Review Sheet: DNA and Central Dogma
Completed review = 10% added onto test score!!
DNA:
1.
How many strands does DNA have?
2.
Which bases always pair together on the ‘rungs’ of the ladder?
3.
What are the 2 components of the backbone of DNA?
4.
Compare the bonds between: a.
The base pairs and the backbone b.
Between the base pairs (eg: between A and T)
5.
What is the complementary strand to this strand of DNA: AATTCCGAC
6.
What role did the following play in the DNA extraction: crushing, soap, ethanol, pineapple juice
7.
What are the roles of DNA polymerase and helicase in DNA replication?
Proteins:
8.
Proteins are made up of long chains of _________ _________.
9.
Proteins vary in both _________ and _________ of amino acids
10.
The primary structure of a protein is its specific amino acid sequence. What causes the protein to fold into its final 3D shape?
11.
Give 2 examples of proteins in humans; & 2 in other organisms
12.
What are enzymes? Why are they important for all living organisms?
Central dogma:
13.
mRNA is similar to DNA but is only has ___ strand and uses _____ instead of
T
14.
How much DNA is copied into mRNA at a time?
15.
Why is it necessary for a copy of a gene to be made (in the form of mRNA)?
16.
Where does transcription occur in a cell? Where does translation occur?
17.
Transcribe then translate the following template of DNA. Assume this is the beginning of the DNA, so don’t start translating until you hit the ‘start codon’!
A C G C G C T A C C G A A T G G C A C G G T A G A T T C G C…
Summarize the central dogma as the following steps:
18.
DNA (gene)

___________________

________________
19.
What do we call the step from DNA to mRNA?
20.
What do we call the step from mRNA to protein?
21.
What is “gene expression”?
22.
What does it mean to “regulate” gene expression. Write an example of a gene that might be regulated.
23.
At what point in gene expression would the gene be regulated?