Name:_______________________________
Cell division and cancer review
1. What type of cell undergoes meiosis?
Gamete cells
or
Somatic cells
2. Define homologous chromosomes. 2 chromosomes with similar structure
3. For each of the following state if the cell is haploid or diploid.
Sperm cell =haploid
Liver cell =diploid
Egg cell =haploid
Stomach cell =diploid
4. If the diploid number in a liver cell of an organism is 52, how many chromosomes are there in
the egg of this organism? 26
5. During meiosis, the chromosome number:
a) is doubled b) is reduced c) remains the same d) becomes diploid
6. Cells starting mitosis & meiosis begin with a (haploid or diploid) set of chromosomes.
diploid
7. How many times do cells divide during meiosis?
twice
8. Draw a tetrad and show crossing over. During what process and in which phase do you first
see this in?
During prophase of meiosis
9. How many cells form at the end of meiosis and how many chromosomes do they each contain?
4 with 23 chromosomes
10. A sperm cell is a (gamete or zygote), and is (haploid or diploid).
11. Which of the following best describe the term “crossing over”?
a.) An exchange of information between two homologous chromosomes
b.) A molecular interaction between two sister chromatids
c.) A molecular interaction between two non-sister chromatids
d.) A separation of two sister chromatids
12. Which letter in Figure 1 represents meiosis? Why?
Figure 1
D, one diploid cell becomes 4 haploid
13. Which letter in Figure 1 represents mitosis? Why?
A, one diploid cell becomes 2 diploid
14. Which letter in Figure 1 represents fertilization? Why?
B, two haploid cells become one diploid
16. What is the ultimate goal/purpose of mitosis?
Growth, repair, replace damaged cells
17. What is the difference between a chromosome, sister chromatids, and homologous
chromosomes? You may draw a picture as your answer.
Chromosome-form of DNA when it divides
Sister chromatids- 2 identical chromosomes attached at a centromere
Homologous Chromosomes- 2 chromosomes with the same structure
18. How are DNA and chromosomes related?
Chromosomes are made of DNA
19. What is the difference between a haploid, diploid, and zygote?
Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes, diploid has 2 sets of chromosomes and a zygote is
formed when an egg and sperm cell combine
20. Give 3 examples how meiosis differ from mitosis.
1. Meiosis occurs in gametes not somatic cells
2. Meiosis forms 4 haploid cells, not 2 diploid cells
3. Meiosis has 2 divisions not one division
21. If the sperm cell of an organism contains 14 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in a
somatic cell of this organism?
28
22. The two major divisions of the cell cycle are:
Interphase and mitosis
23. Draw the cell cycle and label the parts:
24. Describe what happens in each part of interphase:
G1- cell growth
S-DNA replication
G2- cell prepares for mitosis, spindle fibers form
Label the following terms on the diagram below: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase, sister chromatids, centrioles, nucleolus, spindle fibers, chromatin, cleavage
furrow, nuclear membrane, cell membrane, chromosome
25. Cancer is _uncontrolled cell growth___________________________________.
26. Cancer is caused by____cell regulators not functioning properly___________________.
27. Any factor that causes cancer is called a ___carcinogen_______.
28. Define benign
A tumor that does not spread
29. Define malignant
A tumor that develops and spreads
30. Define metastasis
When a tumor spreads to another part of the body.
31. What are cyclins and what do they do?
Cyclins are proteins which control the rate of the cell cycle
32. Name 3 cancer treatments and give a brief description.
Radiation therapy- use high levels of radiation to kill tumor
Chemotherapy- using pharmaceuticals to kill the tumor
Surgery- surgically removing the tumor
33. Explain what happens in each stage of cancer
Stage I. This is usually a small cancer or tumor that has not grown deeply into nearby tissues
and has not spread to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body. It is often called earlystage cancer.
Stage II and III. These stages indicate cancers or tumors that are larger in size, have
grown more deeply into nearby tissue, and have spread to lymph nodes, but not to other parts
of the body.
Stage IV. This stage means that the cancer has spread to other organs or parts of the body.
It may also be called advanced or metastatic cancer.