USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2005
GEM MINI-NURSERY BOOK
GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT OF MAIZE
Field Day - Sept. 22, 2005
DEMONSTRATION PLOT MAP
W
ENTRY NUMBERS RUN FROM NORTH TO SOUTH
76
150
RANGE 2
50% Tropical Top Crosses, Lines, and Breeding Crosses
75
1
RANGE 1
Breeding History and Top Cross Hybrids
Field History:
Fertilizer:
Herbicide:
Insecticide:
Planted on May 9th, 2005
Total: N 120 lbs/acre, P 40 lbs/acre, and K 40 lbs/acre
PPI: Harness 2 pt/acre and post: Laddock S-12 @ 1.5 pts/acre + Crop Oil @ 1.75 pts/acre
None
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 1 of 14
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2005
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project
USDA-ARS
North Central Regional Plant introduction Station
Ames, Iowa
September 22, 2005
The Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project is a cooperative effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), universities, private
industry, international, and non-governmental (NGO) organizations to collaboratively broaden the
germplasm base and develop enhanced germplasm from exotic sources. The GEM Project is
administered through the USDA-ARS Plant Introduction Research Unit in Ames, IA and its Plant
Science Research Unit in Raleigh, NC. The sources of germplasm include exotic temperate and
tropical accessions identified by the Latin American Maize Project (LAMP), crossed with adapted
proprietary inbreds provided by GEM cooperator companies as part of “in kind support” of the
project. LAMP contributed most of the exotic germplasm for the GEM Project but GEM also
utilizes other sources of public exotic germplasm such as from the National Plant Germplasm System
(NCRPIS) maize collection at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS).
Presently GEM has cooperators from 19 private companies, 18 public, one NGO, and 10
international cooperators. Guidance to the GEM project is provided by the GEM Technical Steering
Group (TSG) with 10 members representing private industry and the public sector.
Breeding history and GEM breeding methods (entries 1-20):
Corn breeding has an interesting history of germplasm enhancement through cyclic selection
(pedigree selection, recurrent selection, etc) since the early 1900’s. Improvements include better
yield, stalk lodging resistance, disease/insect resistance, and stress tolerance. Entries 1-20 are side
by side observations of germplasm used in the US Corn Belt beginning with the original Stiff Stalk
Synthetic developed by George Sprague in the early 1930’s. Phenotypic improvement can easily be
seen beginning with the Stiff Stalk Synthetic (entry 1) followed by the release of B14 (entry 2), and
B73 (entry 3) released in 1953, and 1972 respectively. A popular non-stiff stalk family includes
Lancaster, and its derivatives Oh43 and Mo17 released in 1949, and 1964 respectively. The most
popular hybrid of the 1970’s-1980’s was B73 x Mo17 (entry 12). Other heterotic groups such as
Midland and Leaming are also shown in the demonstration plot. In the final stage of LAMP, the
accessions were crossed to stiff stalk (SS) and non-stiff stalk (NS) testers, yield tested, and assigned
to heterotic groups based on trial performance. Through the in kind support of private companies the
accessions were then crossed to proprietary lines of either SS or NS heterotic groups to make
breeding crosses for developmental breeding. The GEM breeding protocol is a modified pedigree
method, and early generation testing starts at the S2 stage (first year trials), and S3 stage (second year
trials). The testers used are elite proprietary lines. In the Midwest, the breeding focus is for 25%
tropical breeding crosses, and 25% and 50% temperate breeding crosses. The GEM program in
Raleigh, NC focuses on 50% tropical breeding crosses.
Recommended and re-test lines, and their topcross hybrids (entries 21-72 topcrosses; entries
92-130 inbreds)
GEM top crosses are planted in the east block entries 21-72. These crosses were made with
recommended lines that were released to GEM cooperators for the past 2 years. Some of the
recommended lines also have value-added traits (see section below). Also included in this section
are GEM lines that are now available to the public. Public lines are bolded and include GEMSGEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 2 of 14
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2005
0002, GEMS-0029, GEMS-0021, GEMS-0016, GEMS-0039, DE3, DE4, Tx204, Tx205, and W605S.
The corresponding inbred for each top cross is planted in the adjacent west block entries 92-130.
Two year trial data for the recommended lines are posted at each plot. Lines labelled “re-test” are in
second year trials in 2005.
Value-added trait (VAT) lines and research: (entries 121-130; and top cross entries 21-30):
Methods:
Grain quality analysis is conducted in our labs in Ames managed by Sue Duvick, USDA-ARS. All
VAT data was taken on seed derived from self pollinated lines. No VAT data is available for top
crosses although we plan to collect top cross data in the future. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR)
analysis is done on shelled grain to determine protein, oil, and starch content. GEM target values
include protein of 13%, oil 6%, and starch 75%. Amino acid analysis is being studied in
collaboration with Paul Scott, USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Corn Genetics Research Unit in Ames.
A protein quality index is used based on the three limiting amino acids-methionine, lysine, and
tryptophan. The method used for amino acid analysis is the microbial method reported by Scott et al.
in 2004 (Maydica 49: 303-311). Starch thermal properties are analyzed by Differential Scanning
Calorimetry (DSC) to determine functionality and potential for food and industrial applications.
Further starch research is done by Dr. Jay-lin Jane, Iowa State Department of Food Science and
Human Nutrition. Dr. Jane’s research includes the molecular analysis of amylopectin branching,
enzymology for starch digestibility, and new lab methods to identify germplasm with “resistant”
starch. Resistant starch is now receiving increased attention for human nutrition, diabetes, and
obesity.
Results:
Lines with VAT’s are identified in the appendix and posted data are on signs. Five recommended
GEM lines with protein levels above 13% include entries 123, and 127-130. One recommended GEM
line had high methionine (entry 125), although three additional lines not planted in the demonstration
had protein quality indices significantly above the two “normal” checks, B73 and Mo17. A handout
is attached covering 3 year data for protein quality index (data from Paul Scott lab). Six
recommended GEM lines had interesting DSC values for starch thermal properties (entries 121-124;
126-127). Dr. Jane’s preliminary work identified two lines with high starch digestibility; one of
these lines is planted in the demonstration (entry 127).
Public Cooperator Research and released public GEM lines:
A new feature in 2005 is demonstration plantings of germplasm developed by public cooperators
through Specific Cooperator Agreements (SCA’s). Full reports can be found on the GEM web site
under Public Cooperator reports 2004.
Truman State University: Top crosses with Amylomaize VII lines (entries 38-39 top crosses; entries
112-113 lines- lines not released). Dr. Mark Campbell’s research is the development of 70%
amylose lines using exotic germplasm. The 50% tropical breeding cross, GUAT209:S13 was found
to be a source of modifier alleles to enhance amylose levels when combined with sources having the
amylose extender allele, ae. Future research will include identifying and mapping the modifier
allele(s) with molecular markers. The two lines planted in the demonstration had amylose levels
close to 70% in 2004. Both lines are yellow. The tester used for the top cross was a proprietary
white high amylose line. See Public Cooperator Report 2004, Campbell, on GEM web site.
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 3 of 14
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2005
University of Wisconsin: Top crosses with W605S, and a new experimental (entries 40-41 top
crosses; entries 110-111 lines). Dr. Jim Coors is developing methods and germplasm to enhance
silage yield and nutritional quality. Inbred W605S (a non-stiff stalk derived from the 25% breeding
cross, AR17056:N1019) was released for its high milk production index per acre, and high neutral
detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD). See Public Cooperator Report, 2004, Coors, on GEM web site,
and Silage Breeding website, University of Wisconsin.
Cornell University: Top crosses with anthracnose resistant lines (entries 42-43 top crosses; entries
108-109 lines- lines not released). Dr. Margaret Smith’s research is in progress and lines are in
second year top cross evaluation. Planted in the demonstration are lines derived from the SS source,
CH04030:S0906, a 25% temperate breeding cross. Lines have been found with high levels of stalk
rot resistance and yields approaching commercial check means. Sources of resistance were found in
both SS and NS GEM germplasm (Public Cooperator Report 2004, Smith, on GEM web site).
Ohio State University: Top crosses with GEMS-0002 (entries 55-56 top crosses; entry 96 line). Dr.
Richard Pratt developed GEMS-0002 under disease and stress environments in Ohio, with
collaborative breeding and trial support from GEM private cooperators, and the USDA-ARS in
Ames. GEMS-0002 is a SS line derived from the 50% exotic breeding cross, F8A(S):S09. GEMS0002 is 2 days earlier flowering than B73 in Ames, and has fast dry down with good stress tolerance.
The line was recently registered. See Pratt, R.C., L.M. Pollak, and K.T. Montgomery. 2005.
Registration of maize germplasm line GEMS-0002. Crop Science 45:2130-2131.
University of Delaware: Top crosses with DE3, DE4, and several new experimental lines (entries
57-66 top crosses; entries 94-95 lines). DE3 and DE4 were developed by Dr. Jim Hawk. Both lines
are NS and derived from the 50% tropical breeding cross, DKXL212:N11a. DE3 and DE4 had
protein levels of 14.3 and 13.0 percent respectively. DE4 is also good source for gray leafspot
resistance. (Maize VAT and disease data from UDEL release announcement). A manuscript is in
press for registration of DE3 and DE4 in Crop Science (Hawk and Weldekidan).
Texas A&M University: Top crosses with Tx204 and Tx205 (entries 67-72 top crosses; entries 92
and 93 lines). Dr. Wenwei Xu’s research in Lubbock, TX focuses on the development of lines and
breeding methods for abiotic stress tolerance. Tx204 and Tx205 are NS sister lines and derived from
the 25% breeding cross, AR01150:N0406. Tx204 has a white cob, and Tx205 has a red cob. The
lines have excellent silking ability; stay green; and are resistant to leaf firing under heat and drought
stress. Both lines have good combining ability with B110, B113, and several proprietary SS’s.
(Public Cooperator Report 2004, Xu, on GEM web site).
North Carolina State University: Top crosses with four released lines, GEMS-0029, 0021, 0016, and
0039 derived from 50% tropical exotic germplasm (topcross entries 77-80). The NC lines are not
planted in the demonstration but can be viewed in our nursery. A manuscript is in press for
twenty germplasm lines (Balint-Kurti, et al. Crop Science).
GEM lines derived from 50% tropical breeding cross (top cross entries 73-91):
Only the top crosses are planted. The lines are not planted in the demonstration plot but can be
viewed in our nursery. Entries 73-76 were derived from Midwest programs, and entries 77-91 were
developed in Raleigh, NC. Lines for topcross entries 77-80 are available public lines. Lines from
entries 81-91 are recommended germplasm releases by Dr. Major Goodman for 2005. See GEM
Yield Trail Data, Raleigh, NC, 2004 on GEM website.
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 4 of 14
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2005
GEM accessions and breeding crosses (entries 131-150):
Entries 131-150 are side by side plantings of GEM accessions and breeding crosses that involve these
accessions. The purpose of this section is to show the type of developmental material used by GEM.
There are 25% and 50% temperate and tropical breeding crosses. Entry 137 is the original parental
material for the 50% temperate line, GEMS-0002 (entry 96); entry 141 is the parental material of the
25% tropical line, CHIS775:S1911b-120-001-B-B (entry 124); and entry 143 is the parental material
of the 25% temperate line, CH05015:N1204-057-001-B-B (entry 128).
More information on the structure and organization of the GEM Project, membership, yield trial
results, germplasm releases, and summaries of University and USDA-ARS research can be found on
our web site, http://www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem/. Information and public availability of the
LAMP accessions used by GEM can be found at the Germplasm Resources Information Network
(GRIN) at the web site, http://www.ars-grin.gov.
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 5 of 14
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2005
2005 GEM Field Day (Planted May 9th)
Entry
Pedigree
Information
50%
Anth.
50%
Silk
72 days
78 days
77 days
81 days
67 days
67 days
80 days
88 days
63 days
70 days
72 days
77 days
80 days
77 days
77 days
70 days
70 days
72 days
77 days
77 days
82 days
84 days
82 days
70 days
74 days
81 days
89 days
74 days
70 days
74 days
82 days
96 days
82 days
80 days
74 days
70 days
74 days
79 days
Comments
History
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Original Stiff Stalk
B14
B73
B110
Lancaster Sure Crop
Mo17
Oh43
B57(Midland)
CI31A(Midland)
A218(Leaming)
LH198xLH185
B73xMo17
AR17056
CUBA164:S20
CUBA164:S2012
CUBA164:S2012-459-001-B
CUBA164:S2012-459-001-B/LH185
LH198xLH185
AR16035:S02-450-001-B-B/LH185
LH200xLH262
111-112 day maturity
115 day maturity
111-112 day maturity
117-118 day maturity
Delayed Planting
Top Crosses & Lines
21
130
CH05015:N1502-086-001/LH198
CH05015:N1502-086-001-B-B
Top Cross
2005 Recomm line; high protein
72 days
77 days
74 days
78 days
22
129
CUBA164:S2012-459-001-B/LH185
CUBA164:S2012-459-001-B
Top Cross
high protein
72 days
77 days
74 days
83 days
23
128
CH05015:N1204-057-001-B/LH198
CH05015:N1204-057-001-B-B
Top Cross
2005 Recomm line; high protein; high oil
72 days
77 days
72 days
77 days
24
127
AR17056:N2025-574-001-B-B/LH198
AR17056:N2025-574-001-B-B
Top Cross
orange endosperm; starch properties; protein
72 days
74 days
72 days
77 days
25
126
AR17056:N2025 Select # 03-B-B/LH198
AR17056:N2025 Select # 03-B-B
Top Cross
Starch properties
72 days
74 days
72 days
74 days
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 6 of 14
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2005
26
125
CHIS740:S1411a-783-002-B/LH283
CHIS740:S1411a-783-002-B-B
Top Cross
2004 Recomm line; methionine
72 days
77 days
72 days
78 days
27
124
CHIS775:S1911b-120-001-B-B/LH185
CHIS775:S1911b-120-001-B-B-B
Top Cross
2005 Recomm line; starch properties
72 days
74 days
77 days
77 days
28
DKB844:S1601-003-002-B-B/LH185
74 days
74 days
123
DKB844:S1601-003-002-B-B-B
Top Cross
2005 Recomm line; starch properties;
protein
82 days
88 days
29
122
DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B/LH185
DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B-B
Top Cross
2005 Recomm line; starch properties
74 days
78 days
76 days
85 days
30
121
DKXL370:N11a20-418-001-B-B/LH198
DKXL370:N11a20-418-001-B-B-B
Top Cross
Starch properties
77 days
82 days
77 days
87 days
31
120
UR11003:S0302-1011-001-B/LH185
UR11003:S0302-1011-001-B-B
Top Cross
2005 Recomm line
70 days
77 days
70 days
77 days
32
119
AR03056:N09-182-001-B-B/LH198
AR03056:N09-182-001-B-B-B
Top Cross
2004 Recomm line
72 days
77 days
74 days
80 days
33
118
BARBGP2:N08a18-332-001/LH198
BARBGP2:N08a18-332-001-B-B
Top Cross
2005 Recomm line
74 days
77 days
74 days
82 days
34
117
DK212T:N11a12-191-001-B/SYN-SS
DK212T:N11a12-191-001-B-B
Top Cross
2005 Recomm line
74 days
83 days
74 days
87 days
35
116
FS8B(T):N11a-087-001-B/LH200
FS8B(T):N11a-087-001-B
Top Cross
2004 Recomm line
72 days
76 days
72 days
77 days
36
115
FS8B(T):N11a-110-001-B/LH198
FS8B(T):N11a-110-001-B-B
Top Cross
2004 Recomm line
72 days
77 days
72 days
77 days
37
114
FS8B(T):N11a-322-001-B/LH198
FS8B(T):N11a-322-001-B-B
Top Cross
2004 Recomm line
72 days
77 days
72 days
79 days
38
113
CHIS775:N1912-519-1///GUAT209:S13//ae donor //// ss tester
CHIS775:N1912-519-1///GUAT209:S13//ae donor
Top Cross
Truman State University (Amylomaize VII)
74 days
72 days
74 days
72 days
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 7 of 14
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2005
39
112
DKXL370:N11a20-31-1///GUAT209:S13//ae donor //// ss tester
DKXL370:N11a20-31-1///GUAT209:S13//ae donor
Top Cross
Truman State University (Amylomaize VII)
72 days
67 days
74 days
72 days
40
111
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-21-1 x LH244
SCRO1:N1310-398-1-B-21-1-1-B
Top Cross
University of Wisconsin (Silage Quality)
72 days
77 days
74 days
78 days
41
110
W605S X LH244
W605S (Dervied from: AR17056:N1019)
Top Cross
University of Wisconsin (Silage Quality)
70 days
74 days
70 days
77 days
42
109
CH04030:S0906 Selection #1 x (LH176xLH177)
CH04030:S0906 selection #1
Top Cross
Cornell (Anthracnose Resistance)
67 days
72 days
67 days
72 days
43
108
CH04030:S0906 Selection #2 x (LH176xLH177)
CH04030:S0906 selection #2
Top Cross
Cornell (Anthracnose Resistance)
70 days
76 days
70 days
78 days
44
107
AR16035:S02-450-001-B-B/LH185
AR16035:S02-450-001-B-B-B
Top Cross
orange endosperm
72 days
77 days
72 days
81 days
45
106
AR16035:S02-611-001-B-B-B-B/LH185
AR16035:S02-611-001-B-B-B
Top Cross
orange endosperm
72 days
77 days
72 days
78 days
46
105
AR16035:S02-615-001-B-B/LH185
AR16035:S02-615-001-B-B-B
Top Cross
orange endosperm
72 days
77 days
74 days
82 days
47
104
AR17056:N2035-421-001/LH198
AR17056:N2035-421-001-B
Top Cross
retest line
72 days
78 days
74 days
80 days
48
103
BR51675:N0620-033-001/LH198
BR51675:N0620-033-001-B
Top Cross
retest line
72 days
82 days
72 days
87 days
49
102
DK212T:N11a12-429-001/LH198
DK212T:N11a12-429-001-B
Top Cross
retest line
77 days
77 days
77 days
77 days
50
101
DKXL370:N11a20-036-002-B-B/LH198
DKXL370:N11a20-036-002-B-B-B
Top Cross
New Exp
72 days
77 days
74 days
80 days
51
100
MDI022:N2120-253-001/LH200
MDI022:N2120-253-001-B
Top Cross
retest line
77 days
78 days
80 days
87 days
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 8 of 14
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2005
52
99
NEI9008:S17b16-029-003/LH283
NEI9008:S17b16-029-001-B
Top Cross
retest line
72 days
78 days
74 days
82 days
53
98
NEI9004:S2818-429-001/LH185
NEI9004:S2818-429-001-B
Top Cross
retest line
72 days
77 days
74 days
87 days
54
97
UR05017:S0415-180-002/LH185
UR05017:S0415-180-002-B
Top Cross
retest line
70 days
77 days
72 days
82 days
55
56
96
GEMS-0002xLH185
GEMS-0002xLH283
GEMS-0002
Top Cross
Top Cross
Ohio State University (early SS)
70 days
72 days
74 days
70 days
72 days
74 days
57
58
95
59
60
61
63
64
94
LH198xDE3
B110/DE3
DE3
LH198xDE4
LH200xDE4
B110/DE4
LH310 x DE4
LH332 x DE4
DE4
Top Cross
Top Cross
UDEL (high protein line)
Top Cross
Top Cross
Top Cross
Top Cross
Top Cross
UDEL (gray leaf spot resist.)
72 days
72 days
72 days
72 days
74 days
72 days
74 days
72 days
77 days
72 days
74 days
74 days
74 days
74 days
74 days
76 days
72 days
77 days
62
65
66
LH198xLH200)x mod DE4
CUBA164:S1511b-1-1-1-1 X LH324
CUBA164:S1511b-1-1-1-1 X LH353
UDEL (New exp top cross)
UDEL (New exp top cross)
UDEL (New exp top cross)
72 days
74 days
74 days
72 days
74 days
74 days
67
68
93
69
70
71
72
92
Tx204 x B110
LH200 x Tx204
Tx204
Tx205 x B113
LH200x Tx205
Tx205 x B110
LH247 x Tx205
Tx205
Top Cross
Top Cross
Texas A&M University (Drought Tolerance)
Top Cross
Top Cross
Top Cross
Top Cross
Texas A&M University (Drought Tolerance)
74 days
74 days
77 days
70 days
74 days
74 days
72 days
78 days
74 days
74 days
77 days
72 days
74 days
76 days
72 days
78 days
73
74
75
CUBA117:S15-101-001-B-B/LH185
CUBA164:S15-337-001-B-B/LH185
CUBA164:S15-081-007-001-B-B/LH185
74 days
72 days
74 days
77 days
77 days
74 days
50% tropical derived lines
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
GEM (Midwest) top cross
GEM (Midwest) top cross
GEM (Midwest) top cross
Page 9 of 14
USDA ARS GEM
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
DK212T:N11a-138-001-B/LH198
GEMS-0029/LH185
GEMS-0021/LH283
GEMS-0016/LH185
GEMS-0039/LH198
1881-002/98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3x(LH132xLH195)
1883-002/98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3x(LH132xLH195)
2423-017/99 DKXL 380N11F2S3x(LH132xLH195)
2405-010/99 CHS775N19F1S3x(FR992xFR1064)
1883-001/98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3x(FR992xFR1064)
1883-002/98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3x(FR992xFR1064)
1886-003/98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3x(FR992xFR1064)
1895-001/98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3x(FR992xFR1064)
2423-017/99 DKXL 380N11F2S3x(FR992xFR1064)
1507-001/98 DK212TN11F2S3x(FR992xFR1064)
2410-003/99 SCRGp3N14F2S3x(FR992xFR1064)
Field Day 2005
GEM (Midwest) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
GEM (North Carolina) top cross
72 days
70 days
70 days
70 days
77 days
77 days
72 days
74 days
77 days
72 days
77 days
72 days
70 days
77 days
72 days
70 days
72 days
74 days
74 days
70 days
77 days
77 days
74 days
77 days
77 days
74 days
77 days
74 days
70 days
80 days
72 days
70 days
74 days
77 days
74 days
80 days
82 days
114+
days
77 days
87 days
77 days
112+
days
80 days
114+
days
74 days
74 days
79 days
114+
days
77 days
80 days
74 days
82 days
Accessions and Breeding Crosses
131
132
133
134
135
UR13085:N0215
UR13085
UR01089:S05
UR01089
SANM126:S1299a
25% Temperate Breeding Cross
Race: Cateto Sulino
50% Temperate Breeding Cross
Race: Cateto Sulino
25% Tropical Breeding Cross
73 days
77 days
72 days
72 days
77 days
136
137
138
139
SANM126
FS8A(S):S09
FS8A(S)
DREP150:N2011d
Race: Cuban Yellow
50% Temperate Breeding Cross
Race: USA mixed races
25% Tropical Breeding Cross
110+ days
74 days
83 days
74 days
140
141
DREP150
CHIS775:S1911b
Race: Mixed
25% Tropical Breeding Cross
103 days
79 days
142
143
144
145
CHIS775
CH05015:N1204
CH05015
BR52051:S1713
Race: Tuxpeño
25% Temperate Breeding Cross
Race: Camelia
25% Tropical Breeding Cross
110+ days
72 days
72 days
78 days
146
147
148
149
150
BR52051
AR17056:S1216
AR17056
AR16021:S08a02
AR16021
Race: Dente Amarelo
25% Temperate Breeding Cross
Race: Cristalino Colorado
25% Temperate Breeding Cross
Race: Cristalino Colorado
110+ days
70 days
72 days
72 days
74 days
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
See Plots 55 & 56 for Hybrids & Plot 96 for Inbred
See Plot 27 for Hybrid & Plot 124 for Inbred
See Plot 23 for Hybrid & Plot 128 for Inbred
Page 10 of 14
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2005
VAT data for selected GEM lines (2-year averages)
Entry
Number
Pedigree
121
DKXL370:N11a20-418-001-BB-B
122
DKB844:S1601-073-001-B-B-B
123
Description
Low peak onset of gelatinization
temp; low temp range of
gelatinization
Low peak onset of gelatinization
temp; low peak height index of
thermogram; wide temp range of
gelatinization
Low peak onset of gelatinization
temp; low temp range of
gelatinization; high percentage of
retrogradation; protein
High peak onset of gelatinization
temp
Above average amino acid content:
Methionine
DM %
Protein
DM %
Oil
DM %
Starch
10.1
2.8
63.4
11.7
3.6
70.7
14.8
3.8
68.6
12.8
4.2
68.3
11.1
3.4
69.5
12.2
3.0
66.2
15.3
2.9
64.7
124
DKB844:S1601-003-002-B-B-B
CHIS775:S1911b-120-001-B-BB
125
CHIS740:S1411a-783-002-B-B
126
AR17056:N2025 Select # 03-BB
127
AR17056:N2025-574-001-B-B
High temp gelatinization, high peak
height index of thermogram
Starch quality: High % retrogradation
(DSC); highly digestible starch;
protein
128
CH05015:N1204-057-001-B-B
Protein; oil content
14.0
4.7
63.0
129
CUBA164:S2012-459-001-B
Protein
15.4
3.7
67.2
130
CH05015:N1502-086-001-B-B
Protein
3.5
68.8
3
B73
Check
14.3
9.26
2.81
64.34
6
Mo17
Check
9.79
3.25
63.25
Desired characteristics of DSC parameters for starch properties:
TpG- Onset of gelatinization temperature. Low value means less energy required for starch cooking
process.
RnG- Range of gelatinization. Low value means starch cooking process occurs quickly within narrow
range of temperature (usually homogenous starch granule population). High value means starch
cooking occurs over wide range of temperature (usually heterogeneous starch granule population).
PHI- Peak height index of thermogram.. High value suggests high thickening power within a narrow
range of temperature.
% R- Percentage of retrogradation. Low value means less recrystallizing and more stable starch
which is desirable for frozen and refrigerated products. High value may indicate “resistant starch.”
Source: Pollack, L.M. 2003. Advances in Agronomy 78:45-87
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 11 of 14
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2005
Protein Quality Index (Met + Lys + Trp) – 3 Year
Means
GEMS-0010
GEMS-0017
Normal check
Normal check
GEMS-0029
GEMS-0004
GEMS-0031
GEMS-0026
GEMS-0030
Met check
Lys + Trp check
I
I
I
G
I
I
G
F
I
I
F
F
I
E
I
E
I
I
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
D
D
D
D
D
C
C
C
B
B
B
A
A
DK212T_S11_F2S4_9169
DK888_S11_F2S4_9190
UR13085:N0215-014
DKB844:N11b-118
UR10001:S1813-257
CUBA164:S2012-444
Mo17
FS8B(T):N1802-382
DKXL370:N11a20-322
CUBA164:S1517-163
CUBA164:S2012-606
B73 x Mo17
GUAT209:N1925-081
CUBA164:S2012-488
CUBA164:S1511b-325
B73
FS8B(S):S0316-814
CUBA164:S2012-966
XL370A_S11_F2S4_9220
CUBA164:S2012-313
CUBA164:S2012-235
CUBA164:S2012-459
DK212T_S11_F2S4_9151
SE32_S17_F2S4_9148
XL380_S11_F2S4_9226
DK370A_S11_F2S4_3358
XL380_S11_F2S4_71/97
DKXL212:N11a-139
B101
B45 o2
0
Pedigree
1
2
3
Protein Quality Index
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
D
D
D
D C
D C
C
B
B
A
4
Significance Level
Paul Scott, USDA-ARS, Ames, 2005
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 12 of 14
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2005
Accession Information
Accesion
PI
Number
ARZM 01150
ARZM 03056
ARZM 16021
ARZM 16026
ARZM 16035
ARZM 17056
Barbados Gp.2
BRA 051403 (PE 001)
BRA 051675 (PE 027)
BRA 052051 (SE 032)
CHIS 740
CHIS 775
CHZM 04030
CHZM 05015
Cuba 117
Cuba 164
PI 491741
PI 491799
PI 516022
PI 516027
PI 516036
PI 493039
PI 503885
PI 583911
PI 584913
PI 583917
PI 583890
PI 576258
PI 467139
PI 467165
PI 483816
PI 489361
Dom. Rep 150
FS8A(S)
FS8B(T)
MDI022
SMTI126
St. Croix 1
St. Croix Gp3
URZM 01089
URZM 05017
URZM 11003
URZM 13085
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Country
Classification
Race or Source
Color/type
Temperate
Temperate
Temperate
Temperate
Temperate
Temperate
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Temperate
Temperate
Tropical
Tropical
Dent. Blanco Rugoso
Dentado Blanco
Cristalino Colorado
Cristalino Colorado
Cristalino Colorado
Cristalino Colorado
Tusón
Cateto
Dente Amarelo
Dente Amarelo
Tuxpeño/Olotillo
Tuxpeño
Camelia
Camelia
Argentino
Mixed (Creole)
white dent
white dent
orange flint
orange flint
orange flint
orange flint
yellow dent
orange flint
yellow dent
yellow dent
white dent
white dent
orange flint
orange flint
orange flint
orange semi-flint
PI 484028
PI 536619
PI 536622
PI 571994
PI 515097
PI 484036
PI 504148
PI 479145
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
Barbados
Brazil
Brazil
Brazil
Mexico
Mexico
Chile
Chile
Cuba
Cuba
Dom.
Republic
USA
USA
Peru
Peru
St. Croix
St. Croix
Uruguay
Tropical
Temperate
Temperate
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Tropical
Temperate
yellow semi-dent
yellow semi-dent
yellow semi-dent
yellow flint
yellow flint
yellow semi-dent
yellow dent
orange flint
PI 583937
PI 583939
PI 583927
Uruguay
Uruguay
Uruguay
Temperate
Temperate
Temperate
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Cuban yellow
Cuban yellow
St. Croix
Tusón
Cateto Sulino
Semidentado
Riograndense
Dente Branco
Cateto Sulino
orange semi-dent
white dent
orange flint
Page 13 of 14
USDA ARS GEM
Field Day 2005
Appendix
I. Contact Information for GEM Germplasm Contributors for 2005 Field Day:
Mike Blanco (mblanco@iastate.edu)
GEM Project Coordinator
Mark Campbell (campbell@truman.edu)
Truman State University (Kirkville, MO)
James G. Coors (jgcoors@facstaff.wisc.edu)
University of Wisconsin
Major Goodman (goodman@unity.ncsu.edu)
North Carolina State University
Jim Hawk (jhawk@UDel.Edu)
University of Delaware
Margaret Smith (mes25@cornell.edu)
Cornell University
Wenwei Xu (we-xu@tamu.edu)
Texas A&M University
Tx204 and Tx205 Inbred Lines
II. Web Sites for GEM germplasm & other information:
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) at http://www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) at http://www.ars-grin.gov
Inbred Lines: GEMS-0002, GEMS-0016, GEMS-0021, GEMS-0029, GEMS-0039, and other
public GEMS releases
University of Wisconsin Silage Breeding at http://www.silagebreeding.agronomy.wisc.edu
W605S Inbred Line
University of Delaware Maize order forms at http://ag.udel.edu/plsc/research/MaizeResearch.htm
DE3 and DE4 Inbred Lines
III. Acknowledgements:
Dr. Candice Gardner, Research Leader
Larry Lockhart, Program Manager
GEM homepage: www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem
Page 14 of 14