Circulation Review
Review Questions:
1. What is the function f the heart? List the 3 types of blood vessels and give their
functions.
2. What happens in arterioles if a great number of them dilate?
3. Why are capillaries the most important part of a closed circulatory system?
4. Explain why swimming after a heavy meal may cause cramping.
5. State the functions of the valves found in veins.
6. List the chambers of the heart.
7. Name the 2 atrioventricular valves. Where are they found? Give their function.
8. Trace the path of blood in the heart, listing all the chambers and valves.
9. Why is the heart said to be a double pump? Why are the walls of the left ventricle so
thick?
10. Define systole and diastole. How long does the cardiac cycle last? Atrial systole?
Ventricular systole?
11. What is the lub heart sound due to? The dub heart sound? Define a heart murmur.
12. Define a pulse. What is it due to? What does it indicate?
13. Why is the SA node said to be the pacemaker of the heart?
14. The nodal tissue that receives impulses from the SA node is the
AV
node,
which signals the ventricles to contract by way of the
Purkinje
fibres.
15. What is the name of the instrument used to measure blood pressure? Give the
normal resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
16. What is the cause of the sharp dorp in blood pressure as blood moves through the
arteries, arterioles, capillaries. Why is it important to have the slowest blood velocity in
the capillaries?
17. List 2 factors that contribute to the flow of blood through the venules and veins to the
heart.
18. What is the difference between the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit?
Contrast the pulmonary arteries and veins as to the amount of oxygen and carbon
dioxide present in them.
19. Trace the systemic path of blood to and from the kidneys.
20. Define a portal blood system. What is the significance of the hepatic portal vein?
21. What are the 3 major functions of blood?
22. If blood is prevented from clotting and placed in a test tube, what are the 2 major
components? Give the percentage of the total volume of each fraction.
23. What part of hemoglobin contains iron, carries oxygen, and becomes bile pigments?
24. where are red blood cells destroyed in the body? What happens to the iron and the
heme portion?
25. Define anemia.
26. How do leukocytes (WBC’s) differ from RBC’s?
27. What is leukemia?
28. Why does water exit a capillary at the arterial end? Tissue fluid consists of what
components?
29. Why is water pulled back into the capillary at the venous side of the capillary? Where
does the excess tissue fluid go?
30. Define hypertension. Is diastolic or systolic pressure emphasized when medical
treatment is being considered.? Why is it called a silent killer?
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Completion and Short Answer Questions:
1. Label the parts of the circulatory system as shown in this diagram:
a. left Lung capillary/tissue
b. pulmonary artery
c. pulmonary vein
d. left atrium
e. left ventricle
f. aorta
g. body tissues/capillaries
h. inferior (posterior) vena cava
i. right ventricle
j. right atrium
k. right lung tissue/capillary
2. Label the parts of he heart shown in the diagram below.
a. inferior (posterior) vena cava
b. left ventricle
c. aorta
d. pulmonary artery
e. right atrium
f. atrioventrical valve (tricuspid)
g. “
“ (bicuspid) (also “mitral”)
h. semilunar valve (pulmonary)
i. right atrium
3. The heart beats about 72 times a minute. What actually happens is that the
sinoatrial
node initiates the contraction of the
atrial
chambers are not actually contracting, they are relaxing. Contraction is scientifically
termed
systole
, and resting is termed
diastole
.
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4. Fill in the chart below with the words systole and diastole to show what happens
during the 0.85 seconds of one heartbeat.
Time
0.15 seconds
0.30 seconds
0.40 seconds
Atria
Systole
Diastole
Diastole
Ventricles
Diastole
Systole
Diastole
5. Heart sounds.
When the atria contracts, this forces the blood through the
valves into the
ventricle
atrioventrical
. The closing of the valves is the lub sound. Next
the ventricles contract and force blood into the arteries. Now the
semilunar
valves close, and this the dub sound. A heart murmur is caused by
leaky valves
.
6. Trace the path of blood from the:
LV  semilunar valveaortal iliac (in legs)
a. left ventricle to the legs:
b. legs to the right atrium:
iliac inferior vena cava right atrium  AV valve RA
7. Match the statement below to the following terms: a. artery b. vein c. capillary
Is the thickest
A
Has valves
B
Has the greatest total cross-sectional area
C
Takes blood away from the heart
D
Takes blood to the heart
A
Exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen with tissues
C
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8. Fill in the chart below to describe the changes in blood pressure, blood velocity, and
total cross-sectional area of vessels in different parts of the cardiovascular system. Use
the words high and low for describing the blood pressure and the total cross-sectional
area of the vessels and the words fast and slow for blood velocity.
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
High
low
Low
Low
High
low
Fast
slow
Slow
Blood pressure
Total cross
sectional area
Blood velocity
9. Answer the following questions:
a. What force accounts for blood flow in the arteries?
Blood pressure from heart
b. Why does the blood pressure fluctuate for arteries between 120 and 80 mm of
mercury?
This is the lag time between heartbeats; 120 happens during systole, 80 during
diastole
c. What causes the blood pressure and velocity to drop off quickly in the arteries?
Branches into arteriole, and capillaries; also distance from heart
d. What accounts for blood flow in the venules and veins?
Movement of muscles
squeeze blood through the veins - valves only allow blood to move back to heart
10. Oxygen is transported about the body in combination with
hemoglobin
11. At the arterial side of a capillary,
aids the passage of
water out of the blood. At the venous side,
about the passage of water into the blood.
BP
Osmotic pressure
12. Small organic molecules such as glucose are transported in the
portion of the blood.
brings
plasma
Circulation Review
13. Blood components. Fill in the table below.
Formed elements:
__45____% of blood
1. RBC
2. WBC
3.Platelets
Plasma
1. water
2. proteins
3.
albumin
4.
globulin
5.
fibrinogen
6. Glucose
7. amino acids
8. Oxygen
9. carbon dioxide
10. urea
11. salt
12. hormones
13. oops - that’s all I can
find!
Source
__55_____ % of blood
Stem cell in bone marrow
“
“
“
“
14. Capillary bed. The capillaries are the most important part of the circulatory system
because
that is where exchange of nutrients and waste occurs
a. arteriole
e. capillary
b. BP
d. venule
c. osmotic pressure
15. On the diagram shown above of the capillary bed,
a) Label the arteriole, capillary, and venule.
b) Write blood pressure on the side of the bed where it is most significant, and
osmotic pressure on the side where it is most significant.
c) Match the positions above (letters a, b, c, d, and e) with the following
components of the blood:
a&d
blood: plasma + formed elements
b (tissue fluid)
nutrient molecules (for example, glucose and
oxygen) + water
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Circulation Review
c (tissue fluid)
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waste molecules (for example, ammonia and
carbon dioxide) + water
d) Add the words tissue fluid where appropriate.
The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Review Questions:
1. List the 3 main functions of the lymphatic system.
2. Define an antigen. Where are antigens found?
3. Define an antibody. Where are antibodies found? What forms the antibodies?
4. What antigens are found on RBCs for blood type O? What antigens are found in the
blood?
Short Answer Questions:
1. Give 3 functions of the lymphatic system.
a.
returns excess fluid to blood
b.
carry fat molecules from the intestines to the blood
c.
defends against disease (cleanses lymph)
2. The lymphatic system begins in the
capillaries
and ends at the
R.lymph duct (subclavian vein) . Lymphatic vessels carry excess fluid
the tissues to the bloodstream. Like veins, the lymphatic vessels contain valves
that allow only one-way flow.
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