NOTE: If you suspect that an examinee may have phonological process delays, be
sure you transcribe the entire word (including the vowels) on the GFTA-2 anytime
there is a production difference whether it is on a target sound or not. This will
allow you to transfer the data to the KLPA-2 if you choose to administer it to
further assess phonological processes without additional testing.
While there are no hard and fast rules about what percent of errors on a process
constitute a significant concern, the GFTA2/KLPA2 scoring program often
recommends intervention for those processes occurring 40% or more of the time.
You must also give consideration to the age at which the process is suppressed.
Suppression as defined by the KLPA-2 is the age at which 85% of the
standardization sample made zero errors on that process. Processes can be in error
without necessarily being a concern for a student of a particular age. This is an area
in which you will need to use your clinical judgment.
The Khan-Lewis Phonological Analysis, Second Edition (KLPA-2), was administered to
determine STUDENT’s overall phonological process usage. Normative information is
based the standardization sample of the GFTA-2. The sound differences are analyzed and
classified by phonological processes. The standard score is based on a mean of 100,
standard deviation of 15, with an average range of 85-115.
Standard
Score
90%
Confidence
Interval
Percentile
Overall Intelligibility:
___Good ___Fair ___Poor
Processes
Percent of
Occurrence
Age at which 85% of
Standardization Sample
Made 0 Errors
(Manual p. 74)
Reduction Processes
a) Deletion of Final
Consonants
b) Syllable Reduction
c) Stopping
d) Cluster Simplification
e) Liquid Simplification
Place and Manner Processes
a) Velar Fronting
b) Palatal Fronting
c) Deaffrication
7
5
11
7
8
7
6
5
Concern?
Y/N
Voicing Processes
a) Initial Voicing
b) Final Voicing
6
5
Additional Phonological Processes:
Dialectical Influence: Dialectical influence was considered and was/was not the primary
factor contributing to the errors STUDENT demonstrated.
Analysis of phonological processing patterns indicates that STUDENT exhibits
(reduction/place and manner/voicing) processes that are significant for the student’s age.