2013 Fishing Season
CORAL SEA FISHERY
MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS BOOKLET
Executive Summary
This booklet details the management arrangements that apply for the Coral Sea Fishery (CSF)
for the 2013 fishing season.
This Management Arrangements booklet is not intended to replace any other document relating
to management of the CSF but is intended as a guide only. If you have any questions relating to
management of the fishery please contact AFMA Direct on 1300 723 621. Additional contact
details for relevant AFMA staff are provided towards the end of this booklet.
The CSF is a relatively small but diverse fishery, targeting a wide range of species with methods
including line, trap, trawl and hand collection. Entry to the CSF is limited to the existing 16
fishing permits. The CSF covers waters from the east of Sandy Cape (Fraser Island) to east of
Cape York. The fishery commences east of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and extends to
the edge of the Australian Fishing Zone. It excludes the areas of the Coringa-Herald and Lihou
Reef National Nature Reserves. Together the Nature Reserves cover approximately 17,000
square kms of coral reef habitat.
The fishery is managed by AFMA in consultation with a range of stakeholders under the
Fisheries Management Act 1991 (the Act). Policies such as harvest strategies, bycatch and
discard plans and voluntary industry codes also contribute to the management of the fishery.
IMPORTANT NOTE
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this document is correct
and accurate at the time of printing. However the information provided is intended to serve as a
guide only, and therefore AFMA shall in no way be liable for any loss caused, whether due to
negligence or otherwise, arising from the use of or reliance upon this document. The document is
not intended to replace any operator’s concession concerning the conditions under which they
are required to operate. Depending on the conditions attached to a concession, some of the items
discussed in this booklet may not apply to a particular fishing operation.
COVER PHOTO: COURTESY OF AFMA
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 2
1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FISHERY ................................................................... 4
2.
MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS ...............................................................11
3.
CONSULTATION PROCESSES ......................................................................11
4.
TARGET AND BYCATCH SPECIES ...............................................................11
5.
HARVEST STRATEGIES – AN OVERVIEW ...................................................13
6.
FISHERY SECTORS – GEAR AND METHOD DESCRIPTIONS ....................22
7.
PERMITS .........................................................................................................25
8.
LEVIES ............................................................................................................25
9.
CARRIAGE OF FISHERY OBSERVERS ........................................................26
10.
INTEGRATED COMPUTER VESSEL MONITORING SYSTEM .....................27
11.
ACCREDITATION UNDER THE EPBC ACT 1999 ..........................................28
12.
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................28
13.
IMPACTS OF THE FISHERY ON THE ECOSYSTEM .....................................31
14.
SPATIAL ISSUES ............................................................................................32
15.
CONTACTS .....................................................................................................34
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1. Description of the fishery
The CSF lies east of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and extends to the edge of the
Australian Fishing Zone (Figure 1). The fishery extends north from Sandy Cape (Fraser Island),
to Cape York. The CSF often experiences adverse weather conditions which can make fishing
difficult at certain times of the year. Participation in the CSF is limited to 16 fishing permits; this
means that new entrants to the fishery must transfer an existing CSF fishing permit into their
name before entering the fishery. Table 1 provides an overview of the fishery including the
different sectors and fishing permit conditions.
Figure 1: Area of the Coral Sea Fishery.
4
Table 1: Overview of the Coral Sea Fishery.
Sector
General Permit conditions
All Sectors
Multiple jurisdiction fishing trips not permitted except where an AFMA observer is on the boat and prior approval has been
granted by AFMA
Transhipping of fish not permitted
Prohibited species:
 tuna and tuna like species (Scombridae, Bramidae (pomfrets or ray’s bream)) except for mackerels (genera
Scomberomorus, Scomber, Acanthorcybium, Grammatorcynus and Rastrelliger)
 billfish (families Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae)
 any species listed under the EPBC Act
 Humphead Maori Wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) (except for Aquarium Sector permit holders who are authorised to take a
total of 50 specimens during the season (25 per concession holder). Concession holders are required to record in the
‘Comments’ section of their logbook, the number of specimens taken per trip, their size and latitude/longitude information.
To further restrict the impacts of fishing on deepwater sharks, permit conditions for 2013-2014 were changed to prohibit the
take of deepwater dogfishes of the following species – Harrisson’s Dogfish (C. harrissoni), Endeavour Dogfish (C.
moluccensis), Southern Dogfish (C. zeehaani) and Greeneye Spurdog (Squalus chloroculus) by all sectors. The condition
also outlines that in the event deepwater dogfishes of the species specified are taken alive, these species must be returned to
the water carefully and quickly
Protected species interactions must be reported to AFMA
Fish may only be sold to an AFMA licensed fish receiver (excluding the Aquarium Sector).
5
Sector
Trawl and
Trap Sector
Number
of
Permits
2
Target species
Fishing method
Tropical finfish and
crustaceans
Otter trawl
(bony fish
including
crustaceans),
demersal finfish
traps (authorised
to take bony fish
only from the
Class
Osteichthyes)
Specific Permit Conditions
Reporting
Logbook (Trawl):
Commonwealth Eastern
Minimum net-mesh size (not less than 38mm)
Finfish Trawl Daily
A Turtle Exclusion Device (TED) required when trawling Fishing
Logbook
for crustaceans
(EFT01B)
Observer required (first trip of season & every 4th trip Logbook (Trap):
thereafter)
Commonwealth
Trap
Trawl
Trap:
Demersal finfish traps must not be used on the same trip
as any other fishing method
Fishing Daily Fishing
Log (TRO1)
CDR:
Commonwealth
Catch
Disposal
Record
Limit on the number of traps (50) and size (1.8m x 1.8m (SESS2A)
x 0.8m)
Traps must be constructed of metal only
In case a trap is lost, all trap doors must be fitted with
sacrificial anodes to allow trap doors to open once the
anode disintegrates
Must be set and hauled individually (not connected in a
sequence) unless exemption from AFMA
Must not be left unattended for longer than one month
An AFMA approved observer required (first trip of the
season and every fourth trip thereafter).
6
Sector
Line and
Trap Sector
Number
of
Permits
8
Target species
Fishing method
Classes
Chondrichthys
(cartilaginous
fishes) and
Osteichthyes
(bony fishes)
Demersal longlines,
trotlines, droplines,
handlines and
demersal finfish
traps. Automatic
baiting is available
for use with the
longline method,
subject to
application and
additional
conditions being
met.
Specific Permit Conditions
Reporting
Auto Longline
An AFMA approved baiting system must be used and
approval obtained from AFMA for the use of automatic
baiting equipment on transfer of a permit or change of the
nominated vessel
Logbook (Line):
Line
Fishing
Daily
Fishing Log (LN01A)
Logbook (Trap):
Trap
Fishing
Daily
Required to have a bird scaring device installed in Fishing Log (TR01)
accordance with the Fisheries Management Regulations
CDR:
1992
Catch
A maximum of 15,000 hooks may be used, stowed or Commonwealth
Disposal
Record
secured on the boat
(SESS2A)
Every shot using the automatic baiting gear must be set in
waters deeper than 200 metres. However, where a
fisheries observer is on board the boat, only 50% of all
hooks using the automatic baiting gear must be set in
waters deeper than 200 metres
Must comply with the Threat Abatement Plan for the
Incidental Catch (or bycatch) of Seabirds during Oceanic
Longline Fishing Operations (2006 TAP)
An AFMA approved observer required (first trip of the
season or after installing automatic baiting equipment and
every fourth trip thereafter if using a “Mustad” system or
every third trip if using a “Best Fishing Gear” system
thereafter)
Other Line
Required to carry an AFMA observer on the first trip of
the season and every fourth trip after that
Trap:
See ‘Trawl and Trap’ above for additional applicable
permit conditions
If intending to use demersal finfish traps on a fishing trip,
all line equipment must be removed prior to leaving port
unless an observer is on board
7
Sector
Lobster and
Trochus
Sector
Number
of
Permits
2
Target species
Fishing method
Trochus
niloticus or
Tectus pyramis
and Tropical
Spiny Rock
Lobster
(Panulirus
ornatus)
Hand collection
with or without
underwater
breathing
apparatus.
Specific Permit Conditions
Reporting
Maximum of two (2) tender boats may be used with the Logbook
nominated boat to hand collect trochus and/or lobster
Trochus):
(Lobster
&
Allows the collection of 10 tonnes of unprocessed trochus Hand Collection Daily
and 10 tonnes of lobster tails (per operator) during the Fishing Log (HC01)
fishing season
CDR:
Size limits: Lobster (prohibited from taking lobster less Hand Collection Catch
than 125mm tail length); Trochus (prohibited from taking Disposal Record (HC02)
trochus that are less than 80mm or more than 125mm
when measured after being taken at the widest part of the
base of the shell)
Move-on provisions apply where the mother ship must be
moved at least 15 nautical miles to a new anchorage once
one tonne of lobster tail or one and a half tonnes of
trochus has been collected from a single reef during the
fishing season.
8
Sector
Aquarium
Sector
Number
of
Permits
2
Target species
Fishing method
Classes
Chondrichthys
(cartilaginous
fishes),
Osteichthyes
(bony fishes)
and live rock
Cast, scoop and
seine nets, and
handlines with
barbless hooks
may be used with
or without the
aid of underwater
breathing
apparatus
Specific Permit Conditions
Reporting
Allows the collection of live fish ( bony fish, sharks, rays,
crustaceans, molluscs and other marine organisms including
live rock but excluding corals, mammals, reptiles and birds)
Logbook (Aquarium):
Aquarium Fish Trip
Logbook (AQ04)
Fish collected for use in aquaria and must not be sold for
human consumption
Coral, Shell Grit & Star
Sand
Fisheries
Logbook (CS03)
Gear restrictions:
Scoop net size (no more than 2 metres in any direction);
maximum mesh size (25mm); hand/shaft length (less than 2.5
metres
Cast net (no more than 6 metres in diameter; 28 mm maximum
mesh size)
Seine net (16 metres length limit; 25mm maximum mesh size
and a drop of less than 3 metres)
Logsheets must be
submitted to the
Queensland
Department of
Agriculture, Fisheries
and Forestry (DAFF)
within one month of
fishing activity
Live rock may only be taken by hand or by using hand held
non-mechanical implements
A maximum of two (2) tender boats may be used with the
nominated vessel
the use of chemicals (including anaesthetics) and explosives are
prohibited
When live rock has been collected, prior reporting to AFMA
required at least two hours prior to the boat mooring or
anchoring at port by email monitoring@afma.gov.au (or fax
(02) 6225 5442
Catch limits:
An annual catch limit of 20 metric tonnes per concession
holder applies for live rock
Catch limit (per operator for the season) of 25 live specimens
of Humphead Maori Wrasse. Concession holders are required
to record in the ‘Comments’ section of their logbook, the
number of specimens taken per trip, their size and
latitude/longitude information.
9
Sector
Sea
Cucumber
Sector
Number
of
Permits
2
Target species
Amberfish (Thelenota
anax)
Blackfish (probably
Actinopynga miliaris)
Black teatfish
(Holothuria whitmaei)
Greenfish (Stichopus
chloronotus)
Lollyfish (Holothuria
atra)
Prickly redfish
(Thelenota ananas)
Sand fish (Holothuria
scabra)
Surf redfish
(Actinapyga
mauritiana)
White teatfish
(Holothuria
fuscogilva)
Deepwater redfish
(Actinopyga echinites)
Elephant’s trunk fish
(Holothuria
fuscopunctata)
Fishing
method
Specific Permit Conditions
Hand
collection
with or
without
underwater
breathing
apparatus.
Seasonal catch limits per operator (based on landed Logbook (Sea
whole wet weight) for:
Cucumber): Hand
Collection Daily
 Black teatfish (500kgs)
Fishing (HC01)
 White teatfish (2 tonnes)
CDR:
 Prickly redfish (10 tonnes)
Hand Collection Catch
 Sandfish (500kgs)
Disposal Record
(HC02)
 Surf redfish (5 tonnes)

5 tonnes of any combination of greenfish and
lollyfish

2.5 tonnes of any other species

75 tonnes total allowable take of sea cucumber
including the above limits
Reporting
Move-on provisions apply where the mother-ship must
move at least 15 nautical miles to a new anchorage once
five tonnes of any species or combination of species has
been collected
Must comply with the Rotational Zone Plan (additional
information provided on Pages 23-25) under which a
number of reefs have been identified over which a
limited amount of fishing activity may be undertaken
over a period
A maximum of two (2) tender boats registered with the
nominated boat may be used.
Curry fish (Stichopus
hermanni)
10
2. Management Arrangements
The Fisheries Management Act 1991 (the Act) and the Fisheries Management Regulations 1992
provide the principal legal framework for the management of the CSF.
A limited number of fishing permits are granted each year under the Act; these permits are
subject to conditions set out in section 32(5) of the Act as well as conditions specified on the
permits. Conditions depend on the sector and the particular permit may include limits on the
number of persons able to fish under the permit at any time, gear restrictions, species size limits,
trigger limits and total allowable catch limits (TACs) as well as spatial controls.
Through an approach known as ecosystem based fisheries management (EBFM), AFMA aims to
minimise the impacts of Commonwealth managed fisheries on all aspects of the marine
ecosystem. AFMA’s adoption of EBFM is a significant departure from traditional fisheries
management with the focus shifted from the direct management of target species to also
considering the impacts on bycatch species, protected (TEP) species, habitats, and communities.
This approach is supported through a range of policies such as harvest strategies, bycatch and
discard plans and voluntary industry codes of practice. Management of the fishery is designed to
be precautionary with more detailed analysis as fishing activity increases. This approach
effectively minimises cost to the fishery while fishing activity and risks of impact are low and
increasing the level of assessment as fishing increases.
3. Consultation processes
AFMA consults a range of stakeholders about any development, implementation and review of
fisheries management arrangements in the CSF. AFMA gives notice of any amendments to
management arrangements to the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population
and Communities (SEWPAC).
There is an overlap of species and management issues with adjoining Queensland State fisheries.
Where appropriate, AFMA consults with Queensland State fisheries managers, and Great Barrier
Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) managers in developing and implementing management
arrangements for the CSF.
4. Target and bycatch species
A wide range of species are taken in the CSF. The species caught will vary depending on the
methods used as well as the areas and time fished. In the past, fishing has in some cases been
exploratory in nature. At other times fishing is extremely targeted. Due to the variability in
species caught and fishing effort across the different fishery sectors, the distinction between
target and bycatch species can be difficult to make. AFMA is currently developing measures to
address bycatch and discarding in all fisheries including the CSF. Work on measures specific to
the CSF commenced in 2009 and will continue to respond to high ecological risks identified
through AFMA’s risk assessment processes and to quantify and minimise overall bycatch in the
fishery. All catch including discarded catch is recorded in logbooks and by observers.
11
Prohibited species
All permits in the CSF prohibit the taking or carrying of the following tuna and tuna like species:

fish of the family Scombridae except fish of the genera Scomberomorus, Scomber,
Acanthocybium, Grammatorcynus and Rastrelliger (commonly known as mackerels)

fish of the families Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae (commonly known as billfish)

fish of the family Bramidae (commonly known as pomfrets or ray’s bream).
All permits excluding aquarium sector permits prohibit the take of Cheilinus undulatus
(commonly known as Humphead Maori Wrasse). Any incidental take of this species must be
returned to the water carefully and as quickly as possible.
Landing requirements for sharks
There are specific landing requirements for sharks (where authorised to take shark):

for all sharks of the Class Chondricthyes, except skates, rays, angel sharks and spurdogs, the
dorsal, pectoral or caudal (tail) fins, or the caudal lobe must not be removed

for Angel sharks and Dogfishes, the dorsal and caudal (tail) fins must not be removed

for Skates and Rays, the skin or fillet or pectoral fins must not be removed

for Banjo sharks, the skin or fillet, pectoral fins or tail must not be removed

for Elephant fish the second dorsal fin or tail must not be removed

shark livers may not be carried, retained or landed without the carcass.
Landing requirements for Deepwater sharks
Permit holders must not retain deepwater dogfishes of the following species – Harrisson’s
Dogfish (C. harrissoni), Endeavour Dogfish (C. moluccensis), Southern Dogfish (C. zeehaani)
and Greeneye Spurdog (Squalus chloroculus).
Deepwater dogfishes of the species above that are taken alive, must be returned to the water
carefully and quickly.
Hand collection
The Lobster and Trochus, Aquarium, and Sea Cucumber Sectors employ methods which are
highly selective and able to avoid bycatch species.
The main lobster species targeted are Panulirus ornatus and P. versicolor and to a lesser degree
P. pennisiulatus.
The main trochus species in the CSF are Trochus niloticus and Tectus pyramis (which is smaller
and has a lower value than T. niloticus (Wells and Bryce, 1988)).
There are over 100 different species that are harvested by the Aquarium Sector, but the majority
of the harvest comes from damselfish, butterflyfish, angelfish, wrasse, anemone fish,
surgeonfish, blennies and gobies. Species targeted vary over time as a response to changing
12
market demands. Live rock (limestone covered with living coralline algae and other encrusting
species) is also collected by hand or with hand-held, non-mechanical implements.
The species of Sea Cucumber which are harvested in the CSF can vary depending on market
demands. A list of species targeted in the CSF is outlined in Table 1 of this document.
Line trap and trawl
The distinction between target and bycatch species taken by line, trap and trawl fishing is less
clear. The CSF is an opportunistic fishery targeting a wide range of species. Less commercially
valuable species are discarded.
Variations to fishing gear and its operation as well as the areas fished mean that catch
compositions can vary significantly; in this respect the fishery can at times be viewed as
exploratory.
Line, Trawl and Trap Sector operators are required to use:

a turtle exclusion device when trawling for crustaceans

nets with a specified minimum mesh diameter when trawling to limit bycatch

bird scaring devices when using automatic or random baiting equipment

specifically designed traps to minimise bycatch and discarding in the fishery.
5. Harvest strategies – an overview
The Commonwealth Fisheries Harvest Strategy Policy 2007 and associated Guidelines provides
a consistent framework for applying an evidence-based, precautionary approach to setting
harvest levels on a fishery by fishery basis. Harvest strategies set out the management actions
necessary to achieve defined biological and economic objectives in a fishery. Harvest strategies
contain:

a process for monitoring and conducting assessments of the biological and economic
conditions of the fishery

rules that control the intensity of fishing activity according to the biological and
economic conditions of the fishery (as defined by the assessment). These rules are
referred to as decision rules.
Harvest strategies for the CSF were finalised in December 2007. AFMA, in consultation with
industry and other stakeholders, developed four separate harvest strategies for the CSF: Line,
Trap and Trawl Sector; Aquarium Sector; Sea Cucumber Sector; Lobster and Trochus Sector.
These harvest strategies prescribed a range of reference points, or triggers, that allow controlled
development of the fishery by requiring increased assessment and management actions with
increasing fishing effort or catch. Triggers detect changes in the fishery based on catch
composition, spatial distribution of catch and assessments of fishing catch and effort. The extent,
and therefore cost, of the management response to a trigger being reached is linked to the
potential risk to the fishery and level of uncertainty it presents. The harvest strategies were
implemented at the start of the fishing year in July 2008.
The first trigger point and decision rule aims to detect and determine why the change has
occurred, its extent and possible implications, and appropriate management responses.
13
Reaching a higher level trigger point requires fishing for the species to cease in the fishing year
until an assessment is undertaken. Following assessment, targeting the species may be prohibited
and trigger limits may be revised up or down.
Line trap and trawl
The harvest strategy for the Line, Trap and Trawl Sector of the CSF states that if any of the
following conditions are met in a fishing season (1 July-30 June) a level one response will be
initiated:

catch of any species meets or exceeds the historic high level for that species (based on all
permits over a season)

cumulative catch of all species taken by all line trap and trawl permits in a season reaches
450 tonnes

the take of white tip reef shark reaches 2.5 tonnes

the take of grey reef shark reaches 13 tonnes

the relative catch proportion of any species changes by 30% or more from the historical
average and catch of that species is greater than one tonne for the season

the relative catch proportion of any species declines between years by 10% or more over
three consecutive seasons (overall catch per unit effort (CPUE) not exceeding 50% decline
in total over three seasons).
A level one response includes:

detailed logbook data analysis

industry consultation to determine why the change has occurred and the perceived
significance of the change

increased data collection

a revised risk analysis

depending on the outcomes of the precautionary risk analysis, management responses may
include spatial management and reduction of level two triggers.
A range of spatial and CPUE triggers are also employed; the following conditions will trigger a
level one response if:

the area fished changes by 40% or more

40% or more of the total catch is taken from a single area

40% or more of historically fished areas are not fished

CPUE for any species declines by 50% or more over the last three consecutive seasons
without another trigger being reached.
If a trigger is reached in conjunction with a new species being taken, this will be taken into
account.
If the level one assessment cannot determine why the change has occurred or if it can be shown
to be a risk to sustainability, then precautionary management responses will be introduced. These
may include spatial closures, move on provisions and revised triggers.
14
If any of the following conditions are met in a season a level two response will be initiated:

if any of the level one spatial or CPUE trigger conditions are accompanied by a 50% or
greater overall decline in CPUE over the past three seasons, a level two response will be
invoked (50% or greater inter-season decline for three consecutive seasons)

cumulative catch of all species taken by all line trap and trawl permits in a season reaches
1,000 tonnes

the relative catch proportion of any species changes by 30% or more from the historical
average, catch of that species is greater than one tonne and there is a 50% or greater decline
in CPUE over the last three seasons

the relative catch proportion of any species declines between seasons by 10% or more over
three consecutive seasons and there is a 50% or greater overall decline in CPUE over the last
three seasons (50% or greater inter-annual decline for three consecutive seasons)

the take of white tip reef shark reaches five tonnes

the take of grey reef shark reaches 26 tonnes

the CPUE for any species declines by 50% or more over the past three seasons without
another trigger being reached.
If a level two trigger is reached AFMA, in consultation with the CSF expert group, will
undertake a detailed assessment of the species which triggered the change. This may involve:

assessment of stored otoliths and/or vertebrae

catch curve analysis using collected age and size data, to estimate fishing mortality (F) and
natural mortality (M)

assessment of F/M (ratio) and/or spawner biomass per recruit (SBPR) empirically derived
from catch curve analyses

a time series of total mortality (F+M) may also be assessed

Delury depletion curves (CPUE vs time) in combination with habitat mapping may also be
used to estimate biomass for an area

trends in CPUE, spatial and temporal catch and effort, length frequency and age of catch
may also be assessed.
Total allowable catch limits may be established for particular species based on these analyses.
Once assessments have been completed an appropriate action will occur, for example, changing
trigger points and spatial management.
Until assessments are complete, triggers will remain at their current level and fishers must avoid
catching the species which contributed to the trigger being hit; if this is not possible, trip limits
will apply. The limits apply to the particular year in which the trigger was reached and may be
revised up or down following completion of the assessment.
Applicable Permit Conditions
In addition to the requirements of the harvest strategy the following conditions also apply for
these sectors. Demersal finfish traps must not be used on the same trip as any other fishing
method authorised by this or any other fishing permit. On any trip where an AFMA observer is
15
not present, one of the following gear types must be removed from the boat prior to departure: all
demersal finfish traps; or at least one trawl otter board and all line fishing equipment.
Auto Longline

A maximum of 15000 hooks may be used, stowed, or secured on board the boat at any time

Provision for the use of automatic baiting equipment must be sought from AFMA on transfer
of the permit or change of the nominated vessel.

The boat nominated to the fishing permit must be fitted with an AFMA approved automatic
baiting system.

The permit holder must ensure that an appropriate bird scaring device is installed on the
nominated boat in accordance with AFMA requirements.

An AFMA approved observer must be used on the first commercial trip after installation of
an AFMA approved automatic baiting system and thereafter every fourth trip if a “Mustad”
automatic baiting system is used or every third trip if a “Best Fishing Gear” system is used.

Every shot using the automatic baiting gear must be set in waters deeper than 200 metres.
However, where a fisheries observer is on board the boat, only 50% of all hooks using the
automatic baiting gear must be set in waters deeper than 200 metres.

The permit holder or authorized agent is required to complete the Line Fishing Daily Fishing
Log (LN01A), the Commonwealth Catch Disposal Record (SESS2A) and the
Commonwealth Transit Form (CTF) for loads despatched using multiple vehicles.

Fishing operators must comply with the Threat Abatement Plan for the Incidental Catch (or
bycatch) of Seabirds during Oceanic Longline Fishing Operations (TAP2).
Other Line (demersal longlines, trotlines, droplines, setlines and handlines)

An observer must be carried on the first trip of the fishing season and every fourth trip
thereafter.

The take of Cheilinus undulatus (commonly known as Humphead Maori Wrasse) is
prohibited (except for the Aquarium Sector). Any incidental take of this species must be
returned to the water carefully and as quickly as possible.

The permit holder or authorized agent must complete the Line Fishing Daily Fishing Log
(LN01A), the Commonwealth Catch Disposal Record (SESS2A) and the Commonwealth
Transit Form (CTF) if the load is dispatched using multiple vehicles.
Trap

This method allows the use of finfish traps (constructed of metal only) set on the sea floor to
take fish from the Class Osteichthyes (bony fishes only).

Limits apply on the number (limit of 50) and size of traps used (1.8m x 1.8m x 0.8m).

A trap must not be left unattended for any period in excess of one (1) month.

In case a trap is lost, all trap doors must be fitted with sacrificial anodes to allow trap doors to
open once the anode disintegrates.

Traps must be set and hauled individually (not connected in a sequence), unless AFMA gives
written approval for an exemption.
16

Any species not belonging to the Class Osteichthyes (bony fishes) caught with use of a
finfish trap must be released in a manner that best ensures its survival.

The holder of the fishing permit may only sell or otherwise dispose of fish to the holder of a
current AFMA Fish Receiver Permit.

The permit holder must complete the Trap Fishing Daily Fishing Log (TR01), the
Commonwealth Catch Disposal Record (SESS2A) and a Commonwealth Transit Form if
dispatching the load using multiple vehicles.

The permit holder or authorized agent must carry an observer on the first trip of the season
and every fourth trip thereafter.
Trawl

Permit holders are authorised to take bony fish (including crustaceans) by this method.

A minimum net-mesh size applies (not less than 38mm at any part of the net).

A Bycatch Reduction Device (BRD) is required when trawling for crustaceans.

The fishing logbook titled Eastern Finfish Trawl Daily Fishing Logbook (EFT01B), the
Commonwealth Catch Disposal Record (SESS2A) and the Commonwealth Transit Form if
despatching the load using multiple vehicles, must be completed.
Lobster and Trochus
Under the harvest strategy for the Lobster and Trochus Sector, if 30 tonnes of lobster tails or 30
tonnes of trochus are landed in a fishing year (15 tonnes per operator), monitoring will increase
and may include additional details such as size of individuals. An assessment of the stock will
also be undertaken with consideration also given to adjacent fisheries (Queensland, Great Barrier
Reef and Torres Strait Island). Assessments must be completed within 12 months and annual
catch must not exceed 30 tonnes until the assessment is completed. If the assessment is not
completed within 12 months, the TAC will be reduced to 30 tonne for lobster and 20 tonne for
trochus for the subsequent year. Once the assessment is complete, the limits may be revised up or
down.
Applicable Permit Conditions
In addition to the requirements of the harvest strategy the following conditions also apply to this
Sector:

a minimum tail length of 125 mm applies to lobsters and a slot limit (size range) of 80 –
125mm applies to trochus species

once operators collect the lesser of three tonnes of lobster tails or five tonnes of trochus the
mothership must move at least 15 nautical miles to a new anchorage. This provision aims to
prevent localised depletion

each permit specifies a maximum number of tender boats authorised to take fish using the
boat specified in the permit (a maximum of two tender boats registered with the boat)

relevant information about fish taken in the area of the Coral Sea Fishery must be fully
recorded and submitted to AFMA in the Hand Collection Daily Fishing Log HC01, Hand
Collection Catch Disposal Record (HC02) and the Commonwealth Transit Form if the
load is despatched using multiple vehicles.
17
Aquarium
Under the harvest strategy for the Aquarium Sector, if any of the following conditions are met in
a season a level one response will be initiated:

a combined total of 200 fishing days are undertaken by Aquarium Sector permit holders

a combined total of 40,000 individuals are landed by Aquarium Sector permit holders

a combined total of 20 tonnes of live rock is landed by Aquarium Sector permit holders;
where this limit has not been reached over the past three years, an assessment is to be
undertaken within the following three years

a combined total of 50 specimens of Humphead Maori Wrasse are landed by Aquarium
Sector permit holders

if a significant change has occurred in the relative catch proportion of any species group, the
number of specimens landed is greater than 500 and no other trigger has been reached
relating to this species group.
The catch proportions of various functional groups are also assessed in the Aquarium Sector.
These functional groups were developed due to the wide range of species and changing catch
levels in response to market demands. Functional groups include, but are not limited to angelfish,
damsel fish, gobies, surgeon fish and wrasses.
A level one response may involve:

detailed logbook data analysis

industry consultation to determine why the change has occurred and the perceived
significance of the change, and

a revised risk analysis.
If a combined total of 50 specimens (25 per permit holder) of Humphead Maori Wrasse (HMW)
are taken by Aquarium Sector permit holders then all take of HMW is to cease in the fishing
season until a detailed assessment has been undertaken.
If a combined total of 40 tonnes of live rock is landed by Aquarium Sector permit holders then
all take of live rock is to cease in the fishing season until a detailed assessment has been
undertaken.
Following any assessment AFMA may revise catch limits, implement spatial closures, trip limits,
move on provisions and/or increase monitoring for any species or areas within the fishery.
Applicable Permit Conditions
In addition to the requirements of the harvest strategy the following conditions also apply to this
Sector:

Live fish taken under the permit may only be collected for use in aquaria and must not be
sold for human consumption.

Take must be by hand, barbless hook and line and by scoop net; fish may also be herded into
collection areas with the use of cast, scoop and seine nets or hand held rod.

Restrictions apply on the size of scoop nets (no more than two metres in any direction,
maximum mesh size of 25mm and handle/shaft length must be less than 2.5 metres).
18

Restrictions apply on the size of cast nets (no more than 6m in diameter; maximum mesh size
of 28mm).

Restrictions apply to the size of seine nets (no more than 16m in length, maximum mesh size
of 25mm and a drop of less than 3m).

Live rock may only be taken by hand or using hand-held non-mechanical implements;
landing requirements require prior reporting to AFMA (2 hours prior to entering port) on the
total weight of live rock collected.

A maximum of two tender boats nominated to the mother ship may be used.

The use of chemicals and explosives is prohibited (including anaesthetics).

The permit holder or authorised agent must complete the Queensland Aquarium Fish Trip
Logbook (AQ04) or the Queensland Fisheries Coral, Shell Grit and Star Sand Fisheries
Logbook (CS04). Completed logsheets must be submitted within one month of activity to
Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry.
Sea cucumber
Catch limits which will trigger an assessment of the fishery are specified in the harvest strategy
for the Sea Cucumber Sector; these trigger limits are specified in Table 2 below. If any of these
limits are reached, fishing for the relevant species must cease until the results from the
assessment indicate that it is sustainable to do so.
An assessment may include consideration of the spatial distribution of catch and effort and
species specific TACs. If data is insufficient to set TACs, then a cost effective abundance survey
may be undertaken.
Applicable Permit Conditions
In addition to the requirements of the harvest strategy the following conditions also apply to this
Sector:

an annual quota limit per operator applies for each of the five sea cucumber species and for
all species of sea cucumber (including the five species which have specific quota limits) as
outlined in Table 2. The remaining uncaught proportion of the total allowable catch
determines the catch limits for all other species of sea cucumber

minimum size limit guidelines apply for sea cucumber which are implemented through a
voluntary agreement with industry as outlined in Table 2

a maximum number of two tender boats registered to a boat nominated to a permit may be
used to carry and tranship fish to the nominated boat.

Move-on provisions apply where the mother-ship must move at least 15 nautical miles to a
new anchorage once five tonnes of any species or combination of species has been collected.
This provision aims to prevent localised depletion

a Rotational Zone Plan is in place under which a number of reefs have been identified over
which a limited amount of fishing activity may be undertaken over a period as specified in
Table 3

the Hand Collection Daily Fishing Log (HC01) and the Hand Collection Catch Disposal
Record (HC02) must be completed.
19
Table 2: Catch limits (based on landed whole wet weight) for the Sea Cucumber Sector
in the CSF.
Common name
Species
Minimum
size limit
Annual quota
per permit
Total Allowable
Catch
Black teatfish
Holothuria
whitmaei
25 cm
500 kg
1 tonne
White teatfish
Holothuria
fuscogilva
32 cm
2 tonnes
4 tonnes
Sand fish
Holothuria scabra
16 cm
500 kg
1 tonne
Prickly redfish
Thelenota ananas
30 cm
10 tonnes
20 tonnes
Surf red fish
Actinopyga
mauritiana
15 cm
5 tonnes
10 tonnes
Any combination of
greenfish and
lollyfish
Greenfish –
Stichopus
chloronotus
15cm
5 tonnes
10 tonnes
Any other single
species
15 cm
5 tonnes
10 tonnes
All species of the
Order
Aspidochirotida
15 cm
75 tonnes
(including the
take of the above
species)
150 tonnes
(including the take
of the above
species)
Lollyfish –
Holothuria atra
Table 3: Rotational Zone Plan.
Days
permitted
15
15
10
5
2
2
2011/12
Zone
Holmes Reefs
Diamond Islets
Kenn Reefs
Frederick Reefs
Bougainville
Flora Reef
Days
permitted
15
5
5
5
5
5
2
2
2
2012/13
Zone
Wreck Reefs
Tregrosse Reefs
Moore Reefs
Mellish Reefs
Cato Island Reef
McDermott Bank
Dart Reef
Heralds Surprise
Shark Reef
Days
permitted
15
15
30
5
2
2
2013/14
Zone
Flinders Reefs
Willis Islets
Osprey Reef
Diane Bank
Malay Reef
Abington Reef
Reefs within the Coral Sea Fishery have been divided into 21 zones with a total of 164
fishing days. These zones are to be fished in accordance with the fishing plan outlined in
Table 3.
The total days (164) allotted to all permit holders in the sea cucumber hand collection sector
of the Coral Sea Fishery are to be fished on a competitive basis. It is the permit holder’s
responsibility to ensure that they do not exceed the number of days allotted.
20
Table 4: Rotational Zone Co-ordinates.
Reef
name
Abington Reef
Bougainville Reef
Cato Island Reef
Dart Reef
Diamond Islets
Diane Bank
Flinders Reefs
Flora Reef
Frederick Reefs
Heralds Surprise
Holmes Reefs
Kenn Reefs
Malay Reef
McDermott Bank
Mellish Reef
Moore Reefs
Osprey Reef
Shark Reef
Tregrosse Reefs
Willis Islets
Wreck Reefs
A
Days Lat min
dd mm
2
18 2
2
15 28
5
23 14
2
17 23
15
17 24
5
15 42
15
17 22
2
16 43
5
20 55
2
17 18
15
16 22
10
21 5
2
17 54
5
17 10
5
17 20
5
16 0
10
13 47
2
14 4
5
17 41
15
16 6
15
22 9
ss
0
30
30
0
0
0
30
30
0
30
30
30
0
30
30
0
30
0
0
0
30
B
Lat max
dd mm
18 7
15 31
23 15
17 25
17 41
16 18
17 53
16 46
21 2
17 20
16 33
21 17
18 0
17 18
17 26
16 3
14 1
14 12
17 48
16 19
22 13
ss
30
30
30
30
0
0
30
30
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
30
30
0
0
0
30
C
Long min
dd mm
149 34
147 5
155 31
148 10
150 47
149 28
148 16
147 41
154 20
148 26
147 47
155 42
149 17
147 47
155 50
149 7
146 32
146 45
150 29
149 56
155 9
ss
30
0
30
0
0
0
0
30
30
0
30
0
0
0
0
30
30
30
30
0
0
D
Long max
dd mm
149 39
147 8
155 34
148 13
151 7
149 45
148 36
147 46
154 24
148 29
148 6
155 48
149 23
147 55
155 53
149 11
146 43
146 52
150 47
150 3
155 29
Chart
ss
0
30
30
0
0
0
0
30
30
30
0
0
30
30
0
0
0
30
0
0
30
4602
616
611
615
614
617
615
615
612
615
615
611
4602
4602
611
4602
616
616
4602
617
611
Each of the 21 zones within the Coral Sea Fishery has a corresponding series of co-ordinates
as specified in Table 4:
- each collection zone has a northern and southern boundary as described in columns A
and B respectively
- each collection zone also has a western and eastern boundary as described in columns
C and D respectively.
Deduction of fishing days
For the purpose of deducting fishing days for each zone the following rules will apply:
A fishing day is defined as being in a zone between the hours of 0900 and 1500. If 3 or less
hours are spent in the zone between the hours of 0900 and 1500 then a half fishing day must
be recorded.
If a strong wind warning is issued the holder should write SWW in their logbook only if no
fishing took place. No day will be deducted in this case.
21
6. Fishery sectors – gear and method
descriptions
Descriptions from Kiolola et al, 1993.
Line and Trap Sector
Line and Trap Sector permits allow the use of demersal longline, setline, dropline and trotline
methods. Permit conditions aim to minimise interactions with protected species and include the
use of tori lines, hook and depth limits
and Observer coverage.
Demersal longline
A demersal longline consists of a sinking
main-line constructed of 6-8mm diameter
synthetic rope with snoods (branch lines)
about 1 metre long attached at intervals of
6 – 10m. Each snood carries a hook at
one end and is attached to the main-line at
the other end either permanently or by
means of a ‘snood clip’.
The gear is divided into a number of ‘sets’
which each has a certain number of
hooks. Each hook is baited before the
gear is deployed into the water. The hooks together with the main-line and an anchor weight at
each end are placed on the seabed. A buoy and dan pole with flag attached by way of buoy-line
to the main-line at each end for retrieval of the gear. The main-line is hauled from one end over a
roller mounted on the gunnels by a line hauler.
Demersal longlines can be set in deep water on the continental slope and in strong tidal currents
where it is more difficult to set other gear.
Use of automatic or random baiting equipment with demersal longline gear is specifically
prohibited unless otherwise stated in the permit conditions. AFMA will permit the use of such
equipment by some operators in the fishery, subject to application and additional conditions such
as conditions relating to bycatch reduction for seabirds. A minimum depth limit of 200 metres
(unless an observer is on board) also applies to operators of automatic/random baiting
equipment. At the time of writing, only one longline permit allows automatic/random baiting.
A trotline is very similar to the demersal longline described above. The main-line of a trotline
has a small float attached to suspend it off the seabed, avoiding snagging on the bottom. The
snoods (also called trots) are attached to the main-line in a similar way to demersal longlines at
intervals of 6-10m. These snoods are weighted and hang vertically under the main-line and act
like a series of short droplines.
Trotlines are deployed and retrieved in a similar way to demersal longlines. All hooks are baited
before deployment with similar baits to demersal longlines.
22
Dropline
A dropline consists of a main-line, usually
made of synthetic rope, set vertically in the
water with a weight on the bottom and floats
attached at the surface. Between 10 and 100
short snoods are either clipped or permanently
attached to the main-line at regular intervals at
one end and have a hook on the other.
The hooks are baited before the gear is
deployed. Gear is deployed by dropping the
weighted end of the main-line overboard and
letting the main-line run off, either attaching
the snoods as the line deploys or allowing
permanently fixed snoods to run off ‘shooting
rails’. The gear is retrieved by a line hauler (powered winch) with the caught fish removed from
the snoods as they come aboard.
Setline
Setline is the simplest form of fishing. A setline (or handline) is a line to which one or more lures
or baits are attached. Setlines are set and
retrieved manually, although electric or
hydraulic motors are available to reduce
labour.
Trawl and Trap Sector
Demersal and midwater otter board trawl
gear is used in this Sector to target bony fish
and crustaceans. Demersal trawling is the
term used to describe the fishing method
where a net is towed along, or just above, the
ocean floor in depths of water ranging from a
few metres to 1,500 metres. A trawl net is attached to the vessel by two long wires, called warps
which are attached to an otter board either side of the net. The net opening (mouth) is spread
horizontally by the outward force acting on the otter boards as they are towed through the water.
The bottom of the net opening is called the footrope and is heavier than the headline and
normally in contact with the bottom. The footrope is often rigged with rubber rollers to minimise
the damage to the seafloor and allow it to move across the substrate without becoming snagged.
The top of the mouth (headline) is lifted vertically by a series of floats.
Otter trawling relies on the principle of herding fish inward from the otter boards and the sweep
(wire from otter board to the headline and footrope) towards the mouth of the trawl net. Fish
have a natural tendency to swim away from the otter boards, sweeps and net wings and fall
backwards, towards the codend. The codend is the end of the net where the fish are caught. The
size of the mesh in the codend is one of the most important factors in the size and shape of fish
that are caught and those that escape.
A trawl shot involves the net being deployed from the stern of the vessel by way of winches. The
net is then towed along the bottom, usually at around 3 knots for a period of time before being
23
hauled up toward the vessel. The fish are contained in the codend, which is fastened with a rope
to release the catch on the vessel deck.
Trawl Sector permit conditions aim to minimise interactions with protected species and specify a
minimum net-mesh size and the use of Bycatch Reduction Devices (BRDs) when trawling for
crustaceans.
Demersal finfish traps
(trap provisions included on all Line and Trap,
and Trawl and Trap permits)
Fish traps are devices which fish enter
voluntarily but from which they are
prevented in some way from escaping.
Fish are enticed into the trap either by
bait or because the trap appears to
provide some sort of refuge. Demersal
finfish traps are set on the sea floor with a
haul-in line, surface float and dan buoy to
mark their position. Traps are left to fish
from 20 minutes to 24 hours.
Galvanised steel traps are used in the CSF and there are limits on the number and size of traps
used (no more than 50 traps; maximum trap size is 1.8 meters x 1.8 meters x 0.8 meters). All
traps must be fitted with sacrificial anodes (of no more than one month life span fitted to trap
doors) to avoid ghost fishing if the traps are lost. Traps in the CSF are typically set at between 60
and 120m depth, with most catch occurring between 80-100m depth.
Lobster and Trochus Sector
Lobster and Trochus Sector permits allow hand collection with or without the use of underwater
breathing apparatus.
Aquarium Sector
Aquarium collection Sector permits allow operators to use their hands, barbless hook and line,
cast nets and seine nets and/or scoop nets for herding and catching fish. Underwater breathing
apparatus (such as SCUBA or Hookah equipment) may also be used. Gear restrictions are in
place for this Sector and the use of chemicals and or explosives for taking fish is prohibited. Live
rock may be collected by hand or by using hand held non-mechanical implements.
Each permit specifies a maximum number of tender boats (2) and a trigger limit of 200 days
fished per year is in place. If fishing effort reaches this level an evaluation of the sustainability
and impacts is undertaken.
Sea Cucumber Sector
Collection of Sea Cucumber may only be done by hand with, or without the use of underwater
breathing apparatus.
24
7. Permits
Fishing permits
All CSF fishing permits are granted for the duration of the financial year (1 July – 30 June).
Operators have three months to reapply for a permit following the expiration of their fishing
permit. Operators must have a current fishing permit authorising their activity on board their
boat. To discuss licensing arrangements for the CSF please contact AFMA during business hours
on (02) 6225 5555 or AFMA Direct 1300 723 621.
Fish Receiver Permits
Some sectors of the CSF are required to unload their catch to a licensed Commonwealth Fish
Receiver Permit holder. Where relevant, this requirement is stipulated in CSF fishing permit
conditions.
Fish receiver permits are granted for 12 months duration. They cannot be transferred. An
application form for a fish receiver permit can be obtained at: http://www.afma.gov.au/wpcontent/uploads/2010/06/fr1.pdf, or by contacting AFMA on (02) 6225 5555 or 1300 723 621.
Fish Receivers are required to complete the Catch Disposal Record (CDR) within 50m of the
point the consignment is unloaded, however this can be extended to 500m upon written
application to AFMA for an exemption.
Scientific Permits
Scientific Permits are granted for the purposes of conducting scientific research in a specified
area of the Australian Fishing Zone (AFZ) or in a specified fishery. An application made for the
grant of a scientific permit must contain information that AFMA requires for proper
consideration of the application.
Scientific Permits are granted for a maximum duration of six months and are not transferable. No
application fee applies for a scientific permit and the necessary forms can be obtained at:
www.afma.gov.au/information/publications/forms/licensing/default.htm, or by contacting
Licensing and Quota Management on (02) 6225 5555 or 1300 723 621.
8. Levies
How much levy do I pay and when is it due?
If you own leviable concessions, you should receive a Levy Invoice.
The Levy Invoice states:

when levy is due and payable

how much levy you are required to pay

whether the levy is payable in instalments

the penalty that applies should the levy be unpaid by the due date

who to contact for enquiries.
Each operator should receive one Levy Invoice for all their fishing concessions.
25
How do I pay my levy?
Operators can make payments by cheque, money order, direct deposit, or electronic funds
transfer (EFT) from their bank account to AFMA, or by phone and internet banking (BPAY), and
by credit card by faxing back the completed strip on the first page. EFT and Direct deposit
details are listed on the remittance slip on the reverse of the first page. If you decide to pay your
levy using BPAY please contact AFMA’s Senior Licensing Officer on 1300 723 621 for details.
What if I can’t pay my levy by the due dates?
AFMA will suspend a fishing concession if a levy remains unpaid 14 days after the due date in
accordance with Fisheries Management Paper Number 6 - Procedure for handling unpaid or
overdue levy or charge for Commonwealth domestic fishing concessions. After a concession has
been suspended, AFMA is able to negotiate alternative arrangements to pay the levy amount. If a
concession holder wishes to enter into an arrangement to pay, they must write to the manager of
licensing.
Please note that if you do not pay the total levy payable by the due date a penalty of 20% per
annum (calculated daily) will be applied for each day the levy remains unpaid. This penalty fee is
required under the Act and occurs even if an arrangement has been entered into.
If your Levy Invoice states that you can pay the levy by instalments, each instalment must be
paid by the due date. If AFMA receives any instalment after the instalment date falls due, then
the whole of the levy will become due and payable immediately. If this occurs, you will incur an
interest penalty of 20% per annum (calculated daily), applied against the amount of the levy
outstanding, until it is paid in full.
9. Carriage of fishery observers
The observer’s role is to collect independent, accurate and reliable data on Commonwealth
fishing operations, catches and interactions with the environment by the vessel and its fishing
gear.
This is achieved through:

collection of vessel activity and catch data

collection of data for implementing harvest strategies, research programs, supporting
marine management and other issues relevant to environmental awareness and
management

monitoring compliance of the vessel with its fishing agreements.
The role of the observer is not one of a fisheries officer. Observers have NO AUTHORITY to
direct fishing operations of the vessel or act in an enforcement role. However, observers are
required to report illegal fishing activity.
A fishing operator is required to carry an AFMA observer upon request by AFMA. An
Operators’ obligations for carrying an observer are detailed in the fishing permit. The cost of
observers is met by industry through levies. CSF fishing operators must also comply with the
following minimum observer coverage requirements as stated on their fishing permit. It is the
responsibility of the concession holder to monitor their observer coverage and notify AFMA
at least 72 hours prior to departure to arrange for an observer as necessary.
Line and Trap Sector and Trawl and Trap Sector: Operators in these sectors are required to
carry an observer on their first trip of the period starting 1 July – 30 June, and every fourth trip
26
thereafter, covering at least 25% of all shots and trap lifts each year. Auto longline fishing
operations are required to carry observers for one in every four trips (or one in every three trips if
using certain types of random/automatic baiting gear).
Sea Cucumber Sector, Aquarium Sector and Lobster and Trochus Sector: There is no
prescribed minimum observer coverage for these sections with coverage being as directed by
AFMA.
10. Integrated Computer Vessel Monitoring
System
It is the concession holder’s responsibility to ensure that any vessel nominated to their
concession is fitted with an Integrated Computer Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) of a category
specified in the register of AFMA approved units. This register can be found at:
http://www.afma.gov.au/industry/vms/approved.htm.
The VMS unit must remain switched on at all times including when the boat is in port or
engaged in State fishing. The concession holder must ensure the VMS is reporting correctly
before going out to sea for the first time and that no interference occurs with the correct
operation of the VMS unit. On becoming aware of a problem with the VMS functioning, the
concession holder must advise AFMA as soon as practicable via:
Phone: 02 6225 5369 (if prompted, follow instructions on the voice mail)
Mobile: 0419 205 329
Fax: 02 6225 5440
Email: VMSreporting@afma.gov.au
If the VMS is not operating or is malfunctioning the boat must remain in port until the VMS is
inspected, repaired if necessary and AFMA has received confirmation from an authorised
technician that the Automatic Location Communicator (ALC) is functioning normally.
Please refer to the VMS conditions on your permit for more information.
Manual Reporting
If a nominated vessel’s VMS unit stops reporting, the concession holder will be required to
manually report the vessel’s position at a frequency specified by AFMA.
The manual position reports should include:
•
•
•
•
the vessel's name
the vessel's distinguishing symbol
the vessel's present latitude and longitude (in degrees and minutes)
the date and time.
Manual position reports are to be made by:
Phone: 02 6225 5369 (if prompted, follow instructions on the voice mail); or
Fax: 02 6225 5440; or Email: VMSreporting@afma.gov.au.
27
Directions to return to port
Depending on the circumstances, and in accordance with its enforcement decision principles
as outlined in the Domestic Compliance and Enforcement Policy, if a nominated boat’s VMS
unit stops reporting AFMA may determine that it is appropriate to issue a Direction under
section 84(1)(k) of the Fisheries Management Act 1991. This Direction will require the boat
to immediately return to, and remain in, port until such time as AFMA is satisfied the
problems with the VMS unit have been rectified.
Temporary switch off (TSO) arrangements
A TSO is a formal arrangement that allows a unit to be legitimately switched off. If a
nominated vessel is undergoing maintenance, berthed for an extended period or in other
exceptional circumstances that render VMS operation impractical, the concession holder can
apply for a TSO by filling out an ‘Application for VMS Temporary Switch Off’ form and
sending it to AFMA via:
Fax: 02 6225 5440
Email: VMSreporting@afma.gov.au
Mail: Data Processing
AFMA
PO Box 7051
CANBERRA BC ACT 2610
Further information can be found on the AFMA website at:
http://www.afma.gov.au/industry/vms/default.htm
11. Accreditation under the EPBC Act 1999
The CSF is assessed by SEWPAC under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) on a regular basis. The objective of this assessment is to
ensure the fishery is sustainable. Once assessed the fishery may be declared a Wildlife Trade
Operation (WTO) and exempt from export controls of the EPBC Act.
The CSF has been accredited under the EPBC Act as an approved WTO for the period 20
November 2010 to 19 November 2013. The WTO is subject to a number of conditions that
AFMA must meet or progress during the life of the WTO.
12. Environmental Requirements
The incidental catch (or bycatch) of seabirds during oceanic longline fishing operations was
listed as a key threatening process on 24 July 1995. Under Commonwealth legislation (now the
EPBC Act), a Threat Abatement Plan for the Incidental Catch (or bycatch) of Seabirds During
Oceanic Longline Fishing Operations was prepared and approved by the Minister for the
Environment on 2 August 1998. A review of this Threat Abatement Plan (TAP) was carried out
under subsection 279(2) of the EPBC Act and a new TAP was approved in 2006. The provisions
of the 2006 TAP apply to all longline fisheries managed by the Commonwealth Government
including the CSF.
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The 2006 TAP was prepared in consultation with the Longline Fishing TAP Team to meet the
requirements of the EPBC Act and to coordinate national action to alleviate the impact of
longline fishing activities on seabirds in Australian waters.
The 2006 TAP remains in force until a revised TAP is approved by the Minister.
Protected species
Operators are required to report all interactions with protected species. Any operator that
interacts with a protected species (as listed in Part 13 of the EPBC Act), and is acting in
accordance with the management arrangements for the fishery, will not commit an offence.
However, failure to report an interaction with a protected species is an offence under the EPBC
Act.
What is a protected species?
The EPBC Act establishes four different categories of protected species in Commonwealth areas.
These provide for the recovery of populations and/or the long-term conservation of a species. A
species that is a member of the following categories is a protected species:
1.
Listed threatened species or listed threatened ecological community generally include
species with low population numbers, those that have had a reduction in habitat or
distribution, or are subject to an increase in other threats to the species survival.
2.
Listed migratory species are listed to meet Australia’s obligations under certain International
treaties (such as the Convention on Migratory Species) which require that we provide
protection for species listed in the Convention.
3.
Listed marine species are listed to provide general protection to Australia’s marine native
wildlife to reduce the likelihood of population decline. It is an offence to kill injure, trade,
take, keep or move native wildlife without a permit or other authorization.
4.
All cetaceans are listed to uphold Australia’s strong international, regional and national
measures for the protection of this group of animals.
There are many species of animals that are classified as
protected. Of relevance to Commonwealth managed fisheries,
all cetaceans, seabirds, sea snakes, turtles, seals and sea lions,
sygnathids (sea horses, sea dragons and pipefish), sawfishes
(green and freshwater), crocodiles and dugongs are protected.
There are also a small number of sharks (great white, grey
nurse) and other fish listed under the EPBC Act. A full listing
of protected species is available on the SEWPAC website
(www.environment.gov.au).
Protected species Identification Guide
To help operators accurately report their protected species
interactions, AFMA has produced a protected species
identification guide. This guide covers the range of protected
species that AFMA managed fisheries do, or have the potential to, interact with during their
normal fishing operations. The guide provides pictures of these species along with an indicative
distribution and key biological information. All CSF boats have been provided with a copy of
this identification guide – if you would like a free copy, please contact AFMA’s Environment
Section on 1300 723 621.
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What is an interaction with a protected species?
‘Interaction’ means any physical contact an individual (person, boat or gear) has with a protected
species that causes death, injury or stress to the individual directly resulting from fishing
activities. This includes any collisions, catching hooking, netting, entangling, or trapping of a
protected species.
Reporting interactions with protected species
CSF line, trawl, trap, and hand collection operators (other than Aquarium) are required to report
interactions with protected species in their Commonwealth logbook. Aquarium operators must
report interactions with protected species in the ‘comments’ section of their relevant Queensland
Logbook (AQ04 or CS03 at time of printing). Completed original logsheets for any fishing
activity conducted by line, trawl, trap and hand collection operators (other than Aquarium) must
be submitted to AFMA. Aquarium operators are now required to submit their completed
logsheets to the Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry who now provide
the logbook service for this sector.
Operators who interact with a protected species and are using a Commonwealth logbook are
required to circle ‘Yes’ in the box at the bottom of the logsheet and then fill out the Listed
Marine and Threatened Species form. These forms are located at the back of the logbook and,
once filled out, should be returned to AFMA with the relevant log page.
All interaction reports provided to SEWPAC since 1 April 2006 to date are available on the
AFMA
website
at:
http://www.afma.gov.au/managing-our-fisheries/environment-andsustainability/protected-species/
Further information on interactions with protected species can be obtained from AFMA’s
Environment and Research section by calling 1300 723 621 or emailing
Clayton.McCloud@afma.gov.au.
Retaining seabirds incidentally killed during oceanic longline
fishing operations
In line with the second Threat Abatement Plan for the Incidental Catch (or bycatch) of Seabirds
during Oceanic Longline Fishing Operations (2006 TAP), AFMA requires that all seabirds killed
on pelagic or demersal longlines in the AFZ are:

brought aboard the vessel

retained on board the vessel in a manner which will limit decay of the specimen and meet
AQIS requirements

reported in the Listed Marine and Threatened Species form in the logbook

reported to the senior environment officer listed above upon returning to port

appropriately stored until arrangements are made to transport it to an analysis facility.
The collected seabirds undergo a necropsy to validate species, subspecies, provenance (where
possible), cause of death, age, sex and breeding status. To facilitate appropriate handling of dead
seabirds in preparation for analysis, AQIS approved seabird collection kits can be obtained
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through AFMA by contacting Clayton McCloud, Environment and Research Section on 1300
723 621 or e-mail Clayton.McCloud@afma.gov.au.
13. Impacts of the fishery on the ecosystem
Ecological Risk Assessments
AFMA aims to minimise the impacts of Commonwealth managed fisheries on all aspects of the
marine ecosystem. AFMA’s adoption of the ecological component of Ecologically Sustainable
Development (ESD) is a significant departure from traditional fisheries management with the
focus shifted from the direct management of target species to also considering the impacts on
bycatch species, protected (TEP) species, habitats, and communities.
Key to AFMA’s implementation of the ecological component of ESD has been to develop and
implement an ecological risk management (ERM) framework. The framework details a robust
and transparent process to assess, analyse and respond to the ecological risks posed by
Commonwealth managed fisheries.
The ERM framework progresses through a number of steps and involves a hierarchy of risk
assessment methodologies progressing from a comprehensive but largely qualitative analysis at
Level 1 to a quantitative analysis at Level 3. This approach means low risk activities can be
screened out and attention can be focused on more intensive and quantitative analyses of those
activities assessed as having a greater environmental impact on AFMA managed fisheries.
The initial assessment stage involves the development of a qualitative ecological risk assessment
(ERA) for each individual fishery. ERAs assess the impact, direct and indirect, that a fishery’s
activities may have on the marine ecosystem. These assessments provide the foundation for
further risk assessment and analysis. ERAs have now been completed (to varying degrees –
either Level 1, 2 or 3) for all major Commonwealth managed fisheries.
Eight Level 1 SICA assessments ERAs were completed for the CSF in 2006. Due to low effort,
low catch data and a lack of in-depth information about species abundance and distribution
within the CSF, it was not practical to conduct a Level 2 Ecological Risk Assessment for the
Effect of Fishing (ERAEF). Instead, it was agreed that a qualitative risk analysis would be
undertaken. This assessment would be divided into two parts: the first part to qualitatively assess
the risks that the CSF poses to all chondrichthyans (sharks and rays) and TEP species. This
analysis was completed in 2008. CSIRO has been commissioned to conduct additional analysis
at the species level for chondrichthyans and TEPS. The second part assesses the risks that the
CSF poses to target, bycatch and discarded species using the results from ABARES’ Reducing
Uncertainty in Stock Status (RUSS) project when the results become available at the end of 2011.
Nature of impacts on the ecosystem
Impacts identified by the various ERAs performed for CSF sub-fisheries included:

translocation of species

anchoring/mooring and other anthropogenic activities as a habitat hazard

other fisheries in the region as a community hazard
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
fishing activity with and without capture disturbing physical processes and impacting on
habitats and target and byproduct species

gear loss

provisioning (providing food resources) for TEP and other species

discarding as a hazard to target and byproduct species

concerns regarding exploitation levels of certain species.
Management action taken to reduce impacts, and results
The results of the ERA will be used by AFMA and the Coral Sea Fishery expert group
(comprising scientists, concession holders and other interested stakeholders) to focus on the
development and implementation of an ERM strategy specific for this fishery. It will comprise a
priority list of species compiled from those identified through the Level 1 SICA assessment and
from the qualitative risk analysis of target, bycatch and discard species to be undertaken towards
the end of 2011/early 2012.
Those species will be managed either through fishery specific arrangements or under one or
more of the following policies or measures:

the Commonwealth Harvest Strategy Policy and Guidelines and applicable Harvest
Strategy

non-key commercial species (byproduct) policy

Bycatch and Discard Program

the Australian Government’s Chondrichthyan guide for fisheries managers

TEP species under various international plans of action, recovery plans etc.
The ERM strategy will clearly identify how each species or group of species may be managed
under the policies or measures described above.
ERM strategies to address those remaining species identified as at medium or low risk may be
implemented at a later date. Due to limitations in the ERA methodology for assessing the impacts
of fishing operations on habitats and communities, as is the case for other fisheries, AFMA will
defer the development of an ERM strategy for these components until more refined and
meaningful results become available.
14. Spatial issues
Two Marine Protected Areas, Coringa-Herald National Nature Reserve and Lihou Reef National
Nature Reserve, exist within the bounds of the CSF and cover an area of approximately 17,000
square kilometres. No commercial fishing is permitted in these reserves and management
provisions are in place to detect any illegal fishing in these waters.
Provisions are in place for the Lobster and Trochus and the Sea Cucumber Sectors which require
fishing operators to move their mother-ship once a specified amount of quota or effort is reached.
These measures help prevent localised depletion within the fishery.
Permit conditions implement a 3-year rotational harvesting strategy for Sea Cucumber on 21
reefs within the Coral Sea. Further details are provided on pages 23-25.
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Auto-longliners must fish in waters deeper than 200m unless an observer is on board. If an
observer is on board 50% of hooks engaging the automatic baiting gear may be set shallower
than 200m.
A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) has been negotiated between the Coral Sea Fishers’
Association (CSFA) and the Cod Hole and Ribbon Reef Operators Association (CHARROA).
Under the MoU, the CSFA has agreed not to hook fish within 2 km of particular reefs in the CSF
(Osprey Reef, Bouganville Reef, Flora Reef, Dart Reef and Heralds Surprise Reef) in order to
preserve iconic species of importance to tourist operators. In addition, a circular area with 0.75
nautical mile radius around CHARROA moorings at Osprey Reef, namely North Horn and
Admiralty Anchor is protected from all fishing of sharks, rays, potato cod, Maori wrasse,
Queensland groper, anemones and anemone fish.
Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve
The Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities is the lead
agency for marine bioregional planning issues. On 16 November 2012 the Hon. Tony Burke,
Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities announced
Commonwealth marine parks, including the Coral Sea marine park, will be implemented from
July 2014. The government will be allocating approximately $100m in assistance to commercial
fishers and fisheries to adjust to changes that will result from the displacement of commercial
fishing from new Commonwealth marine reserves.
Assistance under the package will begin to flow next financial year once management plans for
the Commonwealth marine reserves are in place, but ahead of commercial fishing exclusions
from the new reserves taking effect. Further information on the Coral Sea Marine Reserve is
available at http://www.environment.gov.au/marinereserves/coralsea/index.html.
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15. Contacts
AFMA Direct:
Reception
1300 723 621
(02) 6225 5555
Internet links
AFMA Website:
www.afma.gov.au
CSF Manager
For all enquiries regarding management arrangements for the 2013 fishing season
Steve Shanks (Manager)
E-mail
Fax
(02) 6225 5388
Steve.Shanks@afma.gov.au
(02) 6225 5446
Observers
For all observer enquiries
Mike Yates (Observer Program Manager)
Duty Officer (after hours)
Email
(02) 6225 5332
0427 016 859
observers@afma.gov.au
Compliance
For all compliance enquiries
Mr Glen Salmon
(02) 6225 5395
Manager National Compliance Operations (Canberra)
0409 447 463
Duty officer (after hours)
0419 205 329
Compliance Fax
Compliance Email
(02) 6225 5442
domesticcompliance@afma.gov.au
For ICVMS enquiries
(02) 6225 5542
ICVMS Fax
(02) 6225 5440
ICVMS Email (for general enquiries)
ICVMS Email (to report a unit breakdown
or request temporary switch off)
vmsinfo@afma.gov.au
vmsreporting@afma.gov.au
Logbook Administration
For all logbook or authorised agent enquiries including the issuing and completion of returns.
Laura Walker (Logbook /Data Administration Officer)
(02) 6225 5382
Fax
(02) 6225 5440
Email
dataentry@afma.gov.au
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Licensing and Quota Management
For all licensing enquiries including levy.
Anne Shepherd (Licensing and Data Services Manager)
(02) 6225 5361
Licensing and Data Services officers
1300 723 621
Fax
(02) 6225 5440
Email
licensing@afma.gov.au
Environment
For all protected species enquiries
Clayton McCloud (Environment Officer)
Email
1300 723 621
Clayton.McCloud@afma.gov.au
Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
(07) 3239 0166
Australian Government Department of Sustainability,
Environment, Water, Population and Communities
(02) 6274 1111
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