BIOLOGY 101 – EXAM 3
PROFESSOR IMHOLTZ
SECTIONS 4015,4016,4023,4024
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40
(1PT)
KEY POINTS:
1.
Read each question fully and take your time
2.
Use your brain! Try to eliminate answers that you know are wrong.
3.
There’s no penalty for guessing.
4.
Write neatly and legibly. Use proper grammar and spelling!
5.
Keep your answers short!
6.
Actual quote from a Biology 101 student: I don’t like your questions,
they make me think too much.
I never really worry about it. I just bear down and keep throwing strikes. Then, I’m
always surprised and pleased when I look up at the scoreboard in the late innings.
-Lawrence Block, 1978
PART ONE (20PTS)
Just to make sure you have some idea about the circulatory, immune, nervous and
reproductive systems answer these easy fill-in-the-blank questions.
a. Oxygen moves from red blood cells into tissue cells by the process of
__Diffusion___________________________.
b. The blood cells that are most involved in immunity are the
_________White___________________ blood cells
c. Excess tissue fluid is returned to the veins via __lymphatic__________ vessels.
d. The SA node signals the atria to contract while the ______AV_______________
sends the signal that causes the ventricles to contract.
IMHOLTZ – BIOLOGY 101 – EXAM 3 – PAGE 1 of 10
e. A stroke can cause a marked decrease in the
amount of oxygen being transported to the _________Brain______________.
f. ___Skin____________________________ is a an example of a barrier that helps
prevent pathogens from entering the body.
g. Certain toxins released by bacteria can act as _____pyrogens________________,
meaning that they reset the body’s hypothalamic thermostat.
h. Antibodies are released by ____________Plasma__________________ cells
i. Vaccinations are an example of ______Active___________________ immunity.
j. ___Allergies__________________ occur when you are excessively sensitive to an
antigen that is not normally considered harmful.
k. ___________Lupus______________________ is an example of an
autoimmune disease.
l. The _________Brain and spinal cord_____________________________ make up
the central nervous system.
m. __Neurotransmitters___________are chemicals used to pass a signal from one
neuron to an adjacent neuron.
n. The space between 2 neurons, where chemical interaction takes place, is
known as the ____Synaptic cleft_______________________________.
IMHOLTZ – BIOLOGY 101 – EXAM 3 – PAGE 2 of 10
o. A(n) ______Reflex___________ is an unconscious response to an emergency
situation.
p. ___Seminiferous tubules___________ are the site of sperm formation
q. ___LH______and _____FSH_____________ are sex hormones released by both
the male and the female pituitary gland.
r. ____Endocrine glands________________ release and manufacture hormones in
humans and other vertebrates
s. ____Oviduct___________________ is the typical site of egg fertilization
t. The follicle cells secrete the hormone ____________estrogen________________.
PART TWO (15PTS) - BEGIN USING SCANTRON HERE!
UP/DOWNS! In each of the following questions, a scenario is given. Typically, they
will be of the form: If x occurs, then y will ___________________. The options to fill
in the blank are INCREASE, DECREASE, or STAY THE SAME.
 If the answer is INCREASE then mark A on your scantron
 If the answer is DECREASE then mark B on your scantron
 If the answer is STAY THE SAME then mark C on your scantron
1.
As the number of red blood cells present in the body decreases, the ability of
the body to transport oxygen will _________D_________.
2.
As you go from arteries to capillaries, the diameter of the vessels will
_____________D__________.
3.
If John took a drug that inhibited the formation of thrombin, then the ability
of his blood to clot would ______D_______________.
4.
As blood travels from the left ventricle through the systemic circuit to
the right atrium, the amount of CO2 present in the blood will _____I_______.
IMHOLTZ – BIOLOGY 101 – EXAM 3 – PAGE 3 of 10
5.
The drug curare prevents the skeletal muscles from contracting. This drug
would make the amount of blood returning to your right atrium ___D_____.
6.
As plaques form in the coronary arteries, the ability of the cardiac muscle
cells to make ATP will ______D____________.
7.
The release of histamine causes both local blood flow and capillary
permeability to _____________I__________, causing inflammation.
8.
As TSUPPRESSOR cells are activated, the amount of antibodies they release
__________S___________.
9.
In the onset of a bacterial infection, the number of antibodies produced
specifically for that particular bacterial antigen will _______I____________.
10.
As the amount of myelin surrounding an axon decreases, the speed with
which that axon can propagate electrical signals will _______D____________.
11.
As an action potential arrives at the end of an axon, the amount of chemicals
released from the axon will _____________I_____________.
12.
As the amount of testosterone in the male body becomes greater than its
proper homeostatic level, the amount of progesterone synthesized will
____________S__________.
13.
As scrotal temperature increases, the efficiency of sperm production will
_____________D______.
14.
Multiple sclerosis causes the speed of action potential transmission to
______________D___.
15.
As the number of platelets in the body decreases, symptoms of anemia will
___________S_______.
PART THREE (15PTS)
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
16.
CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER.
Which of the following is TRUE?
a.
The follicle is a cluster of cells that surrounds and nourishes the
developing egg.
b.
The female urethra has ONLY an excretory function
c.
The vas deferens is a transport tube for sperm AND for urine
d.
Estrogen is produced primarily by the uterus
IMHOLTZ – BIOLOGY 101 – EXAM 3 – PAGE 4 of 10
17.
Recognition of whether cells are “self” or foreign is mediated by:
a.
MHC cells
b.
MHC proteins
c.
APC cells
d.
APC proteins
18.
Which of the following is part of the specific immune response?
a.
Platelets
b.
TKILLER cells
c.
Fibrin
d.
Red blood cells
e.
More than one of the above
19.
Plasma:
a.
Lacks white blood cells but not red blood cells
b.
Is primarily a polar solution
c.
Does not contain any hormones
d.
None of the above
20.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a.
The right ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit
b.
The left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta
c.
Both ventricles will contract prior to the atrial contraction
d.
The atria will both contract prior to ventricular contraction
21.
Which of the following is associated with an increased risk of a heart attack?
a.
Atherosclerosis
b.
Healthy diet that is low in cholesterol
c.
Plenty of exercise
d.
Daily aspirin supplementation
22.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE of sperm?
a.
They contain mitochondria
b.
They mature in the epididymis
c.
They contain nucleic acids
d.
They are produced in the seminal vesicles
e.
2 of the above are NOT TRUE
IMHOLTZ – BIOLOGY 101 – EXAM 3 – PAGE 5 of 10
23.
Blood flows slowly through capillaries. One advantage of this is:
a.
Decreased time for red blood cells to release clotting factors
b.
Increased time for white blood cells to exchange gases and nutrients
with the tissues
c.
Decreased time for exchange via diffusion between tissue cells and
capillary red blood cells
d.
Increased time for platelets in the capillaries to release antibodies and
thus augment their oxygen-binding capacity
e.
NONE of the above
24.
Antibodies are:
I.
Produced by a special type of T cells
II.
Able to bind to certain proteins on the surface of bacteria
III.
Able to bind to certain toxins released by bacteria
IV.
Specific
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25.
All of the above are true
Only II, III, and IV are true
Only I, II, and III are true
Only II and III are true
Only I and II are true
Which of the following is TRUE?
a.
Synaptic knobs on axons are where external stimuli affect sensory
neurons
b.
Motor neurons typically synapse on a muscle or gland
c.
Neurons typically have more axons than dendrites
d.
Neurons lack ribosomes because they are typically not involved in
protein synthesis
IMHOLTZ – BIOLOGY 101 – EXAM 3 – PAGE 6 of 10
PART THREE (54PTS)
ESSAY QUESTIONS. THERE ARE 4 ESSAY QUESTIONS ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES.
SELECT AND ANSWER ONLY THREE OF THEM!!! IF YOU ANSWER MORE THAN 3, ONLY
THE FIRST 3 WILL BE GRADED.
Essay #1
 Draw a BIG neuron. Include a cell body, dendrite(s), and axon(s). Make sure
you have an appropriate number of each. Label your drawing.
 Indicate where signals are received.
 Draw some synaptic vesicles in the correct place.
 At the bottom of the page, write the names of 2 organelles that would have to be
present at the tip of the axon.
 Draw myelin in the appropriate place(s). What is the function of myelin?
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



See figure 13.2 in Mader for a nice neuron picture
Signals are received at the dendrites
Synaptic vesicles will be located in the axon terminal
The 2 organelles are ribosomes and mitochondria
Myelin should encase the axon – with a few openings (nodes). The function of
myelin is to electrically insulate the neuron thus increasing the rate of AP
propagation
IMHOLTZ – BIOLOGY 101 – EXAM 3 – PAGE 7 of 10
Essay #2
 Name the 8 blood types
 For each blood type, indicate the particular protein markers found on the red
blood cells
 For each blood type, indicate to whom individuals with that blood type can give
blood.
 For each blood type, indicate from whom individuals with that blood type can
receive blood
 BONUS – What role do red blood cells play in clot formation?
1.
Type A- has the A marker. Can donate to A-, A+, AB-, AB+.
Can receive from A-, O-
2.
Type A+ has the A and Rh marker. Can donate to A+ and AB+. Can receive
from A+, A-, and O+
3.
Type B- has the B marker. Can donate to B-, B+, AB-, AB+. Can receive
from B- and O-.
4.
Type B+ has the B and Rh marker. Can donate to B+ and AB+. Can receive
from B+, B- and O+.
5.
Type AB- has the A and B marker. Can donate to AB- and AB+. Can receive
from AB-, A-, B-, and O-.
6.
Type AB+ has the A, B, and Rh marker. Can donate to AB+. Can receive
from AB+, AB-, A-, A+, B-, B+, O+, O-.
7.
Type O- has no markers. Can donate to A-, A+, B-, B+, AB-, AB+, O+, O-.
Can receive from O-.
8.
Type O+ has the Rh marker. Can donate to A+, B+, O+, AB+. Can receive
from O+, and O-.
Red blood cells will get caught in the meshwork of fibrin threads and physically
become part of the blood clot.
IMHOLTZ – BIOLOGY 101 – EXAM 3 – PAGE 8 of 10
Essay #3
 What are the 2 types of immunity we discussed in class?
 Give an example of each.
 What is the main difference between these two? (THINK in terms of the cells
involved)
 What immune system role does the skin play? Name 3 ways skin contributes to
protection from pathogens.




The 2 types of immunity are Active Immunity and Passive Immunity
An example of active immunity is the resistance to flu virus after receiving a flu
vaccine. An example of passive immunity is an injection of antibodies to counter
snake venom.
The main difference is that memory cells are produced in active immunity while
they are not produced in passive immunity.
The skin is a barrier to pathogen entry.
1.
Its tough keratinized cells physically prevent pathogens from
entering
2.
Its sebaceous and sweat secretions can wash away bacteria.
3.
Its secretions are often bacteriostatic and bactericidal.
4.
Its top layer often flakes off taking any resident pathogens with
it.
IMHOLTZ – BIOLOGY 101 – EXAM 3 – PAGE 9 of 10
Essay # 4
 Name and categorize all the structures involved in sperm synthesis, maturation,
and transport.
 Name the 4 male sex hormones we discussed in class. Name the structure that
produces each one. Name the function of each.
 How are estrogen, testosterone and progesterone similar?
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Synthesis: sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes
Maturation: sperm mature within the epididymis
Transport: sperm are transported from the epididymis to the urethra via the
vas deferens. The prostate gland and seminal vesicles contribute secretions that
provide the liquid transport medium which sperm use to travel down the
urethra and out the penis to the body exterior.
The 4 male sex hormones are:
1.
GnRH – produced by the hypothalamus and cause the release of FSH
and LH from the anterior pituitary gland
2.
FSH – produced by the anterior pituitary gland and along with
testosterone, promotes sperm synthesis
3.
LH – produced by the anterior pituitary gland and act on certain
testicular cells to produce testosterone
4.
Testosterone – produced by certain cells within the testes and
contribute to sperm formation and male secondary sex characteristics
Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone are all sex hormones and they are all
steroid hormones.
IMHOLTZ – BIOLOGY 101 – EXAM 3 – PAGE 10 of 10