Multiple Choice
History of Modern Psych, 3e: Study Guide, Chapter 12
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1. What did Pinel’s approach to the treatment of the mentally ill have in common with William Tuke’s
approach?
a. both involved seeking cures through bloodletting
b. in both cases, physically restraining patients was eliminated completely
c. both tried to change behavior by using rewards and punishments
d. both based their ideas on Quaker philosophy and therefore sought to cure mental
illness through religious conversion
2. What was the basic strategy used by Dorothea Dix to bring about reform?
a. she would spend time in mental institutions pretending to be a patient, then write
about her experiences
b. she relied heavily on photographic evidence
c. she would systematically tour an institution, then write a detailed exposé of conditions
there
d. as a former mental patient herself, she was able to describe the squalid conditions
from a firsthand perspective
3. Which of the following is true about the history of hypnosis?
a. Mesmer believed that mental illness resulted from a misalignment of magnetic forces
within the person
b. hypnotism has successfully cured psychological disorders (e.g., hysteria), but has
failed in medical situations (e.g., surgery)
c. hypnosis is the same as sleepwalking (physiologically)
d. mesmerism relies on the power of suggestion, but hypnotism does not
4. According to the traditional psychoanalytic view of hysteria,
a. people suffering from it cannot be helped without undergoing hypnosis
b. the main problem for hysterics is that they are being influenced by the repressed
memory of some earlier traumatic event
c. the symptoms can only be relieved if the person can be made to forget the precipitating
event
d. it occurs only in males
5. What did Freud believe to be true about dreams?
a. the real meaning of a dream is to be found in the latent content
b. the manifest content of dreams reflects our repressed wishes and desires directly
c. dreams are random mental images that could mean just about anything
d. we never actually dream; we just think we do
6. Which of the following is true about Freud’s followers?
a. both Adler and Jung broke with Freud over the issue of sexual motivation
b. of the original members of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, only Adler remained
loyal to Freud over the years
c. Jung was the most creative of Freud’s followers, developing the concepts of the
collective unconscious and the inferiority complex
d. surprisingly, one of the first of Freud’s followers to desert him was his own
daughter, Anna
7. The most universal and common defense mechanism, according to Freud, is
a. projection
b. reaction formation
c. transference
d. repression
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Multiple Choice
History of Modern Psych, 3e: Study Guide, Chapter 12
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8. Considering the kind of problem most likely to be encountered in Witmer’s clinic, it is not surprising that
the APA’s division for ________ gives an annual “Lightner Witmer Award.”
a. clinical psychology
b. counseling psychology
c. developmental psychology
d. school psychology
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Multiple Choice
History of Modern Psych, 3e: Study Guide, Chapter 12
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Answers
1. a. this was a medical strategy used by Rush (among others)
b. restraint was not an issue for Tuke; for Pinel, not a minority of restraints were eliminated
c. CORRECT ANSWER – this was referred to as “moral treatment”
d. Pinel was not a Quaker, and Tuke, who was, did not focus on conversion
2. a. this was the strategy of Clifford Beers, who was a patient for a time
b. not available to her
c. CORRECT ANSWER – and her writings usually had a beneficial effect
d. she was not a former patient
3. a. CORRECT ANSWER – and the cure was to realign those forces
b. it was even useful during amputations
c. there is no physiological similarity to sleepwalking
d. both rely on suggestion
4. a. Freud tried hypnosis for a while, but gave up on it as a useful therapy
b. CORRECT ANSWER – as Freud said, hysterics suffer from their reminiscences
c. symptom relief, according to Freud, only comes after insight into the nature of the precipitating event
d. an early view was that it was a female disorder, but male hysteria also occurred
5. a. CORRECT ANSWER – the true meaning would be hidden and in need of interpretation
b. the manifest content is the “surface” meaning
c. perhaps true, but not what Freud believed
d. we dream every night
6. a. CORRECT ANSWER – a recurring problem for Freud and his followers
b. Alder was one of the first to go
c. collective unconscious, yes, but the inferiority complex was Adler’s idea
d. Anna remained loyal all her life
7. a. common, but not universal
b. common, but not universal
c. not a defense mechanism
d. CORRECT ANSWER – all the defense mechanisms include some degree of repression
8. a. although Witmer invented the term, his work resembled modern school psychology more than
modern clinical psychology
b. Witmer was not involved in counseling
c. although Witmer treated school children, he was not primarily a developmental psychologist
d. CORRECT ANSWER – the problems encountered in his clinic were typically school-related
problems (e.g., inability to spell)
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