PSY275 – Dr. M. Plonsky - Lindsey (2000) Outline
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Lindsay, S. R. (2000). Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training.
Volume 1: Adaptation & Learning. IA: Iowa State University Press.
Color keyed to likelihood that material will be on the exams- (Highly, Possibly, Unlikely)
Foreword (Victoria Lea Voith, DVM, Ph.D.)
Achnowledgements
Introduction
1. Origins & Domestication
Archeological Record
Domestication: Processes & Definitions
Interspecific Cooperation: Mutualism
Terms & Definitions: Wild, Domestic, & Feral
The Dingo: A Prototypical Dog
The Carolina Dog: An Indigenous Dog?
Biological & Behavioral Evidence
Biological Evidence
Behavioral Evidence
Effects of Domestication
Morphological
Behavioral Effects of Domestication
Paedomorphosis
Silver Fox: Possible Model of Domestication
Selective Breeding, the Dog Fancy, and the Future
Origins of Selective Breeding
Prospects for the Future
2. Development of Behavior
The Critical or Sensitive Period Hypothesis
Early Development & Reflexive Behavior
Neonatal Period (Birth to 12 days)
Transitional Period (12 to 21 days)
Socialization: Learning to Relate & Communicate
Primary Socialization (3-5 weeks)
Secondary Socialization (6-12 weeks)
Maternal Influences on Secondary Socialization
Play & Socialization
Learning to Compete & Cope
Social Dominance (10-16 weeks)
Social Attachment & Separation
Learning to Adjust & Control
Environmental Adaptation (3-16 weeks)
Development of Exploratory Behavior
Learning & Trainability
Imprinting-like Processes & K9 Skill Learning
Preventing Behavior Problems
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PSY275 – Dr. M. Plonsky - Lindsey (2000) Outline
3. Neurobiology of Behavior & Learning
Cellular Composition of the Brain
Hindbrain & Midbrain Structures
Diencephalon
Limbic System
Learning & the Septohippocampal System
Cerebral Cortex
Neurotransmitters & Behavior
Neural Substrates of Motivation (Hypothalamus)
Neurobiology of Aggression (Hypothalamus)
Neurobiology of Fear
ANS-Mediated Concomitants of Fear
Neurobiology of Compulsive Behavior & Stereotypies
Neurobiology of Attachment & Separation Distress
Psychomotor Epilepsy, Catalepsy, & Narcolepsy
4. Sensory Abilities
Vision
Retina
Color Vision
Vision in Subdued Light
Binocular Vision & Depth Perception
Shape & Form Discrimination
Blindness
Audition
Frequency Range of Hearing
Auditory Localization
Ultrasound & Training
Deafness
Olfaction
Mechanics of Smell
Olfactory Transduction
Olfactory Acuity
Biological & Social Functions of Smell
Ability to Detect & Discriminate Human Odors
Localizing the Origin & Direction of Odors
Vomeronasal Organ
Gustation
Somatosensory System
Mechanoreceptors
Nociceptors
Proprioceptors
Balance
Effects of Touch
Reflexive Organization
Extrasensory Perception
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PSY275 – Dr. M. Plonsky - Lindsey (2000) Outline
Clever Hans
Nora, Roger, & Fellow: Extraordinary Dogs
Extrasensory or Extrasensitive?
5. Biological & Dispositional Constraints on Learning
Nature versus Nurture
Instincts, “Fixed” Action Patterns, & Functional Systems
Instinctual Learning
Dancing Bees
Digging Wasps
Preparedness & Selective Association
Sensory Preparedness
Cognitive Preparedness
Prepared Connections: Taste Aversion
Phylogenetic Differences: Habit Reversal & Matching
Instinctive Drift & Appetitive Learning
Contrafreeloading
Genetic Predisposition & Temperament
Breed Variations
Temperament Testing
Jackson Laboratory Studies
Inheritance of Fear
Krushinskii
Nervous Pointers
Heredity & Intelligence
Measuring Intelligence
Measuring Differences in Intelligence
6. Classical Conditioning
Pavlov’s Discovery
Basic Conditioning Arrangements between CS’s & US’s
Common Examples of Classical Conditioning
Konorski’s Conceptualization of Reflexive Behavior
Preparatory & Consummatory Reflexes
Targeting Reflex
Rescorla’s Contingency Model of Classical Conditioning
Info Provided by the CS about the US
Assumptions Derived from the Rescorla-Wagner Model
Stimulus Factors Affecting CS Acquisition & Maintenance
External Inhibition & Disinhibition
Conditioned Inhibition
Latent Inhibition
Sensory Preconditioning
Conditioned Compound Stimuli
Higher Order Conditioning
Generalization & Discrimination
Extinction of Classical Conditioning
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Spontaneous Recovery & Other Sources of Relapse
Renewal
Reinstatement
Reacquisition
Habituation & Sensitization
Special Phenomena of Classical Conditioning
Pseudoconditioning
One-Trial Learning
Taste Aversion
Imprinting
Classically Generated Opponent Processes & Emotions
A-Process & B-Process Attributes
Practical Application of Opponent Process Theory
Counterconditioning
Classical Conditioning & Fear
Voluntary versus Involuntary Behavior
Three Boys & a Brief History of Fear
Phobic Cats & Systematic Desensitization
Reciprocal Inhibition
Graded Counterconditioning
Interactive Exposure & Flooding
Response Prevention & Directive Training
7. Instrumental Learning
Differences between CC & OC
Instrumental-like Conditioning of Reflexive Behavior
A Uniprocess Theory of Learning
Theoretical Perspectives
Thorndike’s Connectionism
Basic Mechanisms of Behavioral Change: Stamping In & Stamping Out
Thorndike’s Basic Laws (effect, exercise, readiness)
Guthrie’s Learning Theory & Behavior Modification
Tolman’s Expectancy Theory
B. F. Skinner & the Analysis of Behavior
Basic Concepts & Principles of Instrumental Learning
Terms & Definitions
Reinforcing Events
+R
-R
Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Reinforcement
Timing & Repetition
Differential Reinforcement
Conditioned Reinforcement & Punishment
Additional Characteristics of +R
Motivation, Learning, & Performance
Antecedent Control: Establishing Operations & SD’s
Premack Principle: The Relativity of Reinforcement
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PSY275 – Dr. M. Plonsky - Lindsey (2000) Outline
Learning & the Control of the Environment
Schedules of Positive Reinforcement
Everyday Examples of Reinforcement Schedules
Hope, Disappointment, & Other Emotions Associated with Learning
Matching Law
Expectancy & Matching
Concurrent Schedules
Extinction of Instrumental Learning
Extinction Burst
Spontaneous Recovery
Differential Reinforcement
DRO
DRI
DRL
Attention Control
Training & Stimulus Control
Shaping: Training through Successive Approximations
Define Goal or Target Behavior
Design a Program of Instrumental Contingencies
Bring the Shaped Behavior under Stimulus Control
Adduction
Chaining: Ordering Complex Performances
Prompting, Fading, & Shadowing
Rehearsal & Staging
Transfer of Learning
Behavioral Contrast & Momentum
Social Learning
Allelomimetic Behavior
Social Facilitation
Local Enhancement
Learning by Observation: Myth or Fact?
Higher-Order Classes of Behavior
Attention & Learning
A Brief Critique of Traditional Learning Theory
Reinforcement & the Notion of Probability
+R & -R & Ockham’s Razor
An Alternative Theory of Reinforcement
Relations between the Signal, Response, & Outcome
Punishment
Prediction-Control Expectancies & Adaptation
Expectancy Disconfirmation & Learning
Practical Example
Diverters & Disrupters
Conclusion
8. Aversive Control of Behavior
Fear & Pain
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PSY275 – Dr. M. Plonsky - Lindsey (2000) Outline
Negative Reinforcement & Avoidance Learning
Mower’s Two-Process Theory of Avoidance Learning
A cognitive Theory of Avoidance Learning
Safety Signal Hypothesis
SSDR’s & Avoidance Training
Punishment
Definition
Critics of Punishment
Does Punishment Work?
Punishment & “Neurosis”
Positive Side Effects
Coercive Compulsion & Conflict
P+ & P-: A shared Emotional & Cognitive Substrate
Punishers, Rewards, & Verifiers
Direct & Remote Punishment
Using Time-out to Modify Behavior
Loss of Social Contact
Loss of Social Control
Loss of +R
How to Use Time-out
Bridging
Repetition
Duration
Time-in +R
Positive & Negative Feedback
Types of Time-out
Exclusionary Time-out
Nonexclusionary Time-out
Time-out & Social Excesses
-Practice, -Training, & Overcorrection (+Practice) Techniques
Remote-Activated Electronic Collars
Misuse & Abuse of Punishment
Noncontingent Punishment
“Spite” & Pseudoguilt
The Persistent Belief that Noncontingent Punishment Works
Interpreting Pseudoguilt
Negative Side Effects of Noncontingent Punishment
The Need for Close Temporal Contiguity
Hitting & Slapping: OK?
Abusive Punishment: The Need for Universal Condemnation
General Guidelines for the Use of Punishment
9. Learning & Behavioral Disturbances
Experimental Neurosis
Gantt: Schizokinesis, Autokinesis, & Effect of Person
Schizokinesis
Autokinesis
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PSY275 – Dr. M. Plonsky - Lindsey (2000) Outline
Effect of Person
Liddel: The Cornell Experiments
Masserman: Motivational Conflict Theory of Neurosis
Induction of Neurotic Conflict
Treatment Procedures
Lichtenstein’s Experiments
Experimental Neurosis & Social Dominance
Frustration & Neurosis: The Theory of Maier & Amsel
Maier’s Frustrative Theory of Abnormal Fixations & Compulsions
Amsel’s Frustrative Effects: Response Potentiation & Persistence
Learned Helplessness
Experimental Design & Procedures
Results
Immunization & Reversibility
PTSD
Conflict & Neurosis
Expectancy: Prediction & Control
Locus of Neuratogenesis
Locus of Control & Self Efficacy
Defining Insolvable Conflict
Neurosis & the Family Dog
10. Human-Dog Companionship
Theories of Pet Keeping
Savishinsky
Serpell
Yi-Fu Tuan
Forming the Ancient Bond
Affection & Friendship
The Effect of Person
When the Bond Fails
Indifference & Irresponsibility
Role of Behavior Problems
Psychoanalysis & the Human Dog Bond: Conflicts & Contradictions
Communicating, Relating, & Attachment
What is Communication?
Communication & the Regulation of Social Behavior
Cutoff Signals
Effect of Domestication on Social Communication
The Question of Animal Awareness
Cognition without Awareness
Empathy & Awareness
Mysticism
Dog Devotion: Legends
Cynopraxis: Training & the Human-Dog Relationship
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