Reviewing the integration of Biochemical aspects in the
Modules of 1st Semester
What is biochemistry and why is it important
Objectives
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Recognize the organization of bio-molecules in a living organism
Identify the importance of bio-molecules in human life
Recognize the Integration of biochemical aspects with in the cell and blood and
Loco-motor system.
Biochemical Organization in the living Organisms
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Elements– C, N, S, Fl, ……
Molecules- H2O, CH4
Macro molecules ---- Bio-molecules
Biomolecule:
– Major Classes of Biomolecule (Functional Groups)
– Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, vitamins, Hemoglobin, etc
Organization of elements in to…. molecules, macromolecules, cells,………
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Biochemical Organization in Order is necessary for life : How
Biochemical Reactions, Energy, Metabolism, Respiration, Digestion, Genetic
Information Processing,
The Living World
• All living species are composed of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
• Living organisms are classified in to three domains:
1.
bacteria
2.
archaea
3.
eukarya
All cells contain…
• Water, 80%
• Proteins, 12%
• Carbohydrates
• Nucleic Acids
3% combined
• Vitamins
• Lipids, 3%
• Salts & minerals, 2%
• Note: the body contains more water outside the cell.
Chemistry of Life Outline
Properties of Water
A. Cohesion, Adhesion, and Surface Tension
B. Temperature Effects
C. Solvent Properties
II. Acids and Bases
A. Properties
B. pH Scale
C. Buffers
D. Salts
Water
• Where it is in our body?
Water Distribution:
• What is the importance of water?
Fluid compartments: Intracellular, Extra cellular –
ECF: heterogeneous
 Plasma
 Interstitial and Lymph fluid
 Fluid of dense connective tissue, cartilage ,bones
Tran cellular fluid – Collection foremost by the transport or secretary.
a. In salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and biliary tract, skin, mucous of respiratory tract
& GIT.
b. Fluids present in spaces within the
- eyes (aqueous humor)
- CSF in spiral card, ventricles of brain
- with lumen of the GIT
Normal Water Balance
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Intake of water
– Water drunk in response of thirst.
– Water along with food within there molecules
– Metabolic water
– Produced from Oxidation of food each grain of CHO – 0.56 ml
– Fats – 1.07 ml
• Protein of water 0.34 ml of water on complete oxidation
– In general 10-15 ml of water are produced per 100 calories of energy
produced
Loss
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Normally in health, the intake of water is more than the loss via skin, lungs and
feaces and the surplus is excreted by the kidney.
Proteins
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Definition
Classification
Importance
Amino acids link to form proteins. Amino acids are the building blocks of life!
There are only 20 amino acids working in human body. There are, however, an infinite
number of proteins that can be formed.
Lipids
• Definition
• Classification
• Importance
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All fats provide necessary insulation, lubrication, and flexibility of an organism’s cells
Carbohydrates
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Definition
Classification
Importance
Basic source of energy (contains hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen) , Classified in to
Monosaccharide, Disaccharides, oligo and polysaccharides on the basis of sugar
components. Examples: Sugars (glucose), Starches (storage of glucose), Cellulose (cell
walls)
• When glucose if broken, ATP is released ATP is ENERGY for the cell
Vitamins
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Definition
Classification
Importance
Nucleic Acids
• Definition
• Classification
• Importance
Large molecules that function in genetics. Two types
DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid)
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
Three functions
Pass information on to the next generation
Make proteins
Control all cell functions
Enzymes
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Definition
Classification
Function
are proteins that speed up specific reactions in cells.
Activation Energy: Energy needed to start a reaction
Catalyst: Compound that speed up reactions without being changed during the reaction.
Enzymes act as a catalyst by lowering the activation energy of a biochemical
reaction.
Minerals
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Definition
Classification
Importance
Biochemical components of Cell
Working biochemistry of Blood
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Hemoglobin : Structure and function
Synthesis
Degradation
Thalasemia
Hemoglobinopathies
Blood Investigations
Biochemical aspects of Musculoskeletal system
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Chemical Composition of Bones
Role of chemical components during muscle contractions
Conclusion
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Biochemistry is use less and not important for life