Chapter Objectives: Chapters 12-14 Mitosis and Meiosis
1. Describe the structural organization the genome
2. Overview the major events of cell division that enable the genome of one cell to be
passed on to 2 daughter cells
3. Describe how chromosome number changes throughout the human life cycle
4. List the phases of the cell cycle and describe the sequence of events that occurs
during each phase
5. List the phases of mitosis and describe the events characteristic of each phase
6. Recognize the phases of mitosis from diagrams or micrographs
7. Draw or describe the spindle apparatus including centrosomes, nonkinetochore
microtubules, kinetochore microtubules, asters, and centrioles (in animal cells)
8. Describe what characteristic changes occur in the spindle apparatus during each
phase of mitosis
9. Explain the current models for poleward chromosomal movement and elongation of
the cell's polar axis
10. Compare cytokinesis in animals and plants
11. Describe the process of binary fission in bacteria and how this process may have
evolved to mitosis in eukaryotes
12. Describe the roles of checkpoints, cyclin, Cdk, and MPF in the cell-cycle control
system
13. Describe the internal and external factors which influence the cell-cycle control
system
14. Explain how abnormal cell division of cancerous cells differs from normal cell division
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15. Explain why organisms only reproduce their own kind and why offspring more closely
resemble their parents than unrelated individuals of the same species
16. Explain what makes heredity possible
17. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction
18. Diagram the human life cycle and indicate where in the human body that mitosis and
meiosis occur: which cells are the result of meoisis and mitosis and which cells are
haploid and which are diploid
19. Distinguish among the life cycle patterns of animals, plants, and fungi
20. List the phases of meiosis I and meiosis II and describe the events characteristic
of each phase
21. Recognize the phases of meiosis from diagrams or micrographs
22. Describe the process of synapsis during prophase I and explain how genetic
recombination occurs
23. Describe key differences between mitosis and meiosis and explain how the end
result of meiosis differs from that of mitosis
24. Explain how independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization
contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms
25. Explain why inheritable variation was crucial to Darwin's theory of evolution by
natural selection
26. List sources of genetic variation
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Chapter Terms:
Chapter 12 Terms
cell cycle
G1 phase
cell division
S phase
cell-cycle control
system
checkpoint
genome
G2 phase
G0 phase
somatic cell
prophase
cyclin
gametes
prometaphase
cyclin-dependent kinase
chromatin
metaphase
MPF
sister chromatids
anaphase
growth factor
centromere
telophase
mitosis
mitotic spindle
density-dependent
inhibition
cytokinesis
kinetochore
anchorage dependence
mitotic (M) phase
metaphase plate
transformation
chromosomes
cleavage furrow
tumor
interphase
cell plate
benign tumor
malignant tumor
metastasis
Chapter 13 Terms
heredity
homologous
chromosomes
variation
sporophyte
spores
sex chromosomes
genetics
gametophyte
autosome
gene
meiosis I
haploid cell
asexual reporduction
meiosis II
fertilization
clone
synapsis
syngamy
sexual reproduction
tetrad
zygote
life cycle
chiasmata
diploid cell
somatic cycle
chiasma
meiosis
karyotype
crossing over
alternation of
generations
Chapter Outline Framework
A. The Key Roles of Cell Division
1. Cell division functions in reproduction, growth, and repair
2. Cell dividion distributes identical sets of chromosomes to daughter cells
B. The Mitotic Cell Cycle
1. The mitotic phase alternates with interphase in the cell cycle
2. The mitotic spindle distributes chromosomes to daughter cells
3. Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm
4. Mitosis in eukaryoties may have evoled from binary fission in bacteria
C. Regulation in the Cell Cycle
1. A molecular control system drives the cell cycle
2. Internal and external cues help regulate the cell cycle
3. Cancer cells have excaped from cell-cycle controls
D. An Introduction to Heredity
1. Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes
2. Like begats like, more or less: A comparision of asexual versus sexual
reproduction
E. The Role of Meiosis in Sexual Life Cycles
1. Fertilization an dmeiosis alternate in sexual life cycles
2. Meiosis reduces chromosome number from diploid to haploid
F. Origins of Genetic Variation
1. Sexual life cycles produce genetic variation among offspring
2. Evolutionary adaptation depends on a population's genetic variation