Pasture “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Carduus,nutans, ,”nodding thistle, musk thistle”,,,,”grows in dense patches & not readily grazed due to spiny foliage; reduces carrying capacity of pastures, mature spiny heads contribute to vegetable fault in wool”,”originated in Eur, N Afr, Asia Minor & Asia tending to occur most frequently on dry calcareous soils & has spread to many temp parts ot the world; import. weed of N Amer, Arg, Soviet Union & British Isles & NZ where its their 3rd most serious weed”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Carduus,nutans, ,Musk thistle ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Carduus,nutans, ,”musk thistle, nodding thistle”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Carduus,nutans, ,nodding thistle,,,,,,Weed Science List Carduus,nutans, ,”nodding thistle, musk thistle”,,,,Carduus nutans is the most troublesome thistle in agriculture and it appears as a weed in 18 crops in 32 countries.,,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Carduus,nutans, ,musk thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Carduus,nutans, ,nodding thistle,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Carduus,platybus, ,,,,,,Spain & Portugal,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Carduus,platybus,Compositae ,,,,,,Spain & Portugal,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Carduus,pycnocephalus,,thistle Italian ,CLASS A WEED: Class A weeds are nonnative species with a limited distribution in Washington. Eradication of these species is mandatory in all of Washington State.,,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Carduus,pychnocephalus, ,Italian thistle ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Carduus,pycnocephalus,,”slender thistle, shore thistle, Italian thistle, Plymouth thistle, rabbit thistle, slender-flowered thistle, slender winged thistle”,HXXHH,LP,Vic; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carduus,pycnocephalus, ,Italian Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Carduus,pycnocephalus, ,Italian Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Carduus,pycnocephalus, ,Slender Thistle,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5,8,12,13”,”S Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Carduus,pycnocephalus, ,Corsican Thistle,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Carduus,pycnocephalus, ,”slender thistle, shore thistle, Italian thistle, Plymouth thistle, rabbit thistle, slender-flowered thistle, slender winged thistle”,,,,”weed of pastures, but in higher rainfall areas of Tas it is also import. comp. with annual crops; not readily grazed due to spiny nature; estab. most readily in disturbed areas; heavily grazed pastures favour estab.”,”originated in southern Eur & N Afr; ext. east through Asia Minor to Pakistan, well est. throughout temp areas of the world & considered import. weeds in Aust & NZ, occasionally USA “,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Carduus,pycnocephalus, ,Italian thistle,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Carduus,pycnocephalus, ,”slender thistles, shore thistle”,,,,,,Weed Science List Carduus,pycnocephalus, ,”shore thistle, slender thistle, slender-flowered thistle, Italian thistle, slender- winged thistle”,,,,Carduus pycnocephalus appears as a weed in eight crops in 26countries.,,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Carduus,pycnocephalus, ,Italian thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Carduus,pycnocephalus, ,”slender thistles, shore thistle”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Carduus,spp., ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Carduus,tenuiflorus,,slenderflower thistle,CLASS A WEED: Class A weeds are nonnative species with a limited distribution in Washington. Eradication of these species is mandatory in all of Washington State.,,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Carduus,tenuiflorus, ,”slender thistles, shore thistle, sheep thistle”,,,,,,Weed Science List Carduus,tenuiflorus,,”slender thistle, shore thistle, sheep thistle, winged slender thistle, winged thistle”,XXXXXH,LP,Vic; SA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carduus,tenuiflorus, ,Itallian Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Carduus,tenuiflorus, ,Slender Thistle,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,3,4,5,12”,”W Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Carduus,tenuiflorus, ,,,,,,Western Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Carduus,tenuiflorus, ,”slender thistle, shore thistle, sheep thistle, winged slender thistle, winged thistle”,,,,”weed of pastures, but in higher rainfall areas of Tas it is also import. comp. with annual crops; not readily grazed due to spiny nature; estab. most readily in disturbed areas; heavily grazed pastures favour estab.”,”originated in southern Eur & N Afr; ext. north to Scandinavia & British Isles, well est. throughtout temp areas of the world & considered import. weed of Aust & NZ, occasionally USA”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Carduus,tenuiflorus, ,Slender thistle * ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”, Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) ,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Carduus,tenuiflorus, ,slenderflower thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Carduus,tenuiflorus, ,”slender thistles, shore thistle, sheep thistle”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Carduus,tenuifolius, ,Slender flowered thistle ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Carduus,tenuifolius, ,slenderflower thistle,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Carduus,thoermeri,,,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carduus,thoermeri, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Carduus,thoermeri, ,,,P,,This spp. is probably more widespread in the USA than is recognised as it closely resembles C. nutans.It is probably as much of a threat to WA as C. nutans but has not taken off in the eastern states as C. nutans has.,44~46~52~57,Western Australian Prohibited List Carduus ,nutans,,”musk thistle, nodding thistle”,,,,RANK 1. “SEVERE THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation; includes species which are or could become widespread in Tennessee.,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Carlina,involucrata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Carlina,involucrata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Carpesium,cernuum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carpesium,cernuum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Carthamus,baeticus, ,Smooth Distaff Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Carthamus,dentatus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carthamus,dentatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Carthamus,flavescens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Carthamus,flavescens, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Carthamus,glaucus,,Glaucous star thistle ,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carthamus,glaucus, ,Glaucous star thistle ?,,,,,,Weed Science List Carthamus,glaucus, ,Glaucous star thistle ?,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Carthamus,lanatus,Kentrophyllum lanatum,”saffron thistle, distaff thistle, false star thistle, woolly safflower, woolly star thistle”,XXXXXXH,NL,ACT; NSW; Qld; NT; WA; Tas; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carthamus,lanatus, ,Woolly Distaff Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Carthamus,lanatus, ,Saffron Thistle,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4”,”S Eur, W As, In Victoria: Widespread, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Carthamus,lanatus, ,Woolly Safflower,,,,Kentrophyllum lanatum,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Carthamus,lanatus, Kentrophyllum lanatum,”saffron thistle, distaff thistle, false star thistle, woolly safflower, woolly star thistle”,,,,”little fodder value, eaten when very young & when stems emerge from rosette; seeds rich in oil & protein, eaten by sheep; forms dense patches restricting stock movement, injure grazing animals in eyes & mouth, reduce carrying capacity; competes with crops”,”native of Medit region & W Asia, has spread to many temp areas of world including USA, Arg, Chile, NZ & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Carthamus,lanatus, ,Safflower ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Carthamus,lanatus, ,saffron thistle,,,,,,Weed Science List Carthamus,lanatus, ,saffron thistle,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Carthamus,leucocaulos,,”glaucous star thistle, whitestem distaff thistle”,,L,WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carthamus,leucocaulos, ,Whitestem Distaff Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Carthamus,leucocaulos, ,,,,,Region of origin - Medit; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Carthamus,leucocaulos, ,”glaucous star thistle, whitestem distaff thistle”,,,,”little fodder value, forms dense patches, restricts stock movement, reduce available grazing area & pasture productivity, presence of seeds, leaf fragments & flower heads in wool reduces value of clip”,”native of Medit region, particularly Greece & Crete; not widely spread, small area in California & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Carthamus,leucocaulos, ,glaucous star thistle,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Carthamus,leucocaulos, ,glaucous star thistle,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Carthamus,oxycantha,,,terrestrial,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Carthamus,oxyacantha, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Carthamus,oxyacantha, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Carthamus,tinctorius,,safflower,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carthamus,tinctorius, ,Safflower,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Carthamus,tinctorius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Carthumus,spp., ,distaff thistle,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Cassinia,arcuata,,”Chinese scrub, sifton bush, Australian tauhinu, biddy bush, Chinese shrub, drooping cassinia, sifting bush, tear shrub”,,NLP,NSW; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cassinia,arcuata, ,”Chinese scrub, sifton bush, Australian tauhinu, biddy bush, Chinese shrub, drooping cassinia, sifting bush, tear shrub”,,,,”grows well on land cleared for grazing & can dominate estab. pastures; plants unpalatable to stock, heavily infested areas reduce carrying capacity, clumps of the weed fire hazard & provide harbour for pest animals, particularly rabbits”,native of SE Australia & Western Australia & has probably not spread far beyond its native range,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cassinia,arcuata, ,”Chinese scrub, sifton bush”,,,,,,Weed Science List Cassinia,arcuata, ,”Chinese scrub, sifton bush”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cassinia,leptophylla, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cassinia,leptophylla, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Centaurea,acaulis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,acaulis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Centaurea,aspera,C. sp. A in NSW,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Centaurea,aspera, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,biebersteinii, ,,,,,C. micranthos,”SE Europe, except Greece”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Centaurea,biebersteinii,,knapweed spotted ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are nonnative species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Centaurea,biebersteinii,Compositae ,,,,,C. micranthos,”SE Europe, except Greece”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Centaurea,calcitrapa,,”star thistle, purple star thistle, red starthistle”,HXXH,NLP,ACT; NSW; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Centaurea,calcitrapa, ,Purple Starthistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Centaurea,calcitrapa, ,Purple Starthistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Centaurea,calcitrapa, ,Star Thistle,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water. Life Form: Annual/Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5”,”S&C Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Centaurea,calcitrapa, ,,,,,”C. adulterina, C. arrectispina, C. macroacantha”,”Southern & Eastern Europe, less NW Europe & UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Centaurea,calcitrapa, ,”star thistle, purple star thistle, red starthistle”,,,,”competes with crops & pastures, once heads are formed, spines injure grazing animals in eys & mouth, deny access to grazing animals to other pasture sp.; seed short lived, survive in soil for 2-3yrs”,”originated in southern & western Eur, W Asia & N Afr; widely distributed but only as a weed in Aust occurs in neglected areas in Eur, Middle East, S Afr, California & NZ”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Centaurea,calcitrapa, ,star thistle,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,calcitrapa, ,purple starthistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Centaurea,calcitrapa, ,star thistle,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Centaurea,calcitrapa,syn ,Star thistle,,,,”canal banks, roadsides, waste ground”“Whole plant is a bitter astringent, appetizer, & stomachic; flowering summits are febrifuge, the root & fruits are diuretic; seeds are remedy for renal stones & pain”““,”Medit, C Eur”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Centaurea,cineraria,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Centaurea,cineraria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,cyanoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,cyanoides, ,,,P,,”This species has a single listing in the Denmark area but no further collections, dubious it has established.No specimens in the herbarium”,,Western Australian Prohibited List Centaurea,cyanus,C. cyanoides in WA,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Centaurea,cyanus, ,Corn flower,,,,”2 mth old seed germ well at high & constant temp, light favoured germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Centaurea,cyanus, ,Cornflower,,,,C. cyanocephala,”All Europe, more to the Balkans & Greece regions”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Centaurea,cyanus, ,cornflower,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Centaurea,cyanus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,cyanus, ,cornflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Centaurea,cyanus,,batchelor's button,,,,”RANK 3. “LESSER THREAT”Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Centaurea,depressa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,depressa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Centaurea,diffusa, ,Diffuse Knapweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Centaurea,diffusa, ,Diffuse knapweed,,,,”80% or higher germ in 15C darkness, 20 C darkness, alt. 20-30C darkness, & alt. 20-30 C with alt. light/darkness”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Centaurea,diffusa, ,Diffuse knapweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Centaurea,diffusa, ,diffuse knapweed,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Centaurea,diffusa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,diffusa,,knapweed diffuse ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are non-native species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Centaurea,macrocephala,,knapweed bighead ,CLASS A WEED: Class A weeds are nonnative species with a limited distribution in Washington. Eradication of these species is mandatory in all of Washington State.,,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Centaurea,diffusa, ,diffuse knapweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Centaurea,diffusa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Centaurea,eriophora,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Centaurea,eriophora, ,,,,,”Region of origin - Spain, Portugal; Extent of spread - eradicated ?; Means of spread unknown”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Centaurea,eriophora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,iberica, ,Iberian Starthistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Centaurea,iberica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,iberica, ,Iberian starthistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Centaurea,iberica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Centaurea,jacea,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Centaurea,jacea,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Centaurea,jacea, ,Brown knapweed,,,,”seeds germ at once or soon after harvest, seeds exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Centaurea,jacea, ,Brown knapweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Centaurea,jacea, ,X nigra ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Centaurea,jacea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,jacea, ,brown knapweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Centaurea,jacea, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Centaurea,macrocephala, ,Bighead knapweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Centaurea,maculosa,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Centaurea,maculosa, ,Spotted Knapweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Centaurea,maculosa, ,,,,,C. stoebe,Central Europe from Belgium to Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Centaurea,maculosa, ,Spotted knapweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Centaurea,maculosa,,,Mountain and Valleys Coastal & Peidmont in Virginia,,"Alien Invasive plants in Virginia: Virginia Native Plant Society, Weed" Centaurea,maculosa,,Common Name(s): Spotted knapweed,"Avail nurseries, Usage : Potential Invasive , Additional Comments : Forms dense stands ""Biennial, 2-3 feet high, hairy purple flowers, leaves alternate, deeply cut into narrow divisions """,Europe. Habitat: Mountain meadows," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Centaurea,maculosa, ,spotted knapweed,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Centaurea,maculosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,maculosa, ,spotted knapweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Centaurea,maculosa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Centaurea,maculosa,,spotted knapweed,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Centaurea,melitensis,,Malta thistle,XXXH,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Centaurea,melitensis, ,Tacalote ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Centaurea,melitensis, ,Malta Thistle,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,4,12”,”S Eur, In Victoria: ?”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Centaurea,melitensis, ,Maltese Centaury,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Centaurea,melitensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,melitensis, ,Malta starthistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Centaurea,nigra,C. sp. B in NSW,”black knapweed, common knapweed, knapweed, lesser knapweed, Spanish buttons”,,NLP,Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Centaurea,nigra, ,Black knapweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Centaurea,nigra, ,black knapweed,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,nigra, ,black knapweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Centaurea,nigra, ,black knapweed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Centaurea,nigrescens,,,Coastal areas in Virginia,,"Alien Invasive plants in Virginia: Virginia Native Plant Society, Weed" Centaurea,nigrescens,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Centaurea,nigrescens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,paniculata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Centaurea,paniculata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,pratensis,,knapweed meadow ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are nonnative species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Centaurea,pratensis, ,Meadow knapweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Centaurea,repens, ,Russian Knapweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Centaurea,repens, ,Russian knapweed,,,,69% germ with 20-30C & alt. exposure to light & darkness; germ increases with storage,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Centaurea,repens, ,Russian knapweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Centaurea,repens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,repens, ,Russian knapweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Centaurea,rhenana, ,,,,,C. stoebe,”Central Europe, less Denmark & S Sweden”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Centaurea,rhenana,Compositae ,,,,,C. stoebe,”Central Europe, less Denmark & S Sweden”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Centaurea,scabiosa,,Greater Knapweed,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Centaurea,scabiosa, ,,,,,”seeds germ at once or soon after harvest, seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Centaurea,scabiosa, ,Greater Knapweed,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Centaurea,scabiosa,Compositae ,Greater Knapweed,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Centaurea,scabiosa, ,Greater Knapweed,,P,,”Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World”Minor weed in all parts of Europe: N1, C1, S1, W1 “Elsevier's Dictionary of Weeds of Western Europe”“,All Europe,Western Australian Prohibited List Centaurea,solstitialis,,”St Barnaby's thistle, golden star thistle, yellow centaurea, yellow cockspur, yellow star-thistle”,,NLP,NSW; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Centaurea,solstitialis, ,Yellow Starthistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Centaurea,solstitialis, ,Yellow Starthistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Centaurea,solstitialis, ,Yellow star thistle,,,,100% germ in darkness at 20C; 98% germ at 20-30C with alt. light/dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Centaurea,solstitialis, ,Yellowe Starthistle,,,,,”Mainland Europe, less in Central & Northern region & UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Centaurea,solstitialis, ,”St Barnaby's thistle, golden star thistle, yellow centaurea, yellow cockspur, yellow star-thistle”,,,,”comp. with pastures & crops for moisture & nutrients & large rosettes shade useful pasture sp.; forms dense patches, restricting stock movement, injures grazing animals & dogs in eyes, mouth & feet, contributes to vegetable fault in wool; toxic to horses”,”native of the Medit region & W Asia, has spread to most temp areas of world; well estab. & spreading in USA, troublesome on cultivated land in S Afr & S Amer, Arg, Chile & Uruguay; considered weed in most of its native range; minor import. in NZ”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Centaurea,solstitialis, ,Yellow starthistle ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Centaurea,solstitialis, ,yellow star thistle,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Centaurea,solstitialis, ,St Barnaby's thistle,,,,,,Weed Science List Centaurea,solstitialis, ,yellow starthistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Centaurea,solstitialis, ,St Barnaby's thistle,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Centaurea,spp., ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Centaurea,spp., ,knapweeds,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Centaurea,squarrosa, ,Squarrose Knapweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Centaurea,squarrosa, ,squarrose knapweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Centaurea,sulphurea, ,Sicilian Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Centaurea,virgata var. squarrosa, , Squarrose knapweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Centaurea,vochinensis, ,Vochin knapweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Centaurea,vulgaris, , ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Centaurea ,nigra, ,”black knapweed, common knapweed, knapweed, lesser knapweed, Spanish buttons”,,,,”not eaten by grazing animals, reduces pasture carrying capacity; allelopathic compounds produced, reducing germ & early seedling estab. of some sp.; invades overgrazed or undeveloped pastures in higher rainfall areas”,”originated in Eur, now occurs in several temp areas of world, considered a minor problem in NE NAmer & British Isles, NZ & NW USA”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Centipeda,minima, ,,,,,annual sub-dominance , Upland Korea Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Centipeda,minima,”syn Centipeda minuta, Centipeda orbicularis”,,,,,”moist, sunny to slightly shaded sites, compounds, riverbanks, in desiccated riverbeds, often rather numerous; from 0-2600m alt; flowering Mar-Oct (Java); rainfed & upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”unknown, tropical & subtropical; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Centratherum,punctatum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cephalonoplos,segetum, ,,,,,biennial sub-dominance , Upland Korea ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Ceruana,pratensis,syn ,,,,,”Nile and irrigation canal banks in Upper Egypt, until building of Aswan High Dam. Most populations have now disappeared, due to unfavourable growing conditionsAncient Egypt plants were used for making baskets and mummy coffins. Now used for making broom”,”Egypt, Sudan, trop. NW Afr”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Chaenactis,douglasii, ,,,,,20% germ at 20C in darkness ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chamaemelum,fuscatum, ,,,,,”Anthemis fuscata, A. praecox”,S West Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chamaemelum,fuscatum,,,,,,”Anthemis fuscata, A. praecox”,S West Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chamaemelum,mixtum, ,,,,,”Anthemis mixta, Ormesis mixta”,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chamaemelum,mixtum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chamaemelum,mixtum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Chamaemelum,nobile,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chamaemelum,nobile,bas Anthemis nobilis L. (1753),Chamomile,,,,Anthemis nobilis,”Western Europe UK & Eire, less in Central Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chamaemelum,nobile,bas Anthemis nobilis L. (1753),,,,,,,Weed Science List Chamomilla,aurea, ,,,,,”Matricaria aurea, Perideraca aurea”,SW Medit Region,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chamomilla,aurea,Compositae ,,,,,”Matricaria aurea, Perideraca aurea”,SW Medit Region,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chamomilla,recutita, ,Scented Mayweed,,,,”Matricaria recutita, M. suaveolensEstablished in SA and NSW”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chamomilla,suaveolens, ,Pineapple Weed,,,,”Matricaria matricarioides, M. suaveolens, M. discoidea”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Charieis,heterophylla, ,,,,,”33% germ of seeds in darkness & 19% light; seeds soaked in water overnight, placed on moist filter paper & germ at 26C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chondrilla,juncea,,”skeleton weed, gum succory, naked weed, rush skeleton weed”,XXXX,L,Vic; SA; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chondrilla,juncea, ,Skeletonweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Chondrilla,juncea,,skeletonweed rush ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are nonnative species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Chromolaena,odorata,,"Siam weed ""Siam weed"" , christmas bush ""christmas bush"" ","pastures, oil palm, rubber, coffee, cashew, fruit, maize, forestry; toxic to livestock; major environmental weed: secondary forests, roadsides, disturbed sites",,"Northern Australian Quarantine Service, Target Weeds" Chondrilla,juncea, ,Skeleton Weed,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Vegetative,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,4,”,”Med, C Eur, W As, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Chondrilla,juncea, ,Skeletonweed,,,,”C. acantholepis, C. brevirostiris, C. canascens, C. graminea, C. latifolia”,”Mainland Europe, W Asia, N Amer & Aust”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chondrilla,juncea, ,”skeleton weed, gum succory, naked weed, rush skeleton weed”,,,,,”orig. from southern Soviet Union & Asia Minor west to Medit region inc. NAfr & Iberian Pen.; it is of little imprt. as weed excpt. in vine growing areas, fallow, lupin & cereal crops in Portugal, Spain, Italy Yugo & Lebanon;sprd to C Eur, N & S Amer & NZ”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Chondrilla,juncea, ,Rush skeletonweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Chondrilla,juncea, ,rush skeleton weed,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Chondrilla,juncea, ,Skeleton weed n ,,,,”PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoi”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Chondrilla,juncea, ,skeleton weed,,,,Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Chondrilla,juncea, ,”skeleton weed, chondrilla, rush skeleton weed”,,,,”Chondrilla juncea is a perennial composite that is not an important weed in its region of origin of Eurasia. However introduced into Australia in the early 1900s, it quickly infested thousands of hectares of pasture, wheat fields, roadsides and waste area”,originated in Eurasia,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Chondrilla,juncea, ,rusk skeletonweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chondrilla,juncea, ,skeleton weed,,P,,Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Chromolaena,odorata, ,”chromolaena, siam weed”,,,,”tropical Africa, gardens, natural vegetation”,Fed. States of Micronesia; Guam; Papua New Guinea,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Chromolaena,odorata, ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Chromolaena,odorata,”Eupatorium conyzoides, Eupatorium odoratum”,”Siam weed, bitter weed, Christmas bush, devil weed, hagonoy, triffid weed”,E,LQ,Qld; WA; NT; NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chromolaena,odorata,,Siam weed,E,L,Qld; WA; NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chromolaena,odorata, (less weedy form),,,,,Region of origin southern Brazil; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - seed contaminant,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Chromolaena,odorata, (weedy form),,,,,”Region of origin W Indies, trop S Amer, Mexico; Extent of spread - locally common; Means of spread - seed contaminant”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Chromolaena,odorata, ,triffid weed,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigationWoody SpeciesInvades: forest margins, savanna, plantations,wooded kloofs, watercourses, roadsidesCultivated for: ornament”,”Origin: C & S Amer, West Indies”,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Chromolaena,odorata, ,triffid weed,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigationWoody SpeciesInvades: forest margins, savanna, plantations,wooded kloofs, watercourses, roadsidesCultivated for: ornament”,”Origin: C & S Amer, West Indies”,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Chromolaena,odorata, ,Siam weed,,,,,,Weed Science List Chromolaena,odorata, ,Siam weed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Chromolaena,ordata,” Eupatorium conyzoides, Eupatorium odoratum”,”Siam weed, bitter weed, Christmas bush, devil weed, hagonoy, triffid weed”,,,,”in tropics Siam weed very competitive with pasture & plantation crops, coconuts, rubber, tea, oil palm, sugarcane, pineapple & tobacco reducing yields & in estab. phase, chokes out these crops as well as young forest trees; competes with dryland rice; cau”,”native of C Amer from Mexico to Brazil, including West Indies; not a serious weed in its native range but is a transient coloniser of cleared areas in the Amazon forest; introd as an ornamental to Calcutta in India, spread through Bengal, Assam & Burma to”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Chrysanthemoides,monilifera,Osteospermum moniliferum,”boneseed, bitou bush, bietou, brother berry, Higgin's curse, jungle flower, salt bush”,HHHXXHw,NL,”Lord Howe Is.; Vic; Qld; SA; WA, NSW”,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chrysanthemoides,monilifera,Osteospermum moniliferum,”boneseed, bitou bush, bietou, brother berry, Higgin's curse, jungle flower, salt bush”,HXHXXwX,NL,”Lord Howe Is.; Vic; Qld; SA; WA, NSW”,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chrysanthemoides,monilifera, ,Boneseed,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,Water,animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Large Small to medium shrubhrub. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Chrysanthemoides,monilifera, ,”boneseed, bitou bush”,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Movement prohibited on roads (Section 52(2) applies)”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Chrysanthemoides,monilifera, ,”boneseed, bitou bush”,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Chrysanthemoides,monilifera, ,”boneseed, bitou bush”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Chrysanthemoides,monilifera ssp. rotundata,,Bitou Bush ,,,,Major WeedSHRUBS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Chrysanthemoides,monilifera ssp. rotundata,,Bitou Bush ,,,,Trees/Shrubs.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Chrysanthemoides,monilifera ssp. monilifera, Osteospermum moniliferum,”boneseed, bitou bush, bietou, brother berry, Higgin's curse, jungle flower, salt bush”,,,,”establishes in areas of native vegetation ranging from mallee scrub to wet sclerophyll forests, whether disturbed or not, & eventually out competes & eliminates many native sp.; has vigorous growth & has an absence of natural enemies; regenerates rapidly “,”native of southern & south-eastern coastal areas of S Afr where there are 6 ssp, only 2 introd. to Aust; occurs in USA (Cal), Sicily, southern France & NZ, but has become more troublesome in Aust than elsewhere”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Chrysanthemoides,monilifera ssp. rotundata, ,Bitou Bush,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Large Small to medium shrubhrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4”,”S Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Chrysanthemoides,monilifera ssp. rotundata, Osteospermum moniliferum,”boneseed, bitou bush, bietou, brother berry, Higgin's curse, jungle flower, salt bush”,,,,,”occurs along 60% of the NSW coast including 12 National Parks & 9 Nature Res, presently confined to coastal dunes & some forest areas & not extend more than 20km inland; Lord Howe Is. densely estab.; widespread & densely estab. in several areas in Vic, in”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Chrysanthemum,cinerariaefolium, ,,,,,”germ % increased with seed treated conc. sulphuric acid for 5-30 sec, washed in water for 4-5hrs, mixed with soil and sown; germ period 19-23 days”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chrysanthemum,coronarium,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chrysanthemum,coronarium, ,Crown Daisy,,,,,”Southern Europe, more to extreme south”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chrysanthemum,coronarium, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chrysanthemum,leucanthemum, ,Ox eye daisy,,,,seed germ well after harvest; germ remains high up to 61 wks of storage; high germ % in light at 20C & light at alt. temp of 20-30C; cold stratification (moist seed at 1-7C for 1wk) prior reduces light senitivity & seed able to germ in dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chrysanthemum,leucanthemum, ,Ox-eye daisy ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Chrysanthemum,leucanthemum, ,”oxeye daisy, Margarita”,,,,”Chrysanthemum leucanthemum has been declared a noxious weed in many areas. It is a weed of 13 crops in 40 countries and is frequently reported a principal weed of pastures. It is common in overgrazed pastures, waste areas and meadows.”,native of Eur,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Chrysanthemum,leucanthemum, ,oxeye daisy,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chrysanthemum,leucanthemum,,ox-eye daisy,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Chrysanthemum,myconis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chrysanthemum,myconis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Chrysanthemum,parthenium, ,feverfew,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chrysanthemum,segetum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chrysanthemum,segetum, ,,,,,”seeds germ at once or soon after harvest, seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 75% germ after dry storage at room temp over winter”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chrysanthemum,segetum, ,Corn Marigold,,,,,”All Europe, more in SE Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chrysanthemum,segetum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chrysanthemum,var. pinnatifidum, ,field oxeye daisy,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chrysothamnus,graveolens, ,greenplume rabbitbrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chrysothamnus,greenei, ,Greene rabbitbrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chrysothamnus,nauseosus, ,rubber rabbitbrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chrysothamnus,parryi, ,Parry rabbitbrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chrysothamnus,pulchellus, ,southwest rabbitbrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chrysothamnus,var. lanceolatus, ,lanceleaf rabbitbrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chrysothamnus,var. stenophyllus, ,small rabbitbrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chrysothamnus,viscidiflorus, ,”green rabbitbrush, douglas rabbitbrush”,,,,”Weed of Rangelands in Saratoga Wyoming, highly competitive brush species in conjunction with Ericameria nauseosa (gray rabbitbrush)”,,”WeedSSA, article proceedings, Vol 51, 1998” Chrysothamnus,viscidiflorus, ,Douglas rabbitbrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cichorium,endivia,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cichorium,endivia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cichorium,intybus,,chicory,,,,”RANK 3. “LESSER THREAT”Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Cichorium,intybus,,”chicory, witlof”,XXXXX,L,Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cichorium,intybus, ,Chicory,,,,70% germ with temp alt. of 20-30C & atl. exposure to light/dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cichorium,intybus, ,Chicory,,,,,”All Europe, except S Sweden & NE Europe, less in Sacndinavia, UK & Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cichorium,intybus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cichorium,intybus, ,”chichory, coffee weed, bachelors buttons, blue daisy, blue dandelion, blue sailors, succory”,,,,Cichorium intybus is a troublesome weed in 30 crops in more than 40 countries and sites on agricultural lands and is serious in many of them.,”frequent in W Asia, Australia, Eur, & N Amer with exception of Mexico; less frequent along the equator, or in the Pacific Islands, or in Afr, with only a few scattered reports in north and south. It is found in the extreme north of the former Sov. Union a”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Cichorium,intybus, ,chicory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cichorium,pumilum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cichorium,pumilum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cichorium ,endivia,syn C. pumilum,Chicory,,,,”fields, roadsidesGreen leaves eaten as salad; root used as a substitute for coffee or added to it for a special flavour”,”Medit, S Eur, W Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Cineraria,lyrata,,” cineraria, African marigold, wild parsely”,,LP,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cineraria,lyrata, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Cineraria,lyrata, ,” cineraria, African marigold, wild parsely”,,,,”not regarded as a seroius weed in S Afr, in Aust it is not a problem in vigorous competitive pastures, occurring mainly along roadsides, fence lines & in adjacent lightly grazed bushland; eaten by stock; not knwon to be toxic, but causes gas in cheese & u”,”native of S Afr is a common grassland plant in the Transvaal, Orange Free State, Lesotho, Cape Province & less commonly in Natal; doent appear to have been widely spread outside of Afr”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cineraria,lyrata, ,cineraria,,,,,,Weed Science List Cineraria,lyrata, ,cineraria,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cirsium,acarna,,soldier thistle,,LP,Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cirsium,acarna, ,Soldier thistle,,,,,,Weed Science List Cirsium,acarna, ,Soldier thistle,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cirsium,altissimum, ,tall thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cirsium,arvense,,"Common Name(s): Canada thistle, Creeping thistle","Avail nurseries, Weed Low Level Invasive , Additional Comments : Crowds out native species, allelopathic, introduced 1700's ""Perennial, 4 Feet high, flowers rosepurple, pink or white, numerous heads, stems erect and green , leaves alternate, irregul","Europe. Habitat: Roadsides, prairies, savannas, agricultural areas"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Cirsium,arvense,,thistle Canada ,"WEED OF CONCERN: Control and containment of existing populations of these noxious weeds is strongly encouraged in King County, Washington State.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Cirsium,arvense,Cirsium lanatum,”perennial thistle, Californian thistle, Canada thistle, corn thistle, creeping thistle, perennial creeping thistle”,XXX,L,NSW; Vic; SA; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cirsium,arvense, ,Canada Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cirsium,arvense, ,Canada Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cirsium,arvense, ,Canada thistle,,,,”fresh seed needs pretreatment with cold (1-2C, seed moist) for 7 days, light for 3 days, germ at constant 20C; 91% germ of 2yr old seed alt. temp of 15C (16hrs)-30C (8hrs) in dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cirsium,arvense, ,Creeping Thistle,,,,”C. argenteum, C horridum”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cirsium,arvense, ,Canada thistle,,,,”2,4-D/MCPA 1985 Hungary “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Cirsium,arvense, ,Canada thistle,,,,MCPA 1979 Sweden , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Cirsium,arvense, ,Canada thistle ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Cirsium,arvense, ,Canada thistle,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Cirsium,arvense, ,Perennial thistle N # ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mo”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Cirsium,arvense, ,”perennial thistle, Californian thistle, Canada thistle”,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Cirsium,arvense, ,,,,, , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cirsium,arvense, ,Canada thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cirsium,arvense, ,”perennial thistle, Californian thistle, Canada thistle”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cirsium,arvense,,Canada thistle,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Cirsium,centaureae, Cirsium americanum,,,,,full seed 50% germ at 18C in dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cirsium,flodmani, ,Flodman thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cirsium,heterophyllum, ,,,,,”seeds germ in 1st spring after collection; seeds germ soon after harvest, exposed to temps similiar to those prevailing outdoors; seeds left in germinator until germ or rotted; 70% germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cirsium,hillii, ,,,,,52% germ of seeds planted in greenhouse in late autumn of year collected; germ over 13-41 days after planting; seeds planted in soil & kept outdoors for 83 days during autumn & winter 72% germ within 11-98 days once in greenhouse,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cirsium,horridulum, ,Yellow thistle,,,,poor germ of seeds collected in early summer & tested in Sept. on moist paper toweling in a saturated atmosphere at room temp; seed surface sterilized for 2min in 5% sodium hypochlorite & rinsed in sterile water germ better than unsterilized seed,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cirsium,horridulum, ,yellow thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cirsium,japonicum, ,,,,, , Miyasaki Oita ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cirsium,japonicum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cirsium,muticum, ,,,,,8% germ of seed planted in greenhouse in late autumn of year collected; germ over 29-299 days; seeds planted & kept outdoors for 83 days during late autumn & winter also germ 8% but germ occurred over 21-42 days afte transfer to greenhouse,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cirsium,nipponicum, ,,,,, , Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cirsium,nipponicum, ,,,,, ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cirsium,ochrocentrum, ,Yellowspine Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cirsium,oleraceum, ,,,,,”seeds germ well after harvest, seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cirsium,pitcheri, ,,,,,48% germ of seeds planted in greenhouse in late autumn of year collected; germ occurred over 13-69 days; seed planted in soil & kept outdoors over autumn & winter for 71 days germ 84% within 7-28 days after transfer to greenhouse,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cirsium,pumilum, ,pasture thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cirsium,tanakae, ,,,,, , Miyagi ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cirsium,undulatum, ,Wavyleaf Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cirsium,undulatum, ,,,,,”76% germ of seeds with alt. temp of 20-30C, & alt. light/dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cirsium,vulgare,”Carduus lanceolatus, Carduus vulgaris, Cirsium lanceolatum”,”spear thistle, black thistle, bull thistle, fuller's thistle, Scotch thistle, swamp thistle”,HHXAHX,L,Vic; SA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cirsium,vulgare,,thistle bull ,"WEED OF CONCERN: Control and containment of existing populations of these noxious weeds is strongly encouraged in King County, Washington State.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Cirsium,vulgare, ,Bull Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cirsium,vulgare, Cirsium lanceolatum,Bull thistle,,,,”40% germ of seeds in dark at 20C, 80% in dark at temp alt. 20-30C & 72% with alt. light/dark at 20-3-C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cirsium,vulgare, ,Spear Thistle,,,,”C. lanceolatum, C. crinitum, C. microcephalum, C. strigosum”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cirsium,vulgare, ,Bull thistle ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Cirsium,vulgare, ,”spear thistle, Scotch thistle”,,,,”Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: grassland, roadsides, old & degraded lands, vlei & dam margins, riverbanks, in cool, high rainfall areas.Cultivated for: ornamental”,Origin: Europe & Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Cirsium,vulgare, ,”spear thistle, Scotch thistle”,,,,”Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: grassland, roadsides, old & degraded lands, vlei & dam margins, riverbanks, in cool, high rainfall areas.Cultivated for: ornamental”,Origin: Europe & Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Cirsium,vulgare, ,Spear thistle * ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”, ,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Cirsium,vulgare, ,spear thistle,,,,,,Weed Science List Cirsium,vulgare, ,”black thistle, bull thistle, scotch thistle, spear thistle”,,,,”Cirsium vulgare is a robust, spiny, unpalatable thistle that is the scourage of pastures and rangelands in 20 countries. It is a weed in more than 50 countries and troublesome in 20 crops”,as a weed it is confined to the north and south temperate zones. ,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Cirsium,vulgare, ,bull thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cirsium ,arvense, Cirsium lanatum,”perennial thistle, Californian thistle, Canada thistle, corn thistle, creeping thistle, perennial creeping thistle”,,,,”occurs commonly throughout Gippsland & parts of W. Districts in Vic as weed of pastures, isolated patches in NSW, widespd in all farming dist. in Tas, no import. in other States where only isolated patches have occurred & been eradicated”,”originated in Eur, NAfr, W Asia &as far east as China & Japan, recognised as import. weed in southern Eur as early as 16thC; spread to most temp parts of world; prob. & most import. weed of NAmer, Canada & NZ; consid. most persistent & troublesome thistle”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cirsium ,vulgare, ,Spear Thistle,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4-9,11-15”,”Eur, As, N Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cirsium ,vulgare,” Carduus lanceolatus, Carduus vulgaris, Cirsium lanceolatum”,”spear thistle, black thistle, bull thistle, fuller's thistle, Scotch thistle, swamp thistle”,,,,”rosettes cover up to a 1/3 sq.m, reduce carrying capacity of paddocks with dense infestations, stock dont readily graze it, comp. with pastures & cereal crops”,”originated in Eur, W Asia, N Afr, has spread to most temp regions of the world; occurs commonly in N Amer; import. & widespd weed of pastures & neglected areas in NZ & S Afr”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cirsium ,vulgare,,bull thistle,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Cnicus,benedictus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cnicus,benedictus, ,Blessed Thistle,,,,,”Southern Europe, less Eastern Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cnicus,benedictus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cnicus,benedictus, ,blessed thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Coleostephus,myconis, ,,,,,”Chrysanthemum myconis, Myconia myconis, Leucanthemum myconis”,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Coleostephus,myconis,Compositae ,,,,,”Chrysanthemum myconis, Myconia myconis, Leucanthemum myconis”,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Conyza,aegyptiaca,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Conyza,aegyptiaca, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Conyza,albida,Conyza sumatrensis,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Conyza,bibaoana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Conyza,bilbaoana,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Conyza,bonariensis,,,XXXXX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Conyza,bonariensis, ,Hairy Fleabane,,,,”C. ambigua, Erigeron bonariensis, E. crispus”,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Conyza,bonariensis, ,Hairy fleabane,,,,”sulfonylureas 1993 Israel Forest, Industrial “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,bonariensis, ,Hairy fleabane,,,,paraquat 1989 Japan Roadside , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,bonariensis, ,Hairy fleabane,,,,paraquat 1993 Egypt , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,bonariensis, ,Hairy fleabane,,,,simazine 1987 Spain Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,bonariensis, ,Hairy fleabane,,,,”triazines 1993 Israel Forest, Industrial “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,bonariensis,syn Erigeron bonariense; E. crispus; E. linifolius; Conyza ambigua; C. linifolia,Fleabane,,,,roadsides and negelected land both in dry and moist habitats,”Naturalised from trop. Amer, widely naturalised in Medit, Asia, & many subtrop. & warm regions of the world”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Conyza,bonariensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Conyza,canadensis,,”Canadian fleabane, Canadian horseweed, horseweed”,XXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Conyza,canadensis, ,Canadian Fleabane,,,,Erigeron canadensis,”All Europe, except Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Conyza,canadensis, ,Horseweed ,,,,linuron 1988 France Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,canadensis, ,Horseweed ,,,,”sulfonylureas 1993 Israel Forest, Industrial “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,canadensis, ,Horseweed ,,,,paraquat 1980 Japan Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,canadensis, ,Horseweed ,,,,paraquat 1993 Canada Peach , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,canadensis, ,Horseweed ,,,,”atrazine 1987 Czech Republic Corn, Nurseries,”, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,canadensis, ,Horseweed ,,,,atrazine 1987 Spain Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,canadensis, ,Horseweed ,,,,”atrazine 1989 Belgium Corn, Nurseries, “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,canadensis, ,Horseweed ,,,,simazine 1982 United Kingdom Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,canadensis, ,Horseweed ,,,,triazines 1981 France , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,canadensis, ,Horseweed ,,,,”triazines 1982 Switzerland Corn, Nurseries, “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,canadensis, ,Horseweed ,,,,triazines 1983 Poland Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,canadensis, ,Horseweed ,,,,”triazines 1993 Israel Forest, Industrial “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,canadensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Conyza,canadensis,syn ,”Canada fleabane, butterweed, blood-stanch, colt's tail, fireweed, hogweed, horseweed, mare's tail, pride weed”,,,,Conyza canadensis is a weed in 70 countries and appears in more than 40 crops,prospers as a weed mainly in the north temperate zone although it has worldwide distribution.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Conyza,chilensis,C. scabiosifolia? &/or C. primulifolia,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Conyza,chilensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Conyza,japonica, ,,,,, Weeds of sown grassland ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Conyza,leucantha,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Conyza,linifolia, ,Horseweed ,,,,diquat 1989 Egypt , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,parva,C. canadensis var. pusilla,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Conyza,parva, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Conyza,primulifolia,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Conyza,scabiosifolia,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Conyza,sumatrensis, ,Sumatran Fleabane,,,,”paraquat 1980 Taiwan Cropland, Roadside, “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,sumatrensis, ,Sumatran Fleabane,,,,”paraquat 1987 Japan Cropland, Roadside “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza,sumatrensis, ,Sumatran Fleabane,,,,paraquat 1990 Malaysia Vegetables , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Conyza ,aegyptiaca,syn ,,,,,Nile and canal banks,”trop. & subtrop. Afr, Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Conyza ,albida,,Fleabane,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Conyza ,albida, ,Fleabane,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,Water,W. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2-9,12,13”,”N&S Am, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Coreopsis,grandiflora,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Coreopsis,grandiflora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Coreopsis,lanceolata,C. grandiflora misapplied in WA,tickseed,HXw,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Coreopsis,lanceolata, ,,,,,”62% germ over 14-217 days of seed held in soil outdoors for 112 days during autumn & winter, then transferred to greenhouse; seeds planted directly into greenhouse germ 90% but over 90-329 days “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Coreopsis,lanceolata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Coreopsis,tinctoria, ,plains coreopsis,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Coreopsis,verticillata, ,,,,,22% germ in greenhouse in Feb from seed collected previous summer & dry stored until planted,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cosmos,bipinnatus,,”cosmos, garden cosmos”,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cosmos,bipinnatus, ,Cosmos,,,,Dispersal: ?Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,”Introduced deliberately from: C Am and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cosmos,bipinnatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cosmos,bipinnatus,,cosmos,,,,”RANK 3. “LESSER THREAT”Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Cosmos,capitata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cosmos,capitata, ,,,,,Region of origin - Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Cosmos,caudatus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cosmos,caudatus, ,,,,,”85% germ of seeds planted soon after harvest, in sand sterilized with 2% mercuric chloride”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cosmos,caudatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cosmos,sulphureus,,cosmos,,,,”RANK 3. “LESSER THREAT”Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Cotula,abyssinica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cotula,abyssinica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cotula,anthemoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cotula,anthemoides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cotula,anthemoides,syn ,,,,,”canal banks, moist ground”,”trop. & S Afr, W Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Cotula,australis,Anacyclus austsralis,”carrot weed, batchelor's button, common cotula”,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cotula,australis, Anacyclus austsralis,”carrot weed, batchelor's button, common cotula”,,,,”locally common in grasslands, but rarely eaten by stock, because of its very strong odour; more common as a weed of lawns, gardens & playing fields”,,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cotula,australis, ,carrot weed,,,,,,Weed Science List Cotula,australis, ,southern brassbuttons,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cotula,australis, ,carrot weed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cotula,bipinnata,,Ferny Cotula,HX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cotula,bipinnata, ,Ferny Cotula,,,,”Dispersal: Water,?animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 11”,”S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cotula,bipinnata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cotula,coronopifolia,,water buttons,HX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cotula,coronopifolia, ,Water Buttons,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Annual/Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,9,10,11”,”S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cotula,coronopifolia, ,,,,,,”Western Europe, UK, Eire & Norway”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cotula,coronopifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cotula,turbinata,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cotula,turbinata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crassocephalum,crepidiodes, ,,,,, Weeds of sown grassland ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Crassocephalum,crepidioides,,”redflower ragleaf, thickhead”,X,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crassocephalum,crepidioides, ,Thickhead,,,,,,Weed Science List Crassocephalum,crepidioides,syn Gynura crepidioides,thick head,,,,”arable land, rivers & roadsides, tean & cinchona plantations, particularly in wet localities; from 250-2500m alt; flowers all year round; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, readily eaten by livestock & a useful green fodder for poultry”,”tropical Afr, tropics of Asia; in 1926 first found near Medan (N Sumatra); deliberately imported to Java where it soon became naturalised & spread throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Crassocephalum,crepidioides, ,Thickhead,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Crassocephalum,crepidoides, ,,,,,”tropical America, plantations, waste land”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Crassocephalum,crepoidiodes, , ,,,,paraquat 1990 Malaysia Vegetables , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Crepis,biennis, ,Rough hawksbeard,,,,seeds germ soon after harvested; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Crepis,biennis, ,Rough Hawk's Beard,,,,,All Europe except S Sweden,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Crepis,biennis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crepis,biennis, ,rough hawksbeard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Crepis,bullosa,,,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crepis,bullosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crepis,bullosa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Crepis,capillaris,,Smooth Hawksbeard,HX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crepis,capillaris, ,Smooth Hawksbeard,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual/Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,6,8,13,14,15”,”Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Crepis,capillaris, ,Smooth hawksbeard,,,,92% germ with alt. light/dark & alt. temp 20-30C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Crepis,capillaris, ,Smooth Hawk's Beard,,,,C. virens,”All Europe except Norway, Finland & N Sweden”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Crepis,capillaris, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crepis,capillaris, ,smooth hawksbeard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Crepis,dioscoridis,(?? is this Crepis setosa in other States),,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crepis,foetida,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crepis,foetida, ,Stinking Hawk's Beard,,,,”Barkhousia foetide, C. rhoeadifolia, C. striornyi, Rodigia commutata, R. bulgarica”,Mainland Europe & UK except Denmark ,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Crepis,foetida, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crepis,neglecta, ,,,P,,”No records of species presence in Australia, found as a contaminant in Turf seed from OS.Last up date to Web site from to this record: 31 July 1998”,”Distribution: Albania, Bulgaria, Crete, Greece, Italy, Jugoslavia, Sicily, Turkey.”,Western Australian Prohibited List Crepis,nicaeenus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crepis,occidentalis, ,Western hawksbeard,,,,”no germ with temp alt. 20-30C; 8% germ with 15C & alt. light/dark, 20C in dark, 20-30C with alt. light/dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Crepis,occidentalis, ,western hawksbeard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Crepis,pusilla,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crepis,pusilla, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crepis,sancta, ,,,,,”Lagoseris sancta, L. bifida, L. macrantha, Pterotheca sancta”,”Eastern & Southern Europe, less in SW Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Crepis,sancta,Compositae ,,,,,”Lagoseris sancta, L. bifida, L. macrantha, Pterotheca sancta”,”Eastern & Southern Europe, less in SW Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Crepis,setosa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crepis,setosa, ,Bristly Hawk's Beard,,,,”C. dobrogica, Barkhousia setosa”,”Central to Southern Europe, less in North”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Crepis,setosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crepis,tectorum, ,Narrowleaf hawksbeard,,,,”all, or most seed germ in 1st spring; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps prevailing outdoors until germ; 94 % germ, 77% germ after 3yrs, 9% germ after 5yrs, &0% germ after 6yrs dry storage in paper bags at room temp”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Crepis,tectorum, ,,,,,,”All Europe except Greece, Uk & Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Crepis,tectorum,Compositae ,,,,,,”All Europe except Greece, Uk & Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Crepis,tectorum, ,narrowleaf hawksbeard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Crepis,vesicaria,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crepis,vesicaria, ,Beaked Hawk's Beard,,,,C. taraxacifolia,”SW Europe, UK & Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Crepis,zacintha, ,,,,,Zacintha verrucosa,”Southern & Western Europe, found as far East as S Russia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Crepis,zacintha,Compositae ,,,,,Zacintha verrucosa,”Southern & Western Europe, found as far East as S Russia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Crupina,vulgaris,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crupina,vulgaris, ,Bearded Creeper ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Crupina,vulgaris, ,,,,,C. acuta,Southern to SE Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Crupina,vulgaris, ,Common crupina ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Crupina,vulgaris, ,common crupina,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Crupina,vulgaris,,,terrestrial,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Crupina,vulgaris, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cynara,cardunculus,,”artichoke thistle, wild artichoke, cardoon, Scotch thistle”,HXX,L,Vic; SA; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cynara,cardunculus, ,Artichoke Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cynara,cardunculus, ,Artichoke Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cynara,cardunculus, ,Artichoke Thistle,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,animal external.animal (not bird), internal.Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,8”,”Med and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cynara,cardunculus, ,”artichoke thistle, wild artichoke, cardoon, Scotch thistle”,,,,”import. weed of pastures & occasionally, lucerne; was estab. dominates the vegetation of an area; large plants with dense foliage shade pasture sp. & draw moisture & nutrients from the soil; animals will eat leaves & graze on them only when hungry”,”native of Medit region has now spread to several temp areas of world; imported to N Amer as edible plant, now a weed in California; occurs in NZ, is import. weed in Arg, Chile, Brazil & Uruguay, Spain, & Morocco”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cynara,cardunculus, ,”wild artichoke, artichoke thistle, cardoon”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Cynara,cardunculus, ,Wild artichoke * ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Cynara,cardunculus, ,”artichoke thistle, Cardoon, wild artichoke”,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Cynara,cardunculus, ,”artichoke thistle, Cardoon, wild artichoke”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cynara,scolymus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cynara,scolymus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cynara,spp., ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Delairea,odorata,Senecio mikanioides,Cape ivy,HHXXXw,NL,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Delairea,odorata, ,Cape Lvy,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative,?Wind. Life Form: Vine. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,5,6,7,8,13”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Delairea,odorata, ,Cape Ivy ,,,,Vines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Delairea,odorata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Dichrocephala,bicolor, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Dichrocephala,bicolor, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Dichrocephala,integrifolia,”syn Dichrocephala bicolor, Dichrocephala latifolia, Cotula latifolia, Grangea latifolia”,,,,,”sunny or light or rather heavily shaded, always moist, preferably stony areas; along roads & trails, compounds, along water courses & borders of cultivated land; usually scattered, sometimes numerous; in Java form 30-2400m, in Irian Jaya to 3000m alt; mai”,”tropical Asia, from Asia through Malesia to Aust, the Pacific & Afr; everywhere in Indonesia except Kalimantan”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Dimorphotheca,ecklonis,,Dimorphotheca,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Dimorphotheca,ecklonis, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised - spreading; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Dimorphotheca,ecklonis, ,Dimorphotheca,,,,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 5,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Dimorphotheca,pluvialis,,Cape marigold,XXH,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Dimorphotheca,pluvialis, ,Cape Marigold,,,,”Dispersal: ?Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Dimorphotheca,pluvialis, ,,,,,54% germ of seed in dark at 26C; seed soaked overnight in water only those that swelled used,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Dimorphotheca,pluvialis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Dimorphotheca,sinuata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Dimorphotheca,sinuata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Dittrichia,graveolens,Inula graveolens,”stinkwort, camphor inula, stink-weed”,XXX,L,Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Dittrichia,graveolens, ,Stinkweed,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,3,4,5”,”Med, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Dittrichia,graveolens, ,,,,,”Inula graveolens, Cupularia graveolens”,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Dittrichia,graveolens, Inula graveolens,”stinkwort, camphor inula, stink-weed”,,,,”strongest smeling of all weeds because of its aromatic oil produced by glandular hairs on most parts of the plant; camphor-like smell, repells grazing animals, eating the plant only when very young; oil discolours wool, taints meat & milk”,”native of Medit region, occurs in several temp areas of the world, it only in S Afr, Aust, & NZ & parts of its native range that it is regarded as a weed; troublesome in cereal areas of Cape Province of S Afr & occurs throughout southern Eur & Morocco as “,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Dittrichia,graveolens, ,stinkwort,,,,,,Weed Science List Dittrichia,viscosa,,false yellowhead,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Dittrichia,viscosa, ,,,,,”Inula viscosa, Cupularia viscosa”,,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Dittrichia,viscosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Dyssodia,papposa, ,fetid marigold,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Echinacea,paradoxa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Echinops,sphaerocephalus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Echinops,sphaerocephalus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eclipta,alba,syn Verbesina alba; Eclipta prostrata,False daisy,,,,”canal banks, moist ground; naturalised”“Juice of plant applied to scalp to promote hair growth, taken internally it blackens the hair and beard”““,trop. & warm temp. Amer; naturalised Old World,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Eclipta,alba, ,yerb-de-tago,,,, , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Eclipta,alba, ,yerba-de-tago,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eclipta,prostrata, ,,,,,annual , Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Eclipta,prostrata,”syn Eclipta alba, E. erecta var. prostrata, E. erecta var. erecta, E. erecta var. zippeliana, Verbesina prostrata”,”false daisy, whiteheads”,,,,”adaptable to changing evironmental conditions, usually on poorly drained, wet areas along streams & ditches in marshes, on sunny places; from the seacoast (endures saline conditions) to 2000m; flowering all year round; can produce more than 17 000 seeds/p”,”unknown, world-wide, tropical & subtropical; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Egletes,prostrata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Egletes,prostrata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Elephantopus,mollis,,”tobacco weed, Elephants leaf”,,GLP,Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Elephantopus,mollis, ,,,,,Region of origin - trop. Amer; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental ?,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Elephantopus,mollis, ,tobacco weed,,,,,,Weed Science List Elephantopus,mollis, ,tobacco weed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Elephantopus,mollis (= E. scaber),= E. scaber,”elephant's foot, tobacco weed”,,,,”Caribbean, vegetables, field crops, tree crops”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Elephantopus,scaber,,tobacco weed,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Elephantopus,scaber, ,tobacco weed,,,,,,Weed Science List Elephantopus,scaber, ,elephantsfoot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Elephantopus,scaber, ,tobacco weed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Elephantopus,spicatus, ,,,,,”71% germ of dry stored seed at room temp for several mths, then planted in moist sand”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Elephantopus,tomentosus, ,tobacco weed,,,,,,Weed Science List Elephantopus,tomentosus, ,tobacco weed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eleutheranthera,ruderalis, ,,,,,”Caribbean, “,Cook Islands; Fiji; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tokelau; Tonga; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Eleutheranthera,ruderalis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eleutheranthera,ruderalis,”syn Eleutheranthera ovata, Eleutheranthera prostrata”,,,,,”sunny to rather densely shaded, not too dry areas, in regions with a more or less pronounced dry season; in fields & compounds, alang-aland & other grass fields, along roadsides, under hedges & in village tree clumps; locally abundant; up to 800m alt; upl”,”tropical Amer , in 1888 observed in W Java for the first time; has now spread throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Elytropappus,rhinocerotis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Elytropappus,rhinocerotis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Emilia,sonchifolia, ,”emilia, red tassel flower”,,,,”tropical America, “,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Emilia,sonchifolia,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Emilia,sonchifolia,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Emilia,sonchifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Emilia,sonchifolia, ,,,,, Weeds of sown grassland ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Emilia,sonchifolia, ,”emilia, purple sow thistle, red groundsel, red tassel-flower”,,,,”Emilia sonchifolia is an annual herbaceous plant common in both cultivated and undisturbed areasof 54 countries, often as an early colonizer of disturbed sites. It is a reported weed of 29 crops in 54 countries ann infests bananas, cassava, maize, pineapp”,native of the Old World tropics and now occurs in the tropical and subtropical areas of 54 countries.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Emilia,sonchifolia, ,red tasselflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Encelia,mexicana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Encelia,mexicana, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Endrya,sessilis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Endrya,sessilis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Enhydra,fluctuans,”syn Enhydra linifolia, Enhydra longifolia, Enhydra paludosa, Tetractis paludosa”,,,,,”sunny & marshy cultivated areas in & along ditches & water courses, & margins of fishponds; up to 1800m alt; usually gregarious; irrigated, lebak & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance; impedes water flow in streams, a good vegetable, also cultiv”,”Indochina, in Indonesia: Java, Sumatra & Sulawesi”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Erechtites,glomerata, ,Australian Fireweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Erechtites,gomerata, ,Australian fireweed,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Erechtites,hieracifolia, ,American burnweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Erechtites,minima, ,Australian Fireweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Erechtites,minima, ,Toothed coast burnweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Erechtites,prenanthoides, ,Australian burnweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Erechtites,valerianifolia,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erechtites,valerianifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ericameria,nauseosa,syn Chrysothamnus nauseosa,gray rabbitbrush,,,,”Weed of Rangelands in Saratoga Wyoming, highly competitive brush species in conjunction with Chrysothamnus viscidflorus (douglas rabbitbrush)”,,”WeedSSA, article proceedings, Vol 51, 1998” Erigeron,acer, ,Blue Fleabane,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Erigeron,acer,Compositae ,Blue Fleabane,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Erigeron,annuus, ,,,,,Stenactis annua,”Mainland Europe, except Greece & Russia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Erigeron,annuus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Erigeron,annuus, ,,,,, ,Shimane Shizuoka Upland Japan Hokkaido Miyagi Niigata Oita Okayama Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Erigeron,annuus, ,annual fleabane,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Erigeron,annuus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Erigeron,bonariense, ,,,,,68% germ of seeds placed on moist soil & covered with polyethylene film in light,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Erigeron,canadensis, ,Horseweed,,,,seed begins to germ almost immediately after harvest; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Erigeron,canadensis, ,,,,,biennial sub-dominance ,Shimane Upland Korea Upland Japan Hokkaido Miyagi Miyasaki Niigata Okayama ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Erigeron,canadensis, ,horseweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Erigeron,divaricatus, ,dwarf fleabane,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Erigeron,karvinskianus,,”Mexican daisy, seaside daisy”,w,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erigeron,karvinskianus, (OTHERS?),,,,,,,Weed Science List Erigeron,linifolius, ,,,,, , Upland Korea ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Erigeron,philadelphicus, ,Philadelphia fleabane,,,,paraquat 1980 Japan Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Erigeron,philadelphicus, ,Philadelphia fleabane,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Erigeron,pulchellus, ,robinsplantain,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Erigeron,speciosus, ,Oregon fleabane,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Erigeron,strigosus, ,rough fleabane,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Erigeron,sumatrensis, , ,,,,paraquat 1980 Japan Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Erigeron,sumatrensis, ,,,,, Weeds of sown grassland ,Shimane Shizuoka Miyasaki Oita Okayama Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Erigeron ,spp., ,,,,,needs light for germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Eriocephalus,africanus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eriocephalus,africanus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eriocephalus,racemosus,,,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eriocephalus,racemosus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eriophyllum,lanatum, ,,,,,”84% germ alt. temps 20-30C in dark, 80% at 20C constant in dark, 64% germ at 20-30C with alt. light/dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Erlangea,laxa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Erlangea,laxa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ethulia,conyzoides,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ethulia,conyzoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euchiton,audax,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eupatorium,adenophorum, ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Eupatorium,adenophorum, ,pamakani,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eupatorium,cannabinum, ,,,,,seeds germ in 1st & 2nd spring; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 94% germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Eupatorium,cannabinum, ,Hemp Agrimony,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Eupatorium,cannabinum,Compositae ,Hemp Agrimony,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Eupatorium,capillifolium, ,dog fennel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eupatorium,compositifolium, ,yankeeweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eupatorium,glandulosum, ,sticky eupatorium,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eupatorium,japonicum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eupatorium,japonicum, ,chinense,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eupatorium,liatrideum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eupatorium,liatrideum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eupatorium,macrocephalum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eupatorium,macrocephalum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eupatorium,maculatum, ,joepyeweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eupatorium,odoratum, ,,,,, Seed Impurities , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Eupatorium,odoratum,”syn Eupatorium odoratum, Chromolaena ordata”,Siam weed ,,,,”prefers well-drained sites, sunny or slightly shaded areas (dies under a closed tree canopy), in brushwood, abandoned land & wastelands; invades clearings rapidly; grows very quickly & has an enormous seed production; there might be allelopathic substance”,”C & S Amer, pantropical; introd in Java via Thailand (hence called ““Siam weed”“), then spread throughout Indonesia; also in SE Aust, N India, S Afr & Peru”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Eupatorium,pallescens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eupatorium,pallescens, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eupatorium,perfoliatum, ,boneset,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eupatorium,purpureum, ,sweetscented joepyeweed,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eupatorium,purpureum, ,,,,,30% germ of seed exposed to freezing & thawing conditions while stored outside over winter once planted in greenhouse; light may be beneficial,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Eupatorium,purpureum, ,sweetscented joepyeweed,,P,,Listed in The Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes.No records for species in Australia.,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eupatorium,riparium, ,river eupatorium,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eupatorium,rotundifolium, ,,,,,”6% germ of seed exposed to low temp in soil outdoors for 71days, 1% germ of seed planted directly in greenhouse”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Eupatorium,rugosum, ,white snakeroot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eupatorium,serotinum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eupatorium,serotinum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eupatorium,serotinum, ,late eupatorium,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eupatorium,spp., ,dog fennel,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Euryops,abrotanifolius,,”euryops, geelmagriet”,HX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euryops,abrotanifolius, ,Euryops,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 2,5”,”Introduced deliberately from: Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Euryops,abrotanifolius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euryops,chrysanthemoides,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euryops,chrysanthemoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euryops,spathaceus, ,,,,,”50% germ of seeds presoaked overnight(swollen seed only used), on moist filter paper at 26C in dark within 2wks”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Evax,multicaulis, ,manystem evax,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Evax,pygmea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Facelis,apiculata, ,facelis,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Facelis,retusa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Facelis,retusa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Felicia,bergeriana, ,,,,,83% germ of seed presoaked overnight (swollen seed only used); germ at 26C in dark within 2mths,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Felicia,petiolata,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Felicia,petiolata, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Felicia,rotundifolia, ,,,,,72% germ of seed presoaked overnight (swollen seed only used); germ at 26C in dark within 2mths,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Felicia,X Ferobergia, ,X Ferobergia spp.,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Filaginella,uliginosa, ,Marsh Cudweed,,,,Gnaphalium uliginosum,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Filaginella,uliginosa,Compositae ,Marsh Cudweed,,,,Gnaphalium uliginosum,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Filago,lutescens, ,Red tipped Cudweed,,,,”F. apiculata, F. germanica”,”Mainland Europe, UK & S Sweden except Greece and extreme NE Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Filago,lutescens,Compositae ,Red tipped Cudweed,,,,”F. apiculata, F. germanica”,”Mainland Europe, UK & S Sweden except Greece and extreme NE Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Filago,pygmea,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Filago,pyramidata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Filago,pyramidata, ,Broad leaved Cudweed,,,,”F. cossyrensis, F. cuneata, F. germanica, F. spathulata”,”Central, Southern and Western Europe & UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Filago,pyramidata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Filago,vulgaris, ,Cudweed,,,,”F. canescens, F. germanica, F. eriocephala”,”Mainland Europe, S Sweden & UK except Portugal & Extreme NE Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Filago,vulgaris,Compositae ,Cudweed,,,,”F. canescens, F. germanica, F. eriocephala”,”Mainland Europe, S Sweden & UK except Portugal & Extreme NE Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Flaveria,contrayerba, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Flaveria,contrayerba, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Fleischmannia,microstemon, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Fleischmannia,microstemon, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Flourensia,cernua, ,tarbush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Franseria,acanthicarpa, ,,,,,only 4% germ of seed tested within 1yr of collection at alt. temp of 20-30C in dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Franseria,acanthicarpa, ,annual bursage,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Franseria,confertiflora, ,slimleaf bursage,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Franseria,discolor, ,skeletonleaf bursage,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Franseria,tomentosa, ,woollyleaf bursage,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gaillardia,aristata,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gaillardia,aristata, ,,,,,84% germ at alt. temp 20-30C & alt. light/dark on moist blotters in petri dishes,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Gaillardia,aristata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gaillardia,pulchella,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gaillardia,pulchella,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gaillardia,pulchella, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gaillardia,pulchella, ,rosering gaillardia,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gaillardia,X grandiflora,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Galactites,tomentosum, ,Milk Thistle,,,,G. pumila,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Galactites,tomentosum,Compositae ,Milk Thistle,,,,G. pumila,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Galinsoga,ciliata, ,Hairy galinsoga,,,,seed collected at various periods after flwing; viable seed present between 5-6 days after flwing; germin daylight at 20-30C on towelling moistened with KNO3 soln; no general dormancy,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Galinsoga,ciliata, ,Shaggy Soldier,,,,”G. aristulata, G. caracasana, G. quadriradiata”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Galinsoga,ciliata,Compositae ,Shaggy Soldier,,,,”G. aristulata, G. caracasana, G. quadriradiata”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Galinsoga,ciliata, ,Hairy Galinsoga,,,,atrazine 1980 Germany Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Galinsoga,ciliata, ,Hairy Galinsoga,,,,triazines 1991 Switzerland Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Galinsoga,ciliata, ,Hairy Galinsoga,,,,imazethapyr 1996 USA Soybean , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Galinsoga,ciliata, ,hairy galinsoga,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Galinsoga,parviflora,,”smallflower galinsoga, potato weed, gallant soldier, yellow weed, joey hooker”,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Galinsoga,parviflora, ,Small flower galinsoga,,,,germ at alt. temp 5-15C; good germ of recently harvested seed at all temps between 10-35C; germ of seed harvested early or late in summer stimulated by light,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Galinsoga,parviflora, ,Gallant Soldier,,,,G. quinquiradiata,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Galinsoga,parviflora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Galinsoga,parviflora,syn Wollastona zollingeriana,yellow weed,,,,”in sunny to rather shady areas; has strong preference for porous, reasonably to very fertile not too dry soils; in arabale lands, gardens, roadsides, wastelands, forest margins, in light forests, in sugarcane, tea, coffee & cinchona plantations; locally v”,”Peru, tropical, temperate & subtropical regions; found for the first time in Java before 1890 & has spread throughout Indonesia, except Kalimantan & the Moluccas”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Galinsoga,parviflora, ,smallflower galinsoga,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Galinsoga,spp., ,quickweeds,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Gamochaeta,americana,Gnaphalium americanum,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gamochaeta,antillarum,Gnaphalium antillarum,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gamochaeta,calviceps,Gnaphalium calviceps,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gamochaeta,pennsylvanica,Gnaphalium pennsylvanicum,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gamochaeta,purpurea,”Gamochaeta spicata, Gnaphalium spicatum, Gnaphalium purpureum”,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gamochaeta,subfalcata,??now Gamochaeta calviceps,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gamolepis,chrysanthemoid, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Gamolepis,chrysanthemoides,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gazania,linearis,,Gazania,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gazania,linearis, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Gazania,linearis, ,Gazania,,,,”Dispersal: Water,?Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Gazania,linearis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gazania,rigens,,coastal gazania,XXHw,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gnaphalium,americanum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gnaphalium,calviceps, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gnaphalium,calviceps, ,linearleaf cudweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gnaphalium,chilense, ,,,,,0% germ over a number of different germ technqiues; tests conducted within 1yr after collection,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Gnaphalium,japonicum, ,,,,, Weeds of sown grassland ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Gnaphalium,luteo-album, ,,,,,germ well at constant temp 21C or lower,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Gnaphalium,luteo-album, ,Jersy Cudweed,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Gnaphalium,luteo-album,Compositae ,Jersy Cudweed,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Gnaphalium,luteo-album,syn ,Cudweed,,,,”Nile and canal banks, moist ground”,Widespread in temp. to subtrop. regions of the world,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Gnaphalium,macounii, ,clammy cudweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gnaphalium,microcephalum, ,,,,,92% germ with alt. light/dark at constant 15C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Gnaphalium,multiceps, ,,,,,biennial sub-dominance , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Gnaphalium,obtusifolium, var. praecox Gnaphalium polychephalum,Fragrant everlasting,,,,52% germ at 20-25C with diffuse light in 5-24 days; 35% germ in darrk at 20-25C in 5-36 days,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Gnaphalium,obtusifolium, ,fragrant cudweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gnaphalium,pensylvanicum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gnaphalium,peregrinum, ,wandering cudweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gnaphalium,polycaulon,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gnaphalium,pulvinatum,syn ,,,,,”Nile and canal banks, moist ground”,”Egypt, Sudan, Arabia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Gnaphalium,purpureum,,Purple Cudweed,HX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gnaphalium,purpureum, ,Purple Cudweed,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,Wind. Life Form: Annual/Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,13”,”N Am, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Gnaphalium,purpureum, ,Purple cudweed,,,,germ well at constant temp of 21C or lower,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Gnaphalium,purpureum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gnaphalium,purpureum, ,purple cudweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gnaphalium,subfalcatum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gnaphalium,uliginosum, ,Low cudweed,,,,optimum temp for germ 35C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Gnaphalium,uliginosum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gnaphalium,uliginosum, ,low cudweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gnaphalium,uliginosum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Gnaphalium,undulatum, ,,,,,germ well only at constant temp of 21C or lower,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Gorteria,personata,”Gorteria calendulacea, Gorteria diffusa var. calendulacea”,,,L,WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gorteria,personata,” Gorteria calendulacea, Gorteria diffusa var. calendulacea”,”WA-P1,P2, whole State”,,,,,recorded in WA for 1st time in 1964 on roadside between Moora & Miling; has since spread N & S along the western edge of the WA wheatbelt & now scattered over an area from 28º-32ºS lat; doesnt occur in any other State,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Gorteria,personata, ,gorteria,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Gorteria,personata, ,gorteria,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Grangea,maderaspatana,syn Cotula maderaspatana,marcella,,,,”in desiccated pools, ditches, waste places, teak forests; often gregarious; prefers heavy soils; from 4-800m alt.; rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, leaves are used against spasms in hysterics & against irregular menses”,”India, tropical Asia; in Indonesia: Java, Sumatra & the Lesser Sunda Islands”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Grindelia,camporum,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Grindelia,camporum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Grindelia,nana, ,,,,,64% germ with alt. 20-30C & alt. exposure to light with prechilling at with alt. temps of 15-25C with alt. exposure to light for 4wks.,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Grindelia,squarrosa, ,Gumweed,,,,8% germ at 15C with alt. light/dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Grindelia,squarrosa, var. quasiperennis Grindelia perennis,,,,,planted seeds in field in the autumn of year of collection; seeds exhibited high degree of dormancy & seedlings continued to emerge from original planting during all 5yrs of study,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Grindelia,squarrosa, ,gumweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Guizotia,abyssinica,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Guizotia,abyssinica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Guizotia,villosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Guizotia,villosa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Gutierrezia,dracunculoides, ,common broomweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gutierrezia,microcephala, ,threadleaf snakeweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gutierrezia,sarothrae, ,broom snakeweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gutierrezia,texana, ,Texas broomweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gymnocoronis,spilanthoides,,”Senegal tea plant, temple plant”,E,LP,Qld; NSW; Tas; SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gymnocoronis,spilanthoides, ,,,,,Region of origin - C AMer; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - Aquaria,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Gymnocoronis,spilanthoides, ,”Senegal tea plant, temple plant”,,,,”extremely hardy plant with a growth rate exceeding 15cm a week in fertile situations; long branching stems produce a tangled web of vegetative material that quickly covers the water surface; impedes water flow, navigation & recreation”,”native of trop & subtrop Amer from Mexico to Arg., which has been introd, mainly as an aquarium plant to other countries”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Gymnocoronis,spilanthoides, ,Senegal tea plant ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Movement prohibited on roads (Section 52(2) applies) Roadside control cost to be”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Gymnocoronis,spilanthoides, ,”Senegal tea plant, temple plant”,,,,,,Weed Science List Gymnocoronis,spilanthoides, ,”Senegal tea plant, temple plant”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Haplopappus,arborescens, ,fleece goldenweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Haplopappus,bloomeri, ,rabbitbrush goldenweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Haplopappus,coronopifolius, Halopappus glutinosus,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Haplopappus,laricifolius, ,turpentinebrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Haplopappus,plurifolius, ,jimmyweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Haplopappus,tenuisectus, ,burroweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hedypnois,cretica,= Hedypnois rhagodioloides var cretica (APNI),,,,,”H. globulifera, H. polymorpha, H. rhagaioloides, H. tubiformis”,Southern & SE Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Hedypnois,cretica,= Hedypnois rhagodioloides var cretica (APNI),,,,,”H. globulifera, H. polymorpha, H. rhagaioloides, H. tubiformis”,Southern & SE Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Hedypnois,rhagadioloides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hedypnois,rhagodioloides,”Hedypnois rhagadioloides, Hedypnois cretica”,cretan weed,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hedyponis,cretica,,Cretan Hedypnois,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hedyponis,cretica, ,Cretan Hedypnois,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5”,”S Eur,SW As, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Helenium,amarum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Helenium,amarum, ,Bitter sneezeweed,,,,no dormancy; freshly harvested seeds germ within 3-4days when planted in greenhouse,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Helenium,amarum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Helenium,amarum, ,bitter sneezeweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Helenium,autumnale, ,Common sneezeweed,,,,”19% germ in diffuse light at 20-25C within 12-61 days, no germ in dark within 243 days”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Helenium,autumnale, ,common sneezeweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Helenium,autumnale, ,,,P,,Prohibited entry by AQIS,,”Prohibited List, from AQIS” Helenium,elliptica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Helenium,hoopesii, ,western sneezeweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Helenium,hoopesii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Helenium,nudiflorum, ,purplehead sneezeweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Helenium,spp.,,Sneezeweeds,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Helenium,spp., ,Sneezeweeds,,,,,,Weed Science List Helenium,spp., ,Sneezeweeds,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Helenium,var. parviflorum, ,smallflower sneezeweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Helianthus,angustifolius, ,,,,,”seeds planted in flats & exposed to outdoor low temps for 71days then transferred to greenhouse; germ 32% over 21-42days, seeds planted directly into greenhouse 24% germ over 64-106days”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Helianthus,annus, ,Sunflower,,,,52% germ with alt. light/dark at alt. temps of 20-30C; prechilling at 3C for 4wks,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Helianthus,annuus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Helianthus,annuus, ,,,,,,Scattered Southern & Eastern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Helianthus,annuus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Helianthus,annuus, ,sunflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Helianthus,argophylllus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Helianthus,argophyllus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Helianthus,aridus, ,,,,,seeds planted in field in late autumn of year collected germ following spring; a few seeds germ each year for 5yrs after initial planting,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Helianthus,californicus, ,California sunflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Helianthus,ciliaris,,Texas blueweed,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Helianthus,ciliaris, ,Blueweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Helianthus,ciliaris, ,Texas blueweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Helianthus,ciliaris, ,Texas blueweed,,,,,,Weed Science List Helianthus,ciliaris, ,Texas blueweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Helianthus,ciliaris, ,Texas blueweed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Helianthus,debilis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Helianthus,debilis, ,,,,,Region of origin - S USA; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Helianthus,debilis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Helianthus,grosseserratus, ,sawtooth sunflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Helianthus,maximiliani, ,Maximilian sunflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Helianthus,petiolaris, ,Prairie sunflower,,,,52% germ with alt. light/dark at alt. temps of 20-30C; prechilling at 3C for 4wks,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Helianthus,petiolaris, ,prairie sunflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Helianthus,tuberosus,,Jerusalem artichoke,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Helianthus,tuberosus, ,Jerusalem Artichoke,,,,Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Tuberous geophyte. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,”Introduced deliberately from: N AM and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Helianthus,tuberosus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Helianthus,tuberosus, ,Jerusalem artichoke,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Helichrysum,petiolare, ,N/A ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Helminthotheca,echioides,Picris echioides,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hemisteptia,lyrata, , ,,,,paraquat 1991 Korea Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Hemisteptia,lyrata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hemizonia,congesta, ,common tarweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hemizonia,pungens,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hemizonia,pungens, ,Common spikeweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Hemizonia,pungens, ,common spikeweed,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Hemizonia,pungens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Heterotheca,grandiflora,,telegraph weed,w,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Heterotheca,grandiflora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Heterotheca,grandiflora, ,telegraphplant,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Heterotheca,subaxillaris, ,camphorweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hieracium,atratum,,hawkweed polar ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are non-native species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Hieracium,aurantiacum,, orange hawkweed,High Weed Potential in Forests and Disturbed areas,,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Hieracium,aurantiacum,,hawkweed orange ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are nonnative species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Hieracium,aurantiacum,syn. Pilosella aurantiaca,”fox and cubs, orange hawkweed”,E,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hieracium,aurantiacum, ,Orange hawkweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Hieracium,aurantiacum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hieracium,aurantiacum, ,orange hawkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hieracium,aurantiacum, syn. Pilosella aurantiaca,Fox and cubs,,P,,Proposed spp. for surveillance and IDplants seen for sale at garden week in Guilford 1996none seen since,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hieracium,caespitosum, , ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Hieracium,caespitosum,,hawkweed yellow ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are nonnative species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Hieracium,florentinum, ,kingdevil hawkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hieracium,floribundum, ,yellowdevil hawkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hieracium,floribundum,, kingdevil hawkweeds, High Weed Potential in Forests and Disturbed areas,,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Hieracium,floribundum,,hawkweed yellow devil,CLASS A WEED: Class A weeds are non-native species with a limited distribution in Washington. Eradication of these species is mandatory in all of Washington State.,,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Hieracium,laevigatum,,hawkweed smooth ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are nonnative species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Hieracium,pilosella,,hawkweed mouseear,CLASS A WEED: Class A weeds are nonnative species with a limited distribution in Washington. Eradication of these species is mandatory in all of Washington State.,,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Hieracium,pilosella,,mouseear hawkweed,E,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hieracium,pilosella, ,Mouse ear hawkweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Hieracium,pilosella, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hieracium,pilosella, ,mouseear hawkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hieracium,pilosella, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hieracium,piloselloides,, (yellow- flowered hawkweed complex), High Weed Potential in Forests and Disturbed areas,,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Hieracium,praealtum var. decipiens, ,tall kingdevil hawkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hieracium,pratense,, meadow yellowdevil,High Weed Potential in Forests and Disturbed areas,,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Hieracium,pratense, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hieracium,pratense, ,yellow hawkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hieracium,pratense, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hieracium,spp., ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Hieracium,umbellatum, ,,,,,”some seed germ immediately after harvest, remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 93% germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Hieracium,vulgatum, ,Common hawkweed,,,,”some seed germ immediately after harvest, remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 94% germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Hieracium,vulgatum, ,common hawkweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hymenoclea,monogyra, ,burrobrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hymenoxys,odorata, ,bitter rubberweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hymenoxys,richardsoni var. floribunda, ,pingue,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hypocaeris,radicata, ,,,,, Weed in poor site ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Hypochaeris,glabra,Hypochoeris glabra,”flatweed, smooth catsear”,HXH,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypochaeris,glabra, ,Smooth Cat's Ear,,,,H. salzmanniana,”All Europe, W Asia & N Africa”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Hypochaeris,glabra, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hypochaeris,microcephala,Hypochoeris microcephala var. microcephala,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypochaeris,microcephala,Hypochoeris microcephala var. albiflora,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypochaeris,microcephala, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hypochaeris,radicata,Hypochoeris radicata,”Flatweed, cat's ear”,HXXX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypochaeris,radicata, ,Common Cat's Ear,,,,,”Mainland Europe, Sweden and Norway”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Hypochaeris,radicata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hypochaeris,radicata, ,Spotted cat's ear ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Hypochoeris,glabra, ,Annual Flatweed,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,3,4,5,12”,”Eur,As,Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Hypochoeris,glabra, ,Smooth cats ear,,,,”some seed germ immediately after harvest, remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in water unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 85% germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Hypochoeris,glabra, ,smooth catsear,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hypochoeris,radicata, ,Flatweed,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4-9,11-15”,”Eur,As,Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Hypochoeris,radicata, ,Spotted cats ear,,,,96% germ of seed in dark with alt. temp 20-30C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Hypochoeris,radicata, ,spotted catsear,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Inula,conyza,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Inula,conyza, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Inula,conyza, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Inula,crithmoides, ,Golden Samphire,,,,,”Southern & western Europe, UK & Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Inula,crithmoides,Compositae ,Golden Samphire,,,,,”Southern & western Europe, UK & Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Inula,helenium, ,elecampane,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Inula,indica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Inula,indica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Iva,axillaris,,”Poverty weed, death weed, devil's weed, mouse ear poverty weed, poverty sumpweed”,,LP,Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Iva,axillaris, ,Poverty Weed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Iva,axillaris, ,”Poverty weed, death weed, devil's weed, mouse ear poverty weed, poverty sumpweed”,,,,”produces large amounts of seed; prefers alkaline or saline soils in N Amer, but not confined to these conditions in Aust; extensive roots system & dense aerial growth, competes strongly with other plants, particularly cereal crops; has strong smell & tast”,”native of western N Amer where it has become an imprt. weed on the Canadian Prairies & in NW USA extending as far south as California & New Mexico; imprt in cereal crops, overgrazed pastures, rangeland, irrigated crops, roadsides & neglected areas, mostly”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Iva,axillaris, ,poverty weed,,,,,,Weed Science List Iva,axillaris, ,povertyweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Iva,axillaris, ,poverty weed,,P,,The South Australian plants have been eradicated by Landholder,,Western Australian Prohibited List Iva,ciliata, ,rough sumpweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Iva,xanthifolia, ,marshelder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Iva ,axillaris, ,Poverty weed,,,,”43% germ of seed held screen bags in irrigation canal for 7mths, no germ previous or after 10mths; other methods of stratification not successful”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Iva ,xanthifolia, Cyclachaena xanthifolia,Marsh elder,,,,32% germ at 15C with alt. light/dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Ixeris,dentata, ,,,,,perennial sub-dominance , Upland Korea Miyagi Miyasaki Niigata Oita Okayama Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Ixeris,stolonifera, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ixeris,stolonifera, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Krigia,virginica, ,Virginia dwarfdandelion,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lactuca,biennis, ,Biennial lettuce,,,,”100% germ of seed at 20-30C with alt. light/dark, 90% germ at alt. 20-30C in dark & no germ at 20C ind dark tested within 1yr of harvest”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lactuca,biennis, ,biennial lettuce,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lactuca,canadensis, ,tall lettuce,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lactuca,capensis, ,,,,,good germ of fresh seed at all temps between 10-35C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lactuca,capensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lactuca,capensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lactuca,dregeana, ,,,,,”fresh seed germ % high, strongly stimulated by light; good germ in dark at 15C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lactuca,indica, ,,,,, Weeds of sown grassland ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Lactuca,ludoviciana, ,,,,,”24-day-old seed presoaked in water at 3-10C for 2+ hrs, then exposed to sunlight for 5 min inc germ % of seed at 20-30C; longer the soaking 5-77hrs the higher the germ%”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lactuca,muralis, ,Wall lettuce,,,,”some seed germ immediately after harvest, remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in water unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 96% germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lactuca,muralis, ,Wall lettuce ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Lactuca,muralis, ,wall lettuce,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lactuca,perennis, ,,,,,,Mainland Europe except Denmark and NE Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lactuca,perennis,Compositae ,,,,,,Mainland Europe except Denmark and NE Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lactuca,pulchella, ,blue lettuce,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966syn. Lactuca tatarica var. pulchella”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lactuca,pulchella, ,,,P,,Prohibited entry by AQIS,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lactuca,saligna,,willow lettuce,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lactuca,saligna, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lactuca,saligna, ,willowleaf lettuce,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lactuca,sativa,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lactuca,scariola, Lactuca serriola,Prickly lettuce,,,,fresh seed dormant; dry storage for 8-12mths; 92% germ at 20C in dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lactuca,scariola, ,prickly lettuce,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lactuca,serriola,,”prickly lettuce, wild lettuce”,XXH,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lactuca,serriola, ,Prickly Lettuce,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water, Wind. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,8,9,11,12”,”Eur,C&W As,N Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Lactuca,serriola, ,Prickly Lettuce,,,,L. scariola,”Mainland Europe, UK & S Sweden”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lactuca,serriola, ,Prickly lettuce,,,,chlorsulfuron 1987 USA Wheat , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Lactuca,serriola, ,Prickly lettuce,,,,triasulfuron 1994 Australia Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Lactuca,serriola, ,Prickly lettuce ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Lactuca,serriola, ,prickly lettuce,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Lactuca,serriola,syn L. scariola,”Oil lettuce, Prickly lettuce”,,,,”roadsides, waste groundSeeds yield the edible lettuce oil; in folk medicine plant is used as an antipoison for scorpion & snake bites”,”Medit, Eur, Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Lactuca,serriola, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lactuca,stolonifera, ,,,,,perennial sub-dominance , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Lactuca,taraxacifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lactuca,taraxacifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lactuca,virosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lagascea,mollis, ,,,,, Seed Impurities , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Lagascea,mollis, ,acuate,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lapsana,apogonoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lapsana,apogonoides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lapsana,communis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lapsana,communis, Lampsana communis,Nipple wort,,,,88% germ in dark with alt. temp of 20-30C; alt. light/dark germ 68%; fresh seed germ best in light with alt. temps of 10-30C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lapsana,communis, ,Nipplewort,,,,,,Weed Science List Lapsana,communis, ,nipplewort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lasiospermum,bipinnatum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lasiospermum,bipinnatum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Launaea,asplenifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Launaea,asplenifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Launaea,sarmentosa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Leontodon,autumnalis,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Leontodon,autumnalis, ,Fall hawkbit,,,,”99% germ in 1st spring after harvest, seeds placed in germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Leontodon,autumnalis, ,Autumn Hawkbit,,,,,”All Europe, W Asia & N Amer”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Leontodon,autumnalis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Leontodon,autumnalis, ,fall hawkbit,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Leontodon,autumnalis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Leontodon,hirtus, ,rough hawkbit,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Leontodon,nudicaulis, ,Rough hawkbit,,,,”88% germ with alt. temp 20-30C in dark, 84% germ with alt. temp 20-30C & alt. light/dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Leontodon,nudicaulis, ,rough hawkbit,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Leontodon,saxatilis,= L. taraxacoides,,,,,,,Weed Science List Leontodon,taraxacoides,L. saxatilis,Hairy Hawkbit,HX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Leontodon,taraxacoides, ,Hairy Hawkbit,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,3,4,6,8,9”,”Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Leucanthemum,maximum,,Shasta Daisy,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Leucanthemum,maximum, ,Shasta Daisy,,,,”Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,6,7,8,15”,”Introduced deliberately from: Pyrenees and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Leucanthemum,maximum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Leucanthemum,myconis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Leucanthemum,myconis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Leucanthemum,vulgare,,daisy oxeye ,"WEED OF CONCERN: Control and containment of existing populations of these noxious weeds is strongly encouraged in King County, Washington State.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Matricaria,maritima,, scentless chamomile,Possible Weed Potential in Grassland and Riparian habitats: High Weed Potential in Agriculture and Disturbed areas,,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Leucanthemum,vulgare,Chrysantemum leucanthemum,”ox-eye daisy, dog daisy, margriet, marguerite daisy, moon daisy, white daisy, yellow daisy”,XXA,L,Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Leucanthemum,vulgare, ,Ox-eye Daisy ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Leucanthemum,vulgare, ,Ox-eye Daisy,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,6,8,15”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur,As, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Leucanthemum,vulgare, ,Ox eye Daisy,,,,Chrysanthemum leucanthemum,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Leucanthemum,vulgare, Chrysantemum leucanthemum,”ox-eye daisy, dog daisy, margriet, marguerite daisy, moon daisy, white daisy, yellow daisy”,,,,”grows extremely densely that it excludes almost all other vegetation; not readily grazed by stock, it reduces carrying capacity of infested areas; imparts a disagreeable taste to milk”,”native to Eur & parts of Asia, occurring commonly in grasslands of the British Isles & elsewhere in Eur; spread to several temp ares of the world, often as a weed of neglected areas, degraded pastures & turf; common on west coast of N Amer & some of the n”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Leucanthemum,vulgare, ,ox eye daisy,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Leucanthemum,vulgare,see Chrysanthemum leucanthemum,ox-eye daisy,,,,,,Weed Science List Leucanthumum,vulgare, , ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Leuzea,conifera, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Liatris,punctata, ,,,,,”47% germ of seed planted 4mths after collection; 74% germ after 2.5yr dry storage, 53% after 3.5yrs dry storage, failed to germ after 4.5yrs”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Ligularia,fischeri, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ligularia,sibirica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ligularia,stenocephala, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Logfia,arvensis, ,Least Cudweed,,,,”Filago arvensis, F. montana”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Logfia,arvensis,Compositae ,Least Cudweed,,,,”Filago arvensis, F. montana”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Logfia,gallica,Filago gallica,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Logfia,gallica, ,Narrowleaved Cudweed,,,,”Filago gallica, Logfia subulata, L. tenuifolia”,Southern & Western Europe & UK,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Logfia,gallica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Logfia,minima, ,Small Cudweed,,,,Filago minima,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Logfia,minima,Compositae ,Small Cudweed,,,,Filago minima,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lygodesmia,juncea, ,skeletonweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Machaeranthera,canescens,Aster canescens,,,,,”80% germ at 15C with light, 72% at 20C in dark on moist blotters in petri dishes”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Madia,elegans, ,showy tarweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Madia,exigua, ,,,,,88% germ at 15C in dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Madia,glomerata, ,Cluster tarweed,,,,no germ under various temps & condition; stratification techniques not reported,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Madia,glomerata, ,cluster tarweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Madia,sativa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Madia,sativa, ,Chilean tarweed,,,,44% germ at 15C in dark; seeds with initial germ of 98% germ 45% after 5yrs storage in lab,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Madia,sativa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Madia,sativa var. congesta, ,Chilean tarweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Mantisalca,salmantica,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Mantisalca,salmantica, ,,,,,”Centaurea salamantica, Microlonchus salamanticus and 10 others”,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Mantisalca,salmantica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Matricaria,chamomilla, ,”wild chamomile, scented mayweed”,,,,”Matricaria chamomilla is an annual herb, and is a very versatile weed and appears in 24 crops in more than 50 countries.”,”Found in E Aust, NZ and the several countries of S Amer in the south temperate zone and behaves as a weed in most agricultural areas of the north temperate zone.”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Matricaria,chamomilla ,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Matricaria,chamomilla , ,,,P,,Most serious weed reported of the Genus. Mentioned in Holme's Atlas in numerous Meditterarnean countries,,Western Australian Prohibited List Matricaria,maritima, var. agrestis ,False chamomile,,,,fresh & stored seed germ well in bright daylight; optimum germ temp 20C ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Matricaria,maritima ,syn Tripleurospermum maritimum (L.) W.D.J. Koch,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Matricaria,maritima var. agrestis, ,false chamomile,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Matricaria,matricariodes,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Matricaria,matricarioides, ,Pineapple weed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Matricaria,matricarioides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Matricaria,matricarioides, ,pineappleweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Matricaria,matricarioidesPineapple-weed, , ,,,,simazine 1989 United Kingdom Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Matricaria,perforata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Matricaria,perforata, ,Scentless Mayweed,,,,”Matricaria inodora, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Chamaemelum inodorum, Matricaria maritima ssp inodora”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Matricaria,perforata, ,Sentless Chamomile,,,,”2,4-D 1975 France Cereals “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Matricaria,perforata, ,Sentless Chamomile,,,,”2,4-D 1975 United Kingdom Cereals “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Matricaria,perforata, , ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Matricaria,perforata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Matricaria,recutita,,”chamomile, German chamomile”,w,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Matricaria,recutita, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Matricaria,recutita,syn M. chamomilla; Chamomilla recutita,Wild chamomile,,,,”fields, waste ground; naturalised & often cultivated as a medicinal herb”“Plant used in cosmetics, also a medicinal herb used as a stomachic, febrifuge, bronchitis treatment etc.”““,”Medit, Eur, W Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Matricaria,spp., ,Chamomile,,,,,,Weed Science List Matricaria,tricophylla, ,,,,,”Tripleurospermum tenuifolium, Chamaemelum trichophyllum”,SE Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Matricaria,tricophylla,Compositae ,,,,,”Tripleurospermum tenuifolium, Chamaemelum trichophyllum”,SE Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Melampodium,arvense, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Melampodium,arvense, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Melampodium,divaricatum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Melampodium,divaricatum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Melampodium ,paludosum,” Melampodium divaricatum, Melampodium leucanthum “,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Melanthera,scandens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Melanthera,scandens, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Microseris,troximoides, ,,,,,no germ with 5 different conditions tried; no prechilling reported,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Mikania,cordata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Mikania,cordata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Mikania,cordata,,,"rubber, coffee, banana, cocoa and oil palm plantations, pastures; potential environmental weed",,"Northern Australian Quarantine Service, Target Weeds" Mikania,cordata,,,terrestrial,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Mikania,micrantha,,,terrestrial,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Mikania,micrantha,,mile-a-minute,"cocoa, coconut, orchards, rubber, oil palm, sugarcane, vegetables, upland rice, pastures; serious environmental weed",,"Northern Australian Quarantine Service, Target Weeds" Mikania,micrantha, ,mile-a-minute weed ,,,,”, gardens, plantations, fruit trees”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Mikania,micrantha, ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Mikania,micrantha,,”bittervine, mile-a-minute weed, mile-a-minute”,E,GLPQ,Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Mikania,micrantha, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Mikania,micrantha,syn ,mile-a-minute,,,,”humid, sunny or shaded habitats; noxious weed in young plantation crops, which can be completely blanketed by it; also in pastures; from 0-2000m alt; flowering during the dry season; upland rice fields, detrimental to growth of young rubber plants because”,”S Amer, the Botanic Garden of Bogor received this species from Paraguay in 1949; in 1956 it was used as a soil cover in rubber & has now spread throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Mikania,micrantha, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Mikania,scandens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Mikania,scandens, ,climbing hempweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Mikania,scandens, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Mikania,spp.,,mikania vine,E,LPQ,Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Montanoa,bipinnatifida,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Montanoa,bipinnatifida,syn Uhdea bipinnatifida,,,,,,,Weed Science List Montanoa,hibiscifolia,,,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Montanoa,hibiscifolia, ,tree daisy,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: forest, woodland, bush clumps, roadsides, riverbanks, disturbed sitesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Montanoa,hibiscifolia, ,tree daisy,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: forest, woodland, bush clumps, roadsides, riverbanks, disturbed sitesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Montanoa,hibiscifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Montanoa,hibiscifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Notobasis,syriaca,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Oldenburgia,arbuscula, ,,,,,”83% germ of seed presoaked overnight & only swollen seed used, at 26C in dark & 74% in light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Oncosiphon,grandiflorum , ,Pentzia Pincushion,,P,,”ferny,aromatic small YELLOW spheric.buttons to 60cm.Weed of Finland, Sweden, England, Czech, Soviet Union, and a pioneer Weed in South Africa (Namaqualand) CABI article”,9 an,Western Australian Prohibited List Oncosiphon,piluliferum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Oncosiphon,suffruticosum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Onopordum,acanthium,,”Scotch thistle, cotton thistle, heraldic thistle, silver thistle, woolly thistle”,H,NLP,ACT; NSW; Vic; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Onopordum,acanthium,, Scotch thistle,"High Weed Potential in Agriculture, Grassland, Forests, Riparian and Disturbed areas",,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Onopordum,acanthium,,thistle Scotch ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are non-native species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Onopordum,acanthium, ,”Scotch thistle, cotton thistle, heraldic thistle, Giant thistle”,,,,,”Mainland Europe,less UK & S Sweden”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Onopordum,acanthium, ,”Scotch thistle, cotton thistle, heraldic thistle, silver thistle, woolly thistle”,,,,,”native of Eur, W&C Asia & Asia minor; distributed throughout most temp areas, considered as import. weed in only a few places including Canada, USA, Arg & Aust; NZ minor weed; regarded as weedy on grazing lands & fallows in British Isles, Spain, Tur &USSR”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Onopordum,acanthium, ,Scotch thistle ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Onopordum,acanthium, ,Scotch cottonthisle,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Onopordum,acanthium, ,”Scotch thistle, cotton thistle, heraldic thistle, Giant thistle”,,,,,,Weed Science List Onopordum,acanthium, ,”Scotch thistle, cotton thistle, heraldic thistle, Giant thistle”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Onopordum,acaulon,,”stemless thistle, horse thistle, stemless onopordum”,HXA,L,NSW; Vic; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Onopordum,acaulon, ,Stemless Thistle,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,4”,”Spain,S France, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Onopordum,acaulon, ,”stemless thistle, horse thistle, stemless onopordum”,,,,”rarely eaten by stock ex when it is wilting, reduces carrying capacity of heavily infested paddocks; seeds survive in soil for several years - eradication difficult”,”originated in western Medit region, has not estab. in many parts of the world”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Onopordum,acaulon, ,stemless thistle,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Onopordum,acaulon, ,stemless thistle,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Onopordum,illyricum,,Illyrian thistle,SH,LP,ACT; NSW; Vic; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Onopordum,illyricum, ,Illyrian thistle,,,,”competetive in pastures in better rainfall areas & not grazed by stock, favours fertile soil & likely to be troublesome in anual clover pastures; contribute to vegetable fault in wool & dense patches pose a physical barrier to humans & animals”,”originates in Medit region & Asia Minor, not widely spread; small patch in California, Aust only country where the plant has estab.”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Onopordum,illyricum, ,Illyrian thistle,,,,,,Weed Science List Onopordum,illyricum, ,Illyrian thistle,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Onopordum,nervosum,,cotton thistle,E,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Onopordum,nervosum, Onopordum arabicum,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Onopordum,spp, ,Onopordum Thistles ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Onopordum,tauricum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Osteospermum,calendulaceum,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Osteospermum,calendulaceum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Osteospermum,clandestinum,,Osteospermum,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Osteospermum,clandestinum, ,Osteospermum,,,,Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,”S Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Osteospermum,clandestinum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Osteospermum,ecklonis,Dimorphotheca ecklonis,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Osteospermum,fruticosum,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Osteospermum,fruticosum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Osteospermum,muricatum,??need to check ID - no voucher?,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Osterospermum,fruitcosum, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental ?,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Oxytenia,acerosa, ,copperweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Palafoxia,linearis, ,,,,,”fair germ of seeds without any special treatment at temps of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, & 30C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Palafoxia,rosea,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pallenis,spinosa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pallenis,spinosa, ,,,,,”P. croatica, Asteriscus spinosus”,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Pallenis,spinosa,Compositae ,,,,,”P. croatica, Asteriscus spinosus”,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Parthenium,argentatum, ,,,,,soaking achenes for 6hrs or more in a 1000 ppm soln of GA germ seed covered in soil,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Parthenium,hysterophorum, ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Parthenium,hysterophorus, ,parthenium,,,,”, “,French Polynesia; New Caledonia; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Parthenium,hysterophorus,,”parthenium weed, bitter weed, carrot grass, congress grass, false ragweed, ragweed parthenium, whitetop”,HH,L,NSW; Vic; Qld;SA; NT; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Parthenium,hysterophorus, ,Ragweed parthenium,,,,paraquat 1989 Kenya , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Parthenium,hysterophorus, ,”parthenium weed, bitter weed, carrot grass, congress grass, false ragweed, ragweed parthenium, whitetop”,,,,,”native of Caribbean region, now occurs throughout southern USA, Mex, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Caribbean Is. & Venezuela, extending south to Bolivia, Brazil & N Arg; introd to many trop & subtrop countries including S Afr, Israel, Kenya, Va”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Parthenium,hysterophorus, ,Parthenium weed N # ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Parthenium,hysterophorus, ,parthenium weed,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Parthenium,hysterophorus, ,ragweed parthenium,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Parthenium,hysterophorus, ,parthenium weed,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pectis,papposa, ,cinchweed fetidmarigold,,,,good germ of seed after leaching for more than 24hrs in running water; germ at 25-30C but not at lower temps,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Pentzia,globifera, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pentzia,incana,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pentzia,incana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pentzia,suffruticosa,”Matricaria multiflora, Matricaria suffruticosa, Tanacetum suffruticosum”,”calomba daisy, chamomile, matricaria, mayweed, stinking weed, yellow top, yellow weed”,H,LP,SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pentzia,suffruticosa,” Matricaria multiflora, Matricaria suffruticosa, Tanacetum suffruticosum”,”calomba daisy, chamomile, matricaria, mayweed, stinking weed, yellow top, yellow weed”,,,,”strongly aromatic, unpalatable plant with no food value, that competes with more valuable pasture sp. for water. light & nutrientss; dense stands reduce grazing area & significantly reduce yields of cereal crops”,native of S Afr is not widely spread,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Pentzia,suffruticosa, ,Calomba daisy n ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mo”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Pentzia,suffruticosa, ,calomba daisy,,,,,,Weed Science List Pentzia,suffruticosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pentzia,suffruticosa, ,calomba daisy,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Perymenium,subsquarrosum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Perymenium,subsquarrosum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Petasites,fragrans,,winter heliotrope,XS,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Petasites,fragrans, ,Winter Heliotrope,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,7”,”Introduced deliberately from: W Med and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Petasites,fragrans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Petasites,japonicus, ,,,,, , Miyagi Niigata ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Phaenocoma,prolifera,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Phaenocoma,prolifera, ,,,P,,”Monotypic Genus, SW Cape”,,Western Australian Prohibited List Picnomon,acarna,”Carduus acarna, Cirsium acarna”,”soldier thistle, yellow-plumed thistle”,X,LP,Vic; SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Picnomon,acarna,” Carduus acarna, Cirsium acarna”,”soldier thistle, yellow-plumed thistle”,,,,”competes with cereal crops & can choke harvesting machinery; sharp spines injure sheep & dogs, reduces available grazing area in infested pastures as it is avoided by stock”,”originates in Medit region, hasn't become widely distributed throughout world; import. weed in Lebanon & of lesser import. elsewhere in its native range”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Picnomon,acarna, ,Soldier thistle * ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies)”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Picnomon,acarna, ,soldier thistle,,,,,,Weed Science List Picnomon,acarna, ,soldier thistle,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Picnomon,arcana, ,,,,,Cisium acarna,Southern & Eastern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Picridium,vulgare, ,picridium,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Picris,echioides,,Ox-tongue,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Picris,echioides, ,Ox-tongue,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual/Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,8,9,12”,”Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Picris,echioides, ,Bristly Ox tounge,,,,Helmintia echioides,”Central & Southern Europe, UK & Eire, less in Northen areas”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Picris,echioides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Picris,echioides, ,bristly oxtongue,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Picris,hieracioides,,Hawkweed Picris,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Picris,hieracioides, ,Hawkweed Picris,,,,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 15,”Eur, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Picris,hieracioides, ,Hawkweed ox tongue,,,,seeds germ at once or soon after collection; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ; 93% germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Picris,hieracioides, ,Hawkweed Ox tounge,,,,,”All Europe, W Asia, N Amer, Aust & NZ”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Picris,hieracioides, , ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Picris,hieracioides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Picris,hieracioides, ,,,,,annual dominant weed barley & wheat crops , Okayama ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Picris,hieracioides, ,hawkweed oxtongue,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Pluchea,dioscoridis,syn Baccharis dioscoridis; Conyza dioscoridis; Baccharis aegyptiaca,Ploughman's spikenard,,,,”Nile and canal banks, moist and waste groundPlant used in popular medicine for rheumatic pains”,”E & S Afr, W Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Pluchea,lanceolata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pluchea,lanceolata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pluchea,odorata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pluchea,odorata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pluchea,sagittalis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pluchea,sagittalis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pluchea,sericea, ,Arrow wood,,,,”62% germ immediately after harvest, & 44% after 1 yr storage, on moist filter paper”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Pluchea,sericea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pluchea,sericea, ,arrowwood,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Pluchea,sericea, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pluchea,symphytifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pluchea,symphytifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Podospermum,resedifolium,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Podospermum,resedifolium, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Porophyllum,ruderale,syn Porophyllum ellipticum,,,,,”pasture land, humid soil, sunny or slightly shaded locations; prefers fertile soils; lowland ruderal; upland rice fields, very common in dry agricultural lands; might become a serious weed, “,”C & S Amer, S & C Amer; in 1945 found near Bogor (W Java); since then has been rapidly spreading”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Praxelis,clematidea,,praxelis,XS,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Praxelis,clematidea, ,,,,,”Region of origin - S Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina; Extent of spread - locally common; Means of spread - seed contaminant”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Pseudelephantopus,spicatus, ,false elephant's foot,,,,”, plantations, lawn”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Pseudelephantopus,spicatus,,,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pseudelephantopus,spicatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pseudelephantopus,spicatus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pseudognaphalium,luteoalbum,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Psiadia,arabica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Psiadia,arabica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Psilothonna,speciosa, ,,,,,”seed soaked in water overnight, swollen seeds only used; germ on moist filter paper in petri dishes at 26C, 51% in dark & 46% in light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Pterocaulon,rugosum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pterocaulon,rugosum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pulchea,indica, ,”Indian pulchea, Indian fleabane”,,,,”, low saline areas”,French Polynesia; Guam; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Tuvalu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Pulicaria,arabica ,syn Inula arabica,,,,,”canal banks, moist ground”,E Medit to Afghanistan,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Pulicaria,crispa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pulicaria,crispa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pulicaria,vulgaris, ,Lesser Fleabane,,,,P. prostrata,”Mainland Europe, S UK & S Sweden”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Pulicaria,vulgaris,Compositae ,Lesser Fleabane,,,,P. prostrata,”Mainland Europe, S UK & S Sweden”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Pyrrhopappus,carolinianus, ,Carolina falsedandelion,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ratibida,columnaris, Lepachys columnifera,,,,,”seed kept in moist sand outdoors germ 72%, seed planted in greenhouse germ 26% within 16days; 30% germ on moist sand in dark at 68-70F”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Ratibida,columnifera, ,prairie coneflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ratibida,pinnata, ,pinnate coneflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Reichardia,tingitana,,False Sow-thistle,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Reichardia,tingitana, ,False Sow-thistle,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,4”,”Med, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Rhagadiolus,cathartica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rhagadiolus,cathartica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Roldana,petasitis,Senecio petasitis,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Rudbeckia,amplexicaulis, ,clasping coneflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rudbeckia,hirta, ,Hairy coneflower,,,,56% germ in diffuse light at 20-25C in 5days & 52% germ in dark in 12days,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Rudbeckia,hirta, ,hairy coneflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rudbeckia,occidentalis, ,niggerhead,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rudbeckia,serotina, ,blackeyedsusan,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rudbeckia,triloba, ,browneyedsusan,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rugelia,repens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rugelia,repens, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Schkuhria,pinnata,,Dwarf Marigold,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Schkuhria,pinnata, ,Dwarf Marigold,,,,,,Weed Science List Schkuhria,pinnata, ,Dwarf Marigold,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sclerocarpus,coffeaecola, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sclerocarpus,coffeaecola, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Scolymus,hispanicus,,”golden thistle, Spanish oyster plant, Spanish salsify”,,LP,Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Scolymus,hispanicus, ,Golden Thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Scolymus,hispanicus, ,Golden Thistle,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Scolymus,hispanicus, ,”golden thistle, Spanish oyster plant, Spanish salsify”,,,,plant cultivated in some parts of world as a vege; rosette leaves rarely eaten by stock & aerial growth is never grazed because of the stout spines on the rigid leaves; dense infestations impenetrable to grazing animals ; reduces carrying cap. of pasture,”originates in Medit region, hasn't become widely estab. throughout world; regarded as weedy in dryland pastures, vineyards & orchards in parts of its native range particularly Syria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Morocco & Spain; weed in Arg & Chile, patches in Cal.”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Scolymus,hispanicus, ,golden thistle,,,,,,Weed Science List Scolymus,hispanicus, ,golden thistle,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Scolymus,maculatus,,”spotted golden thistle, spotted thistle”,,LP,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Scolymus,maculatus, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Scolymus,maculatus, ,”spotted golden thistle, spotted thistle”,,,,”due to spininess, dense patches become impenetrable to stock, reduce available grazing & harbour vermin; root edible”,”native of Medit region, but is known to have been grown as an ornamental in England during 17thC, not widesprd in other countries”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Scolymus,maculatus, ,spotted golden thistle,,,,,,Weed Science List Scolymus,maculatus, ,spotted golden thistle,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Scorzonera,lacinata,,Scorzonera,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Scorzonera,laciniata,, self salsify, Weed Status Uncertain - current information is inadequate to assess risk. Further analysis may be warranted.,,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Scorzonera,lacinata,,Scorzonera,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Scorzonera,lacinata, ,,,,,”Podospermum laciniatum, P. calcitrapifolium, P. willkommii, Scorzonera resedifolia”,Mainland Europe except Denmark,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Scorzonera,laciniata,,Scorzonera,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Scorzonera,laciniata, ,Scorzonera,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,9,11”,”S Eur,W As, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Scorzonera,laciniata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,aegyptius,syn ,,,,,”until 1960's, common on banks of Nile & irrigation canals; since construction of Aswan High Dam, species has become less common, except in southern areas of Upper Egypt”,Endemic to Egypt,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Senecio,angulatus,,climbing groundsel,HXS,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Senecio,angulatus, ,Climbing Groundsel,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Vine. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5,11”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Senecio,angustifolius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,angustifolius, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,anteuphorbium, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,aquaticus, ,,,,,seeds germ soon after harvest & continued for several mths; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 56%,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Senecio,articulatus,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Senecio,articulatus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,aureus, ,Golden ragwort,,,,high germ of seeds planted in greenhouse in autumn of year of collection; seeds held in soil at low temps outdoors for 83days also germ well after transfer to greenhouse,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Senecio,aureus, ,golden ragwort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Senecio,bupleuroides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,bupleuroides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,burchellii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,burchellii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,canadensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,citriformis,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Senecio,citriformis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,consanguineus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,consanguineus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,cotyledonis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,crassiflorus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Senecio,crassiflorus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,crassissimus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,decaryi, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,deltoideus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,deltoideus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,diaschides,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Senecio,elegans,,purple groundsel,HXXXX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Senecio,elegans, ,Purple Groundsel,,,,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Senecio,elegans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,fulgens, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,gallicus, ,,,,,”S. alboranicus, S. coronopifolius, S. desfontainei”,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Senecio,gallicus,Compositae ,,,,,”S. alboranicus, S. coronopifolius, S. desfontainei”,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Senecio,glabellus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,glabellus, ,cressleaf groundsel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Senecio,glabellus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,glastifolius,,waterdissel,XS,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Senecio,glastifolius, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Senecio,glastifolius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,glastifolius, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,glaucus subsp. coronopifolius,syn S. coronopifolius; S. laxiflorus; S. desfontainei; S. gallicus subsp. coronopifolius,,,,,”fields, roadsides, canal banks; often forming attractive yellow carpets if growing in dense, pure stands”,”Medit, Sahara, Eur, W Asis”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Senecio,globsus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,gramineus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,gramineus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,grandiflorus, ,,,,,”83% germ at 26C in dark & 82% in light; seeds soaked in water overnight before testing, only swollen seed used”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Senecio,grantii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,hallianus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,herreianus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,hieracifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,hieracifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,inaequidens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,inaequidens, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,inornatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,inornatus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,iosensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,isatideus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,isatideus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,jacobaea,,”ragwort, St James wort, tansy ragwort”,XX,NL,NSW; Vic; SA; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Senecio,jacobaea,,ragwort tansy ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are non-native species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Senecio,jacobaea, ,Tansy Ragwort ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Senecio,jacobaea, ,Tansy Ragwort ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Senecio,jacobaea, ,Ragwort,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,animal (not bird), internal,Water,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4,6,7,8,9”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Senecio,jacobaea, ,Tansy ragwort,,,,50-86% germ of freshly harvested seed at 15C constant with alt. light/dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Senecio,jacobaea, ,”ragwort, St James wort, tansy ragwort”,,,,,”originated in Eur & now occurs from Scotland & Norway in the north to N Afr in the south & Siberia in the east; considered to be a weed in much of its native range; most abundant & widesprd weed in British Isles; spread to many temp parts of the world, be”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Senecio,jacobaea, ,Tansy ragwort ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Senecio,jacobaea, ,Ragwort N # ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Senecio,jacobaea, ,ragwort,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Senecio,jacobaea, ,tansy ragwort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Senecio,jacobaea, ,ragwort,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,jacobsenianus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,junceus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,juniperinus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,juniperinus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,kleinia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,latifolius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,latifolius, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,leucanthemifolius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,leucanthemifolius, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,longiflorus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,longilobus, ,threadleaf groundsel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Senecio,madagascariensis,,fireweed,XX,LP,NSW; Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Senecio,madagascariensis, ,fireweed,,,,”1st recorded in lower Hunter Valley in 1918, since spread all along the NSW coast, into parts of the Northern Tablelands & Western Slopes & into SE Qld; now inc. importance in County of Cumberland & along the south coast of NSW; does not occur elsewhere i”,native of S Afr ,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Senecio,madagascariensis, ,fireweed,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,madagascariensis, ,fireweed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,mandraliscae, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,mikanioides, ,German Ivy ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/nonprofit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Senecio,mikanioides, ,Cape Ivy ,,,,VINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Senecio,mikanioides, ,German ivy,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Senecio,moorei, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,moorei, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,mutabilis, ,,,,,no dormancy in seeds tested in dark at 18C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Senecio,oligophyllus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,oligophyllus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,oxyriaefolius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,oxyriaefolius, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,pauperculus, var. balsamitae ,,,,,high germ of seeds planted in greenhouse in autumn of year of collection; seeds held in soil at low temps outdoors for 83days also germ well after transfer to greenhouse,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Senecio,pterophorus,,”African daisy, South African daisy, winged groundsel”,XH,LP,Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Senecio,pterophorus, ,African Daisy,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5”,”S Af, In Victoria: ?Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Senecio,pterophorus, ,”African daisy, South African daisy, winged groundsel”,,,,” a pioneer plant which quickly invades lands disturbed by burning or clearing; competes aggressively with developing pastures & crops; animals rarely eat the plant, becomes dominate & renders heavily infested lands unproductive; toxic to animalsintrod to”,native of moderate to high rainfall (500-1500mm) districts of S Afr,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Senecio,pterophorus, ,African daisy,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,pterophorus, ,African daisy,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,retrorsus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,retrorsus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,riddellii, ,Riddell groundsel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Senecio,rowleyanus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,scandens,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Senecio,serpens, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,squalidus, ,Oxford Ragwort ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Senecio,sylvaticus, ,Woodland groundsel,,,,99% germ of seed soon after collection; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Senecio,sylvaticus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,sylvaticus, ,woodland groundsel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Senecio,sylvaticus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Senecio,tamoides,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Senecio,triangularis, ,arrowleaf groundsel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Senecio,vernalis, ,Spring Groundsel,,,,S. euxinus,”Eastern Europe, less to Central Europe & Scandinavia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Senecio,vernalis,Compositae ,Spring Groundsel,,,,S. euxinus,”Eastern Europe, less to Central Europe & Scandinavia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Senecio,viscosus, ,Sticky Groundsel,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except extreme NE Europe, less in Scandinavia, UK & Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Senecio,viscosus,Compositae ,Sticky Groundsel,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except extreme NE Europe, less in Scandinavia, UK & Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Senecio,viscosus, ,sticky groundsel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Senecio,vulgaris,,”groundsel, sticky groundsel, stinking groundsel, wood groundsel”,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Senecio,vulgaris, ,Common groundsel,,,,good germ with alt. temp of 10-25C; prechilling or soaking 2hrs in 1% soln of hypochlorite,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Senecio,vulgaris, ,Groundsel,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Senecio,vulgaris, ,Common groundsel,,,,bromoxynil 1995 USA Mint , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Senecio,vulgaris, ,Common groundsel,,,,linuron 1987 Switzerland Vegetables , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Senecio,vulgaris, ,Common groundsel,,,,atrazine 1980 Germany Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Senecio,vulgaris, ,Common groundsel,,,,”atrazine 1988 Czech Republic Orchard, Railway”, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Senecio,vulgaris, ,Common groundsel,,,,simazine 1970 USA Nurseries , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Senecio,vulgaris, ,Common groundsel,,,,simazine 1977 United Kingdom Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Senecio,vulgaris, ,Common groundsel,,,,”simazine 1982 Belgium Corn, Nurseries, Fruit”, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Senecio,vulgaris, ,Common groundsel,,,,simazine 1982 The Netherlands Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Senecio,vulgaris, ,Common groundsel,,,,simazine 1995 Chile , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Senecio,vulgaris, ,Common groundsel,,,,simazine 1996 Norway Nurseries , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Senecio,vulgaris, ,Common groundsel,,,,triazines 1982 France , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Senecio,vulgaris, ,Common groundsel,,,,triazines 1982 Switzerland Vineyard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Senecio,vulgaris,syn ,Common groundsel,,,,”Nile and canal banks, fields”“Flowering branches are used as a vasoconstrictor, vermifuge, and mild laxative”““,”Medit, Eur, W Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Senecio,vulgaris, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Senecio,vulgaris, ,,,,,”perennial dominance, sub-dominance “, Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Senecio,vulgaris, ,”groundsel, common groundsel, staggerwort, stinking Willie”,,,,”Senecio vulgaris is a slender annual herb, often called groundsel, found primarily in unstable environments. This species is a weed of more than 40 crops in 65 countries. It behaves as a weed from Mongolia and Iceland in the north to NZ on the far side “,”very widely distributed in all regions of the world, except in the warmest regions.”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Senecio,vulgaris, ,common groundsel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Senecio,vulgaris,,ragwort,,,,”RANK 3. “LESSER THREAT”Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Serratula,tinctoria, ,,,,,88% germ of seed in 1st spring after collection; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sigesbeckia,orientalis, ,St. Paulswort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sigesbeckia,orientalis,,Indian weed,XH,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sigesbeckia,orientalis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sigesbeckia,pubescens, ,,,,, , ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Silphium,perfoliatum, ,cupplant,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Silybum,marianum, ,Blessed milkthistle ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Silybum,marianum,,milk thistle ,CLASS A WEED: Class A weeds are non-native species with a limited distribution in Washington. Eradication of these species is mandatory in all of Washington State.,,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Tanacetum,vulgare,,"Common Name(s): Bitter buttons, Hind-head, Parsley fern","Avail nurseries, Ornamental Potential Invasive ""Perennial, 3-9 dm high, numerous yellow disk flowers in clusters, stems erect in dense colonies, leaves alternate, 1-3 pinnately divided pinnately divided ""","Europe. Habitat: Roadsides, waste places, fields"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Silybum,marianum,Carduus marianus,”variegated thistle, blessed milk thistle, cabbage thistle, Gundagai thistle, gundy, holy thistle, lady's thistle, milk thistle, spotted thistle, St Mary's thistle”,HXXAX,L,Vic; SA; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silybum,marianum, ,Variegated Thistle,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur,Med,N Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Silybum,marianum, ,St Mary's Thistle,,,,,”Mainland Europe, less in N Europe & UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silybum,marianum, Carduus marianus,”variegated thistle, blessed milk thistle, cabbage thistle, Gundagai thistle, gundy, holy thistle, lady's thistle, milk thistle, spotted thistle, St Mary's thistle”,,,,”very competitive with pastures & cereal crops, once estab. eliminates most other plants, incl. other thistle sp.; readily eaten after being cut & dried; can be toxic to cattle when grown on high nitrogen soils-due to high nitrate content at certain times”,”originated in Medit region, Asia Minor & Soviet Union; sprd to most temp areas of world & consid. imprt. weed in many of them; common in W USA in pastures & neglected areas & on channel banks; weed of sheep areas in NZ & regarded as weedy in S Af & S Amer”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Silybum,marianum, ,Variegated thistle * ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Move”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Silybum,marianum, ,variegated thistle,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Silybum,marianum, ,”bull thistle, milk thistle, Saint Mary's thistle, spotted thistle, variegated thistle, blessed thistle, hardon Marie, lady's thistle, Marian thistle, holy thistle”,,,,”Silybum marianum is one of the hundreds of thistles found across the world and it is sometimes called milk thistle. It is found on all of the continents, but is noteworthy that it does not behave as an important problem in three large agricultural areas”,appears on all continents,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Silybum,marianum, ,milk thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Silybum,marianum, ,variegated thistle,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Silybum,marianum,syn Carduus marianus,St. Mary's thistle,,,,”canal banks, moist ground”“Young shoots are eaten as a raw salad. Plant grazed by camels and donkeys & used in folk medicine for liver disorders, gallstones, coughs & bronchitis”““,”Medit, Eur, W Asia; introduced & naturalised into A. Amer”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Silybum,spp., ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Simsia,amplexicaulis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Simsia,amplexicaulis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sinacalia,tangutica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Solidago,altissima, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Solidago,bicolor, ,,,,,intact seeds germ 8% within 26days in light & 16% within 17days in dark; seeds with seed coat cut germ 28% in light within 26days & 8% in dark in 12days at 20-25C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Solidago,canadensis,S. altissima,Canada goldenrod,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Solidago,canadensis, ,Canadian Golden Rod,,,,,”UK, Eire, Norway & most of Mainland Europe, except Italy, Greece and Russia “,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Solidago,canadensis, ,golden rod,,,,,,Weed Science List Solidago,canadensis, ,Canada goldenrod,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Solidago,chilensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Solidago,chilensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Solidago,cutleri, ,,,,,”seed planted in soil flats & placed either directly into greenhouse germ 33% in 20-167days, those kept outdoors exposed to winter weather in cold frame for 83days then transferred to greenhouse germ 75% in 11-70days “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Solidago,gigantea, ,,,,,S. serotina,”UK, Eire, Norway & most of Mainland Europe, except Italy, Greece and Russia “,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Solidago,gigantea,Compositae ,,,,,S. serotina,”UK, Eire, Norway & most of Mainland Europe, except Italy, Greece and Russia “,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Solidago,gigantea, ,giant goldenrod,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Solidago,graminifolia var. nuttallii, ,narrowleaf goldenrod,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Solidago,marcrophylla, ,,,,,”seed planted in soil flats & placed either directly into greenhouse germ 39% in 13-167days, those kept outdoors exposed to winter weather in cold frame for 83days then transferred to greenhouse germ 50% in 11-21days “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Solidago,microglossa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Solidago,microglossa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Solidago,missouriensis, ,Missouri goldenrod,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Solidago,nemoralis, ,Gray goldenrod,,,,intact seeds germ 64% in light & 0% within 109days in dark; seeds with seed coat cut germ 20% in diffuse light within 26days & 8% in dark in 12days at 20-25C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Solidago,nemoralis, ,gray goldenrod,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Solidago,occidentalis, ,western goldenrod,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Solidago,odora, ,,,,,”seed planted in soil flats & placed either directly into greenhouse germ 4% in 20-97days, those kept outdoors exposed to winter weather in cold frame for 83days then transferred to greenhouse germ 25% in 21-70days “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Solidago,rigida, ,Rigid goldenrod,,,,”seed collected in Oct & planted 2wks later in box of sand under greenhouse bench, no seeds germ & test conducted for extended period of time”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Solidago,rigida, ,rigid goldenrod,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Solidago,rugosa, ,Rough goldenrod,,,,52% germ in 91days in light at 20-25C & no germ within 109days in dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Solidago,rugosa, ,rough goldenrod,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Solidago,spp., ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Solidago,virgaurea, ,,,,,seeds germ at once after harvest & remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 93%,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Soliva,anthemifolia,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Soliva,anthemifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Soliva,pterosperma,” Gymnostyles pterosperma, Soliva sessilis”,”onehunga, jo-jo, lawn burrweed”,,,,”is a weed of lawns & playing fields, but also occurs sporadically in moister pastures; rarely eaten by stock because of its spines but is a nuisance in recreation areas for same reason”,”native of the Americasoccurs throughout southern Aust, as high as Qld, not present in Tas & NT”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Soliva,pterosperma, ,”onehunga, jo-jo”,,,,,,Weed Science List Soliva,pterosperma, ,”onehunga, jo-jo”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Soliva,sessilis,”S. pterosperma, Gymnostyles pterosperma”,”onehunga, jo-jo, lawn burrweed”,XXXX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Soliva,sessilis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Soliva,stolonifera,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Soliva,stolonifera, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sonchus,arvensis,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sonchus,arvensis, ,Perennial Sowthistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Sonchus,arvensis, ,Perennial sowthistle,,,,100% germ in alt. 20-30C with alt. light/dark & 96% in dark; seed retain viability for no more than 5yr in dry storage,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sonchus,arvensis, ,,,,,,Cosmopolitan,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sonchus,arvensis, ,ssp. arvensis Perennial sowthistle ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Sonchus,arvensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sonchus,arvensis, ,,,,, ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Sonchus,arvensis,syn ,corn sow thistle,,,,”in rather wet climates, sunny or very shaded, rather moist sites on arable land; swampy grassland, along watercourses, roads, ravines & terrace banks, in plantations; usually scattered; from 50-2200m alt; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, a “,”Eur, C Asia, world-wide; introd in Indonesia long ago; has spread throughout Indonesia except the Moluccas & Irian Jaya”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Sonchus,arvensis, ,”perennial sowthistle, corn sowthistle, field milk thistle”,,,,Sonchus arvensis is a perennial herbaceous plant found throughout the temperate regions of the world. The species is adapted to a wide range of edaphic conditions and its extensive horizontal and vertical root system make it very difficult to control.S,”native of Eur, found throughout the temperate regions of world”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Sonchus,arvensis, ,perennial sowthistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sonchus,asper,,rough or prickly sow thistle,HXXH,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sonchus,asper,,Rough Sow-thistle,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sonchus,asper, ,Rough Sow-thistle,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1-9,11,L12,13,14”,”temp N Hem, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Sonchus,asper, ,Spiny sowthistle,,,,65% germ at 10-25C alt; optimum germ temp 35C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sonchus,asper, ,Prickly Sowthistle,,,,2 subspp. asper & glaucescens,Cosmopolitan,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sonchus,asper, ,Spiny sowthistle,,,,triazines 1980 France , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Sonchus,asper,syn ,,,,,fields and waste grounds,”widespread in the Old World, intoduced to New World”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Sonchus,asper, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sonchus,asper, ,,,,, ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Sonchus,asper, ,”rough sowthistle, prickly sowthistle, sowthistle, spiny sowthistle”,,,,”Sonchus asper is a common annual plant, found in a wide variety of habitats. It is a pioneer species and management is difficult because seeds germinate irregularly and over prolonged time and plants develop and mature rapidly and produce many easily disp”,”native to Eur, but now distributed around the world”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Sonchus,asper, ,spiny sowthistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sonchus,cornutus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sonchus,cornutus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sonchus,exauriculatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sonchus,exauriculatus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sonchus,macrocarpus,syn ,,,,,fields and waste grounds,,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Sonchus,oleraceus, ,sow thistle,,,,”, vegetables, field crops”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; Western Samoa; Tonga; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Sonchus,oleraceus,,milk thistle,HXXXXXH,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sonchus,oleraceus, ,Milk Thistle,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1-9,11,12,13”,”Eur,SW As, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Sonchus,oleraceus, ,Annual sowthistle,,,,”78% germ at 10-25C alt. with alt. light/dark; seed germ in soil surface, 77% with 3 temp alt. of 20C:8hrs to 30C:8hrs to 8C:6hrs”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sonchus,oleraceus, ,Smooth Sowthislte,,,,,Cosmopolitan,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sonchus,oleraceus, ,Sowthistle ,,,,chlorsulfuron 1990 Australia Wheat , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Sonchus,oleraceus,syn ,Sow-thistle,,,,”fields, gardens, roadsides, waste groundFresh plants eaten as a salad”,”cosmopolitan weed, less abundant in the trop. than in cool & temp. regions; originally native to Old World, introduced into New World”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Sonchus,oleraceus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sonchus,oleraceus, ,,,,, , Upland Japan Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Sonchus,oleraceus, ,annual sowthistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sonchus,tenerrimus,,sow thistle,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sonchus,tenerrimus, ,,,,,S. dianae,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sonchus,tenerrimus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sonchus,uliginosus,” Sonchus arvensis var. glabrescens, Sonchus arvensis var. uliginosus”,,,,,”91% germ at alt. 68-90F in 4-7days, germ at constant 90F was more rapid but only 50% germ obtained; 2yr old seed germ at alt. 15C:16hrs to 30C:8hrs germ 55% within 13days; vegetative propagation by cuttings of roots”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sphaeranthus,africanus,syn Sphaeranthus microcephalus,,,,,”in areas with a weakly to strongly pronounced dry season; on heavy & lighter soils, margins of ditches, dried-out pools & dtiches; locally often gregarious; from 0-700m alt (Java); flowers Mar-Oct (Java); rainfed, upland & lebak rice fields, a weed of min”,”Afr, throughout Indonesia, except Kalimantan”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Sphaeranthus,bullatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sphaeranthus,bullatus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sphaeranthus,indicus, ,,,,, ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Sphaeranthus,indicus,syn Sphaeranthus hirtus,East Indian globe thistle,,,,”usually on heavy soils; from0-1200m alt. Flowering May-Feb (Java); rainfed & upland rice fields , a weed of minor importance, the herb is a tonic & a laxative”,”India, tropical Asia; throughout Indonesia, except Kalimantan, the Moluccas & Irian Jaya”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Spilanthes,iabadicensis,syn Spilanthes acmella,,,,,”on humid or dry sites; on shallow ditches, on sand & gravel bars in rivers, in moist gardens, in marshy meadows; scattered or gregarious, never vegetation-forming; up to 3100m alt.; rainfed & upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”unknown, througout Indonesia, except Irian Jaya”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Spilanthes,paniculata,”syn Spilanthes ocimicolia, Spilanthes pseudo-acmella”,,,,,”grows in drier places than does S. iabadicnesis; in fields & meadows, waste places, road & water sides, between stones, badly-drained pastures, swamp edges; up to 2200m alt; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, the heads are pungent-tasting & r”,”tropical Amer, SE Asia, also in the Pacific; throughout Indonesia, but not very common in Irian Jaya”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Steirodiscus,chrysanthemoides,,,S,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Stevia,eupatoria,,”stevia, Kempton's weed”,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Stevia,eupatoria, ,”stevia, Kempton's weed”,,,,”unpalatable, useless as feed & rarely grazed by stock ex by accident; dense infestations limit grazing & pasture production”,native of Mexico & is not well known outside the Americas,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Stevia,eupatoria, ,stevia,,,,,,Weed Science List Stevia,eupatoria, ,stevia,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Stoebe,plumosa, Stoebe cinera,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Syncarpha,vestita,” Xeranthemum vestitum, Helichrysum vestitum”““,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Synedrella,nodiflora, ,”syndrella, node weed”,,,,”, plantations, lawns”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands ;Tokelau; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Synedrella,nodiflora,,nodeweed,w,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Synedrella,nodiflora, ,Synedrella,,,,27% germ of seeds planted in moist sand a few wks after collection,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Synedrella,nodiflora,syn ,,,,,”lightly shaded, or more rarely, sunny, not inundated land; in open forest, in village groves, hedges, plantations (coffee, coconut), along roads & dikes, on wastelands, in gardens, on meadows; often gregarious; from 0-1200m alt; upland rice fields, a weed”,”tropical Amer, found in Java for the first time in 1888 & since then has spread throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Synedrella,nodiflora, ,”porter bush, fatten barrow, synedrella”,,,,”Synedrella nodiflora is an annual herb; which has an interesting characteristic in that it has dimorphic seed production, being produced in the ray and disc florets. Each seed type is so distinct that they appear to represent separate species. This weed i”,”native to tropical America; now widely distributed in nearly 50 countries. It occurs not only in the Americas where it originated, but also in China, Aust, the Caribbean, India, Indonesia and the Philippines, and in several African countries.”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Synedrella,nodiflora, ,synedrella,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Synedrellopsis,grisebachii,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tagetes,minuta,,”wild marigold, stinking roger, Mexican marigold, muster John Henry”,XXXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tagetes,minuta, ,Wild Marigold ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Tagetes,minuta, ,Wild marigold,,,,”63% germ of 1-12wk old seed planted on surface of soil in greenhouse, pretreated seed sown in soil poor germ; light required for germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Tagetes,minuta, ,stinking Roger,,,,,,Weed Science List Tagetes,minuta, ,”stinking Roger, Mexican marigold, wild marigold, stinkweed”,,,,”Tagetes minuta is a herbaceous weed prevalent in over 35 countries and is well known for the strong odor that arises from oil glands on its leaves. The oil has been studied for its pharmaceutical, nematicidal and insecticidal properties. It is found in m”,”native to S Amer, tropical and subtropical”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Tagetes,minuta, ,wild marigold,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Tanacetum,boreale,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tanacetum,boreale, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tanacetum,haradjanii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Tanacetum,huronense, ,,,,,”seeds planted in soil flats & exposed to winter weather for 71days, germ 59% within 7-42days after transfer to greenhouse; 12% within 64-92days of those directly planted in greenhouse”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Tanacetum,parthenium,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tanacetum,parthenium, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tanacetum,vulgare,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tanacetum,vulgare,,tansy common ,"WEED OF CONCERN: Control and containment of existing populations of these noxious weeds is strongly encouraged in King County, Washington State.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Tanacetum,vulgare, ,Tansy ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Tanacetum,vulgare, ,Tansy,,,,80% germ in dark at 20-30C alt. & 48% in alt. light/dark; at 20-25C 96% germ in light in 3-23days & 68% in 5-8days in dark; germ markedly affected by light,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Tanacetum,vulgare, ,Tansy,,,,”Crysanthemum vulgare, Chrysanthemum tanacetum”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Tanacetum,vulgare, ,Common tansy ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Tanacetum,vulgare, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tanacetum,vulgare, ,tansy,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Taraxacum,erythrospermum, ,Smooth dandelion,,,,”92% germ or more with 4 conditions tested; 15C alt. light/dark, 20C in dark & 20-30C alt. in either dark or in alt. light/dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Taraxacum,erythrospermum, ,dandelion,,,,,,Weed Science List Taraxacum,erythrospermum, ,smooth dandelion,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Taraxacum,kok-saghyz,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Taraxacum,kok-saghyz, ,,,,,”soaking seed for 3days in 1 molar soln of dextrose, KNO3 or KH2PO4, rinsing, drying & planting in soil; untreated seed germ 48% in 8days, treated 76, 70 & 60% respectively for dextrose, KNO3 or KH2PO4; 88% germ of untreated seed at 20-30C alt. in dark “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Taraxacum,magalorhizon, ,,,,,15-20C optimum for seed germ; recently harvested seed did not germ to any extent if held at 30C or at 0-1C & failed to germ when transferred to optimum temps,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Taraxacum,officinale,,English dandelion,XXXXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Taraxacum,officinale, Taraxacum vulgare,Danelion,,,,”95% germ at 18C in dark within 7days; inc. germ with inc. length of storage; light beneficial at low temps, at 15C germ 4% in dark & 96% in light, at 20-30C alt. 72% in dark & 92% in alt. light/dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Taraxacum,officinale, ,Dandelion,,,,,”All Europe, N Asia & N Amer”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Taraxacum,officinale, ,dandelion,,,,,,Weed Science List Taraxacum,officinale, ,,,,, , Hokkaido ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Taraxacum,officinale, ,dandelion,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Taraxacum,platycarpum, ,,,,,prechilling dec. germ % of seeds & inc. time required for completion of germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Taraxacum,pseudocalocephalum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Taraxacum,vulgare, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Taraxacum,vulgare, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Taraxacum ,officinale, ,”dandelion, common dandelion”,,,,”Taraxacum officinale is an almost stemless, lactiferous, deeply rooted perennial herb, which is especially adapted to pastures, lawns, orchards, hay fields, roadsides and other areas of permanent vegetation with occasional disturbance.T. officinale is “,originated in Eur; now widely distributed in almost every temperate and subtropical region of the world.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Taraxacum ,Sects Hamata & Vulgaria,,Dandelion,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Taraxacum ,Sects Hamata & Vulgaria, ,Dandelion,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 2,4,5,6,7,8,9,15”,”Introduced deliberately from: Euras, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Taraxacum Sect.,Erythrosperma,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Taraxacum Sect.,Hamata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Taraxacum Sect.,Ruderalia,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tarchonanthus,camphoratus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tarchonanthus,camphoratus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Telekia,speciosa, Buphthalmum speciosum,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Tetradymia,canescens, ,spineless horsebrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Tetradymia,glabrata, ,littleleaf horsebrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Thymophylla,tenuiloba,” syn. Dyssodia tenuiloba, Hymenatherum tenuilobum”,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Tithonia,diversifolia,,Japanese sunflower,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tithonia,diversifolia, ,Mexican sunflower,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: savanna, grassland, roadsides, riverbanks, at low altitudesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: C. Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Tithonia,diversifolia, ,Mexican sunflower,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: savanna, grassland, roadsides, riverbanks, at low altitudesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: C. Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Tithonia,diversifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tithonia,diversifolia, ,tree marigold,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Tithonia,rotundifolia,,Mexican sunflower,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tithonia,rotundifolia, ,red sunflower,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: wasteland, roadsides, at moderate altitudes (+/600-1400m)Cultivated for: ornament”,Origin: C. Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Tithonia,rotundifolia, ,red sunflower,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: wasteland, roadsides, at moderate altitudes (+/600-1400m)Cultivated for: ornament”,Origin: C. Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Tithonia,rotundifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tolpis,barbata,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tolpis,barbata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tolpis,umbellata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tragopogan,pratensis, ,Meadow salsify ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Tragopogon,dubius,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tragopogon,dubius, ,Western salsify ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Tragopogon,dubius, ,yellow salsify,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Tragopogon,dubius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tragopogon,dubius,,yellow goats-beard,,,,”RANK 3. “LESSER THREAT”Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Tragopogon,hybridus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tragopogon,hybridus, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Tragopogon,hybridus, ,,,,,,Medit Region,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Tragopogon,hybridus,Compositae ,,,,,,Medit Region,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Tragopogon,major, Tragopogon dubius,Western salsify,,,,seeds planted in field in late autumn of year of collection 30% germ in following season,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Tragopogon,major, ,western salsify,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Tragopogon,porrifolius,,salsify,XXXXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tragopogon,porrifolius, ,Salsify,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual/Biennial. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,8,11,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: Med and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Tragopogon,porrifolius, ,Common salsify,,,,96% germ in alt light/dark at alt. 20-30C & 76% in dark; at 20C in dark 72% & 15C in alt. light/dark 56%,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Tragopogon,porrifolius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tragopogon,porrifolius, ,common salsify,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Tragopogon,pratensis, ,Meadow salsify,,,,seeds germ in 1st spring after harvest; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ100%; 92% germ at 20-25C within 7days in light & 88% in 8days in dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Tragopogon,pratensis, ,Goat's Beard,,,,,All Europe & W Asia,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Tragopogon,pratensis,Compositae ,Goat's Beard,,,,,All Europe & W Asia,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Tragopogon,pratensis, ,meadow salsify,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Tridax,procumbens, ,”tridax, coat buttons”,,,,”, vegetables, roadsides”,Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Tridax,procumbens,,tridax daisy,XH,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tridax,procumbens, ,Tridax daisy,,,,,,Weed Science List Tridax,procumbens,syn ,,,,,”Especially in drier areas; sunny or lightly shaded, dry or slightly wet substrata; along roads, dikes, railroads, riverbanks, cultivated land, meadows, dunes; often gregarious; from 0-1500m alt; rainfed & upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, so”,”tropical Amer, India & SE Asia; found in Java for the first time in 1875 & since then has spread throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Tridax,procumbens,,,terrestrial,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Tridax,procumbens, ,,,,,”Tridax procumbens is generally considered a perennial but some refer to it as an annual or short-lived perennial. It adapts to many environments and is frequently foun in annual crops, roadsides, pastures, fallow land and waste areas, and occaasionally in”,native to the tropical Americas but now found in nearly 60 countries.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution Holm et. al. Tripleurospermum,inodorum,T. maritimum ssp. inodorum,scentless mayweed,H,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tripleurospermum,maritimum,= Matricaria maritima,mayweed,,,,,,Weed Science List Tripleurospermum,maritimum,= Matricaria maritima,mayweed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Tussilago,farfara,,"Common Name(s): Cough-wort, Ginger-root, Clay-weed, Dovedock, Horse-hoof","Avail nurseries, Ornamental Potential Invasive ""Habitat : Moist clay banks, ditches, pastures and fields Description : Perennial, many disk and ray flowers, 2-3 cm, yellow, stems woolly, leaves basal, simple, palmately veined yellow, stems woolly, l",Europe. Habitat: ," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Tussilago,farfara, ,Coltsfoot,,,,”75% germ of seed placed in germinator after harvest & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 94% germ immediately after harvest, 57%, 41% & 3% after 1, 2, & 4mths of air-dry storage at 18-23C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Tussilago,farfara, ,Coltsfoot,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Tussilago,farfara,Compositae ,Coltsfoot,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Tussilago,farfara, ,coltsfoot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Tussilago,farfara,,coltsfoot,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Urospermum,dalechampii,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Urospermum,picroides,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Urospermum,picroides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Urospermum,picroides,syn Tragopogon picroides,,,,,”fields, gardens, roadsides, waste ground”,”Medit, S Eur, W Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Ursinia,anethoides, ,,,,,”seeds soaked in water overnight, only swollen seeds tested at 26C, 63% in 15days in dark & 59% in 70days in light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Ursinia,anthemoides,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ursinia,anthemoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ursinia,chrysanthemoides,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ursinia,chrysanthemoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ursinia,speciosa,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ursinia,speciosa, ,,,,,”seeds soaked in water overnight, only swollen seeds tested at 26C, 67% in 15days in dark & 36% in 70days in light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Ursinia,speciosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Vellereophyton,dealbatum,,White Cudweed,HH,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Vellereophyton,dealbatum, ,White Cudweed,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,29,11”,”S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Vellereophyton,dealbatum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Vemonia,cinerea, ,”vemonia, iron weed”,,,,”, sweet potato, banana”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Verbesina,encelioides,Ximenesia exauriculata,”crown beard, American dogweed, golden crownbeard, gold weed”,XXX,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Verbesina,encelioides, Ximenesia exauriculata,”crown beard, American dogweed, golden crownbeard, gold weed, South African daisy, wild sunflower”,,,,”introd to NSW in 1st decade of this century, & 1st recorded at Wisemans Ferry in 1908; since sprd over the whole of C & N Coast areas & into the N & C Western Slopes & Western Plains; occurs in S & C Qld, at Waikerie in SA & a few patches have been found “,”native of Mexico & southern USA, where it is a common weed of field borders from Cal. to Kansas; introd to several other countries, inc. SW Arabian Peninsula, Arg, Pacific Is., & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Verbesina,encelioides, ,crown beard,,,,,,Weed Science List Verbesina,encelioides, ,crown beard,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Verbesina,encelioides var. exauriculata, ,crownbeard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Verbesina,persicifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Verbesina,persicifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Vernonia,altissima, ,tall ironweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Vernonia,baldwini, ,western ironweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Vernonia,baldwinii, ,Western ironweed,,,,seeds germ in lab conditions readily; rhizomes with buds vegetative reproduction,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Vernonia,cinerea,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Vernonia,cinerea,”syn Vernonia abbreviata, Vernonia laxiflora, Vernonia leptophylla, Vernonia linifolia, Vernonia parviflora, Vernonia zollingeriana”,,,,,”sunny or lightly shaded, not wet, often grassy sites (alang-alang & other grasses), along roadsides, in rubber & tea plantations, dunes; often gregarious; from 0-1400m alt (java); flowers all year round; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, Ver”,”unknown, tropical; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Vernonia,cinerea, ,”vernonia, little ironweed, ironweed”,,,,”Vernonia cinerea is an annual, erect herb, which is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and occurs in nearly 50 countries and is common in gardens, field and plantation crops, pastures, roadsides and waste areas.V. cinerea is a reported weed o”,widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Vernonia,cinerea, ,little ironweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Vernonia,noveboracensis, ,,,,,”seed planted in soil flats, exposed to winter weather outdoors for 83days 78% germ within 11-21days after transfer to greenhouse; 57% within 34-90days of seed immediately planted in greenhouse”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Vernonia,patula, ,,,,,45% germ of seed planted in moist sand 2wks after collection,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Vernonia,polyanthes, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Vernonia,polyanthes, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Viguiera,annua, ,annual goldeneye,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Viguiera,dentata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Viguiera,dentata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Viguiera,stenoloba, ,shrubby goldeneye,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Wedelia,glauca,,Pascalia weed,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Wedelia,glauca, ,Pascalia weed,,,,,,Weed Science List Wedelia,glauca, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Wedelia,glauca, ,Pascalia weed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Wedelia,trilobata, ,wedelia,,,,”, vegetables”,French Polynesia; American Samoa; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Wedelia,trilobata,Silphum trilobatum,Singapore daisy,Xw,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Wedelia,trilobata, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Wedelia,trilobata,,wedelia,,,,”Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Wyethia,amplexicaulis, ,mulesears,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Xanthium,ambrosioides,,,,L,NT,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Xanthium,californicum,Part of X. strumarium,noogoora burr complex,,L,SA; NT; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Xanthium,californicum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Xanthium,canavillesii,Part of X. strumarium,noogoora burr complex,,LP,SA; NT; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Xanthium,cavanillesii,= X. strumarium,S. American burr,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Xanthium,cavanillesii, ,”S. American burr, X. strumarium”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Xanthium,chinense, ,oriental cocklebur,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Xanthium,echinatum, ,beach cocklebur,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Xanthium,italicum,Part of X. strumarium,noogoora burr complex,,LP,SA; NT; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Xanthium,italicum,= X. strumarium,Hunter burr,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Xanthium,italicum, ,Italian cocklebur,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Xanthium,italicum, ,”Hunter burr, X. strumarium”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Xanthium,occidentale,”Part of X. strumarium, Xanthium pungens, Xanthium strumarium, Xanthium chinense”,”noogoora burr, beach cocklebur, burweed, clotbur, cocklebur, European cockle bur. Italian cockle bur, rough cockle bur, sheepbur, noogoora burr complex”,XAHH,L,NSW; Vic; Qld; NT; WA; SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Xanthium,occidentale,= X. strumarium,Noogoora burr,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Xanthium,occidentale, ,”Noogoora burr, X. strumarium”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Xanthium,orientale,”Part of X. strumarium, Xanthium californicum”,”Californian burr, beach cocklebur, burweed, clotbur, cocklebur, European cockle bur. Italian cockle bur, rough cockle bur, sheepbur”“ noogoora burr complex”,,L,NSW; Vic; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Xanthium,orientale, Xanthium californicum,”Californian burr, beach cocklebur, burweed, clotbur, cocklebur, European cockle bur. Italian cockle bur, rough cockle bur, sheepbur”,,,,,”originates in N Amer, & only occurs in California & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Xanthium,orientale,= X. strumarium,Californian burr,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Xanthium,orientale, ,”Californian burr, X. strumarium”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Xanthium,pensylvanicum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Xanthium,pensylvanicum, ,common cocklebur,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Xanthium,pensylvanicum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Xanthium,pungens, ,noogoora burr,,,,”, vegetables, pasture”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Papua New Guinea ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Xanthium,speciosum, ,showy cocklebur,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Xanthium,spinosum,,”Bathust burr, burweed, prickly burrweed, spiny cocklebur, spiny clotbur “,HXXXHH,L,ACT; NSW; Vic; Qld; SA; NT; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Xanthium,spinosum, ,Bathhurst Burr,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,8,9,12”,”trop Am, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Xanthium,spinosum, ,Spiny Cockleburr,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Xanthium,spinosum, ,”Bathust burr, burweed, prickly burrweed, spiny cocklebur, spiny clotbur “,,,,”; listed as a weed in 39 countries & is a serious competitor with such crops as cotton, maize, peas, potatoes, sorghum, sugarcane & grapes”,; Tas-Nox & Prohib (as Xanthium spp.),”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Xanthium,spinosum, ,Spiny cocklebur ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Xanthium,spinosum, ,spiny cocklebur,,,,”Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: ploughed lands, old lands, riverbanks”,Origin: uncertain probably S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Xanthium,spinosum, ,spiny cocklebur,,,,”Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: ploughed lands, old lands, riverbanks”,Origin: uncertain probably S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Xanthium,spinosum, ,Bathurst burr ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mo”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Xanthium,spinosum,syn ,,,,,”roadsides, fields, moist ground; naturalised”,native of S Amer; introduced into many regions of the Old World,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Xanthium,spinosum, ,Bathurst burr,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Xanthium,spinosum, ,spiny cocklebur,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Xanthium,spinosum, ,Bathurst burr,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Xanthium,spinosum,,spiny cocklebur,,,,”RANK 3. “LESSER THREAT”Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Xanthium,spp., ,Cocklebur,,,,burr contains 2 types of seed differing in time of germ; upper burr germ at 32-34C with seed coat removed or increased oxygen pressure that breaks down metabolic inhibitors,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Xanthium,spp., ,,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Xanthium,strumarium, ,,,,,Lots,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Xanthium,strumarium, ,Common cocklebur,,,,MSMA/DSMA 1985 USA Cotton , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Xanthium,strumarium, ,Common cocklebur,,,,imidazolinones 1989 USA Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Xanthium,strumarium, ,large cocklebur,,,,”Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: ploughed lands, old lands, riverbanks”,Origin: uncertain probably C & S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Xanthium,strumarium, ,large cocklebur,,,,”Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: ploughed lands, old lands, riverbanks”,Origin: uncertain probably C & S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Xanthium,strumarium,syn X. brasilicum,,,,,”fields, Nile and canal banks, moist ground”,naturalised in many regions of the Old World,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Xanthium,strumarium, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Xanthium,strumarium,,common cocklebur,,,,”RANK 3. “LESSER THREAT”Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Xanthium,strumarium spp. agg., ,Noogoora burr complex N ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Move”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Xanthium ,occidentale,” Xanthium pungens, Xanthium strumarium, Xanthium chinense”,”Noogoora burr, beach cocklebur, burweed, clotbur, cocklebur, European cockle bur. Italian cockle bur, rough cockle bur, sheepbur”,,,,,”originate in N Amer & is now sprd throughout the temp & subtrop regions of the world 7 considered imprt. weed in 28 countries inc. India, Thai, Philip, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, S Afr, W Asia, several Medit countries & the USA (inc. Hawaii)”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Youngia,japonica, ,Asiatic hawksbeard,,,,paraquat 1980 Japan Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Youngia,japonica, ,,,,, Weeds of sown grassland , Shizuoka Upland Japan Miyasaki Okayama Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Youngia,japonica, ,oriental hawkbeard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Zinnia,elegans,,wild zinnia,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Zinnia,oligantha, ,,,,,100% germ of seeds with intact coats (but removed from fruit walls) within 3days at 26-27C with 12hrs light:12hrs dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Zinnia,peruviana,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Zinnia,peruviana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Erigeron,sumatrensis,”syn Erigeron linifolius, Conyza ambigua”,fleabane,,,,”sunny to lightly shaded dry or moist (but not marshy) regions with weak or pronounced dry season; on steep embarkments, alang-alang & othe rgrass vegetation, along dikes & roads, wastelands & agricultuaral land; in young secondary scrub, in rubber & tea p”,”tropical Amer, pantropical; found for the first time in Java before 1860 & spread throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Athyriaceae Diplazium,esculentus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Azollaceae Azolla,caroliniana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Azolla,caroliniana, ,Atlantic azolla,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Azolla,caroliniana, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Azolla,filiculoides, ,Pacific azolla,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Azolla,filliculoides, ,red water fern,,,,”Proposed Declared WeedHerbaceous Species Invades: dams, rivers, vleis, mainly in temperate regions.Cultivated for: ornamental”,”Origin: N, C & S Amer”,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Azolla,filliculoides, ,red water fern,,,,”Proposed Declared WeedHerbaceous Species Invades: dams, rivers, vleis, mainly in temperate regions.Cultivated for: ornamental”,”Origin: N, C & S Amer”,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Azolla,imbricata, ,Azolla,,,,” Aquatic weed, free-floating “, Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Azolla,japonica, ,,,,, , Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Azolla,pinnata,,,aquatic,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Azolla,pinnata,syn ,azolla,,,,”borders of stagnant or slow moving water; due to its rapid growth it may cover the entire water sufrace (in combination with Lemna spp.); sometimes stranded on mud banks; from 0-2200m; lowland, lebak & tidal rice fields, it is either considered an undersi”,”tropical Asia, Pantropical; throughout Indonesia, except the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Moluccas & Irian Jaya”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Azolla,pinnata, ,”ferny azolla, mosquito fern, water velvet”,,,,”It is found in tropical regions and in lakes, marshes, ponds, paddy fields, ditches and rivers of warm temperature. Azolla pinnata is a weed in 30 countries including Aust, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. It is a seri”,”Found in nearly all the Asian countries, in most of tropical Afr, NZ, and Aust.”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Balsaminaceae Impatiens,balsamina, ,Garden balsm,,,,”fresh seed dormant; 4-6mths dry storage at room temp, then germ at 25C; fresh seed prechill at 5C for 2wks; 90% germ after 6yrs lab storage”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Impatiens,balsamina, ,garden balsam,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Impatiens,capensis, ,spotted snapweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Impatiens,glandulifera,,Common Name(s): Himalayan balsam,"Avail nurseries, Ornamental Potential Invasive ""1-2 m high, flowers in clusters, red-pink to white with yellow spots, 3-4 cm long, stem hairless, leaves 6-20 cm long, toothed, opposite or whorled, lanceolate, fruit club shaped, 3 cm long long, tooth","Europe. Habitat: Bushy places, grazing grounds"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Impatiens,nolitangere, ,,,,,”some seed germ immediately after harvest, remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in water unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 84% germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Impatiens,pallida, ,pale snapweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Impatiens,parviflora, ,,,,,seeds placed in water unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors 98% germ; needs prechilling at 5C or less for 2wks,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Impatiens,spp., ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Impatiens,spp., ,Balsams ,,,,GROUNDCOVERS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Impatiens,walleriana,Impatiens balsamina,”busy lizzie, balsam”,XXS,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Impatiens,walleriana, ,Balsam ,,,,Ground Covers.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Impatiens,walleriana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Basellaceae Anredera,baselloides, ,”bridal wreath, Madeira vine”,,,,”Succulent SpeciesInvades: woodland, urban open spaceCultivated for: ornament, and its edible tubers”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Anredera,baselloides, ,”bridal wreath, Madeira vine”,,,,”Succulent SpeciesInvades: woodland, urban open spaceCultivated for: ornament, and its edible tubers”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Anredera,cordifolia,,Maderia Vine,HXHXXSX,NL,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Anredera,cordifolia, ,Maderia Vine,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Vine. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,6,8,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Am, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Anredera,cordifolia, ,Madeira Vine ,,,,Major WeedVINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Anredera,cordifolia, ,Madeira Vine ,,,,Major Threat Vines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Anredera,cordifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Basella,alba,,,S,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Basella,alba, ,,,,,”Region of origin - Afr, SE Asia; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - agriculture edible”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Berberidaceae Berberis,aristata,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Berberis,aristata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Berberis,canadensis, ,American barberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Berberis,darwinii,,berberis,XS,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Berberis,darwinii, ,Berberis,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Am and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Berberis,darwinii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Berberis,fendleri, ,Colorado barberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Berberis,thunbergii, ,Japanese barberry,,,,”alternating temps 10-22C, 5-22C, 5-15C & 15-32C all effective; germ at constant temp (10, 15,18C) improved if seeds held at 5C on moist blotters for 32 days before”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Berberis,thunbergii,,Japanese barberry,"Avail nurseries, Ornamental Potential Invasive , Additional Comments : Spread by birds, introduced 1806 ""4-6 feet high, flowers yellow in drooping clusters, many stemmed, green or red leaves, 2 inches long, fruits oblong and bright red""",Asia. Habitat: Areas prone to browsing by deer," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Berberis,thunbergii, ,Japanese barberry,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Berberis,thunbergii, ,Japanese barberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Berberis,thunbergii,,Japanese barberry,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Berberis,vulgaris,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Berberis,vulgaris, ,,,,,”Region of origin - Eur, Asia; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Berberis,vulgaris, ,European barberry,,,,”alternating temps 10-22C, 5-22C, 5-15C & 15-32C all effective; germ at constant temp (10, 15,18C) improved if seeds held at 5C on moist blotters for 32 days before”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Berberis,vulgaris, ,European barberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Bongardia,chrysogonum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bongardia,chrysogonum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Leontice,leontopetalum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Leontice,leontopetalum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Mahonia,aquifolium,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Mahonia,aquifolium, ,oregongrape,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Mahonia,haematocarpa, ,red mahonia,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Mahonia,leschenaultii,,mahonia,S,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Mahonia,leschenaultii, ,,,,,”Region of origin - India, E Asia; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread ornamental”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Mahonia,leschenaultii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Mahonia,pinnata,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Mahonia,trifoliolata, ,agarito,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Nandina,domestica,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Nandina,domestica, ,,,,,Region of origin India to Japan; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Nandina,domestica, ,”heavenly bamboo, nandina, sacred bamboo”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Nandina,domestica,,”nadina, heavenly bamboo”,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Betulaceae Alnus,cordata,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alnus,crispa, ,American green alder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Alnus,glutinosa,,”alder, common alder, European alder”,SH,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alnus,glutinosa,,"European alder, Black alder","Avail nurseries, Ornamental Potential Invasive , Additional Comments : Spread by river, spreads vegetatively ""20 m high, flowers as pollen producing catkins, leaves obovate, rounded, broadly pyramidal with several trunks, hanging cones, 1-2 cm long ","Europe. Habitat: Creek valleys, wetlands"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Alnus,glutinosa, ,,,,,Region of origin - NW Eur to W Asia; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Alnus,glutinosa, ,European alder,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Alnus,glutinosa,,sticky alder,,,,WATCH LISTMay be a problem elsewhere; more information needed.,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Alnus,rhombifolia, ,white alder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Alnus,rubra,,red alder,E,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alnus,rubra, ,red alder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Alnus,rugosa, ,speckled alder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Alnus,serrulata, ,hazel alder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Alnus,sinuata, ,Sitka alder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Betula,nigra,,red birch,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Betula,nigra, ,,,,,Region of origin - N Amer; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Betula,pendula,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Betula,pendula,,"Silver birch, European white birch","Avail nurseries, Landscaping, Ornamental Low Level Invasive , Additional Comments : Displaces native flora, overshades ""15 m high, flowers in long slender catkins, leaves 37 cm long, triangular or ovate, hairless, double-toothed, cones 2-4 cm long ","Europe. Habitat: Disturbed quarries and bogs, wetlands"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Betula,pubescens,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Betula,pubescens, ,,,,,Region of origin - Eur to Siberia; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Bignoniaceae Adenocalymna,alliaceum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Adenocalymna,alliaceum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Bignonia,capreolata,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bignonia,capreolata, ,crossvine,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Bignonia,capreolata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Campsis,radicans,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Campsis,radicans, ,,,,,Region of origin - E USA; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Campsis,radicans, ,trumpetcreeper,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Catalpa,bignonioides, ,southern catalpa,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Catalpa,speciosa, ,northern catalpa,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Clytostoma,binatum,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Clytostoma,binatum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Crescentia,cujete, ,calabash tree,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Jacaranda,mimosifolia,,”jacaranda tree, black poui”,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Jacaranda,mimosifolia, ,Jacaranda ,,,,TREES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Jacaranda,mimosifolia, ,jacaranda,,,,” Proposed Declared Invader. Woody SpeciesInvades: savanna, wooded kloofs, riverbanksCultivated for: ornament, shade, timber”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Jacaranda,mimosifolia, ,jacaranda,,,,” Proposed Declared Invader. Woody SpeciesInvades: savanna, wooded kloofs, riverbanksCultivated for: ornament, shade, timber”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Macfadyena,unguis-cati,,Cat's claw creeper,XXS,NL,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Macfadyena,unguis-cati, ,Cat's-Claw Creeper ,,,,Major WeedVINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Macfadyena,unguis-cati, ,catclaw vine,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Macfadyena,unguis-cati, ,cat's claw creeper,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: woodland, plantations, roadsides, urban open spaceCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: C & S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Macfadyena,unguis-cati, ,cat's claw creeper,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: woodland, plantations, roadsides, urban open spaceCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: C & S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Macfadyena,unguis-cati, ,Cat's-claw Vine ,,,, Major Threat Vines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Macfadyena,unguis-cati, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Macfadyena,unguis-cati,,claw vine,,,,”Catergory I Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Parmentiera,aculeata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Parmentiera,cerifera,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Parmentiera,edulis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pithecoctenium,cyanchoides,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pithecoctenium,cyanchoides, ,,,,,Region of origin - Brazil to Argentina; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Pyrostegia,ignea, ,Golden Shower Vine ,,,,VINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Pyrostegia,venusta,,”flame vine, flame thrower”,w,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pyrostegia,venusta, ,Golden Shower Vine,,,,Vines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Pyrostegia,venusta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Saritaea,magnifica,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Spathodea,campanulata, ,African tulip tree,,,,”, pastures, roadsides”,Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Tonga ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Spathodea,campanulata,,”African tulip tree, flame tree”,XXw,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Spathodea,campanulata, ,,,,,Region of origin - trop Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Spathodea,campanulata, ssp. rotundata,African Tulip Tree,,,,TREES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Tanaecium,exitiosum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tanaecium,exitiosum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Tecoma,alata,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tecoma,capensis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tecoma,capensis, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Tecoma,capensis,syn. Tecomeria,Fire Flower ,,,,SHRUBS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Tecoma,stans, ,yellow elder,,,,”, “,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; New Caledonia; American Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Tecoma,stans,Tecomaria stans,yellow bells,XE,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tecoma,stans, ,yellow bells,,,,”Proposed Declared Invader. Woody SpeciesInvades: roadsides, urban open spacesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: tropical Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Tecoma,stans, ,yellow bells,,,,”Proposed Declared Invader. Woody SpeciesInvades: roadsides, urban open spacesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: tropical Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Tecoma,stans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tecoma,stans, ,trumpetflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Bixaceae Bixa,orellana,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bixa,orellana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Boraginaceae Amsinckia,calycina,,Hairy Fiddle-neck,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amsinckia,calycina, ,Hairy Fiddle-neck,,,,Dispersal: animal external. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,”S Am, sthern N Am, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Amsinckia,calycina, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amsinckia,douglasiana, ,Douglas fiddleneck,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amsinckia,intermedia,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amsinckia,intermedia, ,Coast fiddleneck,,,,100% germ at 20C in darkness on moist filter paper in petri dishes,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Amsinckia,intermedia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amsinckia,intermedia, ,coast fiddleneck,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amsinckia,lycopsoides,,Bugloss Fiddle-neck,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amsinckia,lycopsoides, ,Bugloss Fiddle-neck,,,,Dispersal: animal external. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 41,”eastern N Am, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Amsinckia,lycopsoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Amsinckia,lycopsoides, ,tarweed fiddleneck,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Amsinckia,menziesii,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amsinckia,menziesii, ,,,,,Region of origin - W USA; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Amsinckia,spp.,,”yellow burrweed, amsinckia, buckthorn, fiddleneck, tar weed, yellow gromwell”,,L,WA; SA; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Amsinckia,spp., ,”yellow burrweed, amsinckia, buckthorn, fiddleneck, tar weed, yellow gromwell”,,,,,”important weed generally throughout the cereal belt of NSW; it infests Vic cereal crops in Wimmera, southern Mallee & Ballart area; many outbreaks in SA cereal areas particularly in upper south east & Mallee with smaller infestations in northern areas & i”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Amsinckia,spp., ,Yellow burrweed * n ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mo”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Amsinckia,spp., ,”yellow burrweed, amsinckia”,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Amsinckia,spp., ,”yellow burrweed, amsinckia”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Amsinckia,tessellata, ,western fiddleneck,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Anchusa,arvensis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Anchusa,arvensis, ,Bugloss,,,,Lycopsis arvensis,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anchusa,arvensis, ,Small bugloss ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Anchusa,arvensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Anchusa,arvensis,, small bugloss,"Possible Weed of Agriculture, grassland and Forest: High Weed Potential in Disturbed areas",,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Anchusa,arvensis,,bugloss annual ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are non-native species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Anchusa,azurea,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Anchusa,azurea, ,Large Blue Alkanet,,,,A. italica,”Mainland Europe except: Northern Germany , less in Germany and France.”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anchusa,azurea, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Anchusa,capensis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Anchusa,capensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Anchusa,italica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Anchusa,italica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Anchusa,officinalis, ,Alkanet,,,,,”All Europe except: Spain, Portugal, UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Anchusa,officinalis, ,Common bugloss ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Anchusa,officinalis,, common bugloss,"Possible Weed of Agriculture, grassland and Forest: High Weed Potential in Disturbed areas",,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Anchusa,officinalis,,bugloss common ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are non-native species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Echium,vulgare,, blueweed,"Possible Weed of Agriculture, grassland and Forest: High Weed Potential in Disturbed areas",,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Anchusa,officinalis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Anchusa,officinalis, ,common bugloss,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Asperugo,procumbens, ,Madwort,,,,,”Mainland Europe, Scandinavia (less in West)”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Borago,officinalis,,borage,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Borago,officinalis, ,Borage,,,,,”Mainland Europe, UK, Sweden (Less in Northern Europe)”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Borago,officinalis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bothriospermum,tenellum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bothriospermum,tenellum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Bothriospermum,tenellum, ,,,,,biennial sub-dominance , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Bothriospermum,tenellum, ,,,,, ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Bourreria,acimoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bourreria,acimoides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Buglossoides,arvensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Buglossoides,arvensis,,corn gromwell,,,,”RANK 3. “LESSER THREAT”Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Buglossoides,arvensis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Buglossoides,arvensis,syn Lithospermum arvense,”Field Gromwell, Corn gromwell”,,,,Lithospermum arvense ,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cerinthe,major, ,,,,,,”S West Europe, inc Italy and Greece”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cerinthe,major, ,,,,,,”S West Europe, inc Italy and Greece”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cerinthe,minor, ,,,,,,Central to S East Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cerinthe,minor, ,,,,,,Central to S East Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cordia,boissieri, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cordia,boissieri, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cordia,curassavica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cordia,curassavica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cordia,cylindristachya, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cordia,cylindristachya, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cordia,sebestena, ,geiger tree,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Cordia,subcordata, ,cordia,,,,”tropical America, forest thickets, sandy shores”,French Polynesia; Kiribati; Marshall Islands; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Tuvalu; Wallis & Futuna,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Cryptantha,torreyana, ,,,,,”prechilling of moist seed at 3C for 4wks, then alt. temp 20-30C with alt. light/dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cynoglossum,clandestinum, ,,,,,,W Medit Region,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cynoglossum,clandestinum, ,,,,,,W Medit Region,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cynoglossum,coeruleum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cynoglossum,coeruleum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cynoglossum,creticum, ,,,,,,Medit Region,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cynoglossum,creticum, ,,,,,,Medit Region,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cynoglossum,lanceolatum, ,,,,,”seeds planted 1-12wks after harvest in greenhouse; 8% germ with prechilling & conc. sulfuric acid treatment, no germ untreated seeds “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cynoglossum,officinale, ,Hounds tounge,,,,”4% germ at 20C in dark, & at alt. 20-30C with alt. ligth/dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cynoglossum,officinale, ,Hound's Tounge,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cynoglossum,officinale, ,Hound's Tounge,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cynoglossum,officinale, ,Houndstongue ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Cynoglossum,officinale, ,houndstongue,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Cynoglossum,officinale, ,houndstongue,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cynoglossum,virginianum, ,,,,,planted seeds in greenhouse approx. 3wks after harvest no germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cynoglosum,creticum,,,E,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cynoglosum,creticum, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Echium,brevirame, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Echium,candicans,,,,NL,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Echium,fastuosum,,”pride of Madeira, beeshead”,X,NL,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Echium,italicum,,,,LP,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Echium,italicum, ,Italian bugloss,,,,,,Weed Science List Echium,italicum, ,Italian bugloss,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Echium,lycopsis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Echium,pininana, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Echium,plantagineum,Echium lycopsis,”Paterson's curse, salvation Jane, blue weed, Lady Campbell weed, purple bugloss, purple echium, purple viper's bugloss, Riverina bluebell, viper's bugloss”,HXXXXAXXH,L,ACT; NSW; Vic; SA; NT; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Echium,plantagineum, ,Patersons Curse,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,4,5,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: Med, Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Echium,plantagineum, ,Paterson's Curse,,,,”E. lycopsis, E. violaceum, E. maritimum”,”Southern and Western Europe, Uk”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Echium,plantagineum, Echium lycopsis,”Paterson's curse, salvation Jane, blue weed, Lady Campbell weed, purple bugloss, purple echium, purple viper's bugloss, Riverina bluebell, viper's bugloss”,,,,”prolific seeder & over 30 000 seeds/sq.m in dense patches; emergence & estab. favoured by early break in season, its high early growth rate allows it to out-compete other seedlings & better equips it to survive moisture stress after a false break; seedlin”,”originated in Medit region & W Eur; now spread to most temp areas of the world, but imprt. weed in Aust only; common & widesprd in S Afr, S Amer & occurs but not common in N Amer & NZ; occasionally weedy on arable land in parts of its native range ie. Spa”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Echium,plantagineum, ,Patterson's curse,,,,”Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: cultivated lands, pastures, roadsidesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: Europe & Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Echium,plantagineum, ,Patterson's curse,,,,”Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: cultivated lands, pastures, roadsidesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: Europe & Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Echium,plantagineum, ,Salvation Jane * n ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Echium,plantagineum, ,”Paterson's curse, salvation Jane”,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Echium,plantagineum, ,”Paterson's curse, salvation Jane”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Echium,rauwolfii,syn ,,,,,”waste ground, roadsides, especially in Upper Egypt; also encountered in some desert regions.”,”Arid Saharan belt of Afr, Arabia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Echium,simplex,,,,L,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Echium,simplex, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Echium,vulgare,,”viper's bugloss, blue thistle, blueweed”,XAH,NLP,NSW; Vic; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Echium,vulgare,,blueweed ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are non-native species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Echium,vulgare, ,Vipers Bugloss,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur,C As, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Echium,vulgare, ,Blue thistle,,,,”91% germ within 7 days in diffuse light at 20-25C, no germ within 158days in dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Echium,vulgare, ,Viper's Bugloss,,,,”E. argenteum, E. granatense, E. hispanicum”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Echium,vulgare, ,”viper's bugloss, blue thistle, blueweed”,,,,less palatable & competitive than E. plantagineum,”originated from Eur & Asia Minor; now spread through the temp areas of the world & is a weed of some imprt. in the USA, particularly in pastures in the States of Washington & Virginia, & also imprt. in cereal crops in the British Isles; occurs in Canada, “,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Echium,vulgare, ,Blueweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Echium,vulgare, ,blue echium,,,,”Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: cultivated lands, pastures, roadsidesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: Europe & Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Echium,vulgare, ,blue echium,,,,”Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: cultivated lands, pastures, roadsidesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: Europe & Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Echium,vulgare, ,viper's bugloss,,,,,,Weed Science List Echium,vulgare, ,blue thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Echium,vulgare, ,viper's bugloss,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Echium,vulgare,,viper's bugloss,,,,WATCH LISTMay be a problem elsewhere; more information needed.,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Hackelia,floribunda, ,western stickseed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hackelia,floribunda, ,manyflower stickseed,,P,,http://issfw.palomar.edu/Wayne/plmay98.htm,,Western Australian Prohibited List Harpagonella,palmeri, var. palmeri Gray ,Palmer's grapplinghook,,P,,”Palmer's grapplinghookOne of the ““super hitchhikers”“ of southern California, Baja California Norte, and the offshore California islands is alow-growing annual called ““stick-tight”“ (Harpagonella palmeri). In the official WAYNE'S WORD Top 17 Hitchhikers, “,,Western Australian Prohibited List Heliotropium,amplexicaule,”Cochranea anchusaefolia, Heliotropium anchusaefolium, Tournefortia heliotropioides”,”blue heliotrope, clasping heliotrope, purpletop, turnsole, wild heliotrope, wild verbena, verveine sauvage”,XX,NLP,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Heliotropium,amplexicaule,” Cochranea anchusaefolia, Heliotropium anchusaefolium, Tournefortia heliotropioides”,”blue heliotrope, clasping heliotrope, purpletop, turnsole, wild heliotrope, wild verbena, verveine sauvage”,,,,”coloniser of roadsides, old cultivation areas & pastures where, because of its gregarius nature & the ground cover provided by its many prostrate stems, its commonly found in clumps free of other sp., reducing pasture productivity; aggressive on deep red “,native of S Amer,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Heliotropium,amplexicaule, ,blue heliotrope,,,,,,Weed Science List Heliotropium,amplexicaule, ,clasping heliotrope,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Heliotropium,amplexicaule, ,blue heliotrope,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Heliotropium,anomalum, ,silvery heliotrope,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Heliotropium,bovei, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Heliotropium,bovei, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Heliotropium,curassavicum,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Heliotropium,curassavicum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Heliotropium,curassavicum, ,seaside heliotrope,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Heliotropium,europaeum,,”common heliotrope, Barooga weed, caterpillar weed, European heliotrope, potato weed, Wanderie curse”,XXX,L,WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Heliotropium,europaeum, ,Common Heliotrope,,,,”Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,9,11”,”Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Heliotropium,europaeum, ,Heliotrope,,,,,South and Central Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Heliotropium,europaeum, ,”common heliotrope, Barooga weed, caterpillar weed, European heliotrope, potato weed, Wanderie curse”,,,,”most prominent in areas of abundant winter rainfall, 300-500mm isohytes, depends on summer rains for development; once estab. acts as an ephemeral plant ripening seed about 6-8wks after germ & producing several generations in the one season; not an aggres”,”native to S & C Eur, W Asia & N Afr”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Heliotropium,europaeum, ,common heliotrope,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Heliotropium,europaeum, ,common heliotrope,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Heliotropium,indicum,,,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Heliotropium,indicum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Heliotropium,indicum,”syn Heliophytum indicum, Tiaridium indicum”,heliotrope,,,,”on sunny, periodically moist, or marshy & desiccating sites; waste places, ditch borders, dried up pools & ditches, on spread mud, along roads; often very common; in Java from 0-800m alt. esp. above 400m; flowering season extended, the first-formed seeds “,”Asia, throughout Indonesia, except Irian Jaya & the Moluccas”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Heliotropium,indicum, ,Indian heliotrope,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Heliotropium,sudanicum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Heliotropium,sudanicum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Heliotropium,supinum,,Creeping Heliotrope,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Heliotropium,supinum, ,Creeping Heliotrope,,,,”Dispersal: Water. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,9”,”Med, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Heliotropium,supinum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Heliotropium ,lasiocarpum,syn H. europaeum var. tenuiflorum; H. ellipticum var. lasiocarpum ,,,,,”Fields, roadsides, especially in sandy and loamy soils.”,”E Medit, SW and C Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Heliotropium ,supinum,syn ,,,,,Nile and canal banks,”Medit, C Eur, W Asia extending eastward to India, N & E Afr.”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Lappula,echinata, ,European sticktight,,,,seeds dormant at harvest; soaking seeds for 24hrs in 500/1000 ppm soln of the K salts of GA & germ seed on soln moistened filter paper at 21C in dark inc. germ of fresh & 6mth stored seed,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lappula,echinata, ,European sticktight,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lappula,occidentalis, ,western sticktight,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lappula,squarrosa, ,,,,,L. echinata,”Mainland Europe, Scandinavia (less in North)”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lithospermum,arvense, ,Corn gromwell,,,,18% germ with alt. temps of 20-30C in dark & 16% in light; best germ with alt. temps of 10-18C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lithospermum,arvense, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lithospermum,arvense, ,corn gromwell,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lithospermum,officinale,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lithospermum,officinale, ,gromwell,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lithospermum,ruderale, ,Western gormwell,,,,”36% germ of seed prechilled on moist blotters at 3C for 4wks, with constant 20C in dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lithospermum,ruderale, ,western gromwell,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lycopsis,arvensis, ,small bugloss,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Mertensia,fusiformis, ,,,,,”5% germ of cold stratified seed at 8C for 11mths, at 18C in dark; germ not improved after 18mths cold stratification or by special treatments including nicking seed coat, embryo excision or sulfuric acid treatment”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Mertensia,maritima, ,,,,,60-100% germ of cold stratified (2C for 33days) seed on moist filter paper in petri dishes in daylight at room temps fluctuating about a mean of 17C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Myosotis,alpestris, ,,,,,50% germ of seed sown in autumn & spring in warm glasshouse in3wks after sowing,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Myosotis,arvensis,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Myosotis,arvensis, ,,,,,100& germ immediately or soon after harvest; seed placed in warm germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; germ favoured by light & alt. temp of 10-30C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Myosotis,arvensis, ,Field forget me not,,,,M. intermedia,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Myosotis,caespitosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Myosotis,discolor,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Myosotis,discolor, ,Changing forget me not,,,,”M. versicolor, M. collina”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Myosotis,discolor, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Myosotis,laxa,,Water Forget-me-not,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Myosotis,laxa, ,Water Forget-me-not,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,Water. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,9,14”,”Introduced deliberately from: Euras,N Af, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Myosotis,laxa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Myosotis,ramosissima, ,Early forget me not,,,,”M. hispida, M. collina, M. gracillima”,,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Myosotis,ramosissima, ,Early forget me not,,,,”M. hispida, M. collina, M. gracillima”,,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Myosotis,scorpioides,,common forget-me-not,Can dominate forest understories.,,Noxious Invasive Vegetation of the Willamette Valley: Native Plant Society of Oregon. weed Myosotis,scorpioides,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Myosotis,stricta, ,,,,,”only 4% germ at 15C with alt. light/dark; no germ at 20C in dark, 20-30C in dark or 20-30C with alt. light/dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Myosotis,stricta, ,Upright forget me not,,,,M. micrantha,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Myosotis,stricta, ,Upright forget me not,,,,M. micrantha,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Myosotis,sylvatica,,wood forget-me-not,HXs,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Myosotis,sylvatica, ,Wood Forget-me-not,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,?Water. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,7,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur,N As and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Myosotis,sylvatica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Neatostema,apulum,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Neatostema,apulum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Nonea,lutea,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Nonea,pulla, ,,,,,N. rossica,”Eastern Europe, less France, Finland”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Nonea,pulla, ,,,,,N. rossica,”Eastern Europe, less France, Finland”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Nonea,vesicaria, ,,,,,,SW Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Nonea,vesicaria, ,,,,,,SW Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Pentaglottis,sempervirens,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Plagiobothrys,canescens,,Valley popcorn flower,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Symphytum,asperum, ,Rough Comfrey ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Symphytum,asperum, ,prickly comfrey,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Symphytum,bulbosum, ,,,,,S. zeyheri,”S East Europe, inc Italy”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Symphytum,bulbosum, ,,,,,S. zeyheri,”S East Europe, inc Italy”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Symphytum,officinale,,”common comfrey, blackwort”,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Symphytum,officinale, ,Common comfrey,,,,”seeds capable of germ in water, even though species is not considered aquatic”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Symphytum,officinale, ,Comfrey,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Symphytum,officinale, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Symphytum,officinale, ,common comfrey,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Symphytum,X uplandicum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tournefortia (=Messerschmidia),argentea, ,tree heliotrope,,,,”, coconut, pandanus”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tokelau; Tuvalu; Wallis & Futuna,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Trachystemon,orientalis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Trachystemon,orientalis, ,,,,,Region of origin - E Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Trichodesma,zeylanicum, ,,,,,”only 2% germ of seed treated with conc. sulfuric acid for 30min, held on wet filter paper & alt. daily from 32C:9hrs to 4C:5hrs for 15days, before planting in 5-10mm of soil; 1yr old seed no germ under any conditions tried”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Trigonotis,peduncularis, ,,,,,biennial dominant weed barley & wheat crops , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Brassicaceae Alliaria,officinalis, ,garlic mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Alliaria,petiolaris,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alliaria,petiolaris, ,,,,,Region of origin - Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Alliaria,petiolata,,"Common Name(s): Garlic mustard, Hedge garlic","Avail nurseries, Weed Highly Invasive , Additional Comments : Out competes native species, introduced 1879 ""Biennial, 1 m high, flowering stalk with terminal cluster of white flowers, ""","Europe. Habitat: Roadsides, open woods, near habitations"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Alliaria,petiolata,,,Mountain and Valleys Coastal & Peidmont in Virginia,,"Alien Invasive plants in Virginia: Virginia Native Plant Society, Weed" Alliaria,petiolata, ,garlic mustard,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Alliaria,petiolata,,garlic mustard,,,,RANK 1. “SEVERE THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation; includes species which are or could become widespread in Tennessee.,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Alyssum,alyssoides,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alyssum,alyssoides, ,Samll Alison,,,,”A. calycinum, A. conglobatum”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Alyssum,alyssoides,Cruciferae ,Samll Alison,,,,”A. calycinum, A. conglobatum”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Alyssum,linifolium,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Alyssum,linifolium, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Arabidopsis,thaliana,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Arabidopsis,thaliana, ,Mouse ear cress,,,,”freshly harvested seed induce germ by keeping moist for 2 days at 5C, then germ at alternating temps 10hrs at 22C & 14hrs at 5C for 6-8 days; or on filter paper saturated with 0.0001% soln of GA”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Arabidopsis,thaliana, ,Thale Cress,,,,Sisymbrium thalianum,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Arabidopsis,thaliana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Arabidopsis,thaliana, ,mouseearcress,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arabis,glabra, ,,,,,”fresh seeds require 1-2wks prechilling at 5C, then 20C for 16hrs & 30C for 8hrs (light could be benefical), for 14 days”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Arabis,hirsuta, ,,,,,fresh seed can germ almost immediately at room temp,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Arabis,holboellii, ,,,,,dry stored seed 44% germ at 15C in darkness on filter paper in Petri dishes,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Arabis,stricta, ,,,,,”1 yr old dry stored seed sown in soil gave 60-90% germ at room temp, as did freshly harvested seed, but 4-7mth old seed not as good. “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Armoracia,rusticana, ,Horse Radish,,,,”A. lapathifolia, Cochlearia armorica”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Barbarea,intermedia,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Barbarea,intermedia, ,,,,,,”Western Europe, less in North, UK & Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Barbarea,intermedia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Barbarea,orthoceras, ,,,,,”70% germ with prechilling moist seed at 3C for 2-4wks, then constant darkness with alternating temps of 20-30C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Barbarea,spp., ,field mustard,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Barbarea,verna,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Barbarea,verna, ,Early wintercress,,,,”germ on paper towelling moisten with 0.2% soln of potassium nitrate, then alternating 20-35C in constant darkness”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Barbarea,verna, ,,,,,,”Western Europe, less in North, UK & Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Barbarea,verna, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Barbarea,verna, ,early wintercress,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Barbarea,vulgaris, ,Yellow rocket,,,,”alternating temp 20-30C, in constant light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Barbarea,vulgaris, ,Winter Cress,,,,”B. iberica, B. lyrata”,”All Europe, Asia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Barbarea,vulgaris,Cruciferae ,Winter Cress,,,,”B. iberica, B. lyrata”,”All Europe, Asia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Barbarea,vulgaris, ,yellow rocket,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Berteroa,incana, ,Hoary alyssum,,,,constant temp 20C with seeds in Petri dishes on blotter moistened with 0.2% potassium nitrate soln,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Berteroa,incana, ,Hoary Alison,,,,”B. stricta, A. incanum, Farsetia incarna”,”All Europe except Eire, Spain Portugal & SW France, less in Western Europe & Scandinavia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Berteroa,incana,,Common Name(s): Hoary-alyssum,"Avail nurseries, Usage : Low Level Invasive ""Perennial, 3-7 dm high, white flowers with notched petals, pods with star-shaped hairs, leaves pale green, alternate, simple, lanceolate simple, lanceolate ""","Eurasia. Habitat: Fields, waste places, pastures, meadows"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Berteroa,incana,Cruciferae ,Hoary Alison,,,,”B. stricta, A. incanum, Farsetia incarna”,”All Europe except Eire, Spain Portugal & SW France, less in Western Europe & Scandinavia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Berteroa,incana, ,hoary alyssum,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Biscutella,auriculata, ,,,,,Jondraba auriculata,SW Europe inc Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Biscutella,auriculata,Cruciferae ,,,,,Jondraba auriculata,SW Europe inc Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Biscutella,didyma,var. columnae,,,,,,,Weed Science List Biscutella,didyma, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Biscutella,laevigata, ,,,,,,Central Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Biscutella,laevigata,Cruciferae ,,,,,,Central Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Brassica,barrelieri,B. oxyrrhina,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Brassica,barrelieri, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Brassica,campestris, ,”bird rape, wild turnip”,,,,Brassica campestris is a weed of many crops in both northern and southern temperate regions.,northern temperate zone and also in southwestern and central Asia.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Brassica,campestris, ,Wild turnip,,,,”dormancy about 1mth, germ on blotters moistened with 0.2% soln potassium nitrate & temp alternation 20-30C in constant dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Brassica,campestris, ,Birdsrape Mustard,,,,atrazine 1977 Canada Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Brassica,campestris, ,wild turnip,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Brassica,chinensis,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Brassica,elongata,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Brassica,elongata, ,,,,,,”Eastern Europe, less Central and Italy”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Brassica,elongata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Brassica,fruticulosa,,twiggy turnip,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Brassica,fruticulosa, ,Twiggy Turnip,,,,”Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Biennial/Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,8,12”,”S Eur, N Af, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Brassica,fruticulosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Brassica,hirta, ,white mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Brassica,incana, ,shortpod mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Brassica,juncea,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Brassica,juncea, ,Indian mustard,,,,no special treatment,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Brassica,juncea, ,Indian Mustard,,,,,”Northern Mainland Europe, scattered”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Brassica,juncea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Brassica,juncea, ,Indian mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Brassica,kaber,” var. pinnatifida Brassica arvensis, Brassica sinapistrum, Sinapis arvensis”,Wild mustard,,,,”dormant seed prechilled 5 days at 2-10C, then alternating temps of 15-30C; or treat with conc. sulphuric acid for 2-4min, to break seed coat”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Brassica,kaber,syn var. pinnatifida,”charlock, wild mustard”,,,,”Brassica kaber is reported as a weed of 30 crops in 52 countries and is frequently reported as a serious weed of cereal, sugar beets and maize. It is a serious or principal weed of cereals in Argentina, Australia, England, Germany, Hungary, Jordan, Norway”,”originated in Eurasia, but now prevalent in temperate regions of Eur, N Amer, and the former Soviet Union.”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Brassica,kaber var. pinnatifida, ,wild mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Brassica,napus,,rape,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Brassica,napus, ,Rape,,,,,Cosmopolitan,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Brassica,napus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Brassica,nigra,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Brassica,nigra, ,Black Mustard ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Brassica,nigra, ,Black mustard,,,,”dormancy of 6-9mths after harvest; germ on moistened blotters with 0.2% potassium nitrate soln, temp alternation of 20-30C “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Brassica,nigra, ,Black Mustard,,,,,Cosmopolitan,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Brassica,nigra, ,black mustard,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Brassica,nigra,syn Sinapis nigra,Black nustard,,,,winter weed in fieldsPlant often used as cut green in flower shops. Mustard produced from the seeds. Folk medicine uses plant as a stomach diuretic & stimulant.,”Medit, Eur; also naturalised in many regions of the world”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Brassica,nigra, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Brassica,nigra, ,black mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Brassica,oleracea,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Brassica,oleracea, ,Wild Cabbage,,,,,Numerous horticultural varieties,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Brassica,oleracea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Brassica,rapa,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Brassica,rapa,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Brassica,rapa,,Chinese mustard,X,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Brassica,rapa, ,,,,,”B. campestris, B. asperifolia”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Brassica,rapa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Brassica,rapa, ,birdsrape mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Brassica,tournefortii,,”Mediterranean turnip, wild turnip”,HHHH,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Brassica,tournefortii, ,Moroccan Mustard ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Brassica,tournefortii, ,Mediterranean Turnip,,,,”Dispersal: ?Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,4”,”As , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Brassica,tournefortii, ,Wild turnip,,,,chlorsulfuron 1992 Australia Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Brassica,tournefortii, ,”wild turnip, Asian mustard, Moroccan mustard”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Brassica,tournefortii,syn ,,,,,”sandy and loamy fields, gardens, orchards”,”Medit, W Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Brassica,tournefortii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Brassica,x juncea,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Brassica,x napus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bunias,erucago, ,Crested Bunias,,,,,”Central & Western Europe & UK, less in NE areas”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bunias,erucago,Cruciferae ,Crested Bunias,,,,,”Central & Western Europe & UK, less in NE areas”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bunias,orientalis, ,Warty Cabbage,,,,,”Central & Northern Europe, UK & Scandinavia, less in Western areas, UK & Scandinavia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bunias,orientalis,Cruciferae ,Warty Cabbage,,,,,”Central & Northern Europe, UK & Scandinavia, less in Western areas, UK & Scandinavia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cakile,edentula,,American sea rocket,XXXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cakile,edentula, ,American Sea Rocket,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1”,”N Am, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cakile,edentula, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cakile,maritima,,sea rocket,XXH,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cakile,maritima, ,Sea Rocket,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: “,”Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cakile,maritima, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Calepina,irregularis,”C. corvini, Myagrum irregulare”,white ball mustard,w,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Calepina,irregularis, ,,,,,Region of origin - Eur; Extent of spread - ~1500 ha; Means of spread - contaminant probably,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Calepina,irregularis, ,White Ball Mustard,,,,C. corvini,”Southern Europe, sometimes as far North as UK, Belgium & Holland “,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Camelina,alyssum,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Camelina,alyssum, ,,,,,”C. dentata, C. foetida, C. linicola, C. pinnatifida”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Camelina,alyssum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Camelina,dentata, ,Flatseed false flax,,,,95% of seed planted in field in autumn of year of collection germinated early the next spring,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Camelina,dentata, ,flatseed falseflax,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Camelina,macrocarpa, ,,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Camelina,macrocarpa,Cruciferae ,,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Camelina,microcarpa, ,,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Camelina,microcarpa,Cruciferae ,,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Camelina,microcarpa, ,smallseed falseflax,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Camelina,rumelica, ,,,,,,”Spain, Portugal, Italy & Eastern Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Camelina,rumelica,Cruciferae ,,,,,,”Spain, Portugal, Italy & Eastern Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Camelina,sativa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Camelina,sativa, ,Large seed false flax,,,,”95% seed planted in field in autumn of year of collection, germ early next spring”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Camelina,sativa, ,Gold of Pleasure,,,,”C. glabrata, C. pilosa”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Camelina,sativa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Camelina,sativa, ,largeseed falseflax,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Camelina ,microcarpa, ,Small seed false flax,,,,92% germ at 15C in constant darkness with alternating temps of 20-30C; light inhibits germ; ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Capsella,bursa pastoris, ,,,,, Weed in rich site annual sub-dominance , Upland Korea Upland Japan Hokkaido Okayama ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Capsella,bursa-pastoris,,shepherds purse,XXXXXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Capsella,bursa-pastoris, ,Shepherd's purse,,,,”freshly harvested seed germ poor; 2yr storage germ good on blotters moisten with 0.2% soln of potassium nitrate, alternating temp 20-30C in darkness; rupturing seed coat increases germ to 100%; prechilling 2wks at 5C in KNO3 soln”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Capsella,bursa-pastoris, ,Shepherd's Purse,,,,,Cosmopolitan,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Capsella,bursa-pastoris, ,Shepherd's-purse ,,,,simazine 1984 Poland Orchard , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Capsella,bursa-pastoris,syn Thlaspi bursa-pastoris,Shepherd's purse,,,,”widespread winter weed, in gardens, fields, orchards, lawns, waste ground, roadsides, etc.”“Plant used in folk medicine as an astringent, hemostatic, & vasoconstrictor”““,”cosmopolitan, especially in temp. regions”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Capsella,bursa-pastoris, ,shepherds purse,,,,,,Weed Science List Capsella,bursa-pastoris, ,,,,, ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Capsella,bursa-pastoris, ,shepherdspurse,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Capsella,bursapastoris, ,Shepherds Purse,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,?Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4”,”N Hem, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Capsella,rubella, ,Pink Shepherd's Purse,,,,,”Southern Europe, sometimes further North”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Capsella,rubella,Cruciferae ,Pink Shepherd's Purse,,,,,”Southern Europe, sometimes further North”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cardamine,corymbosa,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cardamine,flexuosa,,common bittercress,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cardamine,flexuosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cardamine,flexuosa, ,,,,, , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cardamine,hirsuta,,common bitter-cress,XXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cardamine,hirsuta, ,Common Bitter-cress,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,?Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,13,14”,”N Hem and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cardamine,hirsuta, ,Hairy Bitter Cress,,,,C. multicaulis,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cardamine,hirsuta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cardamine,hirsuta, ,hairy bittercress,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cardamine,paucijuga, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cardamine,pensylvanica, ,Pennsylvania bittercress,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cardamine,pratensis, ,cuckoo bittercress,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cardaminopsis,arenosa, ,Sand Rock Cress,,,,Arabis arenosa,”All Europe except UK, Eire, Spain & Portugal”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cardaminopsis,arenosa,Cruciferae ,Sand Rock Cress,,,,Arabis arenosa,”All Europe except UK, Eire, Spain & Portugal”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cardaria,alliodora, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cardaria,chalapense, ,Lens-podded White-top ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cardaria,chalepensis, ,Lens-podded Hoarycress ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cardaria,draba,”Cochlearia draba, Lepidium draba, Nasturtium draba”,”hoary cress, white weed, heart-podded hoary cress, hoary cardaria, hoary pepperwort, thanet cress, white top, whitlow pepperwort”,Xw,NL,NSW; Vic; SA; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cardaria,draba, ,Heart-podded Hoarycress ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cardaria,draba, ,”White-top, Hoary Cress “,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cardaria,draba, Lepidium draba,Hoary cress,,,,”temps of 20-35C favourable for germ, exposure to light increased germ %; 0.005% soln GA stimulated germ, by soaking seeds 24hrs in soln or germ on soln moistened filter paper “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cardaria,draba, ,Hoary Cress,,,,Lepidium draba,”All Europe, less in NW areas”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cardaria,draba,” Cochlearia draba, Lepidium draba, Nasturtium draba”,”hoary cress, white weed, heart-podded hoary cress, hoary cardaria, hoary pepperwort, thanet cress, white top, whitlow pepperwort”,,,,”considered one of the worst weeds of arable areas in several parts of the world because of its serious effect on crop yields; it is essentially a weed of dryland crops grown in monoculture; as well as competing with cereal crops, it interfers with harves”,”originated in the area from the E Medit through Asia Minor to S & C Asia; now has spread to all continents & particularly common in many parats of N Amer, occurring as a weed in cereal crops, lucerne & veges; considered most imprt. weed of grain crops in “,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cardaria,draba, ,Hoary cress ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Cardaria,draba, ,”white top, hoary cress”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Cardaria,draba, ,Hoary cress N ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mo”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Cardaria,draba, ,”hoary cress, white weed”,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Cardaria,draba, ,”hoary cress, hoary pepperwort, thanet cress, whiteweed, lepidium, perennial peppergrass, whitetop”,,,,,”temperate regions with sparse distribution in the warm regions of C Amer, N Afr, the Arabian Peninsula, and C India.”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Cardaria,draba, ,hoary cress,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cardaria,draba, ,”hoary cress, white weed”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cardaria,pubescens, ,Globe-podded Hoarycress ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cardaria,pubescens, ,Hairy whitetop,,,,91% germ alternating temp of 20-30C & light/dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cardaria,pubescens, ,Hairy whitetop ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Cardaria,pubescens var. elongata, ,hairy whitetop,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cardaria,spp., ,cardaria,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Carrichtera,annua,,Wards weed,HXXXH,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carrichtera,annua, ,Wards Weed,,,,”Dispersal: ?Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,4”,”Med, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Carrichtera,annua, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cheiranthus,cheiri,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cheiranthus,cheiri, ,,,,,Region of origin - C & S Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Chorispora,tenella,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chorispora,tenella, ,Purple Mustard ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Chorispora,tenella, ,Blue mustard,,,,”28% germ at 20C in darkness, 24% at 15C with alt. light/dark, 12% with temp alt. of 20-30C & alt. light/dark; no germ with 20-30C in dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chorispora,tenella, ,Blue mustard ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Chorispora,tenella, ,blue mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cochlearia,danica, ,,,,,97% germ soon after harvest; seeds placed in germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Conringia,orientalis,,Treacle mustard,,GP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Conringia,orientalis, ,Haresear mustard,,,,germ at 13C constant or alt. temp of 10-25C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Conringia,orientalis, ,Hare's Ear Cabbage,,,,,”All Europe except Eire & Norway, less in Western & Northern regions”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Conringia,orientalis, ,Treacle mustard,,,,,,Weed Science List Conringia,orientalis, ,haresear mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Conringia,orientalis, ,Treacle mustard,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Coronopus,didymus,,,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Coronopus,didymus, ,Lesser Swine Cress,,,,Senebiera didyma,”Central & Western Europe, UK & Eire, scattered”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Coronopus,didymus,syn Lepidium didymum; Senebiera didyma,,,,,”fields, lawns, gardens, roadsides”,probably S Amer; naturalised in many temp. & trop. regions of the world,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Coronopus,didymus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Coronopus,didymus, ,”bittercress, carrot weed, hog's cress, land cress, lesser swinecress, twin cress”,,,,”Coronopus didymus is a foul-smelling plant with creeping shoots radiating from the crown of a tap root to form a round mat. It is a spoiler of milk and is now present in many dairying countries. It imparts a strong, tainted off flavour which is intensifie”,on all continents and tends to be concentrated in the temperate zone and subtropics.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Coronopus,didymus, ,swinecress,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Coronopus,integrifolius,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Coronopus,integrifolius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Coronopus,niloticus,syn ,,,,,”confined to the silty Nile and canal banks. Since construction of Aswan High Dam, natural habitat been destroyed & species has become increasingly less common”,E Afr,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Coronopus,procumbens, ,creeping watercress,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Coronopus,squamatus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Coronopus,squamatus, ,Swinecress ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Coronopus,squamatus, ,Swine Cress,,,,”C. procumbens, C. ruelli, Senebiera coronopus”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Coronopus,squamatus,syn Lepidium squamatum; Senebiera coronopus,Water cress,,,,”moist ground, along canalsLeaves are eaten as green salad & roots are cooked & eaten”,”Medit, W & C Eur, W Asia; introduced into Aust, N & S Amer”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Coronopus,squamatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crambe,abyssinica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Descurainia,longipedicellata, ,slimstem tansymustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Descurainia,pinnata, ,Tansy mustard,,,,”80% germ in dark at 15C, or alt. 20-30C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Descurainia,pinnata, ,tansymustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Descurainia,richardsoni, ,Richardson tansymustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Descurainia,sophia,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Descurainia,sophia, Sophia multifida,Flix weed,,,,”seeds germ better shortly after harvest than stored for 1yr; germ with alt. temps of 23C inlight & 30C in dark, seed switched to these temps every 2nd day”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Descurainia,sophia, ,Flixweed,,,,Sisymbrium sophia,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Descurainia,sophia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Descurainia,sophia, ,flixweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Descurainia,sophia, ,”Flixweed, Tansy Mustard “,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Descurainia,sophia, ,Flixweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Descurainia,var. brachycarpa, ,green tansymustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Diplotaxis,catholica, ,,,,,,Iberian Peninsula,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Diplotaxis,catholica,Cruciferae ,,,,,,Iberian Peninsula,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Diplotaxis,erucoides, ,White Rocket,,,,D. valentina,”SE Europe, inc Italy”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Diplotaxis,erucoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Diplotaxis,erucoides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Diplotaxis,muralis,, sand rocket, Weed Status Uncertain - current information is inadequate to assess risk. Further analysis may be warranted.,,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Diplotaxis,muralis,,”stinking wallrocket, stinking wallrocket, stinkweed, wallmustard, sandrocket”,XX,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Diplotaxis,muralis, ,Annual Wall Rocket,,,,,”Central & Southern Europe, less in Northern areas”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Diplotaxis,muralis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Diplotaxis,muralis, ,stinking wallrocket,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Diplotaxis,tenuifolia,”Brassica tenuifolia, Sisymbrium tenuifolia”,”sand rocket, sand mustard, Lincoln weed, large sandrocket, perennial rocket, perennial wall rocket, slimleaf wall rocket, wall rocket”,XX,GLP,SA; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Diplotaxis,tenuifolia, ,Wall Rocket,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,8,12”,”WS&C Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Diplotaxis,tenuifolia, ,Perennial Wall Rocket,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Diplotaxis,tenuifolia,” Brassica tenuifolia, Sisymbrium tenuifolia”,”sand rocket, sand mustard, Lincoln weed, large sandrocket, perennial rocket, perennial wall rocket, slimleaf wall rocket, wall rocket”,,,,”introd to Aust between 1890-1900, possibly in ship's ballast; well estab. in the Bacchus Marsh, Geelong & Warrnambool areas in Vic, occurring mainly on roadsides, along railway easements & occasionally in pastures; common on the Eyre & York Peninsula, the”,”native of S & C Eur & Asia Minor; spread to many temp parts of the world & considered to be a weed of some imprt. throughout Eur inc. the British Isles, W USA, Arg, NZ & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Diplotaxis,tenuifolia, ,Lincoln weed * ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Diplotaxis,tenuifolia, ,”sand rocket, sand mustard, Lincoln weed”,,,,,,Weed Science List Diplotaxis,tenuifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Diplotaxis,tenuifolia, ,slimleaf wallrocket,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Diplotaxis,tenuifolia, ,”sand rocket, sand mustard, Lincoln weed”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Diplotaxis,viminea, ,,,,,,”Central & Southern Europe, less in Northern areas”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Diplotaxis,viminea,Cruciferae ,,,,,,”Central & Southern Europe, less in Northern areas”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Diplotaxis,virgata, ,,,,,,Iberian Peninsula,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Diplotaxis,virgata,Cruciferae ,,,,,,Iberian Peninsula,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Draba,muralis, ,,,,,95% germ after 2mths dry storage at temps of 15-25C in light,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Draba,nemorosa,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Draba,nemorosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Draba,verna, ,whitlowwort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Enarthrocarpus,lyratus,syn Raphanus lyratus,,,,,”edges of cultivations, waste ground”,”E Medit, Arabia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Erophila,verna,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erophila,verna,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erophila,verna, ,Whitlow Grass,,,,”E. vulgaris, Draba verna”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Erophila,verna, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eruca,sativa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eruca,sativa, ,garden rocket,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eruca,vesicalia, ,ssp. salvia Garden rocket ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Eruca,vesicaria,E. sativa,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eruca,vesicaria, ,,,,,E. sativa,”All Europe except Eire, Sweden & Finland, Less in Central North and UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Eruca,vesicaria,Cruciferae ,,,,,E. sativa,”All Europe except Eire, Sweden & Finland, Less in Central North and UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Erucaria,aleppica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Erucaria,aleppica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Erucaria,hispanica, ,,,,,”E. myagroides, E. tenuifolia, E. aleppica”,”Greece, less in Italy, Spain & Portugal”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Erucaria,hispanica,Cruciferae ,,,,,”E. myagroides, E. tenuifolia, E. aleppica”,”Greece, less in Italy, Spain & Portugal”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Erucastrum,gallicum, ,Dog mustard,,,,seeds planted in field in autumn of year collected germ in following spring,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Erucastrum,gallicum, ,Hairy Rocket,,,,,”Central & Western Europe, UK, Sweden & Norway, less in North & East”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Erucastrum,gallicum,Cruciferae ,Hairy Rocket,,,,,”Central & Western Europe, UK, Sweden & Norway, less in North & East”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Erucastrum,gallicum, ,dog mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Erucastrum,nasturtiifolium, ,,,,,,”Central & Southern Europe & UK, less in North & UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Erucastrum,nasturtiifolium,Cruciferae ,,,,,,”Central & Southern Europe & UK, less in North & UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Erysimum,asperum, ,Western wallflower,,,,40% germ of 5yr old seed on moist sand in dark at 68 -70F,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Erysimum,asperum, ,western wallflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Erysimum,capitatum, ,,,,,62% germ alt. temp 20-30C & alt. light/dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Erysimum,cheiranthoides,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erysimum,cheiranthoides, ,Wormseed mustard,,,,47% germ with constant temp of 35C; moistening substratum with 0.2% KNO3 inc. germ; needs low light & brief exposure enough,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Erysimum,cheiranthoides, ,Treacle Mustard,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Erysimum,cheiranthoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Erysimum,cheiranthoides, ,wormseed mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Erysimum,cheiranthoides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Erysimum,repandrum, ,,,,,E. patens,Central East and Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Erysimum,repandum,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erysimum,repandum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euclidium,syriacum,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euclidium,syriacum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eugena,(=Syzygium), ,jambos,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Farsetia,stenoptera, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Farsetia,stenoptera, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Heliophila,pusilla,,heliophila,H,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Heliophila,pusilla, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hesperis,matronalis, ,Dames violet,,,,”prechilling with0.2% KNO3 soln for 1-2wks, then germ on soln moistened filter paper in petri dishes with alt. temps (20C:16hrs, 30C:8hr)”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Hesperis,matronalis, ,Dame's Violet,,,,,”All Europe except Eire, less in Northern Half”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Hesperis,matronalis,Cruciferae ,Dame's Violet,,,,,”All Europe except Eire, less in Northern Half”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Hesperis,matronalis, ,Dame's rocket,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Hesperis,matronalis, ,damesviolet,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hesperis,matronalis,,"Common Name(s): Dame's rocket, Dame's violet","Avail nurseries, Ornamental Low Level Invasive , Additional Comments : Frequently added to wildflower mixes ""Perennial, 40-90 cm high, flowers violet or white, stem hairy, leaves simple, oblong, ovate, hairy ""","Eurasia. Habitat: Roadsides, thickets, open woods"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Hesperis,matronalis,,dame's rocket,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Hirschfeldia,incana,”Brassica adpressa, Brassica geniculata, Brassica incana, Hirschfeldia adpressa”,”Buchan weed, hairy brassica, hairy mustard, hoary mustard, shortpod mustard”,,LP,SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hirschfeldia,incana, ,Mediterranean Mustard ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Hirschfeldia,incana, ,Hoary Mustard,,,,”Sinapis incana, Brassica adpressa, H. adpressa”,”Central & Southern Europe & UK, less in North & UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Hirschfeldia,incana,” Brassica adpressa, Brassica geniculata, Brassica incana, Hirschfeldia adpressa”,”Buchan weed, hairy brassica, hairy mustard, hoary mustard, shortpod mustard”,,,,”nat. at Bathurst in 1903; since spread throughout the Tablelands,Western Slopes & Plains & along the C & S Coasts; in Vic it occurs mainly in the eastern districts, the NE, Gippsland & central regions; in SA it is common in the SE extending northwards to “,”native of Medit region & the Channel Is.; introd to N Amer, particularly Califorina & Mexico, S Afr, NZ & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Hirschfeldia,incana, ,Buchan weed * ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”, Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies),”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Hirschfeldia,incana, ,Buchan weed,,,,,,Weed Science List Hirschfeldia,incana, ,hairy mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hirschfeldia,incana, ,Buchan weed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hornungia,petraea, ,”Hutchinsia, rock hutchinsia”,,,,100% germ of 2-3mth dry stored seed at 15-20C in light in 10days,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Hymenolobus,procumbens,Hutchinsia procumbens,oval purse,H,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hymenolobus,procumbens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Iberis,amara, ,Wild Candytuft,,,,I. pinetorum,”Western Europe & UK, less in Eastern Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Iberis,amara,Cruciferae ,Wild Candytuft,,,,I. pinetorum,”Western Europe & UK, less in Eastern Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Iberis,crenata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Iberis,crenata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Iberis,pinnata, ,,,,,,”Southern Europe, sometimes further North”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Iberis,pinnata,Cruciferae ,,,,,,”Southern Europe, sometimes further North”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Iberis,semperflorens, ,,,,,,”Often found in rockeries, cultivated.”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Iberis,semperflorens,Cruciferae ,,,,,,”Often found in rockeries, cultivated.”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Iberis,sempervivens, ,,,,,,”Often found in rockeries, cultivated.”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Iberis,sempervivens,Cruciferae ,,,,,,”Often found in rockeries, cultivated.”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Iondraba,auriculata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Iondraba,auriculata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Isatis,tinctoria, ,Dyer's Woad ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Isatis,tinctoria, ,Dyers Woad ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Isatis,tinctoria, ,Woad,,,,”I. canescens, I. litoralis, I. taurica”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Isatis,tinctoria, ,Dyer's woad ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Isatis,tinctoria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Isatis,tinctoria, ,dyers woad,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Isatis,tinctoria, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lepidium,africanum,,common pepper-cress,XX,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lepidium,africanum, ,Common Pepper-cress,,,,”Dispersal: animal external. Life Form: Annual/Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5,8,9,12”,”S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Lepidium,africanum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lepidium,bipinnatifidum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lepidium,bipinnatifidum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lepidium,bonariense,,Argentine pepperweed,XXX,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lepidium,bonariense, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lepidium,campestre,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lepidium,campestre, ,Field pepperweed,,,,”fresh seed dormant; 11 wk dry storage, then germ on filter paper moistened with 0.2% soln of KNO3, at constant temp of 15C or alt. temp of 15-30C with light exposure”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lepidium,campestre, ,Field Pepperwort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lepidium,campestre, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lepidium,campestre, ,field pepperweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lepidium,chalepense, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lepidium,chalepense, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lepidium,densiflorum, Lepidium apetalum,Greenflower pepperweed,,,,seed stored at 4C for 4mths after harvest germ 50% at 15C in dark; dry storage at 14C maintains viability throughout winter & spring,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lepidium,densiflorum, ,,,,,,”Scattered throughout Europe, except Eire, SW & SE Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lepidium,densiflorum,Cruciferae ,,,,,,”Scattered throughout Europe, except Eire, SW & SE Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lepidium,densiflorum, ,greenflower pepperweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lepidium,graminifolium, ,,,,,,”All Europe, except Eire, Scandinavia & NW Europe, less in UK, Denmark, Holland & Belgium”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lepidium,graminifolium,Cruciferae ,,,,,,”All Europe, except Eire, Scandinavia & NW Europe, less in UK, Denmark, Holland & Belgium”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lepidium,heterophyllum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lepidium,heterophyllum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lepidium,lasiocarpum, ,,,,,fresh seed germ with alt. temp 10C:16hrs to 30C:8hrs; dry stored seed germ at 25C constant,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lepidium,latifolium,,,,GP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lepidium,latifolium, ,Perennial Peppercress ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Lepidium,latifolium, ,Perennial Pepperweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Lepidium,latifolium, ,Perennial pepperweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Lepidium,latifolium, ,perennial pepperweed,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Lepidium,latifolium,, perennial pepperweed," Possible Weed of Grassland, Forest and Wetlands: High Weed Potential in Agriculture, Riparian and Disturbed areas",,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Lepidium,latifolium,,pepperweed perennial ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are nonnative species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Lepidium,latifolium, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lepidium,latifolium, ,perennial pepperweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lepidium,latifolium, ,,,P,,”Nevada's waterways are being destroyed by tall whitetop, aka perennial pepperweed. We think TWT came over from Europe in the 1930's. It has a wide range across the US, but it has invaded Northern Nevada at a rate that is similar to that of California'“,” Substantial comments on this spp. from Dr. Sue Donaldson below email to sdonalds@fs.scs.unr.edu Nevada Cooperative ExtensionPO Box 11130Reno, NV 89520 “,Western Australian Prohibited List Lepidium,neglectum, ,,,,,,Scattered throughout Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lepidium,neglectum,Cruciferae ,,,,,,Scattered throughout Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lepidium,nitidum, ,tongue pepperweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lepidium,perfoliatum,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lepidium,perfoliatum, ,Yellowflower pepperweed,,,,”92% germ of seed at 15C in dark, 90% at 20C in dark, 52% at 20-30C in dark & 52% at 20-30C with alt. exposure to light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lepidium,perfoliatum, ,,,,,,”All Europe except Finland & Eire, less in W half & Scandinavia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lepidium,perfoliatum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lepidium,perfoliatum, ,yellowflower pepperweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lepidium,pubescens,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lepidium,pubescens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lepidium,repens, ,lens pepperweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lepidium,ruderale, ,,,,,”germ stimulated by diurnal alt. in temps, at constant temp, germ at 21C; seeds begin to germ at once or soon after harvest, placed in unheated germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 100% germ “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lepidium,ruderale, ,Narrow Leaved Pepperwort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lepidium,ruderale,Cruciferae ,Narrow Leaved Pepperwort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lepidium,sativum,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lepidium,sativum, ,Garden Cress,,,,,”All Europe, scattered”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lepidium,sativum,syn ,Garden cress,,,,”fields, roadsides; naturalised”“Seedlings eatenas green salad, & plant is grazed by animals. Folk medicine uses seeds as an active expectorant & pulmonary stimulant & also as a tonic & aphrodisiac”““,E Medit to India; cultivated & naturalised in many temp. regions of the world,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Lepidium,sativum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lepidium,schinzii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lepidium,schinzii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lepidium,virginicum,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lepidium,virginicum, ,Virginia pepperweed,,,,germ on blotters moistened with 0.2% soln of KNO3 at alt. temp of 20-30C in light,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lepidium,virginicum, ,,,,,,”All Europe, scattered”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lepidium,virginicum, ,Virginia Pepperweed,,,,paraquat 1993 Canada Peach , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Lepidium,virginicum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lepidium,virginicum, ,Virginia pepperweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lesquerella,gordoni, ,Gordon bladderpod,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lesquerella,gordonii, ,Gordon bladderpod,,,,8% germ only under various conditions & various periods of dry storage; seed coat may prevent germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lobularia,maritima,,sweet alyssum,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lobularia,maritima, ,Sweet Alison,,,,,”Central & Western Europe, UK & Norway, less in Northern half”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lobularia,maritima, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lunaria,annua,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lunaria,annua, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lunaria,annua,,"Common Name(s): Silver dollar, Honesty","Avail nurseries, Ornamental Potential Invasive ""Biennial, 30-100 cm high, flowers 3 cm, reddishpurple, scentless, stiff hairy stems, leaves cordate, coarsely toothed, many fruits, oblong to circular coarsely toothed, many fruits, oblong to circular",Europe. Habitat: Moist shady woods," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Malcolmia,africana,, malcolm stock, Possible Weed of Agriculture and Grassland: High Weed Potential in Disturbed areas,,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Malcolmia,africana,,,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Malcolmia,africana, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Eur; Extent of spread - 1 ha; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Malcolmia,africana, ,,,,,,”SW & SE Europe, inc Italy”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Malcolmia,africana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Malcolmia,africana, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Matthiola,incana,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Matthiola,incana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Matthiola,longipetala,,nightstock,,L,SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Matthiola,longipetala, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Moricandia,arvensis, ,,,,,,”Spain, Portugal, Italy & Greece”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Moricandia,arvensis,Cruciferae ,,,,,,”Spain, Portugal, Italy & Greece”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Myagrum,perfoliatum,,”musk weed, mitre-cress”,,GLP,Vic; SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Myagrum,perfoliatum, ,”musk weed, mitre-cress”,,,,”in early days of estab. musk weed was so competitive with cereal crops of the Vic, Wimmera region that by 1930s a Musk Weed Area was declared north of Horsham from which movement of wheat was Controled to prevent further spread; in addition to its compet”,”native of Eur & W Asia, is regarded a weed only in Aust, Italy, Lebanon, Turkey & parts of USA-Oregon & Texas”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Myagrum,perfoliatum, ,,,,,,”All Europe, except Eire & NW mainland Europe, less in Central and Northern areas”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Myagrum,perfoliatum, ,musk weed,,,,,,Weed Science List Myagrum,perfoliatum, ,musk weed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Nasturtium,aquaticum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Nasturtium,indicum, ,,,,, , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Nasturtium,microphyllum, ,,,,,92-100% germ of seed when sown on moist filter paper 3-4wks after harvest in light,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Nasturtium,officinale, Nasturtium aquaticum,Water cress,,,,vegetative reproduction by creeping stems; seeds germ 67% within 7days sown immediately after harvest on moist filter paper at room temp;seeds remain viable for 5yrs when dry stored in lab,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Nasturtium,officinale, ,watercress,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Nasturtium,officinale,,watercress,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Nasturtium,palustre, ,,,,, , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Neslia,paniculata, ,Ball mustard,,,,”no germ of freshly harvested seeds; 8% after 6mths dry storage at 3C, then 21C in dark on moist filter paper; 67% germ after 1yr at 2-5C in dark on moist filter paper; GA treatments failed to inc. germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Neslia,paniculata, ,Ball Mustard,,,,Vogelia paniculata,”All Europe except Eire, less in NW Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Neslia,paniculata, ,Ball mustard,,,,,,Weed Science List Neslia,paniculata, ,ball mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Neslia,paniculata, ,Ball mustard,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Neslia,paniculuta,,Ball mustard,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pachyphragma,macrophyllum, ,,,,,”no germ on filter paper in petri dishes at 20-25C in dark with/without GA treatment, rarely naturalised as a garden escape “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Pilosella,aurantiaca, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Raphanus,maritimus,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Raphanus,maritimus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Raphanus,raphanistrum, ,wild radish,,,,,,Weed Science List Raphanus,raphanistrum,,wild radish,XX,NL,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Raphanus,raphanistrum, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Raphanus,raphanistrum, ,Wild radish,,,,germ on blotters moistened with 0.2% soln KNO3 at alt. temp of 20C:16hrs to 30C:8hrs; prechilling on 0.2% KNO3 moistened blotters at 2-5C for 1-2wks inc. germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Raphanus,raphanistrum, ,”wild radish, jointed charlock, runch, charlock”,,,,”Raphanus raphanistrum, widely known as wild radish, is a close relative of the common vegetable radish, Raphanus sativus. The weed does not have the thickened root of the garden radish, and may behave as an annual, winter annual ro bieannial. It is a weed”,,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Raphanus,raphanistrum, ,”wild radish, jointed charlock, runch, white charlock, wild charlock, wild kale, wild turnip”,,,,”serious competitor for space, water & nutrients, reducing crop & pasture yield & contaminating harvested grain & pasture seed; it taints meat & dairy products & sometimes results in stock poisoning; prolific seeder, ripening up to 17 000 seed/sq. m, even “,”native of Medit region, spread northwards through Eur in the pre-Christian era as a companion sp. in the cultivation of cereal rye & was introd to the British Isles during the Roman occupation; introd to most of the temp world & now is a common of cultiva”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Raphanus,raphanistrum, ,Wild Radish,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Raphanus,raphanistrum, ,Wild Radish,,,,ssp. microcarpa,Iberian Peninsula,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Raphanus,raphanistrum, ,wild radish,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Raphanus,raphanistrum , ,Wild Radish,,,,ssp. landra,Medit Region,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Raphanus,sativus,,”jointed charlock, runch, white charlock, wild charlock, wild kale, wild turnip”,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Raphanus,sativus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rapistrum,rugosum,Myagrum rugosum,”turnip weed, wild turnip”,,NL,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Rapistrum,rugosum, Myagrum rugosum,”turnip weed, wild turnip”,,,,principally a weed of winter cereals & over grazed winter pastures in Aust; taints dairy products & meat & can reduce crop yield significantly; readily Controled by regular cultivation before seeding or chemically before flowering commences,present in all States ex NT,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Rapistrum,rugosum, ,Barstard Cabbage,,,,”R. orientale, R. hispanicum”,”Mainland Europe & UK, less in Northern half”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Rapistrum,rugosum, ,”Rapistrum, turnip weed”,,,,,,Weed Science List Rhynchosinapis,cheiranthos, ,Wall Flower Cabbage,,,,”Brassicella erucastrum, B. cheiranthos, R. erucastrum”,”Central & Western Europe, Eire & UK, less in NE, Eire & UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Rhynchosinapis,cheiranthos,Cruciferae ,Wall Flower Cabbage,,,,”Brassicella erucastrum, B. cheiranthos, R. erucastrum”,”Central & Western Europe, Eire & UK, less in NE, Eire & UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Rorippa,amphibia(islandica),,"Common Name(s): Marsh cress, Yellow water cress"," Wetland Potential Invasive ""Perennial, 1 m high, small golden yellow flowers, branched stem, variable leaf shape ""","Eurasia. Habitat: Wetlands, poorly drained fields, meadows and pastures"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Rorippa,amphibia, Nasturtium amphibium,,,,,seeds germ in 1st & 2nd spring after harvest; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; total germ 98%,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Rorippa,austriaca, ,Austrian Fieldcress ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Rorippa,austriaca, ,Australian fieldcress ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Rorippa,austriaca, ,Austrian field cress,,,,,,Weed Science List Rorippa,austriaca, ,Austrian fieldcress,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rorippa,austriaca, ,Austrian field cress,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Rorippa,indica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rorippa,indica,”syn Rorippa atrovirens, Rorippa sinapsis, Nasturtium indicum”,,,,,”on moist arable land; along water & roadsides; usually scattered; from 0-2000m alt; flowers all year round; rainfed & upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, as the plants are superficially rooted & are thinly scattered, differs from the common Ro”,”Asia, Asia, Afr; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Rorippa,indica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Rorippa,islandica, ,Marsh cress,,,,”30% germ in diffuse light at 20-25C within 8-76days, no germ in dark within 233days”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Rorippa,islandica, ,Marsh Yellow Cress,,,,”Rorippa palustris, Nasturtium palustre, R. terrestris”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Rorippa,islandica,Cruciferae ,Marsh Yellow Cress,,,,”Rorippa palustris, Nasturtium palustre, R. terrestris”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Rorippa,islandica, ,marshcress,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rorippa,microphylla,,one-row watercress,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Rorippa,nasturtium-aquaticum,,two-row watercress,HXXH,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Rorippa,nasturtium-aquaticum, ,watercress,,,,”Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: rivers, riverbanks, wetlandsCultivated for: food i.e salads and garnishing”,Origin: Europe,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Rorippa,nasturtium-aquaticum, ,watercress,,,,”Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: rivers, riverbanks, wetlandsCultivated for: food i.e salads and garnishing”,Origin: Europe,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Rorippa,nasturtiumaquaticam, ,Two-row Watercress,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,Water. Life Form: Emergent aquatic(Perennial herb). RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,9,10,13,14”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur,N Af,W As and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Rorippa,palustris,,marsh cress,H,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Rorippa,palustris, ,Marsh Cress,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,Water. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,9,10,13,14”,”Eur,N Am, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Rorippa,sylvestris,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Rorippa,sylvestris, ,Creeping Yellow Cress,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Rorippa,sylvestris,Cruciferae ,Creeping Yellow Cress,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Rorippa,sylvestris, ,Yellow fieldcress ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Rorippa,sylvestris, ,yellow fieldcress,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rorripa,microphylla, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rorripa,nasturium-aquaticum, , ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Rorripa,nasturtiumaquaticum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rorripa,palustris, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sibara,virginica, ,sibara,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sinapis,alba,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sinapis,alba, ,White Mustard,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sinapis,alba, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sinapis,allionii,syn Raphanus turgidus,,,,,”cultiveated ground, especially flax fields”,endemic to Egypt,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Sinapis,arvensis,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sinapis,arvensis,syn ,”Charlock, Wild mustard, Corn mustard”,,,,”fields, gardens, roadsides”,”Medit, Eur, Caucasus to C Asia; naturalised in other temp. regions”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Sinapis,arvensis, ,Charlock,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sinapis,arvensis, ,Wild Mustard,,,,chlorsulfuron 1992 Canada Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Sinapis,arvensis, ,Wild Mustard,,,,”dicamba/2,4-D/ 1991 Canada Cropland “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Sinapis,arvensis, ,Wild Mustard,,,,metribuzin 1994 Canada Lentils , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Sinapis,arvensis, ,Charlock,,,,,,Weed Science List Sisymbrium,altissimum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sisymbrium,altissimum, ,Tumble mustard,,,,100% germ at both 20C & 20-30C alt. in dark; prechilling treatments & moistening substratum with 0.2% KNO soln inc. germ in freshly harvested seed,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sisymbrium,altissimum, ,Tall Rocket,,,,”S. pannonicum, S. sinapistrum”,”All Europe except Eire, SW France, Spain & Portugal. Less in Western & Northen areas “,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sisymbrium,altissimum, ,Tumble mustard ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Sisymbrium,altissimum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sisymbrium,altissimum, ,tumble mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sisymbrium,erysimoides,,smooth mustard,XHX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sisymbrium,erysimoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sisymbrium,irio,,London rocket,XXXHX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sisymbrium,irio,syn ,London rocket,,,,”fields, gardens, orchards, irrigation canals, roadsides, waste ground”,”Medit, Eur, W Asia to Afghanistan; introduced into trop. Afr, A Amer & Aust”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Sisymbrium,irio, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sisymbrium,irio, ,London rocket,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sisymbrium,loeselii, ,Tall hedge mustard,,,,seeds germ soon after harvest & continued for several mths; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted-total germ100%,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sisymbrium,loeselii, ,tall hedge mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sisymbrium,officinale,,hedge mustard,XXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sisymbrium,officinale, ,Hedge mustard,,,,”2mth old seed germ best at alt. temp 15-30C with exposure to light, germ on blotters moistened with 0.2% KNO3 soln, fresh & old seed prechilling; dormancy upto 28wks, 75% germ at 15C in dark, 20C in dark, 20-30C in dark & alt. exp. to light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sisymbrium,officinale, ,Hedge Mustard,,,,,”All Europe, Asia, NW Africa”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sisymbrium,officinale, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sisymbrium,officinale, ,hedge mustard,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sisymbrium,orientale,,Indian hedge mustard,XXXH,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sisymbrium,orientale, ,Eastern Rocket,,,,S. columnae,”All Europe, less in Northern Half”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sisymbrium,orientale, ,Indian Hedge Mustard ,,,,triasulfuron 1990 Australia Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Sisymbrium,orientale, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sisymbrium,polyceratium, ,,,,,,SW Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sisymbrium,polyceratium,Cruciferae ,,,,,,SW Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sisymbrium,runcinatum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sisymbrium,runcinatum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sisymbrium,thellungii,,African turnip weed,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sisymbrium,thellungii, ,African turnip weed,,,,,,Weed Science List Sisymbrium,thellungii, ,African turnip weed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Stanleya,pinnata, ,desert princesplume,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Streptanthus,arizonicus, ,,,,,”seeds planted in greenhouse after 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, & 26 of air dry storage germwas respectively 0, 2, 3, 37, 47, 0, 33, & 51%, no apparent reason for germ failure after 12mths”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Subularia,aquatica, ,,,,,”no vegetative means of propagation, but seed germ is readily brought about”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Succowia,balaerica,,,HS,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Succowia,balaerica, ,,,,,Region of origin - Medit; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - botancical gardens,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Teesdalia,nudicaulis, ,,,,,”13 wk old seed 60-80% germ on filter paper in petri dishes in dark at 10-15C; at 5C or 6-15C alt. germ above 60%, but in 14days; seed placed in germinator, exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 65%”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Teesdalia,nudicaulis,,”shepherd's cress, barestem teesdalia”,H,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Teesdalia,nudicaulis, ,,,,,Region of origin - Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Teesdalia,nudicaulis, ,Shepherd's Cress,,,,,”Central & W Europe, UK, Eire, Sweden & Norway”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Teesdalia,nudicaulis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Thlaspi,alliaceum, ,,,,,,Central and SW Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Thlaspi,alliaceum,Cruciferae ,,,,,,Central and SW Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Thlaspi,arvense,,pennycress,X,NL,WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Thlaspi,arvense, ,Field pennycress,,,,”94% on blotters moistened with 0.2% KNO3 & 96% on soil at alt. 20-30C in light; scarification to break seed coat & GA inc. germ; 97, 74, 11, & 6% germ after 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5yrs storage”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Thlaspi,arvense, ,”bastardcress, fanweed, field pennycress, stinkweed”,,,,”Thlaspi arvense is a very old companion of humankind's food-gathering efforts, having been found at sites of human habitation reaching back to the time of the Stone Age more than one million years ago. It is a very strong competitor because of its prolifi”,temperate regions of the world,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Thlaspi,arvense, ,Field Penny Cress,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Thlaspi,arvense, ,Penny cress,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Thlaspi,arvense, ,field pennycress,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Thlaspi,arvense, ,Penny cress,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Thlaspi,perfoliatum, ,Perfoliate Penny Cress,,,,,”Mainland Europe, S Sweden & UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Thlaspi,perfoliatum,Cruciferae ,Perfoliate Penny Cress,,,,,”Mainland Europe, S Sweden & UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Thlaspi,perfoliatum, ,thoroughwort pennycress,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Turritis,glabra,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Turritis,glabra, ,,,,,seeds germ soon after harvest & continue for several mths; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 99%,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Turritis,glabra, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bromeliaceae Ananas,comosus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ananas,microstachys, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ananas,microstachys, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Puya,alpestris,syn Pitcairnia coerulea,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Puya,chilensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Puya,coerulea,” Pitcairnia coerulea, Puya alpestris”,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Puya,venusta, Pitcairnia venusta,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Buddlejaceae Buddleja,asiatica,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Buddleja,asiatica, ,,,,,Region of origin - E Indies; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Buddleja,australis,,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Buddleja,davidii, ,Butterfly bush ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - regional (highly to moderately invasive but still with a potential to spread),,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Buddleja,davidii,,”butterfly bush, summer lilac”,HXw,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Buddleja,davidii, ,Butterfly Bush,,,,”Dispersal: ?Water,Wind. Life Form: Large Small to medium shrubhrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 10”,”Introduced deliberately from: Ch and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Buddleja,davidii, ,butterfly bush,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Buddleja,dysophylla,Chilianthus dysophyllus,,,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Buddleja,dysophylla, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Buddleja,lindleyana,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Buddleja,madagascariensis,,smokebush,XXXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Buddleja,madagascariensis, ,Buddleja Bush ,,,,SHRUBS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Buddleja,madagascariensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Butomaceae Butomus,umbellatus, ,,,,,”seed stored in tap water in darkness at 1-3C for 7mths, 64% germ within 15 days at room temp in greenhouse (18-21C day, 13-16C night)”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Butomus,umbellatus,, flowering rush,"Possible Weed of Agriculture: High Weed Potential in Riparian, Wetland and Disturbed areas",,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Butomus,umbellatus,,Common Name(s): Flowering Rush,"Avail nurseries, Wetland Low Level Invasive , Additional Comments : Reproduces by seed production and vegetative, no control methods spread, introduced 1897 ""Perennial, flowers reddish, white or pink, at top of stalk, short rhizome, leaves 1 m long, ","Eurasia. Habitat: Shores, inlands, waterways, ditches"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Buxaceae Pachysandra,terminalis, ,”Japanese pachysandra, spurge”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Cabombaceae Cabomba,australis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cabomba,carolianiana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cabomba,caroliniana,,fanwort ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are non-native species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Cabomba,caroliniana,,”cabomba, fanwort, Carolina watershield, fish grass, Washington grass, watershield”,XXXX,NL,Qld; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cabomba,caroliniana, ,,,,,Region of origin - Amer; Extent of spread - widespread in rivers; Means of spread - aquaria,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Cabomba,caroliniana, ,Fanwort,,,,Dispersal: Water. Life Form: Small to medium shruba(Perennial herb). RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,”Am and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cabomba,caroliniana, ,”cabomba, fanwort, Carolina watershield, fish grass, Washington grass, watershield”,,,,”popular & decorative aquarium plant which provides fish with food & oxygen; however in N Amer it clogs channels & drains, seriously restricting water flow & recreational activies & gives indication of causing similar problems in Qld, particularly in nutri”,”native of the USA, extending from Texas to Florida & north to Virginia & Illinois; common aquarium plant both in N Amer & overseas but does not seem to have become widely naturaliedit is estab. in Aust it is estab. in farm dams of N NSW & in coastal rive”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cabomba,caroliniana, , ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Cabomba,caroliniana, ,”cabomba, fanwort”,,,,,,Weed Science List Cabomba,caroliniana, ,cabomba,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cabomba,caroliniana, ,”cabomba, fanwort”,,P,, Height 30-80 cm Width 5-8 cm Light requirements very high Temperature 18-26oCHardness tolerance average-hard pH tolerance neutral-basic Easiness average Cabomba caroliniana is one of the oldest and most popular aquarium plants. The plant has the ,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cabomba,gigantea, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cabomba,spp.,,cabomba,,NL,Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cactaceae Acanthocereus,pentagonus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Acanthocereus,pentagonus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acanthocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acanthocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Anisocereus,spp., ,syn. Escontria spp.,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Anisocereus,x Aporoheliocereus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Anisocereus,, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aporoselenicereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aporoselenicereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Armatocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Armatocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Austrocylindropuntia,, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Austrocylindropuntia,, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Bergerocactus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bergerocactus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Binghamia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Binghamia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Bolivicereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bolivicereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Borzicactella,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Borzicactella,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Borzicactus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Borzicactus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Brachycereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Brachycerus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Brasiliopuntia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Brasiliopuntia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cactodendron,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Calymmanthium,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Calymmanthium,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Castellanosia,caineana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Castellanosia,caineana, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cephalocereus,spp.,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cephalocereus,spp.,”syn. Numerous synonyms, correct spp. name needed”,,,P,,” This Genus is a synonym of numerous other Genera, correct Identification needed for entry. Any ID of Cephalocereus spp. is insufficient and hence Prohibited.”,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cephalocleistocactus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cephalocleistocactus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cereus,hildmannianus,syn. C. peruvianus,,,P,, C. peruvianus is misapplied to this spp.,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cereus,jamacaru, ,”queen of the night, nagblom”,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject to herbicide registration & biocontrol investigationSucculent SpeciesInvades: savanna, rocky ridgesCultivated for: ornament, hedging”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Cereus,jamacaru, ,”queen of the night, nagblom”,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject to herbicide registration & biocontrol investigationSucculent SpeciesInvades: savanna, rocky ridgesCultivated for: ornament, hedging”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Cereus,spp.,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cereus,undatus,,night-scented glorybower,,,,”Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Chaffeyopuntia,spp.,= Opuntia,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Chamaelobivia,spp.,= Echinopsis,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cipocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cipocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cleistocactus,spp.,Winteria,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cleistocactus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cleistocactus,spp.,syn Winteria,,,P,, Note Exception: C. strausii,Note import conditions exceptions,Western Australian Prohibited List Clistanthocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Clistanthocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Coleocephalocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Coleocephalocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Consolea,spp.,see Opuntia,,,,,,,Weed Science List Consolea,spp., ,see Opuntia,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Corryocactus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Corryocactus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Corynopuntia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Corynopuntia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Coryphantha,spp., ,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Coryphantha,spp., ,,,P,,, Exceptions Noted in Comments on Taxa section,Western Australian Prohibited List Cylindropuntia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cylindropuntia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Deamia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Deamia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Demnosa,spp.,= Cleistocactus,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Dendrocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Dendrocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Diploperianthium,spp.,= Calymmanthium,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Disocactus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Disocactus,x Heliochia, ,,,P,, Suspect Genera in the cross no valid listing of name x Heliochia,,”Prohibited List, Query name” Disocactus,x Helioselenius, ,,,P,, Suspect Genera in the cross no valid listing of name x Helioselenius,,”Prohibited List, Query name” Disocactus,x Heliphyllum, ,,,P,, Suspect Genera in the cross no valid listing of name x Heliphyllum,,”Prohibited List, Query name” Echinocactus,texensis,syn Homalocephala texensis,horse crippler,,P,,(..) & (.) refer to Cites Appendix I Taxa species in the Cites checklist. Argentina AR Galapagos Is. EC-GAL Panama PABahamas BS El Salvador SV ,”US, MX”,Western Australian Prohibited List Echinopsis,spachiana, ,torch cactus,,,,”Proposed Declared Weed. Succulent SpeciesInvades: dry savanna, karooCultivated for: ornament, hedging”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Echinopsis,spachiana, ,torch cactus,,,,”Proposed Declared Weed. Succulent SpeciesInvades: dry savanna, karooCultivated for: ornament, hedging”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Encephalocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Encephalocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Epiphyllum,phyllanthus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Epiphyllum,phyllanthus, var. hookeri,,,,,”Region of origin - S Mexico, Guatemala to Panama; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Epiphyllum,phyllanthus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eradisia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eradisia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eriocereus,martinii,” Cereus martinii, Harrisia martinii”,”Harrisia cactus, moonlight cactus, snake cactus”,,,,” a typical arid land succulent, major infestations of this shade tolerant plant are largely confined to fertile crackling clays under brigalow scrub in areas with ann. rainfall of at least 500mm; has the ability to form dense tangled thickets 1-2m high, i”,”native of S Amer, mainly Arg & Paraguay”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Eriocereus,martinii, ,Harrisia cactus,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Eriocereus,martinii,= Harrisia martinii,Harrisia cactus,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eriocereus,spp.,,harrisia cactus,,L,Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eriocereus,spp., ,,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Eriocereus,tortuosus,,”Harrisia cactus, moonlight cactus, snake cactus”,,L,NSW; Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eriocereus,tortuosus, ,”Harrisia cactus, moonlight cactus, snake cactus”,,,,” a typical arid land succulent, major infestations of this shade tolerant plant are largely confined to fertile crackling clays under brigalow scrub in areas with ann. rainfall of at least 500mm; has the ability to form dense tangled thickets 1-2m high, i”,”native of S Amer, mainly Arg & Paraguay”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Eriocereus,tortuosus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Escontria,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Escontria,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Espostoa,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Espostoopsis,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Espostoopsis,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eulychnia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eulychnia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Facheiroa,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Facheriroa,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ficindica,spp.,= Opuntia,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Floresia,spp.,= Haageocereus,Florestina?,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Grusonia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Grusonia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Gymnanthocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gymnanthocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Gymnocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gymnocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Haageocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Haageocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Haagocactus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Harrisia,bonplandii,Eriocereus bonplandii,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Harrisia,martinii,Eriocereus martinii,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Harrisia,martinii, ,moon cactus,,,,Declared Weed. Subject of biocontrol investigationSucculent SpeciesInvades: savannaCultivated for: ornament,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Harrisia,martinii, ,moon cactus,,,,Declared Weed. Subject of biocontrol investigationSucculent SpeciesInvades: savannaCultivated for: ornament,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Harrisia,spp.,Eriocereus,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Harrisia,spp.,see Eriocereus,,,,,,,Weed Science List Harrisia,spp., ,Eriocereus,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Harrisia,tortuosus,Eriocereus tortuosus,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Harrisia ,martinii,”Cereus martinii, Eriocereus martinii”,”Harrisia cactus, moonlight cactus, snake cactus”,X,L,NSW; Qld; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Heliabravoa,sp.,x Heliaporus,,,,,,,Weed Science List Heliabravoa,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Heliabravoa,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Heliabravoa,spp. x Heliaporus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Heliocactus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Heliocereus,sp.,X Heliochia,,,,,,,Weed Science List Heliocereus,sp.,X Helioselenius,,,,,,,Weed Science List Heliocereus,sp.,X Heliphyllum,,,,,,,Weed Science List Heliocereus,spp.,Nopalxochia,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Heliocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Heliocereus,spp.,syn Nopalxochia,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Heliocereus,x Heliochia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Heliocereus,x Helioselenius, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Heliocereus,x Heliphyllum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Helioselenius X ,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hertrichocereus,spp.,= Stenocereus ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hildewintera,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hildewintera,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hylocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hylocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,Note import conditions exceptions,Western Australian Prohibited List Hylocereus,undatus,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hylocereus,undatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hylocereus,undatus, ,Night Flowering Cactus ,,,,VINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Hylocereus,undatus, ,Night Flowering Cactus,,,,Vines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Isolatocereus,spp.,= Stenocereus,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Jasminocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Jasminocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lasiocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lasiocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lemaireocereus,spp.,= Pachycereus,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Leocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Leocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Leptocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Leptocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lermaireocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lermaireocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Leuchtenbergia,spp.,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Leuchtenbergia,spp., ,,,P,,”Monotypic Genus, supposedly. Any others spp. in these Genus treat with care”,Note import conditions exceptions,Western Australian Prohibited List Lohocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lohocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lophocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lophophora,williamsii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lophophora,williamsii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Loxanthocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Loxanthocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Machaeocereus,spp.,syn. ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Machaeocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Maihuenia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Maihuenia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Maihuenopsis,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Maihuenopsis,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Mammillaria,vivipara, ,purple mamillaria,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Marenopuntia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Marenopuntia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Marginatocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Marginatocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Maritimocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Maritimocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Marshallocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Marshallocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Mediocactus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Mediocactus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Micropuntia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Micropuntia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Monvillea,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Monvillea,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Morangaya,spp.,see Echinocereus,,,,,,,Weed Science List Morangaya,spp., ,Echinocereus,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Morawetzia,spp.,see Oreocereus,,,,,,,Weed Science List Morawetzia,spp., ,Oreocereus,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Murtillo,cactus,spp. ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Murtillo,cactus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Myrtillocactus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Myrtillocactus,x Heliaporus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Neoabbottia,syn., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Neoabbottia,syn., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Neoevansia,spp.,= Peneocereus,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Neohickenia,spp.,= Parodia,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Neoporteria,, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Nopalea,syn., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Nopalea,syn., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Normanbokea,spp.,= Neolloydia,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Nyctocereus,serpentinus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Nyctocereus,syn., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Nyctocereus,syn., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Opuntia,aurantiaca,,”tiger pear, jointed cactus”,HX,GLP,NSW; Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,aurantiaca, ,Tiger Pear,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4”,”Introduced deliberately from: Uruguay, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Opuntia,aurantiaca,,,terrestrial,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Opuntia,aurantiaca, ,”tiger pear, jointed cactus”,,,,”Opuntia spp. are drought resistant, are not usually grazed by stock, & grow densely forming an impenetrable barrier, hence their use as live fences in some areas; hosts for fruit fly & harbour for pest animals”,”native of Arg & Uruguay; introd to S Afr, & now considered one of the country's worst weeds, spreading rapidly 0.9million ha covered in 1978; grows in areas with rainfall as low as 150mm to 800mm, broad rainfall band “,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Opuntia,aurantiaca, ,jointed cactus,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration. Biocontrol: effective agents availableSucculent SpeciesInvades: savanna, karoo, pastoral landCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Opuntia,aurantiaca, ,jointed cactus,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration. Biocontrol: effective agents availableSucculent SpeciesInvades: savanna, karoo, pastoral landCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Opuntia,aurantiaca, ,tiger pear,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Opuntia,aurantiaca, ,tiger pear,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Opuntia,bergeriana,,prickly pear,,L,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,bergeriana, ,,,,,Region of origin - Americas; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Opuntia,bigelovii, ,jumping cholla ,,P,,”Certainly one of the most painful hitchhiking plants in the southwestern United States is jumping cholla (Opuntia bigelovii). The spines are exceedingly difficult to pull out of rubber soles and elastic human skin. Like other kinds of cholla cactus, the c”,,Western Australian Prohibited List Opuntia,brasiliensis, ,Brazilian pricklypear,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Opuntia,compressa,Opuntia humifusa,prickly pear,,L,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,cylindrica,Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica,prickly pear,,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,cylindrica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,dejecta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,dillenii, ,,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Opuntia,dillenii, ,,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Opuntia,elatior,,prickly pear,Xw,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,elatior, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,engelmannii, ,Engelmann pricklypear,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Opuntia,erinacea,,prickly pear,,L,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,erinacea, ,,,,,Region of origin - SW USA; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Opuntia,erinacea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,exaltata, ,,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Opuntia,exaltata, ,,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Opuntia,ficus-indica,,Indian fig,X,NL,NSW; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,ficus-indica, ,Prickly-pear,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 5”,”Introduced deliberately from: ?Mex, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Opuntia,ficus-indica, ,tuna cactus,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Opuntia,ficus-indica, ,sweet prickly pear,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration. Biocontrol: effective agents availableSucculent SpeciesInvades: many habitats but mainly dry and rocky places in savanna & karooCultivated for: edible fruits, animal fodder, security hedging”,Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Opuntia,ficus-indica, ,sweet prickly pear,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration. Biocontrol: effective agents availableSucculent SpeciesInvades: many habitats but mainly dry and rocky places in savanna & karooCultivated for: edible fruits, animal fodder, security hedging”,Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Opuntia,ficus-indica, ,Indian fig,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,ficus-indica, ,Indian fig,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Opuntia,fulgida, ,jumping cholla,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Opuntia,humifusa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,humifusa, ,spreading pricklypear,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Opuntia,imbricata,Cylindropuntia imbricata,Devils Rope,XXXw,L,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,imbricata, ,Devils Rope,,,,”Dispersal: ?Bird, internal,?animal (not bird), internal,Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4”,”Introduced deliberately from: S USA,Mex, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Opuntia,imbricata, ,imbricate prickly pear,,,,Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration. Biocontrol: effective agents availableSucculent SpeciesInvades: dry savanna & karooCultivated for: ornament,Origin: N & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Opuntia,imbricata, ,imbricate prickly pear,,,,Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration. Biocontrol: effective agents availableSucculent SpeciesInvades: dry savanna & karooCultivated for: ornament,Origin: N & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Opuntia,imbricata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,imbricata, ,Devil's rope cactus,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,imbricata, ,walkingstick cholla,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Opuntia,imbricata, ,Devil's rope cactus,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Opuntia,leptocaulis,,prickly pear,,L,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,leptocaulis, ,tasajillo,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966Pictured in White Sands National Park, USA”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Opuntia,leucotricha,,prickly pear,,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,leucotricha, ,,,,,Region of origin - Mexico; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Opuntia,leucotricha, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,lindheimeri,,prickly pear,E,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,lindheimeri,,prickly pear,E,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,lindheimeri, ,,,,,Region of origin - NE Mexico & adjacent USA; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Opuntia,lindheimeri, ,small round-leaved prickly pear,,,,Declared Weed. Biocontrol: effective agents availableSucculent SpeciesInvades: savanna Cultivated for: ornament,Origin: N & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Opuntia,lindheimeri, ,small round-leaved prickly pear,,,,Declared Weed. Biocontrol: effective agents availableSucculent SpeciesInvades: savanna Cultivated for: ornament,Origin: N & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Opuntia,lindheimeri, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,lindheimeri, ,Lindheimer pricklypear,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Opuntia,lubrica,,prickly pear,,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,megacantha, ,mission pricklypear,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Opuntia,microdasys,,prickly pear,,L,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,microdasys, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,pachypus, ,,,,,Region of origin - Peru; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Opuntia,pachypus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,paraguayensis,,prickly pear,,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,paraguayensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,phaeacantha,,prickly pear,,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,phaeacantha, ,,,,,”Region of origin - Mexico, SW USA; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread ornamental”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Opuntia,phaeacantha, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,polyacantha, ,plains pricklypear,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Opuntia,puberula,O. tenuispina in Harden 1990,prickly pear,,L,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,robusta,,”wheel cactus, wheel pear”,HX,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,robusta, ,Wheel Pear,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4”,”Introduced deliberately from: C Am, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Opuntia,robusta, ,”wheel cactus, wheel pear”,,,,”Opuntia spp. are drought resistant, are not usually grazed by stock, & grow densely forming an impenetrable barrier, hence their use as live fences in some areas; hosts for fruit fly & harbour for pest animals”,”originated in Mexico & although introd as an ornamental or botanical curiosity to many places, it appears to have become a weed only in Victoria”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Opuntia,robusta, ,wheel cactus,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Opuntia,robusta, ,wheel cactus,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Opuntia,rosea, ,rosea cactus,,,,Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigationSucculent SpeciesInvades: dry savanna Cultivated for: ornament,Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Opuntia,rosea, ,rosea cactus,,,,Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigationSucculent SpeciesInvades: dry savanna Cultivated for: ornament,Origin: C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Opuntia,rosea, ,,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Opuntia,rosea, ,,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Opuntia,schickendantzii,,prickly pear,,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,schickendantzii, ,,,,,Region of origin - N Argentina; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Opuntia,schumannii, ,,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Opuntia,schumannii, ,,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Opuntia,spinosior, ,spiny cholla,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Opuntia,spinulifera, ,,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Opuntia,spinulifera, ,,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Opuntia,spp., ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Opuntia,spp.,Tephrocactus spp. & Cumulopuntia spp.,prickly pear,XXXXXX,NP,Qld; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,spp., ,,,,,”seeds germ most readily when fresh, dried seed require stratification”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Opuntia,spp., ,prickly pears,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Opuntia,spp., syn. Tephrocactus spp. & Cumulopuntiaspp., prickly pears,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Opuntia,spp. except O. ficus-indica, ,Prickly pear ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Opuntia,streptacantha,,prickly pear,,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,streptacantha, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,stricta,,”erect prickly pear, common prickly pear, Araluen pear, common pest pear, Gayndah pear, spiny pest pear”,,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,stricta,,”erect prickly pear, common prickly pear, Araluen pear, common pest pear, Gayndah pear, spiny pest pear”,,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,stricta,,”erect prickly pear, common prickly pear, Araluen pear, common pest pear, Gayndah pear, spiny pest pear”,,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,stricta,”Cactus strictus, Opuntia inermis, Opuntia stricta var. stricta”,”erect prickly pear, common prickly pear, Araluen pear, common pest pear, Gayndah pear, spiny pest pear”,HXXX,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,stricta, ,Common Prickly-pear,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,animal (not bird), internal,Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,”,”Introduced deliberately from: E N Am,C Am, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Opuntia,stricta,” Cactus stricta, Opuntia inermis, Opuntia stricta var. stricta”,”erect prickly pear, common prickly pear, Araluen pear, common pest pear, Gayndah pear, spiny pest pear”,,,,”Opuntia spp. are drought resistant, are not usually grazed by stock, & grow densely forming an impenetrable barrier, hence their use as live fences in some areas; hosts for fruit fly & harbour for pest animals”,”originating in southern N Amer, Central & trop Amer, erect prickly pear now occurs in several parts of the world but it became more imprt. as a weed in Aust than elsewhere”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Opuntia,stricta, ,Australian pest pear,,,,Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigationSucculent SpeciesInvades: dry savanna Cultivated for: ornament,Origin: N & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Opuntia,stricta, ,Australian pest pear,,,,Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigationSucculent SpeciesInvades: dry savanna Cultivated for: ornament,Origin: N & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Opuntia,stricta, ,”erect prickly pear, common prickly pear”,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Opuntia,stricta, ,”erect prickly pear, common prickly pear”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Opuntia,subulata,,prickly pear,,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,subulata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,sulphurea,,prickly pear,,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,sulphurea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,tomentosa,,prickly pear,XX,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,tomentosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,tunicata,,prickly pear,,GL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,tunicata, ,,,,,Region of origin - Ecuador to Chile; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Opuntia,tunicata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Opuntia,versicolor, ,staghorn cholla,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Opuntia,vulgaris,”Cactus monacanthos, Opuntia monacantha”,”drooping prickly pear, barbary fig, drooping tree pear, smooth tree pear, spiny prickly pear, spreading prickly pear, tuna”,HX,NL,NSW; Qld; SA; NT; WA; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Opuntia,vulgaris, ,Drooping Prickly-pear,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,animal (not bird), internal,Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: E S Am, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Opuntia,vulgaris,” Cactus monacanthus, Opuntia monacanthus”,”drooping prickly pear, barbary fig, drooping tree pear, smooth tree pear, spiny prickly pear, spreading prickly pear, tuna”,,,,”All Opuntia spp. (in some cases with the ex. of O. ficus-indica) are proclaimed in NSW, Qld, SA, NT & WA. O. vulgaris is proclaimed as a separate species for the whole of Vic ex the Melb. metro area”,”originated in S Amer centred mainly on Arg, Brazil, Paraguay & Uruguay; it has spread to many parts of the world & is now considered a weed in Aust, S Afr, India, Sri Lanka, NZ & several Pacific Is.”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Opuntia,vulgaris, ,drooping prickly pear,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Opuntia,vulgaris, ,drooping prickly pear,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pachycereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Parviopuntia,spp.,= Opuntia,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Peniocereus,serpentinus,Nyctocereus serpentinus,,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Peniocereus,spp.,,,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Peniocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Peniocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pereskia,aculeata,Pereskia pereskia,”Barbados gooseberry, Barbados shrub”,E,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pereskia,aculeata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pereskia,aculeata, ,Barbados gooseberry,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigationSucculent SpeciesInvades: forest margins and gaps, plantationsCultivated for: ornament, security hedging”,Origin: S & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Pereskia,aculeata, ,Barbados gooseberry,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration & biocontrol investigationSucculent SpeciesInvades: forest margins and gaps, plantationsCultivated for: ornament, security hedging”,Origin: S & C Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Pereskia,aculeata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pereskia,aculeata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pereskia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pereskia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pereskiopsis,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pereskiopsis,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Peruvocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Peruvocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Philippicereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Philippicereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Phyllocereus,spp.,= Epiphyllum,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pilosocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pilosocereus,spp., ,syn. Pilocereus,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Piptanthocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Platyopuntia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Platyopuntia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Polaskia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Polaskia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pseudocanthocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pseudocanthocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pseudoechinocereus,spp.,= Cleistocactus,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pseudopilocereus,spp.,= Pilosocereus,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pseudotephrocactus,spp.,= Opuntia,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pterocactus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pterocactus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Quiabentia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Quiabentia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Rathbunia,syn., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rathbunia,syn., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Rauhocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rauhocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Rhipsalidopsius,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rhipsalidopsius,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Rhodocactus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rhodocactus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Rittereocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rittereocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Roseocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Roseocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Salmiopuntia,spp.,= Opuntia,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Samaipaticereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Selenicereus,macdonaldiae,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Selenicereus,spp.,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Selenicereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Selenicereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Seleniphyllum,sp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Seleniphyllum,sp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Seticereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Seticereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Seticleistocactus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Seticleistocactus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Soehrensia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Stenocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Stenocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Stetsonia,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Stetsonia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Subpilocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Subpilocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Tacinga,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tacinga,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Tephrocactus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Thelocactus,spp.,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Thelocactus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Thelocactus,spp., ,,,P,,” Some spp. in this Genus are synonyms of other spp. in prohibited Genera, Correct Identification is essential”,,Western Australian Prohibited List Trichocereus,spp.,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Trichocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Trichocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Trichoechinopsis X ,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Tunas,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Weberbauerocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Weberbauerocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Weberocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Weberocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Winteria,spp.,= Cleistocactus,,,,,,,Weed Science List Winteria,spp.,= Cleistocactus,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Winterocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Winterocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Worckleocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List X Heliochia,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List X Heliphyllum,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Yungasocereus,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Yungasocereus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Zehntnerella,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Zehntnerella,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia,bonduc, ,yellow nickers,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Caesalpinia,decapetala,,”wait-a-while, whoa-back”,XX,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Caesalpinia,decapetala, ,Mauritius thorn,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration.Woody SpeciesInvades: forest margins and gaps, plantations, roadsides, watercoursesCultivated for: security hedging, ornament”,Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Caesalpinia,decapetala, ,Mauritius thorn,,,,”Declared Weed. Subject of herbicide registration.Woody SpeciesInvades: forest margins and gaps, plantations, roadsides, watercoursesCultivated for: security hedging, ornament”,Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Caesalpinia,decapetala, ,Thorny Poinciana ,,,,Vines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Caesalpinia,decapetala, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Caesalpinia,decapetala, ,Thorny Poinciana ,,,,VINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Caesalpinia,gilliesii,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Caesalpinia,gilliesii, ,bird-of-paradise shrub,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Caesalpinia,gilliesii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Caesalpinia,gilliesii, ,bird-of-paradise,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Caesalpinia,pulcherrima, ,flowerfence,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Caesalpinia,sepiaria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Caesalpinia,sepiaria, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cassia,alata,bas Senna alata,”candle bush, ringworm shrub, yellowtop weed”,,,,”develops readily on disturbed pastures, the shrubby growth forming dense thickets, reducing available grazing area & sometimes, access to water; it is particularly aggressive in areas of very high rainfall where the water table comes close to the surface,”,”native of tropical Amer was introd to Eur as a stove ornamental in the late 17thC; subsquently carried to the Old World tropics during the period of colonial expansion, in now occurs as a weed in Afr, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, PNG, & several Pacific isl”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cassia,alata,bas Senna alata,candle bush,,,,,,Weed Science List Cassia,auriculata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cassia,auriculata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cassia,barclayana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cassia,bauhinioides, ,twoleaf desert senna,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cassia,coluteoides, ,Winter Senna ,,,,Major WeedSHRUBS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Cassia,coluteoides,,”climbing cassia, Christmas cassia, Christmas senna”,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Cassia,didymobotrya, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cassia,fasciculata, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Cassia,fasciculata, Cassia chamaecrista,Partridge pea,,,,18% germ in 15-148 days from seeds planted in greenhouse in autumn after collection; exposing to cold outdoor temps for 71 days no difference,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cassia,fasciculata, ,partridgepea,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cassia,fistula,,”golden shower, Indian laburnum”,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cassia,fistula, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cassia,floribunda, ,Smooth Cassia ,,,,SHRUBS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Cassia,grandis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cassia,leptocarpa, ,slimpod senna,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cassia,marilandica, ,Wild senna,,,,”breaking seed coat increases germ, temp 20-25C on moist filter paper”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cassia,marilandica, ,wild senna,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cassia,nictitans, ,sensitive partridgepea,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cassia,obtusifolia, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Cassia,obtusifolia, Cassia tora,Sicklepod,,,,freshly harvested seed need seed coat made permeable to water; treat for 15 min in conc. sulphuric acid imbibed water; germ in light; use mechanical scarification,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cassia,obtusifolia, Senna obtusifolia,”sicklepod, Java bean”,,,,,”native of the Caribbean region, has become widespread throughout the tropics; it is a troublesome weed of row crops in the southern US & causes problems in India, Malaysia, Java, the Philippines & some Pacific islands, yet is an imprt. dietary aid in part”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cassia,obtusifolia, ,sicklepod,,,,,,Weed Science List Cassia,obtusifolia, ,sicklepod,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cassia,obtusifolia, ,sicklepod,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cassia,occidentalis, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Cassia,occidentalis, ,Coffee senna,,,,mechanical scarification needed,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cassia,occidentalis, Senna occidentalis,”coffee senna, ant bush”,,,,”can be a serious competitor in crops & pastures; in Aust competition in pastures & its potential toxicity, appear to be the major problems, although rarely eaten it is regarded as toxic to cattle in the US”,”native of trop & subtrop Amer, is now widespread throughout the tropics; a serious weed of cotton & soybeans in the southern US”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cassia,occidentalis, ,”coffee senna, stinking weed, wild senna, wild coffee”,,,,Cassia occidentalis is a weed of 23 crops in 66 countries and frequents pastures and plantation crops.,”Native to tropical S Amer, but know common throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Cassia,occidentalis, ,coffee senna,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cassia,occidentalis, ,coffee senna,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cassia,siamea,,cassod tree,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cassia,surattensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cassia,tora,syn ,”Java bean, foetid cassia, sicklepod”,,,,”Cassia tora is a weed of 26 crops in 67 countries and is more prevalent in soybeans, pastures, peanuts, cotton and sugarcane.”,”Native to tropical S Amer, but know common throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Cassia,tora, ,,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ceratonia,siliqua, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Piliostigma,thonningii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Piliostigma,thonningii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Callitrichaceae Callitriche,fallax, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Callitriche,fallax, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Callitriche,hamulata,,Water Starwort,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Callitriche,hamulata, ,Water Starwort,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,Water. Life Form: Annual/Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 9,10”,”Eur, Greenland, In Victoria: Widespread, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Callitriche,stagnalis,,Water Starwort,XHw,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Callitriche,stagnalis, ,Water Starwort,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,Bird, internal,?animal (not bird), internal,W. Life Form: Emergent aquatic(Perennial herb). RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,9,10,13,14,”,”Eur, N Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Callitriche,stagnalis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Callitriche,verna, ,waterstarwort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Campanulaceae Campanula,rapunculoides,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Campanula,rapunculoides, ,Creeping bellflower,,,,optimum temp for germ 2-5C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Campanula,rapunculoides,,Common Name(s): Creeping bellflower,"Avail nurseries, Ornamental Potential Invasive ""Perennial, 5-10 dm high, blue flowers, 5 lobed, bell-shaped, 2-3 cm long, stems erect, slender, leaves alternate, simple, unevenly toothed, fruit a 3-celled capsule simple, unevenly toothed, fru","Eurasia. Habitat: Meadows, old fields, roadsides"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Campanula,rapunculoides, ,Creeping Bellflower,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Campanula,rapunculoides, ,creeping bellflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Campanula,rotundifolia, ,,,,,”seeds germ immediately after harvest at temps of those prevailing outdoors; older seed exposed to outdoor conditions for 71 days, then transferred to greenhouse & germ within 14-21 days”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Hippobroma,longiflora,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Isotoma,longiflora,Laurentia longiflora,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Isotoma,longiflora, ,shrubharebell,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Isotoma,longiflora, Laurentia longiflora,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Jasione,montana, ,,,,,”some seed germ immediately after harvest, remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in water unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 93% germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Jasione,montana, ,Sheep's Bit,,,,J. adpressifolia,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Jasione,montana, ,Sheep's Bit,,,,J. adpressifolia,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Legousia,hybrida, ,Venus's looking Glass,,,,Specularia hybrida,”Central and Southern Europe, UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Legousia,hybrida, ,Venus's looking Glass,,,,Specularia hybrida,”Central and Southern Europe, UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Legousia,speculum-veneris, ,Greater Venus's Looking Glass,,,,Specularia speculum-veneris,Central and Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Legousia,speculum-veneris, ,Greater Venus's Looking Glass,,,,Specularia speculum-veneris,Central and Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lobelia,cardinalis, ,Cardinal flower,,,,95% germ in 12days in diffuse light at 20-25C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lobelia,cardinalis, ,cardinalflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lobelia,chinensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lobelia,chinensis, ,,,,,perennial sub-dominance , Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Lobelia,chinensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lobelia,cliffortiana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lobelia,cliffortiana, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lobelia,dortmanna, ,,,,,seeds stored in tap water at 1-3C for 2-7mths in difffuse light in greenhouse inc. germ%,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lobelia,erinus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lobelia,erinus, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Lobelia,erinus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lobelia,inflata, ,Indian tobacco,,,,seeds require light for germ; germ on moist soil in clay pots or in water; dry stored seed viable for at least 5yrs,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lobelia,inflata, ,indiantobacco,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lobelia,laxiflora,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lobelia,radicans, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Lobelia,siphilitica, ,Great lobelia,,,,seed collected in autumn & sown 1mth after collection no germ; 2% germ of seed sown 6wks after collection; seeds need light to germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lobelia,siphilitica, ,great lobelia,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Specularia,perfoliata, ,Venus lookingglass,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Specularia,speculum-veneris, Legouzia speculum-veneris,,,,,”high germ % at optimum temp of 7C constant & alt. 5-15C, 10-18C & 10-25C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Trachelium,caeruleum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Triodanis,biflora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Triodanis,biflora, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Triodanis,perfoliata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Triodanis,perfoliata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Wahlenbergia,capensis,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Wahlenbergia,capensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cannabaceae Cannabis,ruderalis, ,,,,,34% germ of seeds on filter paper moistened with 0.03% soln of GA at 20-25C in constant darkness,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cannabis,sativa,,”Indian Hemp, marijuana, dacha, grass, pot, redroot, Russian hemp, Mary-Jane, marry-joanna”,H,GLP,ACT; Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cannabis,sativa, ,Hemp,,,,”90% or more germ, 2mths after harvest, temp alternation of 20-30C with seeds between blotters or on top of sand”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cannabis,sativa, ,”Indian Hemp, marijuana, dacha, grass, pot, redroot, Russian Hemp”,,,,”tolerates a wide temp range & once estab, survives on very little water; not usually competetive with crops, but in India, sometimes significantly reduces maize yield”,”native of C Asia, has been cultivated in Asia & Eur as a food, fibre & medicinal crop for thousands of years; introd to S & N Amer; occurs as a weed in the north central & eastern coastal areas of the USA; still grown in Eur for cordage, esp. in the Sovie”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cannabis,sativa, ,”Indian hemp, marijuana”,,,,,,Weed Science List Cannabis,sativa, ,”Indian hemp, marijuana”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cannabis,sativa, ,hemp,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cannabis,sativas, ,Hemp,,,,C. ruderalis,Mainland Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cannabis,spp.,,,,GP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cannabis,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Humulus,japonica, ,Japanese hop,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Humulus,lupulus,,hops,H,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Humulus,lupulus, ,Hop,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Vegetative. Life Form: Vine. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,7,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Humulus,lupulus, ,hops,,,,,,Weed Science List Cannaceae Canna,incana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Canna,indica,,”canna, Indian shot”,HX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Canna,indica, ,Canna Lily ,,,,SHRUBS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Canna,indica, ,Canna Lily ,,,,Trees/Shrubs.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Canna,indica, ,Indian canna,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Canna,sp.,X generalis,,,,,,,Weed Science List Canna,sp.,X orchiodes,,,,,,,Weed Science List Canna,x generalis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Canna,x orchiodes,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Capparidaceae Cleome,aculeata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cleome,aculeata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cleome,burmanni, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cleome,burmanni, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cleome,gynandra,,,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cleome,gynandra, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cleome,gynandra, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cleome,hassleriana,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cleome,hassleriana,syn C. spinosa,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cleome,monophylla,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cleome,monophylla, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cleome,rutidosperma, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cleome,rutidosperma, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cleome,rutidosperma,,spiderflower,"crops including vegetables, bananas, maize, tobacco, watermelons, cocoa, pineapples and coconuts; weed of disturbed ground and immature plantations",,"Northern Australian Quarantine Service, Target Weeds" Cleome,serrulata, Peritoma serrulata,Rocky Mountain bee plant,,,,seeds sown in late autumn of year of collection germ in following spring & 2nd spring,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cleome,serrulata, ,Rocky Mountain beeplant,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cleome,spinosa,= C. hassleriana,spiny spiderflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cleome,viscosa, ,,,,,rupturing seed coat improves germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Capparis,sandwichiana, ,smooth caperbush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cleome,chelidonii,”syn Polanisia angulata, Polanisia chelidonii”,,,,,”in dry ditches & on spread mud, in sugarcane fields, on heavy clays & marls, on soils that become desiccated periodically during the pronounced dry season; of ten so abundant that the area looks red-purple; below 100m alt (Java); flowers throughout the ye”,”India, Burma, perhaps also Java, India, Burma, C & E Java”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cleome,gynandra, ,spider flower,,,,”Cleome gynandra is a tropical and subtropical species and is often found in cultivated or fallowed fields, along roadsides, in fence rows, and along irrigation canals and ditches. It is a weed of 19 crops in over 40 countries.”,”native to Afr; occurs in Asia, Latin Amer, and Aust. “,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Cleome,rutidosperma,syn Cleome ciliata,,,,,”lowland ruderal; rainfed & upland rice fields, so far only a weed of minor importance, but might become troublesome, “,”W. trop Afr from Guinea to Angola, introd in the Caribean area; first recorded in 1920 near Medan ( N Sumatra); Singapore in 1946; Java (near Jakarta in harbour yard) in 1958; in 1946 found in Thailand, Burma in 1948; spreading quickly throughout Indonesi”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cleome,viscosa,”syn Cleome icosandra, Polanisia icosandra, Polanisia viscosa”,,,,,”a tolerant ruderal plant on arable land; along roadsides, refuse heaps, coconut grooves; often in great quantities; prefers sunny, lighter soil, both under seasonally dry & under ever wet sonditions; sometimes on sandy or calcareous soils; in E Java it is”,”Old World, from trop Afr & S Arabia to trop Aust; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Gynandropsis,gynandra, ,African spiderflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Polanisia,graveolens, ,clammyweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Polanisia,trachysperma, ,Western clammy weed,,,,”seeds sown 2mths after collection & dry storage into greenhouse germ 2% in 9days, 6mths after only 6% germ in 13days; seeds exposed to freezing & thawing outdoors over winter failed to germ “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Polanisia,trachysperma, ,western clammyweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Wislizenia,refracta, ,jackassclover,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Caprifoliaceae Diervilla,lonicera, ,bush honeysuckle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Leycesteria,formosa,,Himalayan honeysuckle,HXXAS,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Leycesteria,formosa, ,Himalayan Honeysuckle,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal. Life Form: Large Small to medium shrubhrub. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,7,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: Himalaya and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Leycesteria,formosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lonicera,fragrantissima,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lonicera,fragrantissima, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lonicera,fragrantissima,,January jasmine,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Lonicera,hirsuta, ,hairy honeysuckle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lonicera,japonica,,Japanese honeysuckle,HXXwH,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lonicera,japonica, ,Japanese Honeysuckle,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,Water,Vegetative. Life Form: Vine. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 2,6,7,8,13”,”Introduced deliberately from: E As and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Lonicera,japonica, ,Japanese Honeysuckle ,,,,VINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Lonicera,japonica, ,Japanese honeysuckles,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Lonicera,japonica, ,Honeysuckle Vine ,,,,Vines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Lonicera,japonica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lonicera,japonica, ,,,,,annual sub-dominance , Miyasaki ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Lonicera,japonica, ,Japanese honeysuckle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lonicera,japonica,,Japanese honeysuckle,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Lonicera,japonica,,Japanese honeysuckle,,,,RANK 1. “SEVERE THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation; includes species which are or could become widespread in Tennessee.,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Lonicera,japonica,,,Mountain and Valleys Coastal & Peidmont in Virginia,,"Alien Invasive plants in Virginia: Virginia Native Plant Society, Weed" Lonicera,japonica,,Japanese honeysuckle,"Avail nurseries, Ornamental , Additional Comments : Leaves remain in winter Low Level Invasive ""3 m high, flowers in pairs, yellow or white, tubular, leaves hairy, opposite, simple, entire, purplish-black berries Invasive Potential : L ""","Asia. Habitat: Open woods, thickets, roadsides, old gardens"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Lonicera,japonica,,Japanese honeysuckle,"Nature: Shade-tolerant, climbing and trailing semiwoody vine with evergreenleaves that spreads by stolons and seeds. This is the only exotic of 7species of Lonicera in SE. Uses: Valued as deer browse in Piedmont and erosion control.Herbicide control: Foli",Origin: Introduced from Japan.Range: Eastern U.S.,"EXOTIC INVASIVE PLANTS IN SOUTHEASTERN FORESTS, James H. Miller, Southern Research Station USDA Forest Service Auburn University, AL, weed" Lonicera,maackii,,Amur bush honeysuckle,,,,RANK 1. “SEVERE THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation; includes species which are or could become widespread in Tennessee.,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Lonicera,morrowii,,, Coastal and Peidmont in Virginia,,"Alien Invasive plants in Virginia: Virginia Native Plant Society, Weed" Lonicera,morrowii,,Morrow's bush honeysuckle,,,,RANK 1. “SEVERE THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation; includes species which are or could become widespread in Tennessee.,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Lonicera,periclymenum,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lonicera,periclymenum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lonicera,sempervirens, ,trumpet honeysuckle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lonicera,spp., ,exotic bush honeysuckles,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Lonicera,standishii,,, Coastal and Peidmont in Virginia,,"Alien Invasive plants in Virginia: Virginia Native Plant Society, Weed" Lonicera,tatarica,,Tartarian honeysuckle,"Avail nurseries, Ornamental Low Level Invasive , Additional Comments : Displaces native understorey and ground flora ""3 m high, numerous flowers, pink or white on stalks, leaves opposite, simple, deciduous, blades 2-6 cm long, thin, fruits in","Asia. Habitat: Open woods, thickets, lake shores, roadsides, wasteland"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Lonicera,subspicata, ,moronel honeysuckle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lonicera,tatarica, ,Tatarian honeysuckle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lonicera,x americana,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Symphoricarpos,albus, Symphoricarpos racemosus,Common snowberry,,,,”seeds soaked in conc. sulfuric acid for 75min, then stored in moist peat moss at 25C for several wks, then stored at 5C for 6mths”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Symphoricarpos,albus, ,common snowberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Symphoricarpos,occidentalis, ,western snowberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Symphoricarpos,orbiculatus, ,Buck brush,,,,”disintegrate seed coat & after ripen embryo to induce germ; soak seed in conc. sulfuric acid for 30-40min, hold seed in moist peat moss at 25C for 2-4wks, plant in soil flats & hold for 5mths at 10C, transfer flats to greenhouse & allow to germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Symphoricarpos,orbiculatus, ,buckbrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Viburnum,acerifolium, ,mapleleaf viburnum,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Viburnum,alnifolium, ,hobblebush viburnum,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Viburnum,dentatum, ,arrowwood viburnum,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Viburnum,lantana,,Common Name(s): Wayfaring tree,"Avail nurseries, Ornamental Potential Invasive ""2 m high, 13 cm flowers, umbrella-shaped, white, leaves olive green, opposite, simple, deciduous in pairs, clusters of black fruit """,Europe. Habitat: Moist forests," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Viburnum,lentago, ,sweet viburnum,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Viburnum,opulus,,"Guelder rose, European highbush cranberry","Avail nurseries, Ornamental , Additional Comments : Shunned by wildlife, unpleasant taste Low Level Invasive ""5 m high, yellow or white flowers, leaves opposite, 3 lobed, bright red berries""","Eurasia. Habitat: Swamps and bogs, along streams, open woods, thickets"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Viburnum,opulus, var. opulus,”guelder rose, cranberry bush, viburnum”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Viburnum,prunifolium, ,blackhaw,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Viburnum,rafinesquianum, ,Rafinesque viburnum,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Viburnum,rufidulum, ,rusty blackhaw,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Viburnum,suspensum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Viburnum,tinus,,laurustinus,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Viburnum,tinus, ,Laurustinus,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal. Life Form: Large Small to medium shrubhrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 5,6,7”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Viburnum,tinus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Weigela,hortensis, ,,,,, , Niigata ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Caricaceae Carica,papaya, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Carica,papaya,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carica,papaya, ,papaya,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Caryophyllaceae Agrostemma,githago,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Agrostemma,githago, ,Corn cockle,,,,”seeds germ immediately or soon after harvest; min temp 2-5C, max greater than 30C, germ well in all ranges”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Agrostemma,githago, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Agrostemma,githago, ,corn cockle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Agrostemma,githargo, ,Corn Cockle,,,,Lychnis githago,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Arenaria,groenlandica, ,,,,,”prechilling 2-7C for 71 days, then autumn sowing in glasshouse; germs in 14-35 days”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Arenaria,leptoclados,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Arenaria,serpyllifolia,,thyme-leaved sandwort,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Arenaria,serpyllifolia, ,Thymeleaf sandwort,,,,92% germ at 15C in alternating light ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Arenaria,serpyllifolia, ,Thyme leaved Sandwort,,,,,,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Arenaria,serpyllifolia, ,Thymeleaf Sandwort,,,,triazines 1980 France , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Arenaria,serpyllifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Arenaria,serpyllifolia, ,thymeleaf sandwort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cerastium,arvense,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cerastium,arvense, ,Field Mouse ear,,,,,”Mainland Europe, UK, Eire, N Scandinavia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cerastium,arvense, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cerastium,arvense, ,field chickweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cerastium,arvense, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cerastium,balearicum,C. semidecandrum misapplied,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cerastium,brachypetalum, ,Grey Mouse ear,,,,,”Mainland Europe, Norway, Sweden”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cerastium,brachypetalum, ,Grey Mouse ear,,,,,”Mainland Europe, Norway, Sweden”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cerastium,brachypetalum, ,Grey Mouse ear,,P,,,”Mainland Europe, Norway, Sweden”,Western Australian Prohibited List Cerastium,comatum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cerastium,diffusum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cerastium,diffusum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cerastium,fontanum,,Mouse-ear Chickweed,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cerastium,fontanum, ,Mouse-ear Chickweed,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,?Water,animal (not bird), internal,?Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,12,14,15”,”Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cerastium,fontanum, ,Common Mouse ear,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cerastium,fontanum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cerastium,glomeratum,,mouse-ear chickweed,HXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cerastium,glomeratum, ,Mouse-ear Chickweed,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,?Water,animal (not bird), internal,?Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,2,4-6,8,9,12-15”,”Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cerastium,glomeratum, ,,,,,”seeds germ at once or soon after harvest, seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cerastium,glomeratum, ,Sticky Mouse ear,,,,C. viscosum,”Mainland Europe, Norway, Sweden”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cerastium,glomeratum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cerastium,glomeratum, ,,,,,annual sub-dominance , Upland Japan Miyagi Miyasaki ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cerastium,indicum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cerastium,indicum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cerastium,pumilum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cerastium,semidecandrum,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cerastium,semidecandrum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cerastium,siculum, ,,,,,40% germ at 20C in darkness,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cerastium,strigosum, ,,,,,”seeds germ at once or soon after harvest, seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cerastium,viscosum, ,sticky chickweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cerastium,vulgare,C. fontanum ssp. trivalve,,x,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cerastium,vulgatum, ,Mouse ear chickweed,,,,”prechilling of fresh seed at 5C & moistened with KNO3 soln for 1 wk, then germ on blotters moistened with 0.2% KNO3 soln with temp alt of 20-30C; 10 mth old seed 90% germ with alt. temp, or KNO3 soln”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cerastium,vulgatum, ,,,,, ,Shimane Shizuoka ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cerastium,vulgatum, ,mouseear chickweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Corrigiola,litoralis,,strapwort,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Corrigiola,litoralis, ,,,,,”all, or most seed germ in 1st spring; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps prevailing outdoors until germ; germ at temp 3-20C takes up to 6wks; testa exposed100% in 14 days-seed coat impermeable”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Corrigiola,litoralis, ,Strapwort,,,,,”Mainland Europe except NE , UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Corrigola,litoralis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Dianthus,armeria,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Dianthus,armeria, ,Deptford pink,,,,germ at 20-25C in light,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Dianthus,armeria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Dianthus,armeria, ,Deptford pink,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Dianthus,barbatus, ,Sweet William,,,,,,Weed Science List Dianthus,plumarius,,”feathered pink, wild pink, cottage pink”,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Dianthus,plumarius, ,,,,,Region of origin - C Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental ,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Dianthus,superbus, ,,,,,seed begins to germ almost immediately after harvest; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors 100% germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Drymaria,arenarioides,,,terrestrial,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Drymaria,arenarioides, ,”sandwort drymary, Lightning weed”,,P,,”Another potential rangeland weed problem is Lightning weed(Drymaria arenarioides). Lightning weed is a short-livedperennial rangeland weed that is extremely toxic to cattle,sheep, and goats. It invades rangeland areas that may bestressed from drough”,,Western Australian Prohibited List Drymaria,cordata, ,”tropical chickweed, chickweed, West Indian chickweed”,,,,”Drymaria cordata is seldom a weed of cultivated areas, it invades plantation crops such as tea and coffee, as well as pastures, lawns, gardens, riverbanks, ditches, and even sandbars in rivers. It is a weed of 31 crops in more than 45 countries and is fre”,”native of tropical Amer, and occurs in many tropical and subtropical countries.”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Drymaria,cordata, ,heartleaf drymary,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Drymaria,pachyphylla, ,inkweed drymary,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Drymaria,villosa,syn Drymaria hirsuta,dew herb,,,,”along rivers in rather moist climates in tea, cinchona, coffee & higher sugarcane plantations; arable land, road & watersides, road banks, gardens; can withstand deep shade; often found gregarious in association with Drymaria cordata; from 10/300-1600m al”,”S Amer, pantropical; introd to Java before 1910; has spread to the rest of Indonesia except Kalimantan & the Moluccas as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Gypsophila,muralis, ,Wall Gypsophila,,,,,”Mainland Europe, S Denmark, Finland”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Gypsophila,muralis, ,Wall Gypsophila,,,,,”Mainland Europe, S Denmark, Finland”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Gypsophila,paniculata, ,Baby's Breath ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Gypsophila,paniculata,, babys- breath," Possible Weed of Agriculture, Grassland, Forest and Riparian habitats: High Weed Potential in Disturbed areas",,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Gypsophila,paniculata, ,Baby's breath ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Gypsophila,paniculata, ,baby's breath,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Gypsophila,tubulosa,”G. paniculata misapplied?, G. australis”,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gypsophila,tubulosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gypsophila,vaccaria, ,,,,,”some seed germ immediately after harvest, remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 48% germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Heerniaria,hirsuta,,Herniaria,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Heerniaria,hirsuta, ,Herniaria,,,,Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,”Eur, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Herniaria,cinerea,H. hirsuta,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Herniaria,glabra, ,Smooth Rupture wort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Herniaria,glabra, ,Smooth Rupture wort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Herniaria,hirsuta, ,,,,,,”Central & Southern Europe, less UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Herniaria,hirsuta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Holosteum,umbellatum, ,Jagged Chickweed,,,,,”Mainland Europe, UK, S Denmark”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Holosteum,umbellatum, ,Jagged Chickweed,,,,,”Mainland Europe, UK, S Denmark”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Illecebrum,verticillatum, ,Coral Necklace,,,,,”Central & Western Europe, UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Illecebrum,verticillatum, ,Coral Necklace,,,,,”Central & Western Europe, UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lepyrodiclis,holstedoides, , ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Lychnis,alba, Melandrium album,White cockle,,,,germ on blotters moistened by 0.2% soln of KNO3 at alt. temp of 20-30C; good germ at 20C constant without soln; high germ after 10mths dry storage,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lychnis,alba, ,white cockle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lychnis,chalcedonica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lychnis,coronaria,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lychnis,coronaria, ,,,,,”80% germ at 20C in dark, at alt. 20-30C in dark, & at alt. 20-30C with alt. light/dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lychnis,coronaria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Lychnis,dioica, ,red campion,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lychnis,floscuculi, ,Meadow campion,,,,seeds germ at once after harvested remainder in following spring; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ; 100% germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lychnis,floscuculi, ,meadow campion,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lychnis,viscaria, Viscaria viscosa,,,,,seeds germ at once after harvested remainder in following spring; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ; 100% germ; seeds dry stored viability up to 8yrs,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Lynchis,chalcedonica,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Minuartia,hybrida, ,Fine leaved sand wort,,,,,”Central and Western Europe, UK, Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Minuartia,hybrida, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Minuartia,mediterranea,M. hybrida,,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Moenchia,erecta,,Erect Chickweed,XXX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Moenchia,erecta, ,Erect Chickweed,,,,Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,”Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Moenchia,erecta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Myosoton,aquaticum, ,Water Chickweed,,,,”Malachium aquaticum, Stellaria aquaticum, Cerastium aquaticum”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Myosoton,aquaticum, ,Water Chickweed,,,,”Malachium aquaticum, Stellaria aquaticum, Cerastium aquaticum”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Paronychia,argentea,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Paronychia,argentea, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Paronychia,argentea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Paronychia,brasiliana,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Paronychia,brasiliana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Paronychia,echinulata, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Paronychia,echinulata, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Paronychia,franciscana,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Paronychia,franciscana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Petrorhagia,nanteuilii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Petrorhagia,nanteuilli,P. prolifera,proliterous pink,H,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Petrorhagia,prolifera, ,Proliterous Pink,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5”,”Med, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Petrorhagia,prolifera, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Petrorhagia,velutina,,velvet or hairy pink,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Petrorhagia,velutina, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Polycarpon,indicum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Polycarpon,indicum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Polycarpon,tetraphyllum,,Four-leafed Allseed,XXX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Polycarpon,tetraphyllum, ,Four-leafed Allseed,,,,”Dispersal: Windind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,8,11,12”,”Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Polycarpon,tetraphyllum, ,Four leaved allseed,,,,,”South and West Europe, S West UK”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Polycarpon,tetraphyllum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sagina,apetala,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sagina,apetala, ,Dwarf pearl wort,,,,seeds germ at once after harvest or following spring; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; total germ82%,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sagina,apetala, ,Annual Pearlwort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sagina,apetala, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sagina,apetala, ,dwarf pearlwort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sagina,japonica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sagina,japonica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sagina,maritima,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sagina,maritima, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sagina,maxima, ,,,,, , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Sagina,nodosa, ,Knotted Pearlwort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sagina,nodosa, ,Knotted Pearlwort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sagina,procumbens,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sagina,procumbens, ,Procumbent Pearlwort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sagina,procumbens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sagina,procumbens, ,birdseye pearlwort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sagina,subulata, ,Heath Pearlwort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sagina,subulata, ,Heath Pearlwort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Saponaria,calabrica,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Saponaria,calabrica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Saponaria,officinalis,,”soapwort, bouncingbet”,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Saponaria,officinalis, ,Bouncing bet,,,,”prechilling with 0.2% soln of KNO3 as moistening agent at 5C for 1wk, then germ at 20C:16hrs to 30C:8hrs germ 99% for 7days, 97% for 300days & 82% for 1095days”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Saponaria,officinalis, ,Soapwort,,,,,”All Europe, less in UK, Eire & Scandinavia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Saponaria,officinalis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Saponaria,officinalis, ,bouncingbet,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Saponaria,vaccaria, ,Cow cockle,,,,68% germ in dark at both 15C & 20C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Saponaria,vaccaria, ,cow cockle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Scleranthus,annuus,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Scleranthus,annuus, ,Annual Knawel,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Scleranthus,annuus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Scleranthus,annuus, ,knawel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Scleranthus ,annuus, ,Knawel,,,,”seed germ not exceeding 30% at various constant or alt. temps from 2-5 to 35C; at 20-30C alt. 32% in dark & 24% with alt. light/dark; 77% germ of seed stored after 1 winter's storage in lab, germ 18% after 5yrs dry storage in lab”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Silene,acaulis, ,,,,,95% germ & 99% germ with prechilling on moist filter paper in lab; seeds sown outdoors 28% germ in the autumn of year collected & 49% the following spring,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Silene,alba, ,White Campion,,,,Melandrium album,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,alba, ,White Campion,,,,Melandrium album,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,antirrhina, ,sleepy catchfly,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Silene,apetala,,Sand Catchfly,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,apetala, ,Sand Catchfly,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,4”,”S Eur, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Silene,apetala, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Silene,armeria,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,atocioides,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,caroliniana, var. pensylvanica Silene pensylvanica,,,,,”seeds planted directly into greenhouse failed to germ; seeds planted in soil flats & kept outdoors for 71days, 28% germ within 14-21days on transferral to greenhouse”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Silene,conica,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,conica, ,Sand Catchfly,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except Scandinavia & Russia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,conica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Silene,conoidea, ,,,,,seeds germ soon after harvest & remainder following spring; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted-total germ84%; 92% in dark with alt. 20-30C after 1yr storage,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Silene,conoidea, ,,,,,,Limited Dist in Western Medit region,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,conoidea, ,,,,,,Limited Dist in Western Medit region,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,conoidea,syn ,Conoid catchfly,,,,”cultivated land, mainly in fields”,”Medit, W Asia to W Himalayas”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Silene,cretica, ,,,,,,”Southern Europe, less in Central E”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,cretica, ,,,,,,”Southern Europe, less in Central E”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,cserei, ,Biennial campion,,,,100% germ at 15C constant with light; 92% germ 1yr after collection at 20-30C alt. with alt. light/dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Silene,cserei, ,biennial campion,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Silene,cucubalus,” Silene inflata, Silene latifolia, Silene vulgaris”,Bladder campion,,,,92% germ at 20-25C in diffuse light & 88% in dark; viable for up to 14yrs,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Silene,cucubalus, ,bladder campion,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Silene,dichotoma,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,dichotoma, ,Hairy catchfly,,,,99% germ of seeds immediately after harvest,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Silene,dichotoma, ,Forked Catchfly,,,,,”Eastern Europe, less in Central E”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,dichotoma, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Silene,dichotoma, ,hairy catchfly,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Silene,diocia, ,,,,,”Region of origin - Eur, Medit; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Silene,dioica,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,dioica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Silene,gallica,,French Catchfly,XXXXX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,gallica,,French Catchfly,HXXXX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,gallica, ,Small Flowered Catchfly,,,,”S. liophila, S. anglica”,”All Europe, except Scandinavia & Russia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,gallica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Silene,gallica, ,English catchfly,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Silene,gallica var. gallica, ,French Catchfly,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,12”,”Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Silene,gallica var. quinquevulnera, ,French Catchfly,,,,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual/Biennial. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,”Eur, In Victoria: ?”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Silene,latifolia,”S. pratensis, S. alba”,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,latifolius, ,ssp. alba White campion ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Silene,linicola, ,,,,,,From Belgium through to Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,linicola, ,,,,,,From Belgium through to Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,longicaulis,,Portuguese Catchfly,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,longicaulis, ,Portuguese Catchfly,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual/Biennial. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 3,4”,”Spain,Portugal, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Silene,longicaulis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Silene,maritima, ,,,,,seeds germ soon after harvest & remainder following spring; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted-total germ 98%,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Silene,muscipula, ,,,,,S. arvensis,,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,muscipula, ,,,,,S. arvensis,,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,noctiflora, Melandrium noctiflorum,Night flowering catchfly,,,,90% germ alt. temp 20C:16hrs to 30C:8hrs in light; germ inc. with dry storage 100% germ after 12wks storage,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Silene,noctiflora, ,Night Flowering Catchfly,,,,Melandrium noctiflorum,”All Europe, except Greece & Finland”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,noctiflora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Silene,noctiflora, ,nightflowering catchfly,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Silene,nocturna,,Mediterranean Catchfly,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,nocturna, ,Mediterranean Catchfly,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5”,”Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Silene,nocturna,syn ,Night-flowering catchfly,,,,”cultivated land, mainly fields”,Mainly Medit; introduced elsewhere,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Silene,nutans, ,,,,,90% germ of 1mth old seed on moist blotters in light; vegetative propagation by using cuttings of stems which root at nodes if covered in soil,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Silene,pendula,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,pratensis,?should be S. latifolia?,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,pratensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Silene,pseudoatocion,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,rubella,syn ,,,,,”fields, irrigation canals, gardens”,”Medit, extending eastward to Iraq”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Silene,rubella, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Silene,rubella, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Silene,schafta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Silene,tridentata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,tridentata, ,,,,,Region of origin - Algeria; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Silene,uniflora,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,vulgaria, ,Bladder Campion,,,,”S. cucubalus, S. inflata, S. latifolia”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Silene,vulgaris,”Behen vulgaris, Cucubalus behen, Cucubalus inflatus, Silene cucubalus, Silene inflata, Silene latifolia”,”bladder campion, blue root, rattlebox”,XXX,NL,SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,vulgaris,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,vulgaris,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Silene,vulgaris, ,Bladder Campion,,,,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,”Eur,Med.W As, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Silene,vulgaris,” Behen vulgaris, Cucubalus behen, Cucubalus inflatus, Silene cucubalus, Silene inflata, Silene latifolia”,”bladder campion, blue root, rattlebox”,,,,”pioneer plant, invades open spaces in pastures & fallowed arable land, forms dense patches which reduce available grazing area & pasture yield & can interfere with cultivation; contaminates pasture seed; obligate long day plant, growing continuously & flo”,”Euro-Asian origin, found from Medit region northwards through Scandinavia to 70º N lat & eastwards through Siberia to Japan; introd to N Amer, Afr, Indonesia, NZ, & Aust, growing at all levels to 2500m”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Silene,vulgaris, ,Bladder campion ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mo”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Silene,vulgaris, ,bladdercampion,,,,,,Weed Science List Spergula,arvensis,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Spergula,arvensis, ,Corn spurry,,,,germ at constant 20-25C in dark or alt. light/dark; soaking seeds in 1-2% soln of thiourea for 24hrs to break dormancy,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Spergula,arvensis, ,Corn Spurrey,,,,”S. vulgaris, S. sativa, S. maxima, S. linicola”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Spergula,arvensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Spergula,arvensis, ,corn spurry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Spergula,pentandra,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Spergula,pentandra, ,,,,,,Central and Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Spergula,pentandra, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Spergularia,bocconii,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Spergularia,diandra,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Spergularia,diandra, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Spergularia,levis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Spergularia,levis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Spergularia,marina,,salt sand-spurrey,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Spergularia,marina, ,Salt Sand-spurrey,,,,”Dispersal: Water,?Wind. Life Form: Annual/Perennial herb. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 11”,”temp N Hem, In Victoria: Widespread, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Spergularia,marina,syn Arenaria rubra var. marina; A marina; Spergularia salina,Sand spurrey,,,,muddy and moist saline soils,”Widespread in temp. coastal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, also in Australasia where it might be introduced”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Spergularia,marina, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Spergularia,media,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Spergularia,media, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Spergularia,purpurea, ,,,,,S. longipes,Iberian Peninsula,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Spergularia,purpurea, ,,,,,S. longipes,Iberian Peninsula,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Spergularia,rubra,,Red Sand-spurrey,XH,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Spergularia,rubra, ,Red Sand-spurrey,,,,”Dispersal: Water,?Wind. Life Form: Annual/Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,8,9,12”,”Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Spergularia,rubra, Lepigonum rubrum,Red sandspurry,,,,52% germ at alt. 20-30C with alt. light/dark & 4% in dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Spergularia,rubra, ,Sand Spurrey,,,,S. campestris,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Spergularia,rubra, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Spergularia,rubra, ,red sandspurry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Spergularia,segetalis, ,,,,,”Delia segetalis, Alsine segetalis”,Western and Northern Mainland Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Spergularia,segetalis, ,,,,,”Delia segetalis, Alsine segetalis”,Western and Northern Mainland Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Spergularia,sp. 2,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Stellaria,alsine, Stellaria uliginosa,,,,,seeds germ soon after harvest & continued for several mths; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 100%,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Stellaria,alsion, ,,,,,biennial dominant weed barley & wheat crops , Shizuoka Upland Korea ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Stellaria,aquatica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Stellaria,aquatica, ,,,,, , Shizuoka Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Stellaria,aquatica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Stellaria,graminea,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Stellaria,graminea, ,Little starwort,,,,alt. light/dark & alt. 10-30C temp best germ %; viability remains high during more than 3 yrs dry indoor storage,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Stellaria,graminea, ,Lesser Stitchwort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Stellaria,graminea, ,”stitchwort, grasslike stitchwort”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Stellaria,graminea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Stellaria,graminea, ,little starwort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Stellaria,holostea, ,,,,,seeds germ soon after harvest & continued for several mths; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; total germ 90%,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Stellaria,media,,chickweed,HXXXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Stellaria,media, ,Chickweed,,,,”Dispersal: animal external. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1-5,6,8,12,13”,”Eur,As, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Stellaria,media, ,Common chickweed,,,,94% germ of 1mth old seed at alt. 20-30C in petri dishes on blotters moistened with 0.2% KNO3 & 93% germ of 10mth old seed,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Stellaria,media, ,Chickweed,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Stellaria,media, ,Common Chickweed,,,,chlorsulfuron 1991 Denmark Barley , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Stellaria,media, ,Common Chickweed,,,,chlorsulfuron 1992 Canada , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Stellaria,media, ,Common Chickweed,,,,chlorsulfuron 1995 New Zealand , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Stellaria,media, ,Common Chickweed,,,,mecoprop 1985 United Kingdom Cereals , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Stellaria,media, ,Common Chickweed,,,,atrazine 1978 Germany Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Stellaria,media, ,chickweed,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Stellaria,media, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Stellaria,media, ,,,,,biennial dominant weed barley & wheat crops Weed in rich site , Upland Korea Upland Japan Hokkaido Miyagi Okayama Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Stellaria,media, ,chickweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Stellaria,pallida,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Stellaria,pallida,syn Alsine pallida ,Chickweed,,,,”shaded, moist, cultivated ground, especially in gardens and orchards”,”Medit, Eur, NW Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Stellaria,pallida, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Stellaria,palustris,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Stellaria,uliginosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Stellaria,uliginosa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Vaccaria,hispanica,V. pyramidata,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Vaccaria,hispanica,syn Saponaria hispanica; Vaccaria pyramidata; Saponaria vaccaria; Vaccaria parviflora; V. segetalis,Cow-herb,,,,”cultivated fields, especially with winter cropsUsed as a cut green in flower shops and as a medicinal herb. Root is vulnerary and galactogogue (increasess the secretion of milk)”,”Widespread in Medit, C Eur, Asia; introduced into other warm temp. regions of N Amer, Aust. and NZ”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Vaccaria,hispanica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Vaccaria,pyramidata, Vaccaria vulgaris,,,,,”5000 seed sown in field in lated autumn, 45% produced seedlings in following spring, a few seeds from original planting produced seedlings in 2nd season; 1 seedling in 3rd season out of original 5000”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Vaccaria,pyramidata, ,,,,,”V. vulgaris, V. segetalis, V. perfola, V. parviflora, Saponaria vaccaria”,”Mainland Europe, except Italy & Denmark”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Vaccaria,pyramidata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Casuarinaceae Casuarina,cunninghamiana,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Casuarina,cunninghamiana, ,beefwood,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: coastal dunes, sandy sea-shores, riverbedsCultivated for: ornament, dune stabilization, shelter”,Origin: Australia ,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Casuarina,cunninghamiana, ,beefwood,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: coastal dunes, sandy sea-shores, riverbedsCultivated for: ornament, dune stabilization, shelter”,Origin: Australia ,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Casuarina,cunninghamiana*,,”melanga, elephant ear”,,,,”Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. *P =Prohibited by Florida Department “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Casuarina,equisetifolia, ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Casuarina,equisetifolia,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Casuarina,equisetifolia, ,”Australian pine, casuarina”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Casuarina,equisetifolia, ,horsetail tree,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: coastal dunes, sandy sea-shores, riverbedsCultivated for: ornament, dune stabilization, shelter”,Origin: pantropical ,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Casuarina,equisetifolia, ,horsetail tree,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: coastal dunes, sandy sea-shores, riverbedsCultivated for: ornament, dune stabilization, shelter”,Origin: pantropical ,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Casuarina,equisetifolia*,,Australian pine,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.*P =Prohibited by Flo”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Casuarina,glauca,,swamp oak,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Casuarina,glauca, ,”Australian pine, suckering casuarina”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Casuarina,glauca*,,suckering Australian pine,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.*P =Prohibited by Flo”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Celastraceae Celastrus,orbiculatus, ,”oriental bittersweet, Asian bittersweet”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Celastrus,orbiculatus,,"Asiatic bittersweet, Oriental bittersweet","Avail nurseries, Ornamental Highly Invasive , Additional Comments : Spread by birds 7 m high, flowers in small greenish yellow clusters, leaves alternate, simple, deciduous, rounded, fruits small orange-yellow ""","Eurasia. Habitat: Woods, thickets, roadsides, fence rows"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Celastrus,orbiculatus,,,Mountain and Valleys Coastal & Peidmont in Virginia,,"Alien Invasive plants in Virginia: Virginia Native Plant Society, Weed" Celastrus,orbiculatus,,Asian bittersweet,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Euonymus,alata, ,”winged euonymus, burning bush”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Euonymus,atropurpureus, ,eastern wahoo,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euonymus,sp.,,spindle tree,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euonymus,sp., ,,,,,Region of origin - Japan?; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Euonymus,sp., ,Spindle Tree,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal. Life Form: Large Small to medium shrubhrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 9”,”Introduced deliberately from: ?Japan and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Evonymus,alata,,burning bush,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Evonymus,fortunei,,wintercreeper,,,,RANK 1. “SEVERE THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation; includes species which are or could become widespread in Tennessee.,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Cephalotaxaceae Torreya,californica, ,California nutmeg yew,,,,”Torreya californica is listed in the USA as X - present as weed (the species is present & behaves as a aweed, but its rank of importance is unknown)”,California,Holm et al. 'A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds' Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum,demersum,,”hornwort, common coontail, hornweed”,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ceratophyllum,demersum, ,Common coontail,,,,”seed germ well after 5-7mth storage in water at 1-3C, good germ if stored in water for 3 mths at 1-3C if a slit was cut in the pericarp before testing; vegetative propagation also “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Ceratophyllum,demersum, ,”hornwort, common coontail, hornweed”,,,,”native to Aust, occurring in all States ex Tas; it grows but is not common, all along the east coast, occassionally reaching pest proportions in parts of SE Qld; in inland NSW it is recorded at several locatities along the Murray River & in the Lachlan Ri”,”cosmopolitan, having existed in ponds since the Pilocene epoch; occurs in many oceanic islands, as well as on all continents of the world other than Antarctica”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Ceratophyllum,demersum, ,hornwort,,,,,,Weed Science List Ceratophyllum,demersum, ,common coontail,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ceratophyllum,echinatum, ,prickly coontail,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ceratophyllum,spp.,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ceratophyllum,spp., ,,,P,,,Note import conditions exceptions,Western Australian Prohibited List Ceratopteridaceae Ceratopteris,pteridoides, ,floatingfern,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Characeae Chara,braunii, ,,,,, , Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Chara,globularis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chara,globularis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Chara,spp. (aquatic), ,chara,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chara,zeylanica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chara,zeylanica, ,chara,,,, , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Chara,zeylanica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Nitella,hyalina, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Nitella,hyalina, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Chenopodiaceae Atriplex,argentea, ,silverscale saltbush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Atriplex,canescens, ,fourwing saltbush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Atriplex,confertifolia, ,shadscale,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Atriplex,eadleyae,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Atriplex,elegans, ,wheelscale saltbush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Atriplex,hastata, ,Spear leaved Orache,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Atriplex,hastata, ,Spear leaved Orache,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Atriplex,heterosperma,, weedy orache, Weed Status Uncertain - current information is inadequate to assess risk. Further analysis may be warranted.,,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Atriplex,holocarpa,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Atriplex,hortensis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Atriplex,hortensis, ,Garden orach,,,,58% germ of seed in constant darkness at 20C; could have two distinct seed types,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Atriplex,hortensis, ,Garden Orache,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Atriplex,hortensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Atriplex,hortensis, ,garden orach,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Atriplex,leptocarpa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Atriplex,leptocarpa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Atriplex,lindleyi , ssp. inflata,sponge-fuit saltbush,,,,”Herbaceous Species Invades: roadsides, degraded land, sandy riverbeds, coastal dunes, pans, low-lying areas, mainly in semi-arid regions.”,Origin: Australia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Atriplex,lindleyi , ssp. inflata,sponge-fuit saltbush,,,,”Herbaceous Species Invades: roadsides, degraded land, sandy riverbeds, coastal dunes, pans, low-lying areas, mainly in semi-arid regions.”,Origin: Australia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Atriplex,nummularia, ssp. nummularia,old man saltbush,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: sandy riverbeds, coastal dunes, edges of pans, roadsides, in semi-arid regions.Cultivated for: fodder”,Origin: Australia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Atriplex,nummularia, ssp. nummularia,old man saltbush,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: sandy riverbeds, coastal dunes, edges of pans, roadsides, in semi-arid regions.Cultivated for: fodder”,Origin: Australia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Atriplex,patula,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Atriplex,patula, var. hastata Atriplex hastata,Halberdleaf orach,,,,”two distinct seed types; one type no dormancy, the other strongly dormant; dormancy can be broken by 15 min treatment with conc. H2SO4 “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Atriplex,patula, ,Common Orache,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Atriplex,patula, ,Spreading Orach,,,,atrazine 1980 Germany Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Atriplex,patula, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Atriplex,patula, ,spreading orach,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Atriplex,prostrata,,hastate orache,HX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Atriplex,prostrata, ,Hastate Orache,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,8,9,11”,”Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Atriplex,pseudocampanulata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Atriplex,pumilio,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Atriplex,rosea, ,Red orach,,,,”two distinct seed types; one no dormancy germ at 20C with light, the other strongly dormant, needs light at 20C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Atriplex,rosea, ,red orach,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Atriplex,semibaccata, ,Austtallian Saltbush ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Atriplex,semibaccata, ,Australian saltbush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Atriplex,spinibractea,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Atriplex,tatarica, ,,,,,”A. laciniata, A. tornabenii”,”Central Europe, inc Italy Greece”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Atriplex,tatarica, ,,,,,”A. laciniata, A. tornabenii”,”Central Europe, inc Italy Greece”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Atriplex,var. hastata, ,halberdleaf orach,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Atriplex,wrightii, ,Wright saltbush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Axyris,amaranthoides, ,Russian pigweed,,,,”two distinct seed types, one germs immediately at 18-22C; the other needs to have seed coat broken, germ high 100% in 3 days”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Axyris,amaranthoides, ,Russian pigweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Bassia,hyssopifolia,Salsola hyssopifolia,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bassia,hyssopifolia, ,Bassia ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Bassia,hyssopifolia, ,Firehook bassia ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Bassia,hyssopifolia, ,five hook bassia,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Bassia,hyssopifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bassia,hyssopifolia, ,fivehook bassia,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Bassia,indica,syn. Kochia,,,,,germ rapidly in shallow water; seed dry stored over calcium chloride in desiccators at room temp remain viable for more than 6yrs,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Bassia,laniflora,syn. Kochia,,,,,K. arenaria,Mainland Europe except Denmark,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bassia,laniflora,syn. Kochia,,,,,K. arenaria,Mainland Europe except Denmark,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bassia,scoparia,Kochia scoparia,kochia,HXE,L,Qld; WA; SA; NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bassia,scoparia,Kochia scoparia,kochiaornamental form,,NL,Qld; WA; NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bassia,scoparia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bassia,scoparia,syn Kochia scoparia,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Bassia,scoparia,syn. Kochia,Kochia,,,,94% germ at 20C in dark on top of sand or blotters in petri dishes; germ inc. with GA treatment,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Bassia,scoparia,syn. Kochia,Mock Cypress,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except Greece, more in Russia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Bassia,scoparia,syn. Kochia,Kochia ,,,,chlorsulfuron 1988 Canada Industrial , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Bassia,scoparia,syn. Kochia,Kochia ,,,,chlorsulfuron/met 1987 USA Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Bassia,scoparia,syn. Kochia,Kochia ,,,,atrazine 1982 USA Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Bassia,scoparia,syn. Kochia,Kochia ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Bassia,scoparia,syn. Kochia,summer cypress,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Bassia,scoparia,syn. Kochia,Kochia,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Bassia,scoparia,syn. Kochia,kochia,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Bassia,scoparia,syn. Kochia,Kochia,,P,,Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Bassia,scoparia,syn. Kochia,Kochia + ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” *** Note: Does not apply to var. trichophylla Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Movement prohibited on roads (Secti”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Bassia,scoparia var. scoparia,syn. Kochia,,,,,Region of origin - Eurasia; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - soil conservation,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Beta,vulgaris,,Silver Beet,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Beta,vulgaris, ,Silver Beet,,,,”Dispersal: Water. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,8,11”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Beta,vulgaris, ,Sea Beet,,,,,”Southern Europe, S Sweden, UK, Eire and NW Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Beta,vulgaris, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Beta ,vulgaris,syn B. maritima; B. vulgaris var. maritima,Sea beet,,,,”fields, roadsides”“Beta vulgaris is the origin of some cultivated varieties of beetroot, sugar beet, and mangold”““,”Medit, Eur, W Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Chenopodium,album,,”fat hen, common lambsquarters, lambsquarters”,XXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chenopodium,album, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Chenopodium,album, ,Fat Hen,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,atrazine 1973 Canada Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,atrazine 1979 New Zealand Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,atrazine 1979 USA Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,”atrazine 1980 Belgium Corn, Roadsides “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,atrazine 1980 Germany Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,atrazine 1980 The NetherlandsCorn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,”atrazine 1986 Czech Republic Corn, Sugarbeet”, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,atrazine 1987 Spain Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,atrazine 1991 Poland Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,atrazine 1995 Chile , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,atrazine 1995 Italy , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,atrazine 1996 Slovenia Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,metribuzin 1994 Norway Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,metribuzin 1989 Bulgaria Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,simazine 1989 United Kingdom , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,triazines 1977 Switzerland Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,Lambsquarters ,,,,triazines 1978 France , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,album, ,lambsquaters,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Chenopodium,album,syn ,”White goosefoot, Common lambsquarters”,,,,”fields, gardens, roadsides, waste placesThis species was formerly cultivated as a bread plant because of its highly nutritive seeds. High vit. C content & used as a salad plant & in medicine”,Widespread weed of the Old World; introduced and naturalised into the New World,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Chenopodium,album, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chenopodium,album, ,,,,,annual dominant weed barley & wheat crops Weed in rich site , Upland Korea Upland Japan Hokkaido Okayama ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Chenopodium,album, ,common lambsquarters,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chenopodium,ambrosioides,var. ambrosiodes to var. anthelminicum (& intermediates),,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chenopodium,ambrosioides, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Chenopodium,ambrosioides,syn ,Wormseed,,,,”Nile and canal banks, moist ground”“Used medicinally as a vermifuge, antiasthmatic, diuretic, etc. Leaves are also used as a condiment.”““,Naturalised from S Amer,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Chenopodium,ambrosioides, ,wormseed,,,,,,Weed Science List Chenopodium,ambrosioides, ,”Mexican tea, Indian goosefoot, bitterweed, wormseed”,,,,Chenopodium ambrosioides is a common annual (occasionally perennial) weed and infests 25 crops in over 65 countries.,originated in C & S Amer and is now found in over 60 temperate and tropical countries,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Chenopodium,ambrosioides, ,mexicantea,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chenopodium,berlandieri, ,,,,,”fresh seed dormant; storage 3-5mths at 3C in moist sand/peat, or dry at room temp increased germ; germ at 30C “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium,bontei, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chenopodium,bontei, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Chenopodium,bonus-henricus, ,Perennial goosefoot,,,,17% of fresh seed; storing 3-5mths at 3C in moist peat gives high germ %; germ at 30C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium,bonus-henricus, ,perennial goosefoot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chenopodium,botrys, ,Jerusalemoak goosefoot,,,,poor germ of fresh seed; storage 3-5mths in moist peat/sand at 3C gives high germ %; dry storage only good germ % if stored over 2yrs; germ at constant 30C with long photoperiods,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium,botrys, ,Jerusalem Goosefoot,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except, Denmark & Greece”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,botrys, ,Jerusalem Goosefoot,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except, Denmark & Greece”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,botrys, ,jerusalemoak goosefoot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chenopodium,capitatum, ,blite goosefoot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chenopodium,cristatum,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chenopodium,detestans,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chenopodium,detestans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chenopodium,fasciculosum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chenopodium,fasciculosum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Chenopodium,ficifolium, ,,,,,”require high temps to germ, 35-40C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium,ficifolium, ,Fig leaved Goosefoot,,,,C. serotinum,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,ficifolium, ,Figleaved goosefoot,,,,atrazine 1980 Germany Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,ficifolium, ,Figleaved goosefoot,,,,triazines 1986 Switzerland Vegetables , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,ficifolium,syn ,,,,,”cultivated fields, waste ground”,”Eur, Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Chenopodium,ficifolium, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chenopodium,ficifolium, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Chenopodium,gigantospermum, ,,,,,35% germ alt. exposure to light & alt. temp of 15-25C; seed stored on moist blotters at 3C for 1wk & germ in constant darkness at alt. temps of 20-30C gave 31% germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium,glaucum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chenopodium,glaucum, ,Oak leaf goosefoot,,,,75% of freshly harvested seed; germ remained high in seed stored dry for 3-5mths at room temp or 3C; germ at 30C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium,glaucum, ,Oak leaved goosefoot,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,glaucum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chenopodium,glaucum, ,oakleaf goosefoot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chenopodium,hircinum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chenopodium,hircinum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Chenopodium,hybridum, ,Maple leaf goosefoot,,,,”poor germ of fresh seed; 41% germ at 30C, when stored in moist peat/sand for 3-5mths at 3C for 1wk “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium,hybridum, ,Maple leaved Goosefoot,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,hybridum, ,Maple leaved Goosefoot,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,hybridum, ,mapleleaf goosefoot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chenopodium,leptophyllum, ,slimleaf lambsquarters,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chenopodium,macrospermum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chenopodium,macrospermum, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Chenopodium,macrospermum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chenopodium,melanocarpum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chenopodium,multifidum,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chenopodium,multifidum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chenopodium,murale,,”sowbane, nettle-leaf goosefoot, green fat hen”,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chenopodium,murale, ,Nettle leaf goosefoot,,,,19% germ of fresh seed; seed stored dry for 5mths-2yrs increases germ the longer stored,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium,murale, ,Nettle leaved Goosefoot,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,murale,syn ,Nettle-leaved goosefoot,,,,”fields, gardens, orchards, roadsides, irrigation canals, waste ground.Plant leaves used as salad herb”,Widespread cosmopolitan weed,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Chenopodium,murale, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chenopodium,murale, ,”nettleleaf goosefoot, nettle leaved fathen “,,,,Chenopodium murale is a common annual herbaceous weed of 25 crops in 57 countries and is frequently reported a principal weed in wheat. It occurs over a wide range of latitudes (NZ to Sweden) and altitudes (the coast of Lebanon to the Bolivian Andes). I,originated in Eurasia ,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Chenopodium,murale, ,nettleleaf goosefoot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chenopodium,nitrariaceum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chenopodium,opulifolium,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chenopodium,opulifolium, ,Grey Goosefoot,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,paganum, ,Pigweed goosefoot,,,,fresh seed dormant; storage 3-5mths in moist sand/peat at 3C; or dry storage for over 2yrs high germ %; germ at 30C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium,paganum, ,pigweed goosefoot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chenopodium,paniculatum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chenopodium,paniculatum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Chenopodium,polyspermum, ,Many seeded goosefoot,,,,fresh seed dormant; storage 3-5mths in moist sand/peat at 3C or dry storage for over 2yrs increased germ % at 30C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium,polyspermum, ,Many seeded Goosefoot,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,polyspermum, ,Many seeded Goosefoot,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,polyspermum, ,Manyseeded goosefoot,,,,atrazine 1988 Germany Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,polyspermum, ,Manyseeded goosefoot,,,,triazines 1980 France , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,polyspermum, ,Manyseeded goosefoot,,,,triazines 1982 Switzerland Corn , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,polyspermum, ,manyseeded goosefoot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chenopodium,pratericola, ,narrowleaf goosefoot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chenopodium,pumilio,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chenopodium,rubrum, ,Red goosefoot,,,,”29% germ of fresh seed; dry storage at room temp for 5mth 100% germ, at 30C “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium,rubrum, ,Red Goosefoot,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,rubrum, ,Red Goosefoot,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,rubrum, ,red goosefoot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chenopodium,schraderanum, Chenopodium foetidum,,,,,light exposure increases germ %; germ % increased as proportion of red light increased,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium,strictum, ,,,,,28% germ of fresh seed; dry storage for 5mths at 3C or room temp increases germ %; but higher germ % in seed stored in moist peat at 3C for 3-5mths; dry stored for over 2yrs high germ %; germ at 30C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium,strictum, ,Late Flowering Goosefoot ,,,,glaucophyllum , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,strictum, ,Late Flowering Goosefoot ,,,,atrazine 1976 Canada Cropland , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,strictum, ,Late Flowering Goosefoot ,,,,”atrazine 1989 Czech Republic Corn, Sugarbeet”, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Chenopodium,suecicum, ,,,,,C. viride,”North & Eastern Europe inc Scandinavia, UK, Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,suecicum, ,,,,,C. viride,”North & Eastern Europe inc Scandinavia, UK, Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,urbicum, ,City goosefoot,,,,33% germ of fresh seed; dry stored seed at room temp for 2yrs germ 97% at 30C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium,urbicum, ,Upright Goosefoot,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,urbicum, ,Upright Goosefoot,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,urbicum, ,city goosefoot,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chenopodium,vulvaria,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chenopodium,vulvaria, ,Stinking Goosefoot,,,,,”All Europe, except, Eire, Norway & Northern Sweden”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chenopodium,vulvaria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chenopodium ,album, ,Common lambs quarters,,,,”very long dormancy period- more than 3yrs; broken by KNO3 treatment, washing, sulphuric acid treatment, or breaking seed coat; will germ under wide range of conditions once dormancy broken”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium ,ambrosioides, ,Mexican tea,,,,”storing seed in moist sand/peat at 3C for 3,4,or 5 mths increases germ; dry storage at room temp for 5mths -2yrs, longer the higher the germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chenopodium ,aristatum, ,,,,,92% germ of seed in darkness at 24.5C with 8hr light,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cnenopodium,mruale, ,Sowbane,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,?animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,8,9,12”,”Eur, Am, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Corispermum,hyssopifolium, ,Hyssop leaf tickseed,,,,”prechilling of moist seed at 3C for 1-3wks, then alt. temp 20-30C in dark”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Corispermum,hyssopifolium, ,hyssopleaf tickseed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Corispermum,marginale, ,,,,,”seeds, planted in field in late autumn of year collected, germ from mid-spring”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Corispermum,marschallii, ,,,,,,Eastern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Corispermum,marschallii, ,,,,,,Eastern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Corispermum,nitidum, ,,,,,,Eastern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Corispermum,nitidum, ,,,,,,Eastern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Corispermum,villosum, ,,,,,germ % increased by exposing moist seeds to winter temps,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cycloloma,atriplicifolium,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cycloloma,atriplicifolium, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cycloloma,atriplicifolium, ,winged pigweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Grayia,spinosa, ,,,,,58% germ with alt. temp of 20-30C in dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Halogeton,glomeratus, ,Halogeton ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Halogeton,glomeratus, ,Halogeton ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Halogeton,glomeratus, ,Halogeton,,,,”2 kinds of seed; brown seed produced 1st, black seed; 95-99% germ of black seed on moist filter paper, within 9-10hrs; brown seed dormant, but excised embryos germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Halogeton,glomeratus, ,Halogeton ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Halogeton,glomeratus, ,halogeton,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Halogeton,glomeratus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Kochia,scoparia,,kochia ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are non-native species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Monolepis,nuttalliana, ,Monolepis,,,,”seeds planted in field in the autumn of year of collection; 4% germ in following season, most germ by spring, but some germ occurred throughout the growing season; seeds of original planting continued to germ throughout the 5yrs of study”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Monolepis,nuttalliana, ,monolepis,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Monolepis,spathulata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Monolepis,spathulata, ,,,,,Region of origin - N Amer; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Monolepis,spathulata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Polycnemum,arvense, ,,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Polycnemum,arvense, ,,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Polycnemum,majus, ,,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Polycnemum,majus, ,,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Rhagodia,spinescens,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Salsola,australis, ,Common Russianthistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Salsola,collina, ,spineless Russian thistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Salsola,iberica, ,Russian Thistle,,,,chlorsulfuron 1987 USA Wheat , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Salsola,iberica, ,Russian thistle ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Salsola,iberica, ,Russian thistle,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Salsola,kali,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Salsola,kali,” var. tenuifolia Salsola kali, Salsola pestifer”,Russian thistle,,,,”seed tested within 1yr of harvest 44% germ with alt. light/dark at alt. 20-30C & 34% in dark, 15C with alt. light/dark gern 12%, 20C in dark 10% germ; no germ of fresh seed but with embryo excised, germ within 3days”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Salsola,kali, ,Prickly Saltwort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Salsola,kali, ,Russian tumbleweed,,,,”Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: roadsides, disturbed sites, riverbanks, riverbeds, in dry or somewhat saline areas”,Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Salsola,kali, ,Russian tumbleweed,,,,”Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: roadsides, disturbed sites, riverbanks, riverbeds, in dry or somewhat saline areas”,Origin: Asia,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Salsola,kali, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Salsola,kali, ,”buckbush, prickly saltwort, soft roly-poly, Russian thistle, Russian tumbleweed, saltwort, Russian cactus, tartor thistle”,,,,”Salsola kali, with the oft-used name tumbleweed, or Russian thistle, is one of our most interesting weeds. When mature, it may roll and tumble for hours as it spreads seeds in its path over flat or hilly country. It is a weed of more than 30 crops in 40 “,”Eur, Mediterranean Sea, C Asia, N & C Amer, Canada, Soviet Union, Australia, Afghanistan, Argentina, S Afr, Mexico”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Salsola,kali, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Salsola,kali var. tenuifolia, ,Russian thistle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Salsola,paulsenii, ,Barbwire Russianthistle ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Salsola,soda, ,Glasswort ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Salsola,soda, ,,,,,,Southern & Eastern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Salsola,soda, ,,,,,,Southern & Eastern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Salsola,vermiculata,,,terrestrial,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Salsola,vermiculata, ,Wormleaf Salsola ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Sarcobatus,vermiculatus, ,greasewood,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sclerolaena,bicornis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sclerolaena,birchii,”Anisacantha birchii, Bassia birchii”,”galvanised burr, blue burr, galvanised roly poly, Hermidale lucerne, Woolerino burr”,,LP,NSW; SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sclerolaena,birchii,” Anisacantha birchii, Bassia birchii”,”galvanised burr, blue burr, galvanised roly poly, Hermidale lucerne, Woolerino burr”,,,,”competes with useful pasture species & because of its spines, discourages grazing & hinders stock movement; as a pioneer plant it performs a useful function, preventing complete denudation & soil erosion of over grazed areas, acts as a colonising agent, t”,”native of semi-arid poplar box & cypress pine, shrub woodlands of Qld & NSW, fluctuate widely under the influence of seasonal conditions & land use”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Sclerolaena,birchii, ,Galvanised burr + N ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Sclerolaena,birchii, ,galvanised burr,,,,,,Weed Science List Sclerolaena,birchii, ,galvanised burr,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sclerolaena,calcarata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sclerolaena,muricata,”Anisacantha muricata, Bassia quinquecuspis”,”five-spined saltbush, black roly poly, electric burr, five-spined bassia, prickly roly poly, spiny roly poly”,,LP,Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sclerolaena,muricata,” Anisacantha muricata, Bassia quinquecuspis”,”five-spined saltbush, black roly poly, electric burr, five-spined bassia, prickly roly poly, spiny roly poly”,,,,has spread rapidly forming dense patches due to overgrazing of the semi-arid areas of Aust; its now considered a weed because it occupies pasture space & is grazed by sheep only when plants are very young; may be toxic to grazing animals due to high level,”native to semi-arid eastern Aust, it replaces more palatable plants when areas are overgrazed or weakened by drought, flooding or trampling”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Sclerolaena,muricata, ,five-spined saltbush,,,,,,Weed Science List Sclerolaena,muricata, ,five-spined saltbush,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Spinacia,oleracea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Suaeda,aegyptiaca, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Suaeda,aegyptyaca,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Suaeda,baccifera,,Annual Seablite,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Suaeda,baccifera, ,Annual Seablite,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 11”,”Euras, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Suaeda,baccifera, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Suaeda,fruticosa, ,Alkali seepweed,,,,”vegetative propagation by branches covered with shingle; low germ of seed, after 1mth 25% germ in water & 8% in 0.5% NaCl soln”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Suaeda,fruticosa, ,alkali seepweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Suaeda,linifolia,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Suaeda,maritima,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Suaeda,maritima, Chenopodina maritima,,,,,viability is low & dec. with high conc. of NaCl; after 1mth only 8% germ in tap water & 0% in higher salinities; no germ of seeds even with testa broken after 12wks in water; 87% germ when placed in germinator & exposed to temps prevailing outdoors,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Suckleya,suckleyana, ,poison suckleya,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chlorophyceae-Caulerpaceae Caulerpa,taxifolia,,algae,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Caulerpa,taxifolia,,algae,,P,,”Lower PlantThis invasive clone was apparently introduced into the Mediterranean Seafrom the Monaco Aquarium in 1984. It covered roughly one square yard in1984, spread to over 2 acres by 1989, and now covers over 10,000 acresextending from the shore to”, Exceptions Noted in Comments on Taxa sectionMediterranean Sea,Western Australian Prohibited List Chlorophyceae-Cladophoraceae Cladophora,spp.,,algae,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cladophora,spp. ,algae,cladophora,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Pithophora ,pithophora, ,algae,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chlorophyceae-Hydrodictyaceae Hydrodictyon,reticulatum,,algae,,,, , Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Hydrodictyon,spp. ,algae,hydrodictyon,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Chlorophyceae-Palmellaceae Aphanocapsa,spp. , ,a blue green algae,,,,vegetative propagation of terminal sections,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Chroococaceae Microcystis,toxica,,,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Microcystis,toxica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Microcystis,toxica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cichoriaceae Arnoseris,minima, ,Lamb's Succory,,,,,”All Europe, N Amer, Aust & NZ”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Arnoseris,minima,Compositae ,Lamb's Succory,,,,,”All Europe, N Amer, Aust & NZ”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cichorium,endivia, ,Endive,,,,,Medit Region,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Lapsana,communis, ,Nipplewort,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Reichardia,intermedia, ,,,,,Picridium intermedium,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Reichardia,intermedia,Compositae ,,,,,Picridium intermedium,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Reichardia,picroides, ,,,,,”Picridium vulgare, R. macrophylla”,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Reichardia,picroides,Compositae ,,,,,”Picridium vulgare, R. macrophylla”,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Reichardia,tingitana, ,,,,,Picridium tingitanum,”Spain, Portugal, Italy & Greece”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Rhagadiolus,stellatus, ,,,,,R. edulis,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Rhagadiolus,stellatus,Compositae ,,,,,R. edulis,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Urospermum,dalechampii, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Urospermum,dalechampii,Compositae ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Urospermum,picroides, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cistaceae Cistus,ladanifer, ,Gum Citrus ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cistus,psilosepalus,,Rock Rose,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cistus,psilosepalus, ,Rock Rose,,,,”Dispersal: Water. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: SW Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cistus,psilosepalus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cistus,sp.,,Rock Rose,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cistus,sp., ,Rock Rose,,,,Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,”Introduced deliberately from: Med and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Tuberaria,guttata,Helianthemum guttatum,,,,,”seed germ on moist sand in closed dishes in lab, some germ within few days of sowing & other hard seeds germ long after sowing; hard seeds scarified with fine sandpaper germ inc. after sowing”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cleomaceae Gyandropsis,gynandra,syn Cleome gynandra; Gyandropsis pentaphylla,Spider flower,,,,”fields, orchards, gardens, waste groundLeaves are edible as a green vegetable”,”Afr, Asia; introduced into New World”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Harungana,madagascariensis,,harungana,XS,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Clusiaceae Hypericum,androsaemum,,”tutsan, sweet amber”,HAX,NLP,Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypericum,androsaemum, ,Tutsan,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,animal external,.Water. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,7,8,13,14”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur,N Af,W As, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Hypericum,androsaemum, ,”tutsan, sweet amber”,,,,”introd as an ornamental sp. because of its attractive reddish foliage & bright yellow flowers; in Vic it grows densely in the Otway Ranges, the South Gippsland Hills, Dandenong Ranges & in the NE, particularly near Mansfield; in Tas, there are odd patches”,”native to W & E Eur, Asia Minor, & N Afr, not widely estab. throughout the world & is considered weedy only in Vic, NSW, & in NZ it grows on both islands & is viewed as a weed on relatively poor pasture country in several areas”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Hypericum,androsaemum, ,Tutsan,,,,,,Weed Science List Hypericum,androsaemum, ,Tutsan,,P,,”IDENTIFICATIONEvergreen/semi-evergreen shrub or subshrub to 1.5 m tall. Oval leaves, usually opposite, without a stalk, to 10 cm. Terminalflower bunches, pale yellow, Nov-Feb. Round fruit, to 1 cm, red becoming black. IMPACT TO BIOTA AND ECOSYSTEMSCap”,”HABITATSRocky and open streams, coastal areas and inshore islands, shrublands, rocklands, gumlands, steepland forest and mobileslopes, coastal forest in light gaps, roadsides, gravel pits, exotic plantations, rough pasture. Fairly common on roadsides,b”,Western Australian Prohibited List Hypericum,calycinum,,Large-fl. St Johns Wort,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypericum,calycinum, ,Large-fl. St Johns Wort,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,?Water,?Wind. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: ?”,”Introduced deliberately from: SE Eur,W As and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Hypericum,erectum, ,,,,,46% germ at 23C with 18 reps of 10 000 lux . lmin irradiations at 6hr intervals but a single irradiation of more than 2days required to obtain same germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Hypericum,grandifolium,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypericum,grandifolium, ,,,,,”Region of origin - Madeira, Canary Is.; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread ornamental”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Hypericum,humifusum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypericum,humifusum, ,,,,,,”UK, Eire, S Sweden, Central & Western Europe “,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Hypericum,humifusum,Guttiferae ,,,,,,”UK, Eire, S Sweden, Central & Western Europe “,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Hypericum,japonicum,”syn Hypericum chinense, Hypericum mutilum, Sarothra japonica”,,,,,”wet or marshy sites; ditches, stream banks to dry places, roadsides & roadbanks, terrace banks, sunny places; 0-3400m alt; sometimes abundant; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, as the plants are very weak & have superficial roots, “,”Asia, from Japan, S Korea & SE China to Ceylon; Aust, NZ, Hawaii; throughout Malesia & Indonesia, except the Moluccas & Lesser Sunda Islands, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Hypericum,linarifolium, ,,,,,seeds germ readily in lab in 6-8days; under lab conditions remain viable for 2yrs,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Hypericum,perforatum, ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Hypericum,perforatum,,"Common Name(s): St. John's Wort, Rosin rose, Tiptonweed","Avail nurseries, Usage : Low Level Invasive , Additional Comments : May poison livestock, introduced 1793 ""Perennial, 3-8 dm high, flowers numerous, yellow with black dots on margin, very leafy, opposite, simple, broad, less than 1 cm long leaves, r","Europe. Habitat: Meadows, forest openings, agricultural areas"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Hypericum,perforatum,,St. Johnswort common ,CLASS C WEED: Class C weeds are noxious weeds that are common throughout most of Washington. The following Class C weeds have been selected by the County Weed Board as priority weeds in King County and control is mandatory.,,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Hypericum,perforatum,var. angustifolium and probably other varieties,”St John's wort, goatweed, klamath weed, perfoliate St John's wort”,HXAXH,NL,WA; Vic; ACT; Tas; NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypericum,perforatum, ,Klamathweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Hypericum,perforatum, ,St Johns Wort,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,6,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur,W As, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Hypericum,perforatum, ,St. John's wort,,,,92% at 18-20C or alt. 20-30C in light on distilled water moistened filter paper after 7days,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Hypericum,perforatum, ,Perforate St. John's Wort,,,,”H. noeanum, H. veronense”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Hypericum,perforatum, ,”St John's wort, goatweed, Klamath weed, perfoliate St John's wort”,,,,,”has been recorded in all States except NT, only occurrence in Qld, on the E Darling Downs is believed to have been eradicated; most heavily infested areas now are on the C & S Tablelands & Slopes of NSW & in NE Vic; it is estimated to infest over 188 000h”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Hypericum,perforatum, ,St. John's wort ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Most invasive - widespread ,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Hypericum,perforatum, ,common St. John's wort,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Hypericum,perforatum, ,St John's wort,,,,”Declared Weed. Biocontrol: effective agents available Woody SpeciesInvades: mountain and lowland fynbos, old lands, orchardsCultivated for: “,”Origin: Europe, Asia & N Afr”,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Hypericum,perforatum, ,St John's wort,,,,”Declared Weed. Biocontrol: effective agents available Woody SpeciesInvades: mountain and lowland fynbos, old lands, orchardsCultivated for: “,”Origin: Europe, Asia & N Afr”,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Hypericum,perforatum, ,St John's wort,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Hypericum,perforatum, ,St. Johnswort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hypericum,perforatum, ,”St John's wort, Klamathweed, goatweed”,,P,,”Declared spp. under ARRPAUses for taxon:Materials: essential oils, lipids (for cosmetics fide Ency CNatIn) Medicines: folklore, potential as antiviral or antidepressive (fidePhytomedicine 2:67-71. 1995; Ency CNatIn) Vertebrate poisons: mamm”,”Algeria [north]; Tunisia; Morocco; widely introd. & natzd.; Spain [incl.Baleares, Canary Islands]; Portugal [incl. Azores, Madeira]; Greece[incl. Crete]; Italy [incl. Sardinia, Sicily]; France [incl. Corsica]; Switzerland; Austria; Hungary; Yugoslavia; N”,Western Australian Prohibited List Hypericum,punctatum, ,spotted St. Johnswort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Hypericum,quadrangulum, ,,,,,seeds placed in germinator soon after harvest exposed to temps similiar to those prevailing outdoors; 00% germ ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Hypericum,tetrapterum,,”St Peter's wort, square stemmed hypericum, square stemmed St John's wort, winged St John's wort”,X,LP,Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypericum,tetrapterum, ,Sq.-stem St Johns Wort,,,,Dispersal: animal external.Water. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,”Eur,W As,N Af, In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Hypericum,tetrapterum, ,”St Peter's wort, square stemmed hypericum, square stemmed St John's wort, winged St John's wort”,,,,”1st recorded in Vic in 1920, but its potential as a weed was not recognised until 1965; it occured along the Woori Yallock Creek in the Dandenong Ranges to the E of Melbourne, but in now known to exist along several other creeks in the area; generally con”,”native of Eur, W Asia, & N Afr, does not occur as a weed anywhere ex Vic & NZ, in both cases it is restricted to swampy areas & low-lying pastures”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Hypericum,tetrapterum, ,St Peter's wort,,,,,,Weed Science List Hypericum,tetrapterum, ,St Peter's wort,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hypericum,triquetrifolium,Hypericum crispum,”tangled hypericum, curled-leafed St John's wort, wavyleaf St John's wort”,X,LP,Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypericum,triquetrifolium, Hypericum crispum,”tangled hypericum, curled-leafed St John's wort, wavyleaf St John's wort”,,,,possibly poisonous to stock & may cause photosensitisation similar to St. John's wort; very competitive & where estab. in Vic it has eliminated most other vegetation,”originated in E Eur & the Medit region & is considered a weed of orchards, vineyards & field crops in part of this range, in Tunisia, Lebanon, Turkey & Greece; apart from these countries it is regarded as weedy only in Vicoccurs as a single patch of abou”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Hypericum,triquetrifolium, ,tangled hypericum,,,,,,Weed Science List Hypericum,triquetrifolium, ,tangled hypericum,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Hypericum,x inodorum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypericum,x inodorum,= H. androsaemum x H. hircinum,Tutsan,,P,,”Upright bushy shrub, deciduous or evergreen”,North west Spain to North west Italy and Corsicawidely naturalised including North Island New Zealand,Western Australian Prohibited List Hypericum,X moserianum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypericum ,perforatum,,”goatweed, St John's wort”,,,,WATCH LISTMay be a problem elsewhere; more information needed.,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Cobaeaceae Cobaea,scandens,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Colchicaceae Baeometra,uniflora,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Baeometra,uniflora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Gloriosa,superba,,”glory lily, climbing lily”,HXw,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gloriosa,superba, ,,,,,”Region of origin - Afr, Asia; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Gloriosa,superba, ,Glory Lily ,,,,Major WeedVINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Gloriosa,superba, ,Glory Lily ,,,,Major WeedGround Covers.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Combretaceae Combretum,apiculatum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Combretum,apiculatum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Combretum,hereroense, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Combretum,hereroense, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Combretum,paniculatum,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Quisqualis,indica,,Rangoon creeper,S,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Quisqualis,indica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Terminalia,catappa, ,India almond,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Terminalia,catappa,,tropical almond,,,,”Catergory II Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Commelinaceae Aneilema,japonica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aneilema,japonica, ,,,,,annual dominance ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Aneilema,japonica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Aneilema,keisak, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Aneilema,keisak, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Callisia,fragrans,,fragrant inch plant,S,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Callisia,fragrans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Callisia,fragrans,,”inch plant, spironema”,,,,”Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Callisia,repens,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Commelina,africana,,,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Commelina,africana, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Commelina,africana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Commelina,africana, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Commelina,benghalensis,,,terrestrial,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Commelina,benghalensis, ,”dayflower, hairy wandering jew”,,,,”Malaysia-Indonesia, vegetables, field crops”, Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Commelina,benghalensis,,”dayflower, hairy wandering jew, jio”,X,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Commelina,benghalensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Commelina,benghalensis,syn ,,,,,”in places less moist than those preferred by Commelina diffusa, in sunny or lightly shaded waste places, roadsides, between stones, always in fertile soils rich in humus; it can persist also in sandy or rocky soils & will grow rapidly when the rains start”,”trop Asia, pantropical & subtropical”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Commelina,benghalensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Commelina,coelestis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Commelina,communis, ,Day flower,,,,increased germ % with low temp treatment,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Commelina,communis, ,,,,,annual sub-dominance ,Shimane Upland Korea Upland Japan Miyagi ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Commelina,communis, ,,,,, ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Commelina,communis, ,dayflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Commelina,diffusa, ,”spreading dayflower, commelina”,,,,”tropical America, vegetables, fruit trees”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Commelina,diffusa, ,Spreading Dayflower,,,,”2,4-D 1957 USA Sugarcane “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Commelina,diffusa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Commelina,diffusa,syn Commelina nudiflora,,,,,”is more common than Commelina benghalensis; humic or clayey soils, continuously damp for at least part of the year; principal weed in banana plantations in C Amer; there seems to be a relationship between soil pH & distribution; in sunny or lightly shade”,”Asia, pantropical, also subtropical”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Commelina,diffusa, ,spreading dayflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Commelina,diffusa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Commelina,elegans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Commelina,elegans, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Commelina,gerrardii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Commelina,gerrardii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Commelina,kotschyi, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Commelina,kotschyi, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Commelina,latifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Commelina,latifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Commelina,longicaulis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Commelina,longicaulis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Commelina,salicifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Commelina,salicifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Commelina,subulata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Commelina,subulata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyanotis,axillaris, ,,,,, , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cyanotis,axillaris,syn ,,,,,”humid meadows, shallow ditches & borders, humid parts of teak forest, old brickwalls; more common in areas with a longer dry season; occurs from 10-250m alt; flowers from Jul-Dec in Java; flowers open only once for a few hours; gogo rancah rice fields, a “,”Asia, pantropical”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyanotis,cristata,syn ,,,,,”prefers a long dry spell, but occurs also in areas with a weak dry season; usually on stony or hard, rather shaded places, like roadsides, old walls, rocks, terrace walls, lawns, gardens & tree boles; occurs from 10-250m alt. but in Java from 0-1000m alt;”,”Asia, pantropical”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyanotis,papilionaceae, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyanotis,papilionaceae, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyanotis,villosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyanotis,villosa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Dichorisandra,thyrsiflora,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Dichorisandra,thyrsiflora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Floscopa,palustris, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Murdannia,blumei,”syn Aneilema blumei, Aneilema hamiltonianum”,,,,,”humid & marshy sites, in ditches & shallow pools; from 0-750m alt; flowers open only for a few hours, then wilt; rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, Commelinaceae”,”SE Asia, Java”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Murdannia,keisak,,, Peidmont and mountains & valleys in Virginia,,"Alien Invasive plants in Virginia: Virginia Native Plant Society, Weed" Murdannia,keisak,,Asian spiderwort,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Murdannia,nudiflora,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Murdannia,nudiflora, ,,,,, , ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Murdannia,spirata,syn Aneilema spiratum,,,,,”along water edges, along & in shallow drains, lawns & other wet sunny sites; locally abundant; in W & C Java 15-1370m alt; flowers open during late forenoon & early afternoon; rainfed & upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, inW Java consumed as “,”SE Asia, India, W Malesia, Java”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Rhoeo,spathacea,= Tradescantia spathacea,”boat lily, oyster plant”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Rhoeo,spathacea, = Tradescantia spathacea,oyster plant,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Tradescantia,albiflora,T. fluminensis,wandering jew,HXHXXXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tradescantia,albiflora, ,Wandering Jew,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative/Water. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 5,6,7,8,13,14”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Am and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Tradescantia,albiflora, ,Wandering Creeper ,,,,Major WeedGROUNDCOVERS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Tradescantia,albiflora, ,Wandering Creeper ,,,,Major WeedGround Covers.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Tradescantia,albiflora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tradescantia,crassifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tradescantia,crassifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Tradescantia,fluminensis, ,white flowered wandering jew,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Tradescantia,fluminensis,,white-flowered wandering jew,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Tradescantia,spathacea,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tradescantia,spp., ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Tradescantia,zebrina,Zebrina pendula,”inch plant, wandering jew”,w,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tradescantia,zebrina, ,Striped Wandering Creeper,,,,Ground Covers.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Zebrina,pendula, ,Striped Wandering Creeper ,,,,GROUNDCOVERS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Zebrina,pendula, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Convalliaraceae Polygonatum,biflorum, ,,,,,32% germ in dark at 20-25C during period of 9-14days & 13% in diffuse light during 9-146 days,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Convolvulaceae Argyreia,nervosa,,elephant creeper,E,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Argyreia,nervosa, ,elephant creeper,,P,,”dispersed by bower birds, pers comm, Waterhouse, B”,,Western Australian Prohibited List Calonyction,muricatum, ,small moonflower,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Calystegia,hederacea, ,,,,, , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Calystegia,japonica, ,,,,,perennial sub-dominance , Upland Korea Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Calystegia,sepium, ,Hedge Bindweed,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Calystegia,silvatica,,greater bindweed,H,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Calystegia,silvatica, ,Greater Bindweed,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Vegetative. Life Form: Vine. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6,8,9,”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Eur, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Calystegia,silvatica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Convolvulus,aegyptius, ,hairy morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Convolvulus,althaeoides, ,Mallow Leaved Bindweed,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Convolvulus,althaeoides, ,Mallow Leaved Bindweed,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Convolvulus,althaeoides,syn ,,,,,”widespread weed within coastal Medit. region in barley fields, olive & fig orchards, & along roadsides.”,Medit.,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Convolvulus,arvensis,,bindweed field ,"WEED OF CONCERN: Control and containment of existing populations of these noxious weeds is strongly encouraged in King County, Washington State.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Convolvulus,arvense, ,Field bindweed ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Convolvulus,arvensis,,”field bindweed, bindweed, cornbine, European bindweed, field morning glory, lesser bindweed, morning glory, small-flowered morning glory, wild morning glory”,XXXX,NL,Vic; SA; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Convolvulus,arvensis, ,Field Bindweed ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Convolvulus,arvensis, ,Field bindweed,,,,”germ on moistened filter paper in petri dishes at 20 (16hrs)-30C(8hrs); seeds hard at end of 5 day period, placed in conc. sulfuric acid 1 hr, rinsed 30min in running water then return to filter paper at 20-30C for 7days”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Convolvulus,arvensis, ,Field Bindweed,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Convolvulus,arvensis, ,Field bindweed,,,,”2,4-D 1964 USA “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Convolvulus,arvensis, ,”field bindweed, bindweed, cornbine, European bindweed, field morning glory, lesser bindweed, morning glory, small-flowered morning glory, wild morning glory”,,,,”occurs in all Aust States except the NT; it is well estab. throughout NSW, causing problems in summer crops on the C & N Western Slopes; it is of very local imprt in Vic & in SA occurs mainly in town areas, vineyards, orchards & horticultural crops; wides”,”native of Eur, Asia & N Afr, has spread to most temp areas & is regarded as one of the most imprt weeds of the world; considered a significant weed of 32 crops in 44 countries, including some within its native range; introd to N Amer, now a major weed of “,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Convolvulus,arvensis, ,bindweed,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Convolvulus,arvensis, ,Field bindweed * ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Convolvulus,arvensis,syn ,Lesser bindweed,,,,”one of the most widespread and persistent weeds in fields, gardens, roadsides, hedges, orchards, waste grounds etc.In folk medicine the plant is used as a febrifuge & is one of the best purgatives. Leaves used externally as a vulnerary”,”cosmopolitan, especially in subtrop. to temp. regions”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Convolvulus,arvensis, ,”field bindweed, bindweed”,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Convolvulus,arvensis, ,field bindweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Convolvulus,arvensis, ,”field bindweed, bindweed”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Convolvulus,sepium, ,Hedge bindweed,,,,”germ on moistened filter paper in petri dishes at 20 (16hrs)-30C(8hrs); seeds hard at end of 5 day period, placed in conc. sulfuric acid 1 hr, rinsed 30min in running water then return to filter paper at 20-30C for 7days”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Convolvulus,sepium, ,hedge bindweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Convolvulus,spp., ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Convolvulus,tricolor,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Convolvulus,tricolor, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Convolvulus,tricolor, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Convolvulus,tricolor, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cuscuta,americana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,americana, ,,,P,,All Cuscuta spp. are banned by AQIS except C. campestris and C. australis,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cuscuta,approximata, var. ureolata ,,,,,”prechilling of moist seed at 3C for 2-3wks, then treat with conc. sulfuric acid 5-15min; germ at 60F”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cuscuta,approximata, ,Clustered dodder ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Cuscuta,approximata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,approximata, ,,,P,,All Cuscuta spp. are banned by AQIS except C. campestris and C. australis,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cuscuta,campestris, ,Golden Dodder,,,,Dispersal: Water. Life Form: Perennial herba(Annual). RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,”Am, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cuscuta,campestris,,golden dodder,XX,L,WA; NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cuscuta,campestris, ,Field dodder,,,,”65% within 4 days with treat of conc. sulfuric acid 80min, then germ at 60 F”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cuscuta,campestris, ,Field dodder,,,,sulfonylureas 1994 Israel Forest , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Cuscuta,campestris, ,common dodder,,,,”Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: a wide range of habitats, particularly riverbanks and other moist sites.”,Origin: N & S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Cuscuta,campestris, ,common dodder,,,,”Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: a wide range of habitats, particularly riverbanks and other moist sites.”,Origin: N & S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Cuscuta,campestris, ,Golden dodder N ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mo”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Cuscuta,campestris, ,Golden dodder,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,campestris, ,”dodder, field dodder, angel's hair, common dodder, strangle vine”,,,,Cuscuta campestris is one of the most widely distributed in man's crops and is one of the most troublesome. ,Chile and Argentina to Canada in the Americas and from the Cape of Good Hope almost to the Arctic in the Old World.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Cuscuta,campestris, ,field dodder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cuscuta,campestris, ,Golden dodder,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cuscuta,cephalanthi, ,,,,,seed dry stored 3-4mths or 13mths treated with conc. sulfuric acid 15-75min good germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cuscuta,coryli, ,hazel dodder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cuscuta,epilinum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,epilinum, ,flax dodder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cuscuta,epilinum, ,,,P,,All Cuscuta spp. are banned by AQIS except C. campestris and C. australis,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cuscuta,epithymum,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cuscuta,epithymum, ,Clover dodder ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Wildland weeds of lesser invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Cuscuta,epithymum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,epithymum, ,”cuscuta, European dodder, clover dodder, “,,,,Cuscuta epithymum is one of the most widely distributed weeds in man's crops.,Chile and Argentina to Canada in the Americas and from the Cape of Good Hope almost to the Arctic in the Old World.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Cuscuta,epithymum, ,,,,,,,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Cuscuta,epithymum, ,clover dodder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cuscuta,europaea, ,,,,,seeds germ readily at 27C after being stored immediately after harvest for 3mths in moist peat at 0C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cuscuta,glomerata, ,composite dodder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cuscuta,gronovii, ,Swamp dodder,,,,”good germ of seed dry stored at room temp for 2-4yrs, then treated with conc. sulfuric acid for 30min”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cuscuta,gronovii, ,swamp dodder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cuscuta,indecora, ,Large seed dodder,,,,”treat 30min with conc. sulfuric acid, then germ at 60F, untreated seed no germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cuscuta,indecora, ,Large seeded dodder N # ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”, Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Movement prohibited on roads (Section 52(2) applies) Entry into South Australia prohibited (Sectio,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Cuscuta,indecora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,indecora, ,largeseed dodder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cuscuta,indecora, ,,,P,,All Cuscuta spp. are banned by AQIS except C. campestris and C. australis,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cuscuta,lupuliformis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,lupuliformis, ,,,P,,All Cuscuta spp. are banned by AQIS except C. campestris and C. australis,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cuscuta,maroccana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,maroccana, ,,,P,,All Cuscuta spp. are banned by AQIS except C. campestris and C. australis,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cuscuta,monogyna, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,monogyna, ,,,P,,All Cuscuta spp. are banned by AQIS except C. campestris and C. australis,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cuscuta,occidentalis, Cuscuta californica,,,,,60% germ of 49 yr old seed after treating for 10min with conc. sulfuric acid ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cuscuta,palaestina, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,palaestina, ,,,P,,All Cuscuta spp. are banned by AQIS except C. campestris and C. australis,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cuscuta,pedicellata,syn C. arabica,Clover dodder,,,,”fields, roadsides; a well-known parasite on clover & other spontaneous plants”,”Medit, Eur, W Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Cuscuta,pentagona, Cuscuta arvensis,,,,,20% germ of 51 yr old seed after treating with conc. sulfuric acid for 50min; light has benefical effect on germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cuscuta,pentagona, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,pentagona, ,,,P,,All Cuscuta spp. are banned by AQIS except C. campestris and C. australis,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cuscuta,planiflora,,Dodder,Xw,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cuscuta,planiflora, ,,,,,Region of origin - Medit; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - seed contaminant probably,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Cuscuta,planiflora, ,Dodder,,,,”Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Perennial herba(Annual). RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,9,11”,”Med, In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cuscuta,planiflora, ,Red dodder N ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Cuscuta,planiflora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,planiflora, ,smallseed dodder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cuscuta,polygonorum, ,polygonum dodder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cuscuta,racemosa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cuscuta,racemosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,racemosa var. chiliana, ,Chilean dodder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cuscuta,reflexa, ,Giant Dodder ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cuscuta,reflexa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,reflexa, ,,,P,,All Cuscuta spp. are banned by AQIS except C. campestris and C. australis,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cuscuta,sandwichiana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,sandwichiana, ,Sandwich dodder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cuscuta,sandwichiana, ,,,P,,All Cuscuta spp. are banned by AQIS except C. campestris and C. australis,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cuscuta,spp, ,Dodder ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cuscuta,spp.,,”dodder, beggar vine, love vine, strangleweed”,,L,Vic; SA; WA; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cuscuta,spp., ,”dodder, beggar vine, love vine, strangleweed”,,,,”dodders have a wide range of host plants including a number of weeds; in Aust C.campestris has been recorded on more than 80 hosts, the most common of which are smartweeds, Polygonum sp, & burrs, Xanthium spp; of commerical crops it has been noted on luce”,”although some species of dodder are native to Afr, Aust, NZ, Asia & Eur most originate in the Americas from Canada to Arg; C. campestris is native of both the E & W coasts of the USA, the West Indies & S Amer; of all dodders, C. campestris is probably the”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cuscuta,spp., ,,,P,,All Cuscuta spp. are banned by AQIS except C. campestris and C. australis,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cuscuta,suaveolens,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cuscuta,suaveolens, ,,,,,30yr old seed germ by treating with conc. sulfuric acid for 60-100min,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cuscuta,suaveolens, ,lucerne dodder,,,,”Proposed Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: a wide range of habitats, particularly riverbanks and other moist sites.”,Origin: N & S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Cuscuta,suaveolens, ,lucerne dodder,,,,”Proposed Declared WeedHerbaceous SpeciesInvades: a wide range of habitats, particularly riverbanks and other moist sites.”,Origin: N & S Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Cuscuta,suaveolens, ,Chilean dodder N ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Cuscuta,suaveolens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cuscuta,umbellata, ,umbrella dodder,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cuscuta,spp.,,,parasitic other than native or widely distributed species,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Dichondra,micrantha,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Dichondra,repens var. carolinensis, ,dichondra,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Evolvulus,nummularis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,alba,,moon flower,Xw,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,alba, ,,,,,Region of origin - trop Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Ipomoea,alba, ,Moon Flower ,,,,VINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Ipomoea,alba, ,moonflower,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: forest, woodland, wasteland, riverbanks, wetlands, coastal dunesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: tropical Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ipomoea,alba, ,moonflower,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: forest, woodland, wasteland, riverbanks, wetlands, coastal dunesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: tropical Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ipomoea,alba, ,White Morning Glory,,,,Vines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Ipomoea,alba, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,aquatica,,,aquatic,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Ipomoea,aquatica, ,”swamp morning glory, water spinach, kangkong”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Ipomoea,aquatica, ,swamp morning glory,,,, , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Ipomoea,aquatica, ,”pink convolvulus, potato-vine, creeping swamp, morningglory, swamp morningglory”,,,,”Ipomoea aquatica is a marginal, creeping, perennial aquatic weed that may spread over the surface of a pond or of an irrigation or drainage ditch. It interferes with fisheries, impedes water flow and is a troublesome weed of rice and other crops. It is “,Distribution: extends from the tropics well into the warm temperate zone.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Ipomoea,aquatica, ,swamp morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,aquatica*,,water spinach,,,,”Catergory I Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.*P =Prohibited by Flo”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Ipomoea,barbigera, ,southern morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,batatas,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,batatas, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,blepharosepala, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,blepharosepala, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ipomoea,cairica,,”coastal or five leaf morning glory, mile a minute”,XHXXX,NL,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,cairica, ,Five-Leaved Morning Glory,,,,Vines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Ipomoea,cairica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,cairica, ,Cairo morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,calobra, ,weir vine,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ipomoea,carica, ,Five-leaved Morning Glory ,,,,Major WeedVINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Ipomoea,carnea,(no ssp. in SA),,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,carnea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,coccinea, ,scarlet morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,congesta, ,morning glory,,,,”Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: woodland, wasteland, arable land, roadsides, riverbanks, coastal dunesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: tropical Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ipomoea,congesta, ,morning glory,,,,”Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: woodland, wasteland, arable land, roadsides, riverbanks, coastal dunesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: tropical Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ipomoea,congesta, ,blue morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,cordofana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,cordofana, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ipomoea,cynanchifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,cynanchifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ipomoea,fistulosa, ,tree morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,hardwickii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,hardwickii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ipomoea,hederacea,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,hederacea, ,Ivy leaf morning glory,,,,fresh seed germs 48% in light at 23C; on a powered charcoal substrate 100% germ in dark at 23C & 70% in light; 2yr old seed germ % high,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Ipomoea,hederacea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,hederacea, ,ivyleaf morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,hederacea, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ipomoea,hederifolia,,Red convolvulus,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,hederifolia, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Ipomoea,hederifolia, ,Red convolvulus,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,hederifolia, ,Red convolvulus,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ipomoea,hirsutula, ,woolly morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,indica,,purple or blue morning-glory,HHXX,GL,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,indica, ,Purple Morning-glory,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Vine. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,5,8,9”,”Introduced deliberately from: pantropical, In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Ipomoea,indica, ,Blue Morning Glory ,,,,Major WeedVINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Ipomoea,indica, ,Blue Morning Glory,,,,Major WeedVines.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Ipomoea,indica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,lacunosa, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Ipomoea,macrantha, ,,,,,”, sweet potato, coconut seedlings”,French Polynesia; Kiribati; Marshall Islands; American Samoa; Western Samoa Tokelau; Tuvalu,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Ipomoea,mauritiana,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,mauritiana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,mauritiana, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ipomoea,nil,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,nil, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,obscura, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,obscura, ,small white morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,ochracea,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,pandurata,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,pandurata, ,bigroot morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,pes-caprae, ,beach morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,pes-tigridis,,,HH,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,pes-tigridis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,purpurea,,common morning glory,XXX,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,purpurea, ,Common Morning Glory ,,,,Major WeedVINES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Ipomoea,purpurea, ,morning glory,,,,”Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: woodland, wasteland, arable land, roadsides, riverbanks, coastal dunesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: tropical Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ipomoea,purpurea, ,morning glory,,,,”Herbaceous SpeciesInvades: woodland, wasteland, arable land, roadsides, riverbanks, coastal dunesCultivated for: ornament”,Origin: tropical Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ipomoea,purpurea, ,Common morning glory,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,purpurea, ,tall morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,purpurea, ,Common morning glory,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ipomoea,quamoclit,,Cupid's flower,HHw,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,quamoclit, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Ipomoea,quamoclit, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,quamoclit, ,cypressvine morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,sp., Ipomoea calobra (misapplied),weir vine,,,,”is confined to a small area of red soils in S Qld, esp. in the Maranoa Dist. between Roma & St George”,native to Qld,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Ipomoea,sp., (I. calobra),weir vine,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,spp.,Ipomoea calobra (misapplied),weir vine,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,spp., ,,,,, Seed Impurities , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Ipomoea,stolonifera, ,seafoam morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,trichocarpa, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Ipomoea,trichocarpa var. torreyana, ,cotton morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,tricolor, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,tricolor,syn I. rubro-caerulea,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ipomoea,trifida, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,trifida, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ipomoea,triloba,,pink convolvulus,HH,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ipomoea,triloba, ,Three lobe morning glory,,,,52% germ of seed planted in moist sand 2wks after collection,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Ipomoea,triloba, ,Pink convolvulus,,,,,,Weed Science List Ipomoea,triloba, ,,,,,perennial sub-dominance , ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Ipomoea,triloba,syn ,,,,,”in sunny sites in bushes, thickets, hedges, grasslands, waste places, occasionally on the foreshore; from 0-1000m alt; flowers throughout the year; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, the flowers close before noon”,”tropical Amer, pantropical; throughout Indonesia, except Kalimantan, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Ipomoea,triloba,,,terrestrial,,"Federal Noxious Weeds List, USA" Ipomoea,triloba, ,”pink convolvulus, potato-vine, three-lobed morningglory”,,,,Ipomoea triloba is a fast-growing herbaceous plant which is troublesome in a more than 40 of man's crops and is a weed in more than 40 countries.,”native to tropical Amer, but is now widespread in the tropical areas of the world.”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Ipomoea,triloba, ,threelobe morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ipomoea,triloba, ,Pink convolvulus,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ipomoea,violacea, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Jacquemontia,sandwicensis, ,beach jacquemontia,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Jacquemontia,tamnifolia, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Jacquemontia,tamnifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Jacquemontia,tamnifolia, ,smallflower morningglory,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Jacquemontia,tamnifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Merremia,aegyptia,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Merremia,dissecta,,noyau vine,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Merremia,dissecta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Merremia,hederacea, ,,,,, , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Merremia,quinquefolia,,”Merremia, merremia vine”,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Merremia,quinquefolia, ,”Merremia, merremia vine”,,,,,,Weed Science List Merremia,quinquefolia, ,”Merremia, merremia vine”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Merremia,tuberosa,,wood rose,E,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Merremia,tuberosa, ,wood rose,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Merremia,tuberosa,,wood-rose,,,,”Catergory II Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Rivea,corymbosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Rivea,corymbosa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Stichocardia,tiliifolia, ,,,,,”, “,French Polynesia; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Turbina,corymbosa,,turbina,XS,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Calystegia,japonica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Calystegia,japonica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Merremia,peltata, ,,,,,”, gardens, plantations, pasture, foresty”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Fed. States of Micronesia; Guam; New Caledonia; Niue; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu; Wallis & Futuna,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Cornaceae Cornus,capitata,,evergreen dogwood,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cornus,capitata, ,,,,,Region of origin - Himalayas; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Cornus,capitata, ,Evergreen Dogwood,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal,?animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 6”,”Introduced deliberately from: Himalaya and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cornus,drummondii, ,roughleaf dogwood,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cornus,florida, ,flowering dogwood,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cornus,nuttalii, ,Pacific dogwood,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cornus,racemosa, ,gray dogwood,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Cornus,rugosa, ,roundleaf dogwood,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cornus,stolonifera, ,redosier dogwood,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cornus,torreyi, ,western dogwood,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Garrya,elliptica, ,tree silktassel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Garrya,flavescens var. buxifolia, ,boxleaf silktassel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Garrya,fremontii, ,Fremont silktassel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Nyssa,aquatica, ,water tupelo,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Nyssa,sylvatica, ,blackgum,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Nyssa,var. biflora, ,swamp tupelo,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Corylaceae Betula,alleghaniensis, ,yellow birch,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Betula,lenta, ,sweet birch,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Betula,nigra, ,river birch,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Betula,occidentalis, ,water birch,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Betula,papyrifera, ,paper birch,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Betula,populifolia, ,gray birch,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Carpinus,caroliniana, ,American hornbeam,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Corylus,americana, ,American hazel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Corylus,cornuta, ,beaked hazel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Corylus,var. californica, ,California hazel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ostrya,virginiana, ,eastern hophornbeam,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Corynocarpaceae Corynocarpus,laevigatus, ,karaka nut,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Craspedophyceae-Acanthoecaceae Corbicula,spp.,,Microplankton,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Crassulaceae Aeonium,arboreum,,”tree aenium, “,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aeonium,arboreum, ,,,,,Region of origin - Canary Islands; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Aeonium,castello-paivae,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aeonium,haworthii,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Aeonium,haworthii, ,,,,,Region of origin - Teneriffe; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Bryophyllum,beauverdii,,,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bryophyllum,beauverdii, ,,,,,Region of origin - Madagascar; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Bryophyllum,daigremontianum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bryophyllum,daigremontianum,x B. tubiflorum,,,L,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bryophyllum,delagoense,B. tubiflorum,mother of millions,H,L,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bryophyllum,delagoense, ,Mother of Millions,,,,Trees/Shrubs.,,”Rainforest Weeds, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Bryophyllum,diagremontianum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bryophyllum,fedtschenkoi,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bryophyllum,fedtschenkoi, ,,,,,Region of origin Madagascar; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Bryophyllum,pinnatum,Kalanchoe pinnatum,”live plant, live leaf”,XX,L,NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bryophyllum,pinnatum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bryophyllum,proliferum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bryophyllum,proliferum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bryophyllum,tubiflora, ,Mother of Millions ,,,,GROUNDCOVERS.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Bryophyllum,tubiflorum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cotyledon,orbiculata,,”cotyledon, pig's ear”,HX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cotyledon,orbiculata,,”cotyledon, pig's ear”,XX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cotyledon,orbiculata, ,Cotyledon,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative,Wind. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cotyledon,orbiculata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crassula,alata,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crassula,alata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crassula,ciliata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crassula,ciliata, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Crassula,decumbens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crassula,ericoides,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crassula,ericoides, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Crassula,glomerata,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crassula,glomerata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crassula,multicava,,Crassula,XS,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crassula,multicava, ,Crassula,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,5,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Crassula,multicava, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crassula,muscosa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crassula,natans,,Crassula,XH,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crassula,natans, ,Crassula,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,?animal (not bird), internal,Water. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 9,11”,”S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Crassula,natans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Crassula,sarmentosa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crassula,sarmentosa, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Crassula,spathulata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crassula,spathulata, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Crassula,tetragona,,Crassula,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crassula,tetragons, ,Crassula,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5,12,”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Crassula,thunbergiana,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Crassula,thunbergiana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Graptopetalum,paraguayense,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Kalanchoe,lateritia,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Kalanchoe,longiflora,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Kalanchoe,longiflora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Kalanchoe,pinnata, ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Kalanchoe,pinnata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Kalanchoe,spp., ,kalanchoe,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Penthorum,sedoides, ,ditch stonecrop,,,,52% germ of seed in 18days in diffuse light at 20-25C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sedum,acre,,stonecrop,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sedum,acre, ,stonecrop,,,,,,Weed Science List Sedum,acre, ,mossy stonecrop,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sedum,caespitosum,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sedum,dendroideum,,Sedum,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sedum,dendroideum, ,Sedum,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 5,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: Mex and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Sedum,fosterianum,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sedum,fosterianum, ,,,,,Region of origin - W Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Sedum,praealtem,S. dendroideum ssp. praealtum,sedum,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sedum,praealtum, ,Sedum,,,,”Dispersal: Vegetative. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,5,8,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: Mex and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Sedum,purpureum, ,liveforever,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sedum,reflexum,,yellow stonecrop,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sedum,reflexum, ,,,,,Region of origin - Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental ,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Sedum,sediforme,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sedum,sexangulare,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sedum,sp.,,Stonecrop,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sedum,sp., ,Stonecrop,,,,”Dispersal: Water. Life Form: Succulent herb, subshrub or shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8”,”Introduced deliberately from: ? and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Sedum,telephium, ,,,,,95% germ of seed in 1st spring after collection; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sedum,telephium, ,Orphine,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Sedum,telephium, ,Orphine,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cucurbitaceae Acanthosicyos,naudinianus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Benincasa,hispida,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bryonia,alba, ,White bryonia ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Bryonia,alba,, white bryony," Possible Weed of Forest, Riparian and Disturbed Habitats.",,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Citrullus,lanatus, ,Wild Melon,,,,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,”trop & S Af, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Citrullus,colocynthis,”Colocynthis vulgaris, Cucumis colocynthis”,”colocynth, bitter apple, wild watermelon”,XHX,NL,Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Citrullus,colocynthis, ,Colocynth,,,,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,”N Af. SW As, In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Citrullus,colocynthis, ,,,,,removal of testa necessary; germ at 28C in dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Citrullus,colocynthis,” Colocynthis vulgaris, Cucumis colocynthis”,”colocynth, bitter apple, wild watermelon”,,,,”it is claimed to be poisonous to stock & deaths have been attributed to it in Aust, but not confirmed; fruit yields a drastic purgative, probably a glycoside, colocynthis; it has large taproots allowing it to survive long periods of drought & once estab. “,”native of northern Afr to W Asia, it has spread to & become weedy in India, Pakistan, the Soviet Union & Aust;occurs in all mainland States of Aust, mainly on floodplains or disturbed soils of the drier inland & usually occurs as scattered plants more th”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Citrullus,colocynthis, ,colocynth,,,,,,Weed Science List Citrullus,lanatus,”Citrullus vulgaris, Colocynthis citrullus, Cucurbita citrullus”,”wild melon, bitter melon, afghan melon, bastard melon, bitter apple, camel melon, mickey melon, pie melon”,XXXX,L,Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Citrullus,lanatus, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Citrullus,lanatus,” Citrullus vulgaris, Colocynthis citrullus, Cucurbita citrullus”,”wild melon, bitter melon, afghan melon, bastard melon, bitter apple, camel melon, mickey melon, pie melon”,,,,”grows in dense stands & would be assumed to deplete the soil of considerable water & nutrients; in some areas it competes strongly with pastures; the plant emits an unpleasant odour when crushed, is rarely consumeb by stock although the fruit, in spite of”,”native of trop & southern Afr, it has estab. in the semi-arid areas of several countries including Asia, N & S Amer, NZ & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Citrullus,lanatus, ,”wild melon, bitter melon”,,,,,,Weed Science List Coccinia,grandis,,ivy gourd,X,L,WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Coccinia,grandis, ,Ivy gourd,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Coccinia,grandis, ,Ivy gourd,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Coccinia,grandis, ,”Ivy gourd, scarlet-fruited gourd”,,,,”tropical America, roadsides”, Fiji; Guam; Tonga; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Coccinia,grandis, ,ivy gourd,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Cucumis,anguria,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cucumis,anguria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cucumis,dipsaceus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cucumis,dipsaceus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cucumis,dipsaceus, ,wild spiny cucumber,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cucumis,maxima, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cucumis,melo,,”rockmelon, melon”,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cucumis,melo, ,var. dudaim Dudaim Melon ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cucumis,melo, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cucumis,metuliferus,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cucumis,metuliferus, ,African horned cucumber,,,,Only considered a serious weed in Australia,,Weed Science List Cucumis,metuliferus, ,Only considered a serious weed in Australia,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cucumis,myriocarpus,,”paddy melon, prickly paddy melon, gooseberry cucumber”,XXXX,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cucumis,myriocarpus, ,Paddy Melon ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cucumis,myriocarpus, ,Paddy Melon,,,,”Dispersal: Water,?animal (not bird), internal. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,9”,”Sn Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cucumis,myriocarpus, ,”paddy melon, prickly paddy melon, gooseberry cucumber”,,,,”is a summer growing annual herb; fruit is bitter & acts as an emetic, it is claimed to be poisonous to stock but losses are rare, although reported from NSW more frequently than elsewhere”,native of southern Afr,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cucumis,myriocarpus, ,”paddy melon, prickly paddy melon”,,,,,,Weed Science List Cucumis,pepo, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cucumis,zeyheri,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cucurbita,digitata, ,fingerleaf gourd,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cucurbita,foetidissima, ,buffalo gourd,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cucurbita,maxima,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cucurbita,pepo,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ecballium,elaterium,Momordica elaterium,”squirting cucumber, spitting cucumber”,X,NL,Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ecballium,elaterium, ,squirting cucumber,,,,,,Weed Science List Ecballium ,elaterium, Momordica elaterium,”squirting cucumber, spitting cucumber”,,,,”it is not grazed by stock, but it is suspected of blinding horses if the ejected fluid from the fruit enters the eye; the plant, particularly the fluid within the almost ripe fruit, contains terpene compound,. elaterin, sometimes known as cucubitacin E, e”,”native of southern Eur, now occurs in several temp areas of the world & is considered an imptrt weed in Israel, Jordon, Tunisia, Lebanon & Morocco”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Echinocystis,lobata, ,Wild cucumber,,,,seed dormant when shed; prechilling in moist peat at 5-10C inc. germ%; after-ripening & germ varied 2wks-6mths,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Echinocystis,lobata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Echinocystis,lobata, ,wild cucumber,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Echinocystis,lobata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Echinocystis,oregona, ,western wild cucumber,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Lagenaria,siceraria,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Lagenaria,siceraria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Momordica,balsamina, ,balsamapple,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Momordica,charantia, ,”bitter gourd, balsam pear”,,,,”, field crops, low vegetation”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Marshall Islands; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Tonga; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Momordica,charantia,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Momordica,charantia, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Momordica,charantia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Momordica,charantia, ,”balsam pear, balsam apple”,,,,”Momordica charantia is an annual creeping or climbing, herbaceous vine with a strong, foul odor. It is a weed in 22 crops in over 50 countries and is frequently reported in sugarcane, and other plantation crops. “,”native to the old world tropics, but is now a weed in the tropical and subtropical regions in most of Latin America, all of Asia and parts of Afr. “,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Momordica,tuberosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Momordica,tuberosa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Sechium,edule,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sechium,edule, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sicyos,angulatus, ,Burcucumber,,,,”plants grown in greenhouse, seeds germ in sand, seedlings transferred to potting soil”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Sicyos,angulatus, ,burcucumber,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cupressaceae Callistris,columellaris,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Callistris,robusta,C. gracilis,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Callitris,endlicheri,,black cypress pine,H,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Callitris,endlicheri, ,Black Cypress Pine,,,,Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,”Introduced deliberately from: Vic,NSW,Qld and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Callitris,glaucophylla,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Callitris,hugelii, ,blue cypress pine,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Callitris,rhomboidea,,Oyster Bay pine,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Callitris,rhomboidea, ,Oyster Bay Pine,,,,”Dispersal: Wind. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5”,”Introduced deliberately from: Vic,NSW,Qld,SA,Tas and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Callitris,verrucosa,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chamaecyparis,lawsoniana, ,Port Orford cedar,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cupressus,glabra,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cupressus,glabra, ,,,,,Region of origin - Arizona; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Cupressus,lusitanica,,Arizona cypress,XS,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cupressus,lusitanica, ,Arizona Cypress,,,,”Dispersal: ?Water,Wind. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8”,”Introduced deliberately from: N Am and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cupressus,macrocarpa,,Monterey cypress,HXS,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cupressus,macrocarpa, ,,,,,Region of origin - California; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Cupressus,macrocarpa, ,Montery Cypress,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1,4,12”,”Introduced deliberately from: Cal and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cupressus,macrocarpa, ,Monterey cypress,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Cupressus,sempervirens,,Italian cypress,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cupressus,sempervirens, ,Italian Cypress,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Not a threat (but may have a negative visual impact). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Eur, W As and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Juniperus,ashei, ,Ashe juniper,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Juniperus,communis, ,common juniper,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Juniperus,deppeana, ,alligator juniper,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Juniperus,horizontalis, ,creeping juniper,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Juniperus,monosperma, ,oneseed juniper,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Juniperus,occidentalis, ,western juniper,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Juniperus,osteosperma, ,Utah juniper,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Juniperus,pinchotii, ,redberry juniper,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Juniperus,scopulorum, ,Rocky Mountain juniper,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Juniperus,silicicola, ,southern redcedar,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Juniperus,sp.,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Juniperus,spp., ,,,,,”seeds dry stored; viability tested by soaking seeds 48hrs in several changes of water, then planting 5-10cm deep in soil in flats in greenhouse; seedlings recorded up to 9mths after planting; 54% for 45yr old J. osteosperma”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Juniperus,virginiana,,eastern redcedar ,Birds eat berries and spread seeds.,,Noxious Invasive Vegetation of the Willamette Valley: Native Plant Society of Oregon. weed Juniperus,virginiana,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Juniperus,virginiana, ,,,,,Region of origin - eastern N Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Juniperus,virginiana, ,red or pencil cedar,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: grasslands, riverbanks, rocky outcropsCultivated for: ornament, shelter, shade”,Origin: N Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Juniperus,virginiana, ,red or pencil cedar,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: grasslands, riverbanks, rocky outcropsCultivated for: ornament, shelter, shade”,Origin: N Amer,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Juniperus,virginiana, ,eastern redcedar,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Libocedrus,decurrens, ,incense cedar,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Thuja,occidentalis, ,northern white cedar,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Thuja,orientalis, ,oriental arborvitae,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Thuja,plicata, ,western redcedar,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cyatheaceae Cyathea,cooperi, ,Cooper's cyathea,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Cyathea,cooperi, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Sphaeropteris,cooperi,Cyathea cooperi,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cycadaceae Cycas,spp.,,”zamia, tree zamia, zamia palm, cycads, nut palm, dwarf sago”,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cycas,spp., ,”zamia, tree zamia, zamia palm”,,,,raw seeds are acutely poisonous & young leaves can be quite toxic,”Asia, the Pacific Is. PNG, & northern Aust”“broad band through moderate rainfall belt in central & northern Qld, NT & northern WA”““,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cyperaceae Bulbostylis,barbata,syn ,,,,,”open,dry & sandy palces, often near the sea, dunes, fields, savannahs, on any dry cultivated land; from 0-1000m alt, usually below 500m; the whole plant turns reddish on drying; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”unknown, pantropical, also in the southern USA; throughout Indonesia, except Kalimantan & Sulawesi, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Bulbostylis,puberula, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bulbostylis,puberula, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Bulbostylis,striatella,,,S,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bulbostylis,striatella, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised - spreading; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Bulbpstylis,puberula,”syn Fimbristylis puberula, Scirpus puberulus, Stenophyllus puberulus”,,,,,”sandy, open places at low altitudes, often near the sea; locally abundant; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, pubescene of the stem is variable”,”unknown, tropical Asia & afr, rarely in W Malesia; in Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Madura & Kalimantan, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Carex,albo-nigra, ,,,,,”dormant at harvest, broken by scarification of achenes on basal end”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Carex,albula,,New Zealand hair sedge,X,NL,Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,aquatilis, ,water sedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Carex,arenaria,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,arenaria, ,,,,,Region of origin - Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Carex,atherodes, ,sugargrass sedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Carex,buchananii, ,New Zealand sedge,,,,at least 3 species have been planted on Tasmanian roadsides & parklands & at least 1 is now naturalised in clearings of a eucalypt forest in the south east,native of NZ occurring on both main islands from mountain areas to coast,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Carex,buchananii, ,New Zealand sedge,,,,,,Weed Science List Carex,buchananii, ,New Zealand sedge,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Carex,buxbaumii,,New Zealand sedge,,L,Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,comans,Carex albula ,New Zealand sedge,,LP,Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,comans, Carex albula ,New Zealand sedge,,,,,native of NZ occurring on both main islands from mountain areas to coastat least 3 species have been planted on Tasmanian roadsides & parklands & at least 1 is now naturalised in clearings of a eucalypt forest in the south east,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Carex,comans, ,New Zealand sedge,,,,,,Weed Science List Carex,comans, ,New Zealand sedge,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Carex,demissa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,disticha,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,divisa,,divided sedge,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,divisa, ,New Zealand sedge,,,,,,Weed Science List Carex,divulsa,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,ebenea, ,,,,,dormant at harvest; fluorescent or red light effective in breaking dormancy,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Carex,eurycarpa, ,widefruit sedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Carex,flacca,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,flacca, ,,,,,”vegetative reproduction via rhizomes; dormancy of 9-12 mths but remain viable for 5yrs; germ on damp filter paper in petri dish in cool greenhouse, germ slow 6-8wks before seed coat burst & germ occurs”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Carex,flagellifera,,New Zealand sedge,,LP,Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,flagellifera, ,New Zealand sedge,,,,,native of NZ occurring on both main islands from mountain areas to coastat least 3 species have been planted on Tasmanian roadsides & parklands & at least 1 is now naturalised in clearings of a eucalypt forest in the south east,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Carex,flagellifera, ,New Zealand sedge,,,,,,Weed Science List Carex,flagellifera, ,New Zealand sedge,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Carex,kobomugi,,, Coastal in Virginia,,"Alien Invasive plants in Virginia: Virginia Native Plant Society, Weed" Carex,kobomugi, ,Asiatic sand sedge,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Carex,lacustris, ,ripgut sedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Carex,lanceolata, ,,,,, , Miyagi ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Carex,lasiocarpa var. latifolia, ,bull sedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Carex,lepidocarpa,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,lepidocarpa, ,,,,,Region of origin - Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Carex,lupulina, ,hop sedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Carex,muricata,”syn Carex stellulata auct. non Goodenough, Carex pairaei F.W. Schultz”,rough sedge,,P,,”Infra specific taxa in the C. muricata group. (Source Tropicos 3)C. muricata V. Krecz. (sensu) C. muricata var. americana L.H. Bailey, 1886C. muricata var. angustata (J. Carey in A. Gray) Gleason, 1952 C. muricata subsp. cephalantha (L.H. Bailey) R.”,”Origin Ecuador (see map in Flora of North America listing)also found in Ontario, Massachusetts and Utah (see Tropicos 3 record for map of Utah)”,Western Australian Prohibited List Carex,nebraskensis, ,Nebraska sedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Carex,nervata, ,,,,,annual sub-dominance , Miyagi Oita ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Carex,nubigera, ,,,,, , Niigata ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Carex,ovalis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,pilulifera,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,pilulifera, ,,,,,Region of origin - Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Carex,punctata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,punctata, ,,,,,Region of origin - Eur; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Carex,scoparia,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,scoparia, ,,,,,Region of origin - N Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Carex,senta, ,rough sedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Carex,spp., ,,,,,”seeds germ at once or soon after harvest, seeds exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Carex,spp., ,New Zealand sedges,,,,,,Weed Science List Carex,testacea,,New Zealand sedge,X,LP,Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Carex,testacea, ,,,,,Region of origin - NZ; Extent of spread localised ; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Carex,testacea, ,New Zealand sedge,,,,,native of NZ occurring on both main islands from mountain areas to coastat least 3 species have been planted on Tasmanian roadsides & parklands & at least 1 is now naturalised in clearings of a eucalypt forest in the south east,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Carex,testacea, ,New Zealand sedge,,,,,,Weed Science List Carex,testacea, ,New Zealand sedge,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cladium,jamaicense, ,sawgrass,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cladium,mariscoides, ,smooth sawgrass,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cladium,mariscus, ,,,,,vegetative propagation,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cladium,procerum,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Courtoisina,cyperoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Courtoisina,cyperoides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,aggregatus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,albostriatus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,albostriatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,alopecuroides,syn Juncellus alopecuroides,Foxtail sedge,,,,”Nile and canal banks, drains, swamps, ditches, rice fields, standing water reservoirs”“Cultivated in some regions of the Nile Delta, in Fayoun cultivated in limited areas for making mats & chairs”““,”trop. Afr, SE Asia, West Indies”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Cyperus,alternifolius, ,Umbrella flatsedge,,,,”97% germ with temp & light alt. (20C in dark for 16hrs, 30-35C in light for 8hrs) 2 mths after harvest”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cyperus,alternifolius, ,umbrella flatsedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cyperus,alternifolius,,umbrella plant,,,,”Catergory II Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Cyperus,amabilis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,amabilis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,arenarius,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,arenarius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,armuricus, ,,,,,annual dominant weed in crops , Upland Korea ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cyperus,aromaticus,”Cyperus melanospermus, Kyllinga elata, Kyllinga monocephala, Kyllinga monophyllya, Kyllinga polyphlla”,Navua sedge,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,aromaticus, ,,,,,Region of origin - trop Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Cyperus,aromaticus,” Cyperus melanospermus, Kyllinga elata, Kyllinga monocephala, Kyllinga monophyllya, Kyllinga polyphlla”,Navua sedge,,,,”extremely aggressive & unpalatable plant, capable of smothering many trop. pasture species; usually confined to wetter low lying pastures & waste places; produces an abundance of seed”,”native to trop Afr, Madagascar, Mauritius & Seychelles; introd Sri Lanka, the Malay Peninsula & a number of SW Pacific Is. includ Fiji, Vanuatu, Samoa, Solomons & Tahiti”“introd to northern Qld, now found in several parts of Hambledon, Mulgrave & Babinda “,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cyperus,aromaticus, ,Navua sedge,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,aromaticus, ,Navua sedge,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,articulatus,syn ,,,,,”canal banks, drains, lakes, marshesPlant is locally used in Egypt formaking mats; rhizomes are used as incense & retain their fragrant smell for a long time.”,”trop. & subtrop. Afr, Asia N & S Amer”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Cyperus,articulatus, ,jointed flatsedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cyperus,babakan,”syn Cyperus babakensis; Cyperus pilosus var. babakansis, Cyperus pilosus babakensis”,,,,,”swamps, open forests; up to 100m alt; lowland-irrigated & lebak rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”unknown, from India& Assam to Indochina, Malesia;throughout Indonesia except the Lesser Sunda Islands & the Moluccas, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,brevifolius,,Mullumbimbi couch,H,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,brevifolius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,brevifolius, ,,,,, Weeds of sown grassland ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cyperus,brevifolius,syn Kyllinga brevifolia,,,,,”sunny or partly shaded wetlands, along roads, grasslands, damp forest clearings, riverbanks, plantations, up to 1500(-3000)m alt; most troublesome from 750-2000m; rainfed, gogo rancah & rims of lebak rice fields, sometimes troublesome, sometimes used as f”,”Asia, pantropical & subtropical; widely distributed in Malesia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,brevifolius, ,mullum bimby couch,,,,Cyperus brevifolius is most often found in around lowland rice fields. It is a reported weed of 17 crops in 43 countries.,tropical and subtropical regions around the world.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Cyperus,cephalotes,syn ,,,,,”in floating islands of Pistia, Salvinia etc, in ponds or rivers, up to 100m alt; lebak rice fields; the corky tissue acts as a floater, a weed of minor importance, “,”Asia, from India to China & tropical Aust; rare in Malesia; in Indonesia: Java, Kalimantan & Irian Jaya, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,compactus,”syn Cyperus dilutus, Mariscus compactus, Mariscus dilutus, Mariscus microcephalus”,,,,,”wet sites, swamps, soggy grasslands, pools, coastal marshes, ditches, riverbanks; up to 500m alt. (rarely up to 1000m); often gregarious & conspicuous because of the reddish brown inflorescences; rainfed & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”Asia, India to S China & Taiwan, throughout Malesia, mostly common; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,compressus,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,compressus, ,,,,,seeds dormant at harvest; prechilling at 10C between layers of moist cotton; germ alt. temp of 20C in dark & room temp in light; seed dry stored for over 7mths 71% germ & 95% after 26mths storage,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cyperus,compressus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,compressus, ,,,,, ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cyperus,compressus,syn ,,,,,”common weed of open grasslands, waste places, roadsides, premises, seashores; lowlands, rarely up to 1000m alt; rainfed & upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, African specimens sometimes have conspicuously purple-spotted glumes, as in Cyperus s”,”Asia, pantropical; common in Malesia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,concinnus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,congestus,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,congestus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,cyperoides,”syn Cyperus sieberianus, Cyperus umbellatus, Mariscus cyperoides, Mariscus sieberianus, Mariscus umbellatus, Scirpus cyperoides”,,,,,”open to lightly shaded grasslands, old clearings, secondary forests, roadsides, thickets; often a common weed in gardens; up to 2000m alt; upland rice fields, troublesome weed at higher altitudes, “,”old world tropics, tropics & subtropics of Afr, Asia, Pacific & Aust; intro in the West Indies; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,diandrus, ,low flatsedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cyperus,difformis, ,Smallflower Umbrella Sedge ,,,,bensulfuron 1993 USA Rice , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Cyperus,difformis, ,Smallflower Umbrella Sedge ,,,,bensulfuron 1994 Australia Rice , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Cyperus,difformis,syn ,,,,,”a characteristic weed in rice fields, also along canal banks & ditches”,”Medit, trop. & subtrop. Afr & Asia; introduced into N Amer”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Cyperus,difformis, ,rice flatsedge,,,,annual dominance , Thailand Taiwan Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cyperus,difformis,syn ,,,,,”flooded or very wet soils; open soggy grasslands, pools, riverbanks, often associated with C. halpan, C. iria & C. sanguinolentus; usually scattered, but often becoming dominant; prefers fertile soils, but can also grow in poor, sandy or clayey soils; can”,”tropics of the Old World, tropics & subtropics of the Old World, from S Eur to Japan; from India to the Pacific, Aust, & Malesia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,difformis, ,smallflower umbrellaplant,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cyperus,digitatus,syn Mariscus sieberianus var. evolutior,,,,,”open. wet places, swamps, riverbanks; up to 800m alt; rainfed & lebak rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”Asia?, pantropical, rare in tropical Afr; Malesia; throughout Indonesia, except the Lesser Sunda Islands”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,distans,syn ,,,,,”moist or wet sites; swamps, along water courses, grassy roadsides, pastures,open places in secondary forest; up to 1800m alt; scattered or in groups; lowland-irrigated, rainfed, & upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, found in the lowlands (0-30”,”unknown, pantropical & subtropical; common in Malesia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,dubius,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,dubius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,elatus,syn ,,,,,”a weed of minor importance, “,”Asia, India to Malesia; in Indonesia but not found in the Moluccas & Irian Jaya as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,eragrostis,,”umbrella sedge, umbrella grass, drain flat-sedge”,HXH,L,WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,eragrostis, ,Drain Flat-sedge,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,?Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,9,10,13”,”N&S Am, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cyperus,eragrostis, ,”umbrella sedge, umbrella grass, drain flat-sedge”,,,,”it blocks channels & drains & competes with pasture in low-lying, moist areas & with rice in some districts; very persistent once established; stock graze it only sparingly & its presence reduces carrying capacity”,”native of N & S Amer & has become a widespread weed in temp. areas of Eur, S Afr, NZ & Austintrod to Aust & is widespread throughout all temp areas”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cyperus,eragrostis, ,”umbrella sedge, umbrella grass”,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,eragrostis, ,tall umbrellaplant,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cyperus,eragrostis, ,”umbrella sedge, umbrella grass”,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,erythrorhizos, ,Redroot flatsedge,,,,seed dormant at harvest; prechilling moist seeds at 10C for periods ranging 12-32wks; germ at alt. temp of 20C in dark & room temp in light; dry stored seed max germ of 72% after 1 yr storage,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cyperus,erythrorhizos, ,redroot flatsedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cyperus,esculenta, ,Yellow nutsedge ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Cyperus,esculentus,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,esculentus,,nutsedge yellow ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are non-native species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Fimbristylis,umbellaris,,globular fimbristylis,"rice, pastures; swamps",,"Northern Australian Quarantine Service, Target Weeds" Cyperus,esculentus, ,,,,,Serious tropical weed,,Behrendt & Hanf “Grass Weeds In World Agriculture” Cyperus,esculentus, ,Yellow Nutsedge ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cyperus,esculentus, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Cyperus,esculentus, ,Yellow nutsedge,,,,”vegetative propagation of tubers; seed dormant for up to 1mth, dry storage for several mths or moist at 10C broke dormancy; germ 16hrs dark at 20C & 8hrs light at 35C, moistening with 0.2% soln of KNO3 or treating with conc. sulfuric acid inc. germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cyperus,esculentus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,esculentus, ,yellow nutsedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cyperus,esculentus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,f. humilis, ,dwarf white kyllinga,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cyperus,flavescens,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,flavescens, ,,,,,”freshly harvested seed dormant; prechilling moist seed at 10C for 15wks; germ at alt. temp of 20C in dark & room temp in light; dry stored seed for 5mths germ 31%, 80% for 27mths storage”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cyperus,flavescens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,flavidus,”syn Cyperus flavescens, Cyperus globosus, Cyperus junghuhnii, Pycreus globosus, Pycerus globosus var. nilagiricus”,,,,,”open, wet sites; swamps, grassy lands, watesides, etc; rare in the lowlands, goes up to 2100m (in Irian Jaya up to 2800m); irrigated rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”tropical Afr or Asia, from tropical Afr to the Medit region, through C & S Asia to Aust; rather common in Malesia, but so far not known from the Malay Peninusla & Kalimantan”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,flavus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,fuscus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,fuscus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,gymnocaulos,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,hakonensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,hakonensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,halpan,syn Cyperus haspan,,,,,”open, very wet places, lowland & up to 1900m alt; found at the top of Mount Agung, Bali at 3150m alt; lowland-irrgated, rainfed, lebak, & tidal rice fields, although it is common, this weed is of minor importance, a subspecies Cyperus halpan subsp. juncoi”,”unknown, tropics & subtropics of the whole world; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,hamulosus,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,hamulosus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,haspan, ,sheathed cyperus,,,,Cyperus haspan is most often found in around lowland rice fields. It is a reported weed of 12 crops in 39 countries.,tropical and subtropical regions around the world.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Cyperus,hermaphroditus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,hermaphroditus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,imbricatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,imbricatus, ,,,,, , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cyperus,imbricatus,syn Cyperus radiatus,,,,,”open, wet places, swamps, river banks; at low altitudes, rarely up to 900m; lebak rice fields, a weed of minor importance, in the Philippines the outer stem parts are stripped off & used for making mats”,”Asia, pantropical, widely distributed in Malesia; in Indonesia, not yet recorded from the Moluccas”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,imbricatus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,involucratus,,,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,involucratus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,iria,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,iria, ,Rice flatsedge,,,,”freshly harvested seed dormant; prechilling moist seed at 10C or dry storage at room temp for 2.5mths or longer germ 38%; supplying light, moistening withKNO3 soln & alt. temp of 20-30 inc. germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cyperus,iria, ,,,,,”annual dominance, sub-dominance “, Upland Korea Upland Japan Thailand Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cyperus,iria,syn ,grasshopper's sedge,,,,”open, wet places; waste grounds, ditches, river banks; up to 700m alt. (rarely up to 1200m); all kinds of rice fields, but not a problem in upland rice fields, one of the three most important weeds of rice inCeylon, India & the Philippines; a principal we”,”Asia, widely distributed in tropical & subtropical Asia from Iran, Afghanistan, China & Japan to the S Pacific & Aust, W & E Afr; introd in the USA & W Indies; common in Malesia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,iria, ,rice flatsedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cyperus,kyllingia,”syn Cyperus monocephalus, Kyllinga monocephalus”,,,,,”slightly shaded or not too sunny & not too dry sites, wastelands, roadsides, grasslands, gardens, coffee estate, secondary forest; at low & medium altitudes, rarely up to 1700m; upland & rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, a cattle fodder in “,”Asia, tropics & subtropics of Asia, less common in tropical Afr & Aust, rare in tropical Amer; widely distributed in Malesia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,kyllingia, ,white kyllinga,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cyperus,kyllingia, ,white kyllinga,,P,,”Weed of turf, not known to be in WAIn: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 19666 refs in CAB extracts, see file in “Climate” folder”,Northern and the extreme SE corner of QLD,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,laevigatus,syn Juncellus laevigatus,Tawny sedge,,,,”canal banks, around wells & springs, moist saline soils”,”Afr, including the oases of the Sahara, N Medit, many trop. & subtrop. regions of the world”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Cyperus,longus,syn ,Rough cyperus,,,,”Nile and canal banks, moist groundRhizomes are aromatic & are used for scenting. Their decoction is diuretic & is used in the treatment of rheumatism”,”Medit, W & C Eur, trop. Afr, W & C Asia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Cyperus,longus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,longus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,luzulae, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,luzulae, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,malaccensis,”syn Cyperus tegetiformis, Cyperus tegetum”,,,,,”moist places; muddy river estuaries, sandy foreshores; often forming a dense fringe vegetation; often in brackish water; subcoastal; tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, stems are used for making mats & baskets; in Philippines stems are used for”,”Asia, from Mesopotamia through India to S China, N Aust & Polynesia; common in Malesia; thoroughout Indonesia, except the Lesser Sunda Islands & the Moluccas”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,maritimus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,maritimus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,metzii,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,microiria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,microiria, ,,,,, , Upland Japan Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cyperus,microiria, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,obtusiflorus, ,,,,,seeds dormant at harvest; prechilling at 10C for 3 days; germ seeds by planting on soil surface,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cyperus,odoratus, ,,,,,seeds dormant at harvest; prechilling moist seed at 10C for 10wks; germat alt. temp of 20C in dark & room temp in light; dry stored seed germ % inc. with time,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cyperus,odoratus,”syn Cyperus ferox, Mariscus ferox, Torulinum ferox”,,,,,”wet sites, marshes, riverbanks, usually at low altitudes, 6-200m; a few records from 1900-2100m (Lombok Island); lowland irrigated rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”unknown, warmer regions of the whole world; throughout Malesia, but nowhere common; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,ovularis, ,,,,,seeds dormant at harvest; prechilling moist seed at 10C for 10-33wks; germ at alt. temp at 20C in dark & room temp in light; dry stored seed still needs prechilling at 10C for 8-32wks,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cyperus,papyrus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,papyrus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,pilosus,syn ,,,,,”open wet sites, swamps, grasslands, border of water courses; up to 1500m alt; lowland-irrigated, lebak & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”Asia, from C Asia to Japan & tropical Aust; rare in tropical W Afr; common & often abundant all over Malesia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,platystylis,syn ,,,,,”very wet sites; swamps, swinging bogs; usually below 500m alt, rarely up to 1000m alt; lowland-irrigated & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”SE Asia, fromIndia to Taiwan, Malesia, Qld, NSW; rare in Malesia, not in the Philippines; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,polystachyos,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,polystachyos, var. texensis ,,,,,”seeds dormant at harvest; prechilling moist seed at 10C for 10-28wks; germ at alt. temp at 20C in dark & room temp in light; dry stored seed 46% germ after 14mths, & 18% 24 mths after harvest”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cyperus,polystachyos, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,polystachyos, ,,,,, Weeds of sown grassland ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cyperus,polystachyos,”syn Cyperus odoratus, Pycreus polystachyos, Rycreus odoratus”,,,,,”wet places, moist grasslands, borders of water courses, roadsides, also on salty mud along the sea; up to 1800m alt; lowland-irrigated rice fields, a weed of minor importance, very variable in size & density of the inflorescence; the ones with very lax in”,”Asia, Asia, Aust, Malesia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,procerus, ,,,,, , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cyperus,procerus,syn Cyperus ornatus,,,,,”open, very moist or wet sites; swamps, pools, often near the sea in brackish water; lowland, up to 250m alt; lowland-irrigated & rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, the Malesian form represents Cyperus procerus var. lasiorrachis which has sca”,”unknown, from India to Indochina & E China, Taiwan, southwards to Qld; in Malesia rather rare; in Indonesia: Java, Kalimantan & the Lesser Sunda Islands”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,prolifer,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,prolifer, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,prolifer,,dwarf papyrus,,,,”Catergory II Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Cyperus,pulcherrimus,syn ,,,,,”Open, moist or wet areas; swamps, pool; up to 750m alt; lowland-irrigated, lebak & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”SE Asia, from India, Thailand, Indochina; up to 750m alt; lowland-irrigated, lebak & tidal rice fields”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,pulcherrrimum, ,,,,, , Upland Korea Upland Japan Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cyperus,pumilus,”syn Cyperus nitens, Pycreus nitens, Pycreus pumilus”,,,,,”open, moist to rather dry sites; fields, moist pastures, sugar-cane plantations, often on sand; up to 600m alt; lowland-irrigated & rainfed rice fields; not common, a weed of minor importance, “,”Asia, Indochina, S China, Taiwan, Qld, scattered in Malesia; varieties in Amer & Afr; throughout Indonesia except Irian Jaya, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,pygmaeus,syn Juncellus pygmaeus,,,,,”desiccated pools & ditches, muddy riverbanks; up to 700m alt; rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”Asia, Medit area; E Afr, from the Middle East through S & SE Asia to Aust, very rare in Malesia, a few localities in the Philippines, in Indonesia: Java, Suamtra, Sulawesi & Irian Jaya”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,reflexus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,reflexus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,rigens,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,rigens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,rigidifolius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,rigidifolius, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,rotundus, ,”nutgrass, nutsedge, purple nutsedge”,,,,”tropical America, gardens, field crops”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Fed. States of Micronesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tokelau; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Wallis & Futuna,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Cyperus,rotundus,,”nutgrass, nut sedge, purple nutgrass, purple nutsedge, red grass, red nutgrass, water grass”,XXH,NLP,Vic; SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,rotundus, ,,,,,Serious tropical weed,,Behrendt & Hanf “Grass Weeds In World Agriculture” Cyperus,rotundus, ,Purple Nutsedge ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Cyperus,rotundus, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Cyperus,rotundus, ,Purple nutsedge,,,,vegetative propagation of tuber; seeds dormant at maturity up to 7-8yrs; dormancy broken by heating seed to 40C on moist substratum for 3-6wks; germ alt. temp 20C in dark 30C in light,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cyperus,rotundus, ,”nutgrass, nut sedge, purple nutgrass, purple nutsedge, red grass, red nutgrass, water grass”,,,,invasive & aggressive competitor with agric. crops; densities of over 500 plts/sq.m recorded; smothers virtually all other plants as well as removing large amounts of moisture & nutrients,”originated in India & northern & eastern Australia; worlds worst weed; troublesome in 52 crops in 92 countries; present throughout Asia, Pacific Is, Afr, S Amer & Middle East, NAmer, & Mex”“occurs in all Aust states ex. Tas, only serious weed of Qld & nor”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Cyperus,rotundus, , ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Need more information on invasiveness,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Cyperus,rotundus, ,Nutgrass * ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Movement prohibited on roads (Section 52(2) applies)”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Cyperus,rotundus,syn ,”Nut-grass, Purple nutsedge”,,,,”fields, gardens, lawns, moist ground”“Tubers are used in folk medicine as a sedative, diuretic, carminative, stimulant, tonic, aphrodisiac & stomachic”““,”Medit, W & C Eur, trop. Afr, widespread in many torp. & subtrop. regions of the world”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Cyperus,rotundus, ,nutgrass,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,rotundus, ,purple nutsedge,,,,perennial sub-dominance , ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cyperus,rotundus,syn ,”nutgrass, purple nutsedge, nutsedge”,,,,”sunny to lightly shaded localities, in gardens, lawns, along roads, waste places; can hardly stand salt; at low & medium altitudes, up to 1800m; gogo rancah & upland rice fields, Cyperus rotundus is one of the world's worst weeds; when the rice fields run”,”India, warmer parts of the whole world, widely distributed; very common in Malesia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,rotundus, ,purple nutsedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cyperus,rotundus, ,nutgrass,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,sanguinolentus,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,sanguinolentus,”syn Cyperus eragrostis, Pycreus eragrostis, Pycreus snaguinolentus”,,,,,”wet, open palces, swamps, soggy grasslands; up to 3000m alt; locally abundant; lowland-irrigated, rainfed & tidal rice fields, important weed in rice, apart from the typical one (subsp. sanguinolentus) with 3 stamens, three other subsp. have been recogniz”,”Eastern hemishpere, warmer parts of the eastern hemisphere, tropical Afr, from the Black Sea through C & E Asia to Japan & Aust; often common in Malesia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,serotinus, ,,,,,”perennial dominance, sub-dominance “, Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Cyperus,sesquiflorus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,sesquiflorus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,sphacelatus,syn ,,,,,”grasslands, often a weed on airstrips; low altitudes; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, but might become noxious; spreads fast, resembles Cyperus tenuiculmis, but the latter is a perennial with remote (not imbricate) glumes, linear anthers, “,”tropical Afr or Amer, tropical Afr & tropical Amer; introd in S India, Aust, Tahiti, Malesia, New Britian; first collected in N Sumatra in 1922; spread throughout Indonesia except Sulawesi & the Lesser Sunda Islands, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,strigosus, ,False nutsedge,,,,seeds dormant at harvest; prechilling at 10C for 10-25 wks; germ 20C in dark & room temp in light; 90% germ after dry storage at room temp for 7mths,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cyperus,strigosus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,strigosus, ,false nutsedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cyperus,strigosus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,tegetum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,tegetum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cyperus,tenellus,,Tiny Flat-sedge,XH,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,tenellus, ,Tiny Flat-sedge,,,,”Dispersal: animal external,Water,?Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 2,4,9”,”S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Cyperus,tenellus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,tenuiflorus,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,tenuiflorus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,tenuispica,syn Cyperus flavidus,,,,,”very wet open places; up to 500m alt; lowland- irrigated & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”E Asia, warm regions of the eastern hemisphere; tropical Afr, from India to S China & S Japan, from Malesia to tropical Aust; scattered in Malesia; throughout Indonesia, except Kalimantan & Irian Jaya, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Cyperus,tuberosus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,tuberosus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyperus,var. gracilis, ,slender umbrella flatsedge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cyperus,virens, Cyperus pseudovegetus,,,,,seeds dormant at harvest; prechilling at 2C for 10-29wks; germ alt. temp of 20C in dark & room temp in light; dry stored seed 95% germ after 8.5mths,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Cyperus,vorsteri,,cyperus,S,G,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Cyperus,vorsteri, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Eleocharis,acicularis, ,,,,,”perennial dominance, sub-dominance “, Taiwan Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Eleocharis,acicularis,syn Scirpus acicularis,,,,,”open, damp or wet places on very wet, sandy soils at 900m alt; in Luzon in rice fields at 1450m; lowland-irrigated & rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, the Malesian plants belong to E. acicularis var. longiseta, with 3-4 bristles distinctly “,”northern hemisphere, widely distributed in N Amer, throughout Eur & northern Asia, Japan, Korea, extending south to the Ryukyu Islands, Yunnan, Annam, Taiwan, a northern element in Malesia & the Philippines; in Indonesia: so far found around Lake Toba in “,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Eleocharis,acicularis, ,slender spikerush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eleocharis,acutangula,”syn Eleocharis fistulosa, Scripus acutangulus”,,,,,”open, wet places, swamps; at low altitudes, up to 800m;lowland-irrigated & rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”SE Asia, widely distributed, but nowhere common in the Old & New World & the Afr tropics, Taiwan, Japan & tropical Aust; scattered in Malesia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Eleocharis,afflata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eleocharis,afflata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eleocharis,atropurpurea,syn Scirpus atrronpurpureus,,,,,”wet, soggy grassland; in W Java form 90-250m alt; Lowland-irrigated rice fields, a weed of minor importance, resembles E. geniculata, but of smaller stature, with more delicate, white, glossy-transparent bristles & more prominent glume-keels, which give t”,”tropical Asia, tropics of the Old & New World, also in the USA; in Eur: Italy & Switzerland, in tropical Aust, very rare in Malesia; in Indonesia: Java, Sumatra & Irian Jaya, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Eleocharis,calva, ,,,,,”6% germ of seed stored in water at 1-3C for 7mths, then 40 days in germinator(2-quart jars of tap water placed in diffuse light on a greenhouse bench)”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Eleocharis,cellulosa, ,gulfcoast spikerush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eleocharis,chaetaria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eleocharis,chaetaria, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eleocharis,congesta,”syn Eleocharis afflata, Eleocharis japonica, Eleocharis pellucida; Scirpus afflatus”,,,,,”shallow water, inundated & marshy places, ditches; up to 2800m alt; more common in W than in E Java; lowland-irrigated & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, in the axil of the lower glumes a plantule can be formed, which becomes free-floating o”,”E Asia, SE Asia, E Asia, from India to China & Japan; throughout Indonesia, except the Moluccas & Irian Jaya”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Eleocharis,dulcis, ,,,,, , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Eleocharis,dulcis,”syn Eleocharis equisetina, Eleocharis indica, Eleocharis plantaginea, Eleocharis plantaginoidea, Eleocharis tuberosa”,Chinese water chestnut,,,,”open, wet places, brackish & fresh water, swamps; sometimes forming pure stands;up to 1350m alt; lowland-irrigated, lebak & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, sometimes troublesome in tidal rice fields, wild tubers, usually made into chips (em”,”SE Asia, tropical W Afr, Madagascar, SE Asia, from India to China, Taiwan, Japan, N Aust, Pacific, Malesia, throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Eleocharis,erecta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eleocharis,erecta, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eleocharis,geniculata, ,,,,,”central America, rice, moist areas”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Kiribati; Marshall Islands; Niue; American Samoa; Solomon Islands ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Eleocharis,geniculata,”syn Eleocharis capitata, Eleocharis caribaea, Scirpus geniculatus”,,,,,”open sites, marshes, soggy grasslands, sometimes on brackish clay, rare, but locally sometimes abundant; in Java up to 900m alt; rainfed & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”Asia, the most widely distributed Eleocharis in the warmer parts of the Old & New World; in Malesia scattered, throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Eleocharis,interstincta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eleocharis,interstincta, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eleocharis,kuroguwai, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eleocharis,kuroguwai, ,,,,,”perennial dominance, sub-dominance “, Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Eleocharis,kuroguwai, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eleocharis,minuta,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eleocharis,minuta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eleocharis,mutata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eleocharis,mutata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eleocharis,nodulosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eleocharis,nodulosa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eleocharis,obtusa, ,blunt spikerush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eleocharis,ochreata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eleocharis,ochreata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eleocharis,ochrostachys,”syn Eleocharis subulata, Eleocharis variegata, Scripus ochrostachys”,,,,,”open wet places, swamps, lake borders, floating islands; at low & medium altitudes, up to 1400m; sometimes dominant; rainfed & lebak rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”Asia, from India to Indonesia, Taiwan, Pacific, scattered in Malesia, often very local; in Java only in the western part, in the Moluccas only recorded from Halmahera; not yet recorded from the Lesser Sunda Islands”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Eleocharis,pachycarpa,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eleocharis,pachycarpa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eleocharis,pallens,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eleocharis,palustris, ,Creeping spikerush,,,,”80-90% of fruit samples placed on moist filter paper in petri dishes in autumn & left for 6mths, germ progresses rapidly after this; rhizomes most common form of propagation”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Eleocharis,palustris, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eleocharis,palustris, ,creeping spikerush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eleocharis,palustris, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eleocharis,parodii,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eleocharis,parodii, ,,,,,Region of origin - Argentina; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Eleocharis,parvula, ,dwarf spikerush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eleocharis,philippinensis,syn ,,,,,”almost always in open marshy sites; up to 400m alt; rainfed & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, resembles E. ochrostachys, but the latter has cylindrical to obscurely angular stems, shorter spikelets with appressed glumes & a differently-shap”,”Malesia, Thailand, Malesia, tropical Aust, New Caledonia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Eleocharis,plantaginoidea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eleocharis,plantaginoidea, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eleocharis,quadrangulata, ,squarestem spikerush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eleocharis,retroflexa,”syn Eleocharis chaetaria, Chaetocyperus setaceus”,,,,,”wet, muddy places, along streams, moist road sides, shallow pools; up to 1600m alt; lebak & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance; sometimes troublesome in tidal rice fields, “,”AS Asia, or Amer, tropics of Amer, Asia, Aust; common in Malesia, throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Eleocharis,tuberosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eleocharis,tuberosa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eleocharis,uniglumis, ,,,,,20% of fruit samples placed on moist filter paper in petri dishes in autumn & left for 6mths; rhizomes most common form of propagation,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Eleocharis ,acicularis, ,”slender spikerush, needle spikerush”,,,,”Eleocharis acicularis is ranked among the five most serious weeds in rice and is one of the most troublesome weeds in man's wet fields. It is one of the most widely distributed hydrophytes in the world, and is generally troublesome in all continents. It”,,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Eleocharis ,dulcis,syn ,”water chestnut, Chinese waterchestnut, ground chestnut, waternut”,,,,”Eleocharis dulcis, the water chestnut, behaves as a weed in much of Asia and down throught the Pacific Islands, into Australia and is a weed of more than 45 countries and is another of the sedges that may be as harmful to agriculture for its interference”,widely distributed,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Eleocharis ,palustris, ,”common spike rush, creeping spikerush, wiregrass”,,,,”Eleocharis palustris is a weed in 40 countries in crops only near the Tropic of Cancer and in the North Temperate Zone, with the exception of general distribution over S Amer and an area in S Afr. It is a troublesome weed of aquatic sites and waterways.”,”widely distributed in the subtropics and the temperate zone north of the equator, and in S Amer, “,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Eriophorum,angustifolium, ,,,,,”vegetative propagation by rhizomes; seeds have dormant period, prechilling at 4C for 1wk induces germ “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Fimbristylis,acuminata,syn ,,,,,”open, wet or muddy places, swamps, river banks at low altitudes; up to 350m alt; rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, grows well in water with a low pH (up to 5) but questionably aslo in water with at high pH (up to 10), while it is scarce in “,”S Asia, SE Asia, from Ceylon & India to S China & tropical Aust; scattered in Malesia, in Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Madura, Kalimantan & Irian Jaya”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Fimbristylis,aestivalis,syn Scirpus aestivalis,,,,,”soggy, open places, fields, swamps; up to 1800m alt; lowland-irrigated & rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, three varieties are known: F. aestivalis var. trichopoda with densely hairy inflorescence rays; var. macrostachya a much more robust “,”Asia, from India through Thailand, Indochina to China, Taiwan, Japan & tropical Aust, scattered in Malesia; in Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi & Irian Jaya, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Fimbristylis,albovirides,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Fimbristylis,alboviridis,syn ,,,,,”dry grass fields, roadsides; at low altitudes; rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”SE Asia, SE Asia, from India to west Malesia, Philippines; in Indonesia: so far collected only in Java”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Fimbristylis,annua,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Fimbristylis,aphylla,”syn Fimbristylis globulosa var. aphylla, Fimbristylis quinquangularis “,,,,,”open, wet places, swamps; up to 500m alt; lowland-irrigated, rainfed & lebak rice fields, a weed of minor importance, resembles Fimbristylis miliacea, the latter an annual with fibrous roots, angular spikelets & apiculates, distinctly keeled glumes”,”SA Asia, from India to Indochina; in western Malesia & in the Philippines, in Indonesia: Sumatra & Java, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Fimbristylis,autumnalis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Fimbristylis,autumnalis, ,slender fimbristylis,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Fimbristylis,autumnalis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Fimbristylis,bisumbellata,syn Scripus bisumbellatus,,,,,”Nile and canal banks, rice fields”,widespread in subtrop. & warm temp. regions of the world,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Fimbristylis,bisumbellata,syn Scirpus bisumbellatus,,,,,”along rivers, sandy river bars; in India a common weed of rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”unknown, from the Medit tothe tropics of the SE Asia to Aust; rare in Malesia, in Indonesia: with certainty only recorded from Java & Kalimantan”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Fimbristylis,cymosa (=F. atollensis), ,,,,,”tropical America, sweet potato, taro”,French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Tuvalu,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Fimbristylis,dichotoma, ,,,,,”, sugarcane, lawns, wetlands”,Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Niue; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Fimbristylis,dichotoma, ,,,,,annual sub-dominance Weeds of sown grassland , Upland Korea Thailand Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Fimbristylis,dichotoma,”syn Fimbristylis annua, Fimbristylis diphylla, Fimbristylis longispica, Fimbristylis squarrosa, Scirpus dichotomus”,,,,,”open waste places, grassy roadsides, Imperata grasslands, tea plantations, teak forests, more rarely in swamps; sometimes abundant; up to 1500(-2500)m alt. (in PNG); flowers throughout the year; uplant rice fields, a serious weed in Fiji, Hawaii, Indochin”,”SE Asia, warmer parts of the world; one of the most widely distributed species; very common in Malesia, throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Fimbristylis,diphylla, ,twoleaf fimbristylis,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Fimbristylis,floribunda, ,,,,, Weeds of sown grassland ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Fimbristylis,globulosa, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Fimbristylis,globulosa,”syn Fimbristylis efoliata, Fimbristylis umbellaria, Scirpus globulosus”,,,,,”wet, open places, swamps, grass fields; usually at low altitudes, rarely up to 1000m; lowland-irrigated, rainfed, lebak & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, the form with 2 stigmas is sometimes considered a different species, F. torresiana; th”,”SE Asia, from India through China to Micronesia & Polynesia; scattered in Malesia, throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Fimbristylis,globulosa, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Fimbristylis,griffifhii,syn Fimbristylis aestivalis,,,,,”wet or swampy sites, riverbanks, lake borders, roadsides; at low altitudes, up to 700m; rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, often confused with F. aestivalis, which is smaller, weaker, hairy plant, without tubular leaf sheaths surrounding the”,”unknown, Bengal, Burma, Thailand, Indochina, scattered in Malesia, throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Fimbristylis,littoralis, ,,,,, , ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Fimbristylis,miliacea, ,”grass-like fimbristylis, lesser fimbristylis”,,,,”, rice, moist places”,Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Western Samoa; Tuvalu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Fimbristylis,miliacea, ,,,,,64% germ of seeds buried in ground for 6mths & planted in moist sand,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Fimbristylis,miliacea, ,Globe fringerush,,,,”2,4-D 1989 Malaysia Rice “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Fimbristylis,miliacea, ,,,,,annual sub-dominance , Thailand Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Fimbristylis,miliacea,syn Fimbristylis littoralis,,,,,”damp waste places,ditches; prolific seed-producer; up to 10 000 seeds/plant; from 0-1000m alt; in all kinds of rice fields, a troublesome weed in 21 countries; one of the three most serious weeds in rice; although it occurs mainly in rice fields, it was a”,”tropical Amer, pantropical; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Fimbristylis,ovata,”syn Fimbristylis monostachyos, Abildgaardia compressa, Carex ovata”,,,,,”sunny to lightly shaded, not too wet grasslands, grassy roadsides, planted teak forests (Java); up to 900(-1200) m alt; ofen abundant; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”unknown, pantropical; everywhere in Malesia, rarer in the Malay Peninsula, throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Fimbristylis,quinquangularis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Fimbristylis,quinquangularis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Fimbristylis,schoenoides,”syn Fimbristylis bispicata, Scirpus schoenoides”,,,,,”open grasslands, esp. on less permeable soils, Imperata lands; at low altitudes, up to 400m; rainfed & upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, the species could also represent F. caesia, which only differs by its more slender habit & the emarginat”,”SE Asia, SE Asia, India, S China, from Taiwan to tropical Aust; introd but still rare in Amer, scattered in Malesia, throughout Indonesia, except Sulawesi, the Moluccas & Irian Jaya, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Fimbristylis,tomentosa,”syn Fimbristylis podocarpa, Fimbristylis schoenoides”,,,,,”open or lightly shaded moist sites, grasslands, grassy roadsides, forest clearings; usually below 200m alt; up to 1200m; lowland-irrigated & rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”SE Asia, tropical Afr, Madagascar, Mauritius, from India to S China, Micronesia & tropical Aust, more widely distributed than F. dichotoma in Malesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Fuirena,ciliaris, ,,,,,annual sub-dominance , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Fuirena,ciliaris,syn Fuirena glomerata,,,,,”open wet sites, swampy grasslands, riverbanks at low altitudes, usually below 1000m; usually scattered , sometimes abundant; lowland-irrigated, rainfed& tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”unknown, tropics of Asia & Afr, also in Aust; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Fuirena,glomerata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Fuirena,glomerata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Fuirena,umbellata,syn Fuirena quinquangularis,,,,,”open, wet sites, swamps, pools, ditches, marshy lake shores, swampy grasslands, secondary forests; up to 1800m alt.; less common than Fuirena ciliaris; lowland-irrigated, lebak & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”unknown, pantropical; throughout Indonesia, except the Lesser Sunda Islands & the Moluccas, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Isolepis,hystrix,,Awned Club-rush,XH,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Isolepis,hystrix, ,Awned Club-rush,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Annual. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 2,4,9”,”S Af, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Isolepis,hystrix, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Isolepis,marginata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Isolepis,prolifera,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Isolepis,prolifera, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Isolepis,sepulcralis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Isolepis,setacea,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Isolepis,stellata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Kyllinga,brevifolia, ,,,,,”, “,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tokelau; Tonga; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Kyllinga,brevifolia, ,green kyllinga,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Kyllinga,nemoralis, ,,,,,”, pasture, lawns, plantations”,Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Tonga ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Kyllinga,polyphylla, ,navua sedge,,,,”, pasture, agricultural land”,Fiji; French Polynesia; Niue; Western Samoa; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Lipocarpha,chinensis,”syn Lipocarpa argentea, Lipocarpha laevigata, Cyperus lipocarpha, Scirpus chinensis, Scirpus senegalensis”,,,,,”open marshy sites, swamps, marshes, along lakes & pools, river banks, soggy grasslands, forest clearings; up to 1800m alt. (2800m in Irian Jaya); rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”tropical Asia, tropical & S Afr, S & SE Asia, tropical Aust, widely distributed in Malesia; throughout Indonesia, except the Lesser Sunda Islands, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Mariscus,longibracteatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Mariscus,longibracteatus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Mariscus,rufus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Mariscus,rufus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Mariscus,umbellatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Mariscus,umbellatus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Mariscus,ustulatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Mariscus,ustulatus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pycreus,lanceolatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pycreus,lanceolatus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pycreus,mundtii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pycreus,mundtii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Pycreus,tremulus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Pycreus,tremulus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Rhynchospora,corymbosa,”syn Rhynchospora aurea, Scirpus corymbosus”,,,,,”open sunny, swampy places, riverbanks; up to 1300m alt., mostly low altitudes; often dominant; tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, in the Philippines used for making mats, sandals etc; the inflorescences are sometimes much deformed by fungus, C”,”unknown, tropics & subtropics of the world; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Schoenoplectus,californicus,,,S,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Schoenoplectus,californicus, ,,,,,”Region of origin - N Amer, C Amer, S Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread unknown”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Schoenoplectus,erectus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Schoenoplectus,erectus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Schoenoplectus,juncoides,,,"rice, freshwater and tidal swamps",,"Northern Australian Quarantine Service, Target Weeds" Schoenoplectus,lineolatus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Schoenoplectus,lineolatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Schoenoplectus,spp.,,,,NPQ,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Schoenoplectus,spp., ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Scirpus,acutus, ,hardstem bulrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Scirpus,americanus, ,American bulrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Scirpus,articulatus, ,bulrush,,,, , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Scirpus,articulatus,syn ,,,,,”open swamps or inundated places, shallow pools; rare, but locally sometimes abundant; in areas with a pronounced dry season; usually at low altitudes, up to 450m; lowlandirrigated & lebak rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”Asia or Afr, fromthe Medit through Afr& S Asia to N Aust; in Indonesia: Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi & Irian Jaya, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Scirpus,atrovirens, ,green bulrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Scirpus,californicus, ,California bulrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Scirpus,cubensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Scirpus,cubensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Scirpus,cyperinus, ,woolgrass bulrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Scirpus,fluviatilis, ,river bulrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Scirpus,grossus, ,,,,, , Thailand ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Scirpus,grossus,syn ,,,,,”in swampy or inundated places, pools, ditches, marshes; locally abundant esp. in the lowlands; up to 850m alt.; lowland-irrigated, lebak & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, stems, after removal of one of the ribs, flattening & drying, are use”,”SE Asia, India,m SE Asia, S China, Malesia, tropical Aust; throughout Indonesia, except the Moluccas & the Lesser Sunda Islands, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Scirpus,hotarui, ,,,,,”annual dominance, sub-dominance “, ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Scirpus,juncoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Scirpus,juncoides, ,,,,,perennial , Taiwan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Scirpus,juncoides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Scirpus,lateriflorus,”syn Scirpus oryzetorum, Scirpus supinus, Isolepis juncoides”,,,,,”open, wet areas, edges of swamps; often very abundant; up to 300(-1300)m alt; lowland-irrigated, rainfed, lebak & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”SE Asia, SE Asia, from India to S China & Taiwan, Aust, western part of Malesia, Philippines (Luzon); in Indonesia: Java & the Lesser Sunda Islands, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Scirpus,maritimus,,sea club rush,,NQ,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Scirpus,maritimus,,"rice, freshwater and tidal swamps",,,"Northern Australian Quarantine Service, Target Weeds" Scirpus,maritimus, ,,,,,Sig weed of rice,,Behrendt & Hanf “Grass Weeds In World Agriculture” Scirpus,maritimus, ,,,,,”perennial dominance, sub-dominance “, ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Scirpus,mucronatus,syn Scirpus sundanus,,,,,”in open, wet places, marshes;f rom behind the seashore to 2100m alt; often dominant or co-dominant with Leersia hexandra; lowland-irrigated, lebak & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, cultivated in W Sumatra; dried & flattened stems are used f”,”Asia, warmer parts of the Old World, from S Eur to Japan & through S & SE Asia to Aust; rare in tropical Afr; throughout Indonesia, except the Moluccas, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Scirpus,mucronatus, ,roughseed bulrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Scirpus,pendulus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Scirpus,pendulus, ,,,,,Region of origin - N Amer; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Scirpus,pendulus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Scirpus,spp., ,,,,, ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Scirpus,validus, ,softstem bulrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Scirpus,wallichii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Scirpus,wallichii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Scirpus ,juncoides,syn Scirpus erectus,,,,,”open wet places, swamps, low riverbanks; in Java, in everwet areas & those with a pronounced dry season; 0-1200m alt, rarely up to 2000m; lowland-irrigated & tidal rice fields, S. juncoides is an annual weed, typical of lowland rice; its seeds require bur”,”Asia, from India, China & Japan to Hawaii, SE Asia to tropical Aust; in Malesia more common in the western part; throughout Indonesia, except the Moluccas, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Scleria,barteri, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Scleria,barteri, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Scleria,melaleuca, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Scleria,melaleuca, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Scripus,acutus, ,Hardstem bulrush,,,,good germ of seeds stratified in moist peat moss at 2-4C for 6mths then germ in water at 30-32C in light; seed stored in glass cloth bags 40-45cm deep in natural pool of water for 8mths germ 53% & stored in pool for 8mths then dried for 1mth 42% germ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,americanus, ,American bulrush,,,,”stratification in moist peat moss at 2-4C for 6-12mths, then germ in water at 30-32C in strong continuous light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,atrovirens, ,Green bulrush,,,,”seeds stored 3mths at 2-4C in water, sphagnum, peat or sand germ well in tap water at room temp in diffuse light; after 6 mths storage germ 80-100%”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,cespitosus, ,,,,,good germ in tap water at room temp in diffuse light with seeds stored 12-18mths in water or sphagnum at 2-4C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,cyperinus, ,Wool grass bulrush,,,,”good germ in water at room temp in diffuse light, after storage in water at 2-4C for 6-12mths”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,fluviatilis, ,River bulrush,,,,”60-70% germ of seed stored at 2-4C in water or peat moss for more than 1yr, then tested in water at 30-32C in strong continuous light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,juncoides, ,,,,,”annual dominance, sub-dominance “, Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Scripus,lineatus, ,,,,,82% germ of seed tested in tap water at room temp in diffuse light after storage in water at 2-4C for 3mths,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,litoralis,syn Schoenoplectus litoralis,,,,,”marshes, ditches, moist ground”,”Medit, C Eur, W & C Asia, N Aust”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Scripus,maritimus, ,,,,,98% germ of seed in 1st spring after collection; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,maritimus, ,”sea club-rush, saltmarsh bulrush”,,,,”Scripus maritimus is a perennial, often tufted, spreading extensively by horizontal creeping rhizomes and stolons. It is found as a weed of agriculture and waterways on all continents and is a problem and often a serious weed in rice growing areas.”,”circumpolar, with general distribution over Asia, Eur, and N Amer; sparsely found in Afr, and S Amer”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Scripus,mucronatus, ,”roughseed club-rush, sea scripus, roughseed bulrush”,,,,”Scripus mucronatus is a perennial, tall, stout, tufted sedge with short rhizomes. It is found as a weed of agriculture and waterways on all continents and is a problem in rice growing areas”,”circumpolar, with general distribution over Asia, Eur, and N Amer; sparsely found in Afr, and S Amer”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Scripus,paludosus, ,,,,,”good germ of seed stored at 2-4C in water or peat moss for more than 6mths, then tested in water at 30-32C in strong continuous light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,pedicellatus, ,,,,,”good germ of seed stored at 2-4C in peat moss for more than 6mths, then tested in water at 30-32C in strong continuous light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,planiculmis, ,,,,, , Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Scripus,robustus, ,,,,,”good germ of seed stored at 2-4C in peat moss for more than 6mths, then tested in water at 30-32C in strong continuous light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,rubricosus, Scripus eriophorum,,,,,”90% germ of seed stored dry for 18mths at room temp or at 2-4C, in tap water at 30-32C in strong continuous light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,smithii, ,,,,,”good germ of seed stored at 2-4C in water for 12-18mths, then tested in water at 30-32C in strong continuous light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,subterminalis, ,,,,,”good germ of seed stored at 2-4C in water for 12-18mths, then tested in water at 30-32C in strong continuous light”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,sylvaticus, ,,,,,100% germ of seed in 1st spring after collection; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Scripus,tuberosus,syn ,Sea club-rush,,,,”canals, rice fields, marshes, drains, moist ground”,”Medit, W & C Asia; introduced into N Amer”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Scripus,validus, ,Softstem bulrush,,,,”no germ of seed stored at 2-4C in water for 12-18mths, then tested in water at 30-32C in strong continuous light; seed stored in glass cloth bags 40-45cm deep in natural pool of water for 8mths germ 60%, stored the same then dried for 1mth germ 44%”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Trianoptiles,solitaria,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Trianoptiles,solitaria, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread - unknown,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Ulva,spp. (aquatic), ,ulva,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Uncinia,sinclairii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyrillaceae Cliftonia,monophylla, ,titi,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Dennstaedtiaceae Hypolepis,dicksonioides,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hypolepis,rugosula,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pteridium,aquilinum, var. esculentum ,Bracken,,,,vegetative reproduction by transferring pieces of 20-25cm with a growing rhizome apex,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Pteridium,aquilinum, ,,,,, , Miyagi Niigata Oita Kagawa ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Pteridium,aquilinum, ,bracken,,,,”The genus Pteridium is monotypic; it is on all continents including Antarctica, and may be one of the most widely distributed vascular plants on earth. Is is not found in extremely cold or dry areas. It is a very ancient plant that has become a very succe”,distributed over most of the world,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Pteridium,aquilinum var. latiusculum, ,eastern bracken,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Pteridium,spp., ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Pteridium,var. pubescens, ,western bracken,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Dichapetalaceae Dichapetalum,cymosum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Dichapetalum,cymosum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea,alata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Dioscorea,alata, ,”white yam, water yam”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Dioscorea,alata,,winged yam,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Dioscorea,batatas,,,Mountain and Valleys Coastal & Peidmont in Virginia,,"Alien Invasive plants in Virginia: Virginia Native Plant Society, Weed" Dioscorea,batatas,,air-potato,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Dioscorea,bulbifera,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Dioscorea,bulbifera, ,”air potato, air yam”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Dioscorea,bulbifera,,air-potato,,,,”Catergory I Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Dioscorea,japonica, ,,,,,annual dominant weed in crops , Shizuoka Miyasaki ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Dioscorea,villosa, ,,,,,cutting seed coat; 4% germ in light & 16% dark at 20-25C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Tamus,communis, ,,,,,”seeds placed in porous cups standing in water in a pan covered with glass & exposed to winter temps of 50F, during winter germ well following autumn; “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Dipsacaceae Cephalaria,syriaca, ,,,,,,Scattered in Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Cephalaria,syriaca, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cephalaria,syriaca, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Dipsacus,fullonum,”D. sativus in SA, Dipsacus sylvestris”,”wild teasel, card thistle, Fuller's teasel”,XXA,NLP,Vic,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Dipsacus,fullonum, ,Wild Teasel,,,,”Dispersal: animal external. Life Form: Biennial. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,11”,”Eur, In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Dipsacus,fullonum,,Common Name(s): Teasel,"Avail nurseries, Usage : Low Level Invasive ""Biennial, 2-6 feet high, flowers pink on egg-shaped pincushion, spiny stem, leaves opposite, 3-6 cm long, narrow ""","Europe. Habitat: Pastures, old fields, waste places"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Dipsacus,fullonum, ,teasel,,,,,,Weed Science List Dipsacus,fullonum, ,teasel,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Dipsacus,fullonum,,Fuller's teasel,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Dipsacus,fullonum ssp. fullonum, Dipsacus sylvestris,”wild teasel, card thistle, fuller's teasel”,,,,” invades degraded pastures; odd plants have occured in the Adelaide Hills, in SA; it does not occur in other Statesmainly occurs in Vic, at Condah Swamp in the Western Districts, on the Moorabool River at Meredith near Geelong, at Ballarat & several plac”,”originated in S & E Eur, & although estab. in many temp areas of the world, is rarely considered an imprt weed; it has been declared noxious in S Afr, but does not appear to be troublesome; there are scattered patches in NZ , northern USA, E Canada, Chile”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Dipsacus,laciniatus, ,cut leaved teasel,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Dipsacus,laciniatus, ,”air potato, air yam”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Dipsacus,laciniatus, ,cutleaf teasel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Dipsacus,sativa, ,,,,,sativa or sativus?,,Weed Science List Dipsacus,sylvestris, ,teasel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Knautia,arvensis,, bluebuttons,"Possible Weed of Agriculture, Grassland and Forest: High Weed Potential in Disturbed areas",,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Knautia,arvensis, Scabiosa arvensis,Field scabious,,,,”some seed germ immediately after harvest, remainder in 1st spring; seeds placed in water unheated germinator & exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors; 83% germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Knautia,arvensis, ,Field Scabious,,,,”K. borderei, K. cattalaunica, K. purpurea”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Knautia,arvensis, ,Field Scabious,,,,”K. borderei, K. cattalaunica, K. purpurea”,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Knautia,arvensis, ,field scabious,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Scabiosa,atropurpurea,,scabious,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Scabiosa,atropurpurea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Scabiosa,suaveolens, ,,,,,85% germ at once or soon after harvest; seeds placed in germinator exposed to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Succisa,australis, ,devilsbit,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Succisa,pratensis, Scabiosa succisa,,,,,”78% germ in 1st spring; seeds placed in germinator, exposed continuously to temps similar to those prevailing outdoors until germ or rotted; 75% germ on moist blotters in 10-20days at 4-12C”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Dryopteridaceae Cyrtomium,falcatum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Cyrtomium,falcatum,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Tectaria,incisa, ,incised halberd fern,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Tectaria,incisa,,incised halberd fern,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Ebenaceae Diospyros,texana, ,Texas persimmon,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Diospyros,virginiana, ,persimmon,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euclea,divinorum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euclea,divinorum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Royena,sericea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Royena,sericea, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus,angustifolia, ,Russian Olive ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Elaeagnus,angustifolia,, Russian olive, Limited Weed potential in Riparian and Wetland habitats.,,"Potential Exotic Plant Species Invading the Blackfoot Drainage, Montana, Peter M. Rice, Chris Toney and Bob Sacco, weed" Elaeagnus,angustifolia,,"Russian olive, Trebizond date, Oleaster","Avail nurseries, Ornamental Potential Invasive , Additional Comments : Tolerant to sandy soils ""25 feet high, flowers yellow inside, silver outside, in small fragrant clusters, leaves narrowly oblong, 4-8 cm long, dull green, alternate, simple, frui","Eurasia. Habitat: Fence rows, urban areas"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Elaeagnus,angustifolia, ,Russian-olive ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Elaeagnus,angustifolia, ,Russian olive,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Elaeagnus,commutata, ,Silverberry,,,,removal of seeds from their endocarps premitted complete germ of fresh seed & seed stored for 1yr; germ on moist filter paper at 20C in dark,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Elaeagnus,commutata, ,silverberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Elaeagnus,pungens,,Russian olive,,,,”RANK 2. “SIGNIFICANT THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess some invasive characteristics, but have less impact on native plant communities; may have the capacity to invade natural communities along disturbance corridors, or to spread from stands in d”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Elaeagnus,umbellata,,,Mountain and Valleys Coastal & Peidmont in Virginia,,"Alien Invasive plants in Virginia: Virginia Native Plant Society, Weed" Elaeagnus,umbellata,,Autumn olive,"Avail nurseries, Ornamental Highly Invasive , Additional Comments : Spread by birds ""10-12 feet, flowers yellow to white, small fragrant clusters, leaves oval, pointed, silver underneath, 4-6 cm long, fruits olive like, silvery then red fruits olive",Eurasia. Habitat: Woodlands," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Elaeagnus,umbellata, ,autumn olive,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Elaeagnus,umbellata,,autumn olive,,,,RANK 1. “SEVERE THREAT”Exotic plant species which possess characteristics of invasive species and spread easily into native plant communities and displace native vegetation; includes species which are or could become widespread in Tennessee.,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Shepherdia,argentea, ,silver buffaloberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Shepherdia,canadensis, ,russet buffaloberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Elatinaceae Bergia,ammannioides, ,,,,, , ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Bergia,ammannioides,”syn Bergia oryzetorum, Elatine ammannioides”,,,,,”in areas with a pronounced dry season; from 0-100m alt (in Java); in periodically inundated sites, which desiccate; also along roadsides, railroad embarkments; often numerous; lowland-irrigated & rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, often conf”,”tropcial Afr or tropical Asia, tropical Afr, Afghanistan, Iran, tropical Asia, China, Taiwan, Aust, Malesia, Philippines; in Indonesia: Java, Madura, Sumba dan Timor, as far as known”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Bergia,capensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bergia,capensis,”syn Bergia repens, Bergia verticillata, Elatine verticillata”,,,,,”swampy sites, wet grasslands, in pools, on riverbanks; mostly in areas with a pronounced dry season; flowers in Java from Feb-Jun; occurs (not commonly) in C & E Java from 0-600m alt; lowland-irrigated & rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”S India, India, Ceylon; Indonesia: Java”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Bergia,capensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Elatine,americana, ,American waterwort,,,,store 4-6mths in water at 1-3C; germ in water in diffuse light in greenhouse at 18-21C day & 13-16C night temps.,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Elatine,americana, ,American waterwort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Elatine,minima, ,small waterwort,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Elatine,orientalis, ,,,P,,Prohibited by AQIS, ,Western Australian Prohibited List Elatine,triandra, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Elatine,triandra, ,,,,,annual , Taiwan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Elatine,triandra,syn ,.,,,,”forms dense patches on the bottom of shallow lakes with clear water; locally numerous; from 500-2000m alt in Java; flowers all year round; lowland-irrigated rice fields, a weed of minor importance, inJava the submerged flowers do not open”,”Eur, N Amer, Eur, India to Aust, NZ & Malesia; Indonesia: Java & Sumatra”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Elatine,triandra, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Ephedraceae Ephedra,torreyana, ,Torrey ephedra,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ephedra,trifurca, ,longleaf ephedra,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Equisetaceae Equisetum,arvense,,”common horsetail, field horsetail, scouring rush”,E,NL,NSW; SA; WA; Qld; Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Equisetum,arvense, ,,,,,”Region of origin - Afr, Eur, N Amer; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread ornamental”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Equisetum,arvense, ,”common horsetail, field horsetail, scouring rush”,,,,”weed of many crops, pastures & fruit growing areas; moister areas where water table close to surface & drainage poornaturalised only near Sydney; imported & sold in nurseries in some states”,”Northern hemisphere extending N to Alaska & Ellesmere Island at 83º N in N Amer & to 71º N in Norway, Sweden, Finland & USSR & S to Texas, India & Iran; occurs in Arg, Brazil,Chile, Madagascar, some Indian Ocean islands, Indonesia, NZ & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Equisetum,arvense, ,common horsetail,,,,,,Weed Science List Equisetum,arvense, ,,,,,annual dominant weed in crops Weed in poor site , Upland Japan Miyagi ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Equisetum,arvense, ,field horsetail,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Equisetum,arvense, ,common horsetail,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Equisetum,fluviatile, ,water horsetail,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Equisetum,hiemale, ,,,,,Region of origin - N Amer; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Equisetum,hyemale,Equisetum hyaemale,”common horsetail, field horsetail, scouring rush”,HHE,NL,Qld; WA; Tas; NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Equisetum,hyemale, ,scouringrush,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Equisetum,palustre, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Equisetum,palustre, ,marsh horsetail,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Equisetum,palustre, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Equisetum,ramosissimum,,branched scouringrush,E,LQ,Qld; WA; NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Equisetum,ramosissimum, E. ramosissimum subsp. debile ,,(Vaucher) Hauke,,"Northern Australian Quarantine Service, Target Weeds" Equisetum,ramosissimum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Equisetum,ramosissimum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Equisetum,spp.,,”common horsetail, field horsetail, scouring rush”,E,NLQ,WA; NSW; Qld; SA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Equisetum,spp., ,Horsetail N # ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Equisetum,spp., ,,,P,,In line with South Australias complete prohibition of the Genus.,,Western Australian Prohibited List Equisetum,sylvaticum, ,sylvan horsetail,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Equisetum,telmateia, ,giant horsetail,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ericaceae Arbutus,menziesii, ,Pacific madrone,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arbutus,unedo,,Strawberry Tree,XXS,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Arbutus,unedo, ,Strawberry Tree,,,,”Dispersal: Bird, internal. Life Form: Tree. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 5,6,7,”,”Introduced deliberately from: Med, S Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Arbutus,unedo, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Arctostaphylos,canescens, ,hoary manzanita,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arctostaphylos,columbiana, ,hairy manzanita,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arctostaphylos,glandulosa, ,Eastwood manzanita,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arctostaphylos,glauca, ,bigberry manzanita,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arctostaphylos,hispidula, ,Howell manzanita,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arctostaphylos,manzanita, ,big manzanita,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arctostaphylos,nevadensis, ,pinemat manzanita,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arctostaphylos,parryana var. pinetorum , ,pine manzanita,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arctostaphylos,patula, ,greenleaf manzanita,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arctostaphylos,pungens, ,pointleaf manzanita,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arctostaphylos,uva-ursi, ,bearberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Arctostaphylos,viscida, ,whiteleaf manzanita,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Calluna,vulgaris,,”heather, ling”,E,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chamaedaphne,calyculata, ,leatherleaf,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Erica,andromedaeflora,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erica,arborea,,tree heath,HHXw,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erica,arborea, ,Tree Heath,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Large Small to medium shrubhrub. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8”,”Introduced deliberately from: Med,SW Eur, In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Erica,arborea, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Erica,baccans,,berry-flower heath,HS,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erica,baccans, ,Berry-flower Heath,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 2,4,5”,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Erica,baccans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Erica,caffra,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erica,caffra, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Erica,lusitanica,,Spanish heath,HHXX,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erica,lusitanica, ,Heath ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Erica,lusitanica, ,Spanish Heath,,,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,6,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: SW Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Erica,lusitanica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Erica,lusitanica, ,Spanish Heath,,P,,”Dispersal: ?animal external,Water,Wind. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Very serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,5,6,8”,”Introduced deliberately from: SW Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Widespread, medium to large populations”,Western Australian Prohibited List Erica,melanthera,,erica,XS,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erica,melanthera, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Erica,melanthera, ,Erica,,,,Dispersal: ?. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 2,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Erica,quadrangularis,,erica,HS,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erica,quadrangularis, ,,,,,Region of origin - S Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Erica,quadrangularis, ,Erica,,,,Dispersal: ?Water. Life Form: Small to medium shrub. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 4,”Introduced deliberately from: S Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Rare or localised, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Erica,scoparia,,,H,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erica,scoparia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Erica,scorparia, ,,,,,Region of origin - S France; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Erica,X willmorei,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Gaultheria,shallon, ,salal,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Gaylussacia,frondosa, ,dangleberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Kalmia,angustifolia, ,sheep laurel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Kalmia,latifolia, ,mountain laurel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Kalmia,polifolia, ,pale laurel,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Ledum,groenlandicum, ,Labrador tea,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Oxydendrum,arboreum, ,sourwood,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Pieris,mariana, ,,,,,”thimbleful of seed sown in soil flats in late autumn of year collected, 208 germ in flats kept outdoors for 83days within 21days after transfer to greenhouse, only 48 germ of those kept in greenhouse within 48-111days”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Rhododendron,canadense, ,Canadian rhododendron,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhododendron,canescens, ,piedmont azalea,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhododendron,macrophyllum, ,Pacific rhododendron,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhododendron,maximum, ,rosebay rhododendron,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhododendron,occidentale, ,western azalea,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Rhododendron,ponticum, ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Vaccinium,angustifolium, ,lowbush blueberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Vaccinium,arboreum, ,tree huckleberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Vaccinium,ovalifolium, ,ovalleaf blueberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Vaccinium,ovatum, ,box blueberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Vaccinium,oxycoccus, ,small cranberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Vaccinium,parvifolium, ,tall red huckleberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Vaccinium,stamineum, ,common deerberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Vaccinium,vitis-idaea var. minus, ,mountain cranberry,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon,heterolepis var. nigricans,syn ,,,,,”a weed of minor importance, “,”tropical Asia, very rare; in W & E Java, in Kangean Island (north of Java), also in Sumatra & Sulawesi”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Eriocaulon,longifolium,syn ,,,,,”soggy places; 0-700m alt; rainfed & lebak rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”tropical Asia, Indonesia: Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi & Irian Jaya”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Eriocaulon,luzulaefolium, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eriocaulon,luzulaefolium, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eriocaulon,septangulare, ,,,,,”high % germ of seeds stored in water at 1-3C for 5-7mths; seeds stored in water at room temp, need prechilling for 30 days”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Eriocaulon,sieboldtianum, ,,,,,annual sub-dominance , Japan,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Eriocaulon,truncatum,,,"rice, wetlands, river banks and floodplains",,"Northern Australian Quarantine Service, Target Weeds" Eriocaulon,truncatum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Eriocaulon,truncatum,syn ,,,,,”soggy grasslands, borders of water courses, on stones in rivers; often gregarious & often mixed with E. cinereum; from 15-1300m alt; flowers all year round;lowland-irrigated & rainfed rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”Asia, throughout Indonesia, except Kalimantan & the Lesser Sunda Islands”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Eriocaulon,truncatum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eriocaulon ,cinereum,syn ,,,,,”oftenfound with E truncatum; from 0(-15)-1400m alt; flowers all year round; lowland-irrigated rainfed, & tidal rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”tropical Asia, in Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan & Sulawesi”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylon,spp., ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Erythroxylum,coca,”Erythroxylum bolivianum, Erythroxylum peruvianum”,”coca leaf, coca, Peru coca”,H,NLP,ACT; NSW,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Erythroxylum,coca,” Erythroxylum bolivianum, Erythroxylum peruvianum”,”coca leaf, coca, Peru coca”,,,,the leaves of the plant are chewed as a stimulant by the S Amer Indians & are a source of the pyridine-based alkaloid cocaine; growth of the shrubs is markedly affected by the environment. particularly temp; in Aust coca leaf is not a weed in the conventi,”native of upland S Amer, particularly in the Boliv0-Peruvian Andes; now cultivated in several trop countries, including Afr, Sri Lanka, Indonesia & Taiwan, as a commercial alkaloid source; does not occur in Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Erythroxylum,coca, ,coca leaf,,,,,,Weed Science List Erythroxylum,coca, ,coca leaf,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Escalloniaceae Escallonia,bifida,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Escallonia,bifida, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbiaceae Acalypha,alopecuroides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acalypha,alopecuroides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acalypha,australis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Acalypha,australis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acalypha,australis, ,,,,,annual dominant weed in crops ,Shimane Shizuoka Upland Korea Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Acalypha,ciliata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acalypha,ciliata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acalypha,fallax, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acalypha,fallax, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acalypha,neomexicana, ,New Mexico copperleaf,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acalypha,ostryaefolia, ,hophornbeam copperleaf,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acalypha,rhomboidea, ,rhombic copperleaf,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Acalypha,segetalis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acalypha,segetalis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acalypha,virginica, ,Virginia copperleaf,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Alchornea,cordifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Alchornea,cordifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Aleurites,fordii, ,tung-oil tree,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Aleurites,fordii,,tung oil tree,,,,”Catergory II Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Aleurites,moluccana,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Bertya,rosmarinifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Bischofia,javanica, ,”bishopweed, Javawood”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Bischofia,javonica,,bischofia,,,,”Catergory I Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Caperonia,castanaefolia, ,mexicanweed,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cecropia,peltata, ,,,,,”tropical America, “,French Polynesia ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Chamaesyce,australis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chamaesyce,drummondii,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chamaesyce,hirta,Euphorbia hirta,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chamaesyce,hyssopifolia,Euphorbia hyssopifolia,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chamaesyce,nutans,Euphorbia nutans,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chamaesyce,prostrata,”Euphorbia chamaesyce, E. prostrata”,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chamaesyce,supina,”Euphorbia maculata, Euphorbia thymifolia previously in Q?”,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chamaesyce (= Euphorbia),hirta, ,”garden spurge, asthma plant”,,,,”tropical America, vegetables, bananas”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Fed. States of Micronesia; Guam; Kiribati; Marshall Islands; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tokelau; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Wallis & Futuna,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Chrozophora,plicata,syn Croton plicatum,,,,,”waste ground, roadsides”,trop. & subtrop. Afr & Asia,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Chrozophora,plicata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chrozophora,plicata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Chrozophora,tinctoria,,,,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Chrozophora,tinctoria, ,Dyer's Litmus,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Chrozophora,tinctoria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chrozophora,tinctoria, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Chrozophora,tinctoria, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Cnidoscolus,stimulosus, ,bullnettle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Cnidoscolus,texanus, ,Texas bullnettle,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Codiaeum,variegatum,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Croton,capitatus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Croton,capitatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Croton,capitatus, ,woolly croton,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Croton,cilio-glanduliferus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Croton,cilio-glanduliferus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Croton,glandulosus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Croton,glandulosus, ,tropic croton,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Croton,hirtus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Croton,hirtus,,,"rubber plantations; crops including mung beans, peanuts, soybeans, papaya, vegetables and tobacco",,"Northern Australian Quarantine Service, Target Weeds" Croton,hirtus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Croton,hirtuts,syn Croton glandulosus var. hirtus,,,,,”sunny to lightly shaded sites, along roads, railroad tracks & fields, gardens, low tea plantations; often abundant; 0-700m alt; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, as it roots superficially & never forms a dense vegetation, “,”tropical Amer, introd before 1900 in W Java, area from Jakarta to Bogor & Pelabuhanratu, & spread throughout Indonesia, except Kalimantan, Sulawesi & the Lesser Sunda Islands”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Croton,lindheimeri, ,Lindheimer croton,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Croton,lobatus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Croton,lobatus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Croton,monanthogynus, ,prairietea,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Croton,texensis, ,Texas croton,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Croton,thirtus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Croton,tinctorius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Croton,tinctorius, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Eremocarpus,setigerus,”Croton setigerus, Piscaria setigera”,”doveweed, turkey mullein, woolly-white drought weed”,,L,WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Eremocarpus,setigerus,” Croton setigerus, Piscaria setigera”,”doveweed, turkey mullein, woolly-white drought weed”,,,,”when crushed doveweed has a strong sweet but unpleasant odour, which makes it unattractive to stock; sheep avoid areas in which it occurs, reducing pasture productivity; does not compete directly with cereal crops, but may interfere with harvest; plant si”,”Monotypic genus is a native of the Pacific coast of N Amer; it is widespread on the alluvial plains of the Sacramento & San Joaquin Valley of California, mostly below 750m1st recorded at Koojan, WA in 1925; imprt. in WA, where large colonies occur on the”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Eremocarpus,setigerus, ,doveweed,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Eremocarpus,setigerus, ,turkey mullein,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Eremocarpus,setigerus, ,doveweed,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,acalyphoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,acalyphoides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,aegyptiaca, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,aegyptiaca, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,albomarginata, ,whitemargin spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,aleppica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,aleppica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,arguta,syn ,,,,,”fields, gardens”,E Medit,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Euphorbia,canariensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,chamaesyce, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,chamaesyce, ,,,,,,Southern Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,chamaesyce, ,groundfig spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,characias ssp. wulfenii ,”syn Euphorbia wulfenii, E. veneta”,Wilczomlecz,,P,,lin.-ob.to13x1cm. YELLOW-GREEN capsule to 7x6mm. 60-90cm.,7 pe. Origin E. Mediterranean region,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,characius,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,characius,ssp wulfenii,,,,,”Region of origin - Eur, Balkans, Turkey; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread ornamental”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Euphorbia,corollata,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,corollata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,corollata, ,flowering spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,corollata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,cotinifolia, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,cyathophora,,painted spurge,XX,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,cyathophora, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,cyparissias,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,cyparissias, ,Cypress spurge,,,,rupturing seed coat inc. germ at 18-22C,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Euphorbia,cyparissias, ,Cypress Spurge,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark & Ex NW Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,cyparissias, ,Cypress Spurge,,,,,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark & Ex NW Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,cyparissias, ,cypress spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,davidii,E. dentata,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,dendroides,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,dendroides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,dentata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,depauperata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,depauperata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,didiereoides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,dracunculoides, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,dracunculoides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,esula, ,Leafy spurge ,,,,PRELIMINARY LIST OF PLANT SPECIES OF CONCERN: Red alert - high potential to spread,,Pacific Northwest Exotic Pest Plant Council (Weed) Euphorbia,esula, ,Leafy Spurge ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Euphorbia,esula,,"Common Name(s): Leafy spurge, Wolf's milk, Faitour's Grass","Status : Weed Highly Invasive , Additional Comments : Poisonous to livestock, reproduces vegetatively, introduced 1800's ""Perennial, 2-6 feet, flowers greenish yellow, grouped or scattered, leaves spirally arranged, 1-3 inches long ""","Europe. Habitat: Fields, pastures, roadsides"," INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997, weed" Euphorbia,esula,,spurge leafy ,"CLASS B WEED: Class B weeds are non-native species that are presently limited in distribution in King County, Washington State, and pose a serious threat to our resources. Control of these weeds is mandatory in King County.",,Noxious Weeds in Washington State Euphorbia,esula, Euphorbia virgata,Leafy spurge,,,,vegetative propagation by transplanting pieces of root; seed germ on filter paper moistened with 0.2% KNO3 soln than at alt. temp of 20C for 16hrs-30C for 8hrs with 1st 10days at 30C with light,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Euphorbia,esula, ,Leafy Spurge,,,,”E. gmelinii, E. zhiguliensis”,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark & Ex NW Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,esula, ,Leafy Spurge,,,,”E. gmelinii, E. zhiguliensis”,”Mainland Europe, except Denmark & Ex NW Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,esula, ,leafy spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,esula, ,”leafy spurge, Hungarian spurge”,,P,,” One of the world's weed villains, _Euphorbia esula_ (leafy spurge,or Hungarian spurge) exhibits several negative traits: its latexcauses severe dermatitis in humans and grazing animals, and is unpal-atable and toxic to cattle and horses. _E. esula has”,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,exigua,,,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,exigua, ,,,,,”54% germ of seeds treated with 4% soln of boric acid for 24hrs, alt. temp of 20C-8hrs & 2.5C-6hrs “,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Euphorbia,exigua, ,Dwarf Spurge,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,exigua, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,falcata,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,falcata, ,Sickle Spurge,,,,E. acuminata,Mainland Europe except extreme NE Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,falcata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,ferox, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,fimbriata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,forsskalii,syn E. aegyptiaca; E. thymifolia,,,,,”fields, roadsides, waste ground”,”trop. Afr, Arabia, E Medit”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Euphorbia,gaillardoti, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,gaillardoti, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,glomerifera, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,glomerifera, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,granulata,syn ,,,,,”fields bordering desert regions, in sandy soils”,”N Afr, Sahara, E Afr, E Medit, Arabia”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Euphorbia,handiensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,hedyotoides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,helioscopia,,sun spurge,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,helioscopia, ,Sun spurge,,,,optimum temp for germ 20C constant,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Euphorbia,helioscopia, ,Sun Spurge,,,,,All Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,helioscopia,syn ,Sun spurge,,,,”fields, gardens, orchards”,”Medit, Eur, Afr, W & C Asia; introduced into many temp. regions of the world”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Euphorbia,helioscopia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,helioscopia, ,”sun spurge, sun euphorbia”,,,,”Euphorbia helioscopia is an annual monoecious herb with milky sap. It is a reported weed of 23 crops in nearly 50 countries and is most often reported in cereals, vegetables and vineyards. Seeds of E. helioscopia may contaminate harvested grain, while oc”,native to the temperate regions of Eurasia but has adapted to subtropical conditions.,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Euphorbia,helioscopia, ,sun spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,heterophylla,”Euphorbia geniculata, Euphorbia prunifolia, Poinsettia geniculata, Poinsettia heterophylla”,”milkweed, desert spurge, Mexican fire plant, wild poinsettia, yellow spurge”,X,LP,Qld,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,heterophylla, ,Wild Pointsettia,,,,”linuron 1990 Equador Corn, Soybean “, http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Euphorbia,heterophylla, ,Wild Pointsettia,,,,imidazolinones 1992 Brazil Soybean , http://www.pioneer.net/~heapian/ heapian@pioneer.net 1997,International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Ian Heap Euphorbia,heterophylla,” Euphorbia geniculata, Euphorbia prunifolia, Poinsettia geniculata, Poinsettia heterophylla”,”milkweed, desert spurge, Mexican fire plant, wild poinsettia, yellow spurge”,,,,”overseas milkweed is recorded as a major weed of crops such as cocoa, coffee, cowpeas, maize, paw paw, peanuts, sorghum, soybeans, sugarcane, tea & upland rice, the green stems of mature plants often clogging harvesting machinery & preventing harvest com”,”native of trop & subtrop Amer, it has spread to most of the trop world & some of the warmer temp regions; it now occurs in at least 65 countries & is a major weed in Fiji, Ghana, Mexico, Philippines, Indonesia & Thailand; it is an imprt. weed in a further”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Euphorbia,heterophylla,syn ,,,,,”summer weed in fields, gardens, orchards”,native to C Amer; naturalised in many trop. & subtrop regions of the world,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Euphorbia,heterophylla, ,milkweed,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,heterophylla, ,”painted spurge, fire plant, wild poinsettia, various leaved euphorbia”,,,,”Euphorbia heterophylla is very widespread, its use an ornamental plant helped it spread into the US and Colombia. It is a reported weed of 31 crops in 56 countries and is frequently reported a weed of soybeans, maize, sugarcane and other plantation crops.”,”originated in tropical Amer, it now occurs in much of Afr and Asia.”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Euphorbia,heterophylla, ,milkweed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,heterophylla (=E. geniculata), ,painted spurge,,,,”tropical Asia (SE Asia?), field crops, roadside”,Cook Islands; Fiji; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Euphorbia,hirta,,asthma plant,XH,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,hirta,syn E. pilulifera,,,,,”fields, especially in Upper Egypt; introduced around 1930 & naturalised”,native of S USA & C Amer; naturalised in many trop. & subtrop. regions of the Old World,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Euphorbia,hirta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,hirta,”syn Euphorbia pilulifera, Chamaesyce hirta”,”asthma herb, milkweed, hairy spurge”,,,,”sunny to lightly shaded, not too moist, grassy sites, along roads, premises, often between stones; locally common; flowers all year round, up to 3000 seeds/plant; a high percentage of seed germination; early colonizer of bare land; upland & gogo rancah r”,”tropical Amer, pantropical, partly subtropical; introd into Indonesia a long time ago; has since spread throughout”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Euphorbia,hirta, ,garden spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,horomboensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,humifosa, ,,,,,”E. polygonysperma, Chamaesyce humifusa”,Central Europe into Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,humifosa, ,,,,,”E. polygonysperma, Chamaesyce humifusa”,Central Europe into Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,humistrata,,spreading spurge,,,,”RANK 3. “LESSER THREAT”Exotic plant species which seem to principally spread and remain in disturbed corridors, not readily invading natural areas; also some agronomic weeds.”,,Invasive Exotic Pest Plants in Tennessee Euphorbia,hypericifolia,”syn Euphorbia parviflora, Euphorbia reniformis”,milkweed,,,,”especially in heavier soils, on sunny, grassy sites, lawns; 1-1200m alt; locally very common, but usually scattered; upland & gogo rancah rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”tropical Amer, lower montane zone in Java”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Euphorbia,hyssopifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,hyssopifolia, ,hyssop spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,indica,syn ,,,,,”fields, gardens, orchards; more abundant in Upper Egypt than in the Nile Delta; introduced & naturalised”,,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Euphorbia,lathyrus,Tithymalus lathyris,”caper, Cape spurge”,HXX,NLP,Tas,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,lathyrus, ,Caper Spurge,,,,”Dispersal: Water. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,13”,”Introduced deliberately from: Eur and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Euphorbia,lathyrus, ,,,,,dormant at harvest; removal of seed coat 100% germ at 20C in darkness within 5-6days,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Euphorbia,lathyrus, ,caper spurge,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,lathyrus, ,caper spurge,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,liatrideum, ,????,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,liatrideum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,lucida, ,shining spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,maculata,,spotted spurge,w,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,maculata, ,,,,,,Scattered in Central & SW Europe,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,maculata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,maculata, ,,,,, , Upland Japan ,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Euphorbia,maculata, ,spotted spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,marginata,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,marginata, ,Snow-on-the-mountain,,,,”prechilling seed at 3-5C for 50days, moistening substratum with 0.2%KNO3 soln at alt. temp 20-30C gave complete germ”,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Euphorbia,marginata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,marginata, ,snow-on-the-mountain,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,micromera, ,littleleaf spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,microphylla, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,microphylla, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,milii,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,nutans, ,,,,,”E. preslii, Chamaesyce nutans”,Southern Europe except S Greece,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,nutans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,oblongata, ,Oblong Spurge ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Euphorbia,oerstediana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,oerstediana, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,pachypodioides, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,paralias,,sea spurge,HXXH,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,paralias, ,Sea Spurge,,,,”Dispersal: Water,Wind. Life Form: Perennial herb. RISK: Serious threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 1”,”Med,Euras, In Victoria: Rare or localised, small populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Euphorbia,paralias, ,Sea spurge,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,paralias, ,Sea spurge,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,peplus,,petty spurge,XXH,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,peplus, ,Petty spurge,,,,good germ with alt. temp of 10-18C ,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Euphorbia,peplus, ,Petty Spurge,,,,,”SE & SW Europe, UK & Eire”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,peplus,syn ,Petty spurge,,,,”winter weed in fields, gardens, orchards”,”Medit, Eur, W & C Asia; introduced into many regions of the world”,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Euphorbia,peplus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,peplus, ,petty spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,platyphyllos,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,platyphyllos, ,Broad leaved Spurge,,,,,”Mainland Europe & UK, except Denmark & Ex NW Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,platyphyllos, ,Broad leaved Spurge,,,,,”Mainland Europe & UK, except Denmark & Ex NW Europe”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,prostrata,syn ,,,,,”lawns, gardens, fields; introduced & naturalised”,native of trop. Amer; naturalised in various parts of the Old World,”The Weed Flora of Egypt Boulos, L., & Nabil el-Hadidi, M” Euphorbia,prostrata, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,prunifolia,syn Euphorbia geniculata,,,,,”roadsides, waste places & fields, boundaries of coffee plantations; often locally common; sunny to lightly shaded; 0-1500m; upland rice fields, a weed of minor importance, but sometimes troublesome because it may become very abundant locally, in Java a br”,”tropical S Amer, throughout Indonesia, except Kalimantan & Sulawesi”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Euphorbia,prunifolia,syn ,”spurge, wild spurge, painted euphorbia”,,,,”Euphorbia prunifolia is an annual weed found in cultivated fields, plantation crops, gardens and noncropped areas. It is a reported weed of27 crops in nearly 30 countries and frequently infests plantation crops, cotton and maize.”,”native to the tropical Americas, but is widespread in eastern Afr and Asia.”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Euphorbia,segetalis,,shortstem carnation weed,X,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,segetalis, ,Meadow Spurge,,,,E. tetraceras,Central & Southern Europe except S Greece,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,segetalis, ,Shortstem carnation weed,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,segetalis, ,Shortstem carnation weed,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,serpens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,serpens, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,serrata, ,Serrate Spurge ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Euphorbia,serrata, ,,,,,,SW Europe inc Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,serrata, ,,,,,,SW Europe inc Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,serrata, ,toothed spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,serrula, ,sawtooth spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,spp., ,,,,,Initial list of Invasive weeds nominated by Aliens list members,,”Aliens List, Nominated Worst Invasive Weeds” Euphorbia,stellata,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,stellata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,stevenii,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,sulcata, ,,,,,,SW Europe inc Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,sulcata, ,,,,,,SW Europe inc Italy,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Euphorbia,supina, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,supina, ,prostrate spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,supina, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,terracina,,”false caper, Geraldton carnation weed, terracina spurge”,XH,L,SA; WA,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,terracina, ,”false caper, Geraldton carnation weed, terracina spurge”,,,,,native of the Medit region does not apperar to have become widespread outside its native habitat,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Euphorbia,terracina, ,FALSE caper ,,,,” PROCLAIMED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA, AUGUST 1996 # Plant must be destroyed. * Control required in part of the State only. + Control not required. n Notifiable in part of the State. N Notifiable throughout the State. c Special program in south-ea”,” Sale of Plant, or Produce, Goods etc. Prohibited in South Australia (Section 54(1) (2) applies) Roadside control cost to be met by adjoining Landholder (Section 60 applies) Mov”,”South Australian ““Proclaimed Plants”“ (Weed)” Euphorbia,terracina, ,”false caper, Geraldton carnation weed”,,,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,terracina, ,”false caper, Geraldton carnation weed”,,P,, Declared spp. under ARRPA,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,thymifolia, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Euphorbia,tirucalli,,”naked lady, pencil tree”,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,tirucalli, ,,,,,Region of origin - Afr; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Euphorbia,variegata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,veneta,Euphorbia characias sub sp. wulfenii,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Euphorbia,veneta,= Euphorbia characias sub sp. wulfenii,,,P,,,Origin E. Mediterranean region,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia,vermiculata, ,hairy spurge,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Euphorbia,viguieri, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Euphorbia ,cyparissias, ,cypress spurge,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Euphorbia ,esula, ,leafy spurge,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Euphorbia ,lathyrus, Tithymalus lathyris,caper spurge,,,,the milky sap is acrid & the fruits are purgative & toxic,”native of southern Eur & W Asia; introd to the USA, Afr, NZ & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Flueggea,virosa,,flueggea,,,,”Catergory II - Species that shown a potential to disrupt native plant communities. These species may become ranked as Catergory I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. “,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Hevea,brasiliensis,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hevea,spp.,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hevea,spp., ,,,P,,,Note import conditions exceptions,Western Australian Prohibited List Hura,crepitans, ,,,,,”Region of origin - W Indes, Costa Rica, S Amer; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread forestry”,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Hura,crepitans,,sand-box tree,S,P,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Hura,crepitans, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Hura,crepitans, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Jatropha,curcas,Adenoropium gossypifolium,”physic nut, Barbados nut, curcas bean, purge nut, purging nut”,HHw,LP,NT,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Jatropha,curcas, ,”physic nut, Barbados nut, curcas bean, purge nut, purging nut”,,,,”fresh seeds are highly toxic,anything form 3-50 seeds may cause problems; no reports of stock poisoning in Aust; toxic principles includes a purgative oil & the toxalbumin-curcin”,”native of the Caribbean region, has been introd as a hedge & ornamental plant to many countries including Eur, Afr, India, Indonesia, Philippines, & some Pacific Is. & Aust”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Jatropha,curcas, ,physic nut,,,,,,Weed Science List Jatropha,curcas, ,physic nut,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Jatropha,gossypifolia, ,cotton-leaved physic nut,,,,”, Poisonous Plant Toxicity Bibliography: D authorsDas, B.; Banerji, J. (1988) Arylnaphthalene lignan from Jatrophagossypifolia. Phytochemistry 27(11):3684-3686”,French Polynesia; New Caledonia ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Jatropha,gossypifolia,,”bellyache bush, cotton-leaf physic nut”,XHH,L,”NT,WA”,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Jatropha,gossypifolia, ,”bellyache bush, cotton-leaf physic nut”,,,,,”native of the Caribbean region, has been introd as an ornamental to a number of countries including Afr, Madagascar, India, Indonesia & PNG”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Jatropha,gossypifolia, ,bellyache bush,,,,Subordinate taxa: Jatropha gossypiifolia var. staphysagrifolia Uses for taxon: Medicines: folklore (contains irritants fide Hecker 1987) Vertebrate poisons: mammals (fide Everist 1981; Kingsbury 1964; Moldenke 1951; Lampe & McCann 1985) ,Brazil; Peru; Mexico; Antigua and Barbuda; Guadeloupe; Dominica; St. Lucia; St. Kitts and Nevis: Grin TaxonFrench Polynesia; New Caledonia (DF Waterhouse),Weed Science List Jatropha,gossypifolia, ,”bellyache bush, cotton-leaf physic-nut “,,P,,Subordinate taxa: Jatropha gossypiifolia var. staphysagrifolia Uses for taxon: Medicines: folklore (contains irritants fide Hecker 1987) Vertebrate poisons: mammals (fide Everist 1981; Kingsbury 1964; Moldenke 1951; Lampe & McCann 1985) ,Brazil; Peru; Mexico; Antigua and Barbuda; Guadeloupe; Dominica; St. Lucia; St. Kitts and Nevis GRIN TaxonFrench Polynesia; New Caledonia (DF Waterhouse),Western Australian Prohibited List Jatropha,podagrica,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Macaranga,harveyana, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Macaranga,harveyana, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Macaranga,triloba, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Macaranga,triloba, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Mallotus,japonicus, ,,,,, Weeds of sown grassland ,,Weeds and Weed Control in Asia Manihot,esculenta,,tapioca,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Manihot,esculenta, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Manihot,esculenta, ,tapioca,,P,,Banned by AQIS,,Western Australian Prohibited List Manihot,flabellifolium, ,,,,,Region of origin - trop Amer; Extent of spread - localised; Means of spread - ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Manihot,glaziovii,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Manihot,grahamii,M. flabellifolia misapplied in NSW,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Manniophyton,fulvum, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Manniophyton,fulvum, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Mareya,aristata,,,S,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Mercuralis,annua, ,Annual Mercury,,,,M. ambigua,”All Europe except Ext NW Europe, less in Eire & Scandinavia”,Hanf “Arable Weeds of the World” Mercurialis,annua,,Mercury weed,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Mercurialis,annua, ,,,,,optimum temp for germ is constant 20 or 25C; germ didn't exceed 19% even at optimum temps,,Germination & Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes Mercurialis,annua, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Micrococca,mercurialis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Micrococca,mercurialis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Monadenium,schubei, ,,,P,,,Note import conditions exceptions,Western Australian Prohibited List Monadenium,yattanum, ,,,P,,,Note import conditions exceptions,Western Australian Prohibited List Omalanthus,populifolius,,”bleeding heart, native poplar”,X,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Pedilanthus,tithymaloides,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Phyllanthus,amarus, ,,,,,”, field crops, roadsides”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tokelau; Tonga; Vanuatu ,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Phyllanthus,amarus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Phyllanthus,corcovadensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Phyllanthus,corcovadensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Phyllanthus,debilis,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Phyllanthus,debilis,syn Phyllanthus niruri,lagoon spurge,,,,”in sunny or somewhat shaded, moist, preferably fertile soils in gardens & fields, along roads, & in grasslands; 0-2000m alt; locally abundant, but not forming vegetation; upland & gogo rancah rice fields, a weed of minor importance as it roots superficial”,”tropcial Asia, tropics of Asia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Phyllanthus,diffusus, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Phyllanthus,diffusus, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Phyllanthus,emblica,,”Indian gooseberry, myrobalan”,S,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Phyllanthus,niruri, ,”phyllanthus, lagoom spurge, carry me seed, quinine weed, seed underleaf”,,,,”Phyllanthus niruri is an erect, slender, branched annual herb whichemerges with the first rains and competes with a wide range of annual and perennial crops. It is particularly troublesome in Asia. It is reported as a weed of 32 crops in 59 countries, and”,”originated in West Indies; now tropical, subtropical andpantropical”,WORLD WEEDS Natural Histories & Distribution - Holm et. al. Phyllanthus,niruri, ,niruri,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Phyllanthus,tenellus,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Phyllanthus,tenellus, ,,,,,”Newly reported in WA, see Hnatiuk record 6018”,,Weed Science List Phyllanthus,urinaria,syn ,,,,,”in Java from 0-1500m alt.; grows together with Phyllanthus debilis, a weed of minor importance, it contains the better phyllantin, poisonous inlarge quantities; it contains much potassium, which produces diuretic effects; it is used against fever, dysente”,”tropical Asia, Asia; throughout Indonesia”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Phyllanthus,virgatus,syn Phyllanthus simplex,,,,,”in regions with a pronounced dry season; arable lands, grassy spots; 0750m alt; upland & gogo rancah rice fields, a weed of minor importance, “,”tropical Asia, tropics of Asia; throughout Indonesia, except Kalimantan”,”Weeds of Rice in Indonesia, Soerjani et al, 1987” Ricinus,communis, ,”castor oil plant, castor bean”,,,,”, vegetables, roadsides, waste places”,Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; New Caledonia; Niue; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Western Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tonga; Vanuatu; Wallis & Futuna,”“Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Foresty in the Southern and Western Pacific”, D.F Waterhouse” Ricinus,communis,,”castor oil plant, castor bean, palma christi”,XXXXHXX,NL,NSW; NT,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Ricinus,communis, ,Castor Bean ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Ricinus,communis, ,Castor Oil Plant,,,,Dispersal: Water. Life Form: Large Small to medium shrubhrub. RISK: Potential threat to one or vegetation formations (Victoria). Vegetation Formations Invaded: 8,”Introduced deliberately from: Af and Commercially Available, , In Victoria: Limited distribution, medium to large populations”,Environmental Weed Invasions In Victoria Ricinus,communis, ,Castor Oil Plant ,,,,TREES.,,”Environmental Weeds Of North Coast NSW, John Nagle, Greening Australia, 1995” Ricinus,communis, ,”castor oil plant, castor bean, palma christi”,,,,”nauseating odour when leaves are crushed, the plant is unpalatable & rarely, if ever, eaten by stock; seed contains highly toxic phytotoxin ricin, a glycoprotein & small amounts of the less toxic alkaloid ricinine; ricin is extremely toxic if injected the”,”native of Afr & Eur-Asia which has been introd to most countries of the world; it si cultivated extensively in France, Italy, Spain & the West Indies, & the southern USA”,”Noxious Weeds of Australia, P & C” Ricinus,communis, ,castor bean,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Ricinus,communis, ,castor-oil plant,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: riverbanks, riverbeds, roadsides, wastelandCultivated for: ornament, castor-oil”,Origin: tropical Afr,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ricinus,communis, ,castor-oil plant,,,,”Woody SpeciesInvades: riverbanks, riverbeds, roadsides, wastelandCultivated for: ornament, castor-oil”,Origin: tropical Afr,Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. (Weeds) Ricinus,communis, ,castor oil plant,,,,,,Weed Science List Ricinus,communis, ,castorbean,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sapium,sebiferum,,Chinese tallow,X,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Sapium,sebiferum, ,Chinese Tallow ,,,,”California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI) A combined government/private/non-profit effort to establish a database, accessible through the Internet, containing information on noxious weed control in California. This information will f”,,Californian Noxious Weed Sapium,sebiferum, ,Chines tallow tree,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Sapium,sebiferum, ,tallowtree,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Sapium,sebiferum,,"tallowtree, popcorn tree","Nature: Shade-tolerant, small trees growing to 40 ft that spreads bybird-dispersed seeds (Jones and McLeod 1989). Uses: Waxy seeds traditionally used to make candles. Honey plant forbeekeeping. Ornamental.Herbicide control: No control research reports fou",Origin: Introduced from China to the U.S. gulf coast in early 1900's .Range: Coastal plain from NC south to FL to TX with severe infestations onwet forest sites and coastal prairies in east TX to FL. Occurs as ornamentalin OK and AR.,"EXOTIC INVASIVE PLANTS IN SOUTHEASTERN FORESTS, James H. Miller, Southern Research Station USDA Forest Service Auburn University, AL, weed" Sapium,sebiferum,,”popcorn tree, Chinese tallow tree”,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Sebestiania,spp., ,Mexican jumping beans,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Stillingia,sylvatica, ,queensdelight,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Synadenium,grantii,,,,N,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Synadenium,grantii, ,,,,,Region of origin - Uganda to Zimbabwe; Extent of spread - localised ; Means of spread ornamental,,CRC for Weeds Tech Series Report # 3 Tragia,benthami, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Tragia,benthami, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Vernicia,fordii,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Vernicia,fordii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Fabaceae Abrus,precatorius,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Abrus,precatorius, ,,,,,Weed of aquatic ecosystems Web Address: http://hammock.ifas.ufl.edu/text/fw/19934.htm,,”Florida Weeds, FAIRS.” Abrus,precatorius, ,”crab's eyes, rosary pea”,,,,From lists and sources by Faith Campbell and John Randall,,”Plant Invaders of Parks and Natural Areas, US National Parks, weed” Abrus,precatorius, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Abrus,precatorius, ,precatory bean,,,,”Source: “USA Composite List of Weeds” published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966”,,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 Abrus,precatorius, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Abrus,precatoruis,,rosary pea,,,,”Catergory I - Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographical range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused.”,,List of Florida's Most Invasive Species - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Acacia,abyssinica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acacia,abyssinica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,acatalensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,adansonii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acacia,adansonii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,adenocalyx, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acacia,adenocalyx, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,adhaerens, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acacia,adhaerens, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,aemula, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,alata,,,,NP,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Acacia,alata, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,albida, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acacia,albida, ,syn.Faidherbia albida,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,alocophylla, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,amazonica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acacia,amazonica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,amythethophylla, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acacia,amythethophylla, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,ancistroclada, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acacia,ancistroclada, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,ancistrophylla, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,andamanica, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acacia,andamanica, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,andongensis, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acacia,andongensis, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,angustissima,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised and/or Noxious Taxa Acacia,ankokib, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acacia,ankokib, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,antunesii, ,,,,,,,Weed Science List Acacia,antunesii, ,,,P,,,,Western Australian Prohibited List Acacia,arabi
