Supplementary Table 3: Non-proteomic studies to discover biomarkers of renal cell
carcinoma (RCC)
Biomarker(s) ‡:
Samples†
VEGF/bFGF
n = 10 donors (stable disease), n
= 19 donors (progressive
disease).
Soluble-CAIX
n = 5 non-RCC donors, n = 22
RCC donors.
NMP22
n = 23 RCC (n = 21 with radical
nephrectomy, n = 2 with partial
nephrectomy), n = 20 control
donors.
N=30 confirmed RCC cases, n=2
patients with oncocytomas, n=33
patients with abdominal
trauma/pain or with kidney
stones/renal cysts.
n = 42 patients with renal
tumours, n=30 control patients,
and n=10 prostate cancer
patients.
n = 34 RCC donors sampled
before and after nephrectomy.
Human Kidney-Injury Molecule-1
(hKIM-1).
Urinary glycosaminoglycans
Aquaporin-1 and adipophilin-1.
n = 42 RCC patients, n = 19
healthy volunteers, n = 15
patients undergoing non-renal
surgery.
Study design and diagnostic/prognostic
utility‡.
Reference(s)
ELISA-Based study: Urinary
concentrations increase during progressive
disease but not within patients with stable
disease.
WB-based study: Soluble CAIX levels
decrease within urine following
nephrectomy.
ELISA-Based study: NMP22 levels are
higher in the group with RCC and drop post
nephrectomy. ),
(1)
Immunological NMP22 Test: NMP22
levels higher within RCC-patients than
controls. Statistically significant difference
observed between the two groups
(p<0.005).
ELISA-Based study: hKIM-1 detectable
within RCC urine and decreases post
nephrectomy. hKIM-1 levels distinguished
RCC from other conditions with p<0.005.
Biochemical measurement. Higher
glycosaminoglycans secretion in patients
with larger tumours. Higher rate of
glycosaminoglycan secretion with
increasing tumour size (r = 0.8235, p <
0.001), no correlation of glycosaminoglycan
excretion observed with tumour stage. In n
= 3 donors with multiple tumour foci very
high rates of glycosaminoglycan secretion.
WB-based study. The level of AQP1 and
ADFP was observed to be greater within the
urine of patients with clear cell and
papillary carcinoma urinary than within the
urine of cancer patients with RCC tumours
of non-proximal tubular origin. AQP1 and
ADFP levels correlate with tumour size (r =
0.82 AQP1, and r = 0.76 ADFP, p<0.001 in
both cases).
(4)
(2)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
†All samples are human and urine unless otherwise specified; n numbers refer to number with
condition unless otherwise stated,
‡Abbreviations used for proteomic techniques are defined within the text and list of common
abbreviations.
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