Bio. 20 Unit A
Unit Test
True/False
/5 marks
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. Place an A on the scantron for a true answer and a B for a false answer.
____
1. Consumer species are able to synthesize organic materials from inorganic by using energy from the sun.
____
2. Dynamic equilibrium describes any system that has components that are able to continuously adjust to
disturbances.
____
3. Biodiversity describes the number of species found in an ecosystem.
____
4. Animals that eat both plant and animals, such as humans and bears are classified as omnivores.
Scenario 2.1 Deep-Sea Vents
Deep within the ocean at a level where light cannot penetrate, micro-organisms are the source of food for
Rimicaris exoculata or “rift shrimp that lack eyes”. These micro-organisms obtain energy from deep-sea vents
(hydrothermal vents), which are areas that spew heat and sulfide chemicals.
National Geographic. 2003. Vol 203 (Feb.) i2 page 92 (12).
____
5. Use Scenario 2.1 to answer the following question. The trophic status of microbes within the deep-sea vents
community is as a producer.
Multiple Choice
/37 marks
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. The term used to describe several populations interacting with each other and with the abiotic environment is
A. biome
B. population
C. ecosystem
D. species
Scenario 1.3 Benthic Organisms
Benthos are organisms that live their lives at the bottom of lakes, streams and rivers. These organisms are
adapted to be able to hang on to the bottom and stay in place. This adaptation allows benthic organisms to live
at the interface between the bottom sediments or rocks and the water column above. In flowing water, rivers
and streams, benthos are considered good indicator species to assess the water quality and the general health
of the ecosystem. There are a number of different invertebrate species that spend all or part of their life as a
member of the benthic community. Some of these invertebrates species are very tolerant of high levels of
pollution and some are very intolerant. Generally, the biodiversity of the benthic community is used as an
estimate of water quality.
Species/Location
True Midge Larvae
(Bloodworms)
Blackfly Larvae
Site A
(1 km upstream from the
sewage effluent for a city)
22
Site B
(1 km downstream from
the sewage outlet for a
city)
95
14
48
Dragon Fly Nymphs
Damsel Fly Nymphs
Leeches
Beetles
May Fly larvae
Stone Fly larvae
Total Organisms
____
46
51
28
38
37
34
270
30
35
75
0
0
0
283
2. Use Scenario 1.3 to answer the following question.
____
3.
____
4.
____
5.
____
6.
Based upon the information given in the context which of the organisms below are correctly matched to the
description of their pollution tolerance?
A. true midges are intolerant of pollution
B. blackflies are tolerant of pollution
C. beetles are tolerant of pollution
D. leeches are intolerant of pollution
Use Scenario 1.3 to answer the following question.
Based upon the information in the context, sewage effluent is classified a water pollutant because the
biodiversity of the benthic community
A. increases at a location below its release
B. decreases at a location above its release
C. decreases at a location below its release
D. is unchanged at a location below its release.
Dynamic equilibrium is best defined as
A. a system whose composition is undergoing continuous changes
B. a system that is experiencing constant conditions
C. a system that undergoes periodic disturbances to which it adjusts
D. a system that undergoes periodic disturbances to which it does not adjusts
Which of the following terms is correctly matched to its definition?
A. producer - breaks down dead or decaying organic matter
B. decomposer - captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce organic matter
C. primary consumer - eats carnivores
D. secondary consumer - eats carnivores
By the 1990’s, the Swift fox had disappeared from its range in Western Canada. The term that would best
describe the status of the Swift fox at this time would be
A. extinct in Western Canada
B. extirpated in Western Canada
C. threatened in Western Canada
D. special concern in Western Canada
Figure 2.1 Food Web
____
7. Use Figure 2.1 to answer the following question.
____
Which of the responses correctly matches the organism from the food web with its trophic level?
A. moose are primary consumers
B. aquatic plants are primary consumers
C. elk are secondary consumers
D. wolves are tertiary consumers
8. Use Figure 2.1 to answer the following question.
____
If a bear, which eats any of the organisms shown, was introduced to this ecosystem, what type of consumer
would that bear be classified as?
A. carnivore
B. omnivore
C. detritivore
D. producer
9. Use Figure 2.1 to answer the following question.
What group of organisms, important to the sustainability of the system, is missing here?
A.
B.
C.
D.
tertiary consumers
herbivores
decomposers
omnivores
Scenario 2.2 Prairie Ecosystem
In a prairie ecosystem, small mammals like gophers rely on vegetation for survival, while coyotes consume
small mammals like gophers.
____ 10. Use Scenario 2.2 to answer the following question.
Based upon the information in the scenario, coyotes are examples of
A. primary consumers
B. secondary consumers
C. tertiary consumers
D. detritivores
____ 11. Use Scenario 2.2 to answer the following question.
The relationship described in the scenario is best described as
A. a food web
B. an energy pyramid
C. a biomass pyramid
D. a food chain
Data Table 2.1 Food Pyramid Data
Trophic Level
Energy (kJ)
2nd Order Consumer
10 000
1st Order consumer
100 000
Producer
1 000 000
____ 12. Use Data Table 2.1 to answer the following question.
The energy lost between trophic levels is lost due to which of the following processes
A. cellular respiration and photosynthesis
B. photosynthesis and decomposition
C. metabolism and decomposition
D. metabolism and photosynthesis
____ 13. Which of the following organisms would be found on a decaying log?
A. producers
B. primary consumers
C. secondary consumers
D. decomposers
____ 14. Monoculture is
A. the number of species in a given ecosystem
B. the situation found most often in natural systems
C. any habitat that contains primarily one species of plant
D. any habitat that contains only one plant species or one animal species
Figure 3.1 The Carbon Cycle
____ 15. Use Figure 3.1 to answer the following question.
Which of the following processes in this carbon cycle results in a net decrease in the amount of carbon in the
atmosphere?
A. respiration
B. photosynthesis
C. decomposition
D. combustion
____ 16. Use Figure 3.1 to answer the following question.
Carbon cycles between the inorganic form __________ and organic forms such as __________.
A. carbon dioxide and glucose respectively
B. glucose and methane respectively
C. methane and carbon dioxide respectively
D. carbon and glucose respectively
____ 17. The process by which matter cycles between the abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem is
collectively known as
A. biological cycle
B. food web
C. biogeochemical cycle
____ 18.
____ 19.
____ 20.
____ 21.
____ 22.
____ 23.
D. matter does not cycle
Of the five matter cycles, which one does not include a gaseous state?
A. carbon cycle
B. nitrogen cycle
C. oxygen cycle
D. phosphorus cycle
The process which converts carbon dioxide to glucose is known as
A. combustion
B. dissolving
C. photosynthesis
D. respiration
If a toxic spill killed most of the algae in the oceans, which gas would be expected to build up in the
atmosphere?
A. carbon dioxide
B. oxygen
C. nitrogen
D. water vapour
Which of the following cycles are humans contributing to the most when we burn fossil fuels?
A. phosphorus
B. nitrogen
C. hydrological
D. carbon
When farmers apply fertilizers to their field, which matter cycles are they impacting?
A. phosphorus only
B. nitrogen only
C. nitrogen and phosphorus
D. neither nitrogen or phosphorus
Which of the following statements best describes the greenhouse effect?
A. Solar energy is trapped below the atmosphere and reflects back and forth between the
Earth’s surface and the clouds.
B. Gases build up thermal energy in the atmosphere by absorbing heat waves from the
Earth’s surface.
C. Gases amplify the intensity of the solar energy that enters the atmosphere.
D. Gases build up the thermal energy when they absorb heat waves coming from the sun.
Scenario 1.1 The Northern Leopard Frog
Leopard frogs were widespread in Alberta until the mid-1960s when they began to disappear. By 1990 the
frogs were known to exist in only 32 sites in Alberta. There were fewer than 10 adults at most sites with one
site having 20 adults. Most of the populations were found in natural areas such as the mixed grassland Natural
Area and Cypress Hills in southeastern Alberta.
Adult leopard frogs live in the grasslands and feed on insects. Adults return to water to reproduce where
Northern leopard frogs lay up to 3000 eggs in a mass from which tadpoles hatch and develop in the water.
Tadpoles consume algae as they develop.
The local disappearance of leopard frogs from much of their historical range in Alberta, is similar to the
disappearance of amphibians world-wide. Scientists are investigating a number of reasons that may be linked
to this disappearance. The disappearance may be associated with:
1. Drought
2. Frost
3. Disease
4. Acid rain
5. Habitat loss
6. Global warming
7. Increases in ultra-violet radiation (UV radiation)
8. General pollution/contamination of air, soil and water.
____ 24. Use Scenario 1.1 to answer the following question.
All the northern leopard frogs living in a specific area at a specific time are known as (a)
A. species
B. population
C. community
D. ecosystem
____ 25. Use Scenario 1.1 to answer the following.
Northern leopard frogs are dependent on natural grasslands for the adult portion of their life cycle to obtain
their food source. This means that they are
A. autotrophs.
B. heterotrophs.
C. chemo-autotrophs.
D. decomposers.
____ 26. Use Scenario 1.1 to answer the following question.
Global Warming may be driving climate changes that are causing frog declines. Which of the responses
below would not be a factor that is leading to climate change in Alberta?
A. cutting of trees removes photosynthetic organisms
B. burning of grasslands releases stored carbon and removes habitat
C. cutting of trees allows nutrients to run-off into the streams and wetlands
D. flaring of methane by oil wells burns
gas and releases combustion products into the
air
Scenario 1.2 Polar Bears
Polar bears live in the tundra region and depend upon sea ice to hunt their primary food source, seals. Polar
bears depend mostly on the seals for food but, as do other bears, they are able to scavenge different food
sources and thus are drawn to dumps and other potential points of conflict with humans.
The melting of sea ice and the increasing temperature of the arctic caused by the climate changes that are
occurring in the arctic region make it harder for polar bears to hunt food and forces them to travel longer
distances to find good hunting areas for seals. Currently, the polar bear populations are not considered at risk,
but the changes to climate predicted by global warming models suggest that their populations may soon have
difficulty surviving in their traditional ranges. Drilling and mining activities in the arctic also increase the
potential points of conflict as humans move into the large ranges required by polar bears.
Adult polar bear females give birth to twins in a maternity den they dig on land. They breed in late March or
April and the female gives birth in November or December. The mother fasts during the period of time after
the birth and both she and her cubs live off her stored fat. The cubs stay with their mother for two years while
she teaches them to hunt and live in this fragile habitat.
World Wildlife Fund. 2006. Polar Bears>Ecology. http://www.worldwilife.org/polarbears/ecology.cfm
____ 27. Use Scenario 1.2 to answer the following question.
Polar bears can come into conflict with humans when they are attracted to dumps as a food source. Polar
bears who scavenge from dumps may be described as
A. herbivores
B. carnivores
C. detritivores
D. omnivores
____ 28. Use Scenario 1.2 to answer the following question.
Which of the following human activities in Canada is a major contributor to global warming?
A. the release of nitrous and sulphurous oxides from factories smokestacks
B. the release of methane from decomposition in wetlands
C. the release of CO2 by car exhaust
D. the breakdown of ozone by aerosols
Scenario 1.3 Swift Fox (Vulpes velox)
Prior to 1999, the swift fox was classified as extinct within Canada. Reintroduction programs have met with
enough success that this fox is now present in parts of Canada and the listing was decreased to endangered.
Swift fox are will eat any prey that is available, including mice, rabbits, dead animals, birds, insects, reptiles
and amphibians. Swift fox breed as early as in their first year of life, breed once per year and usually mate for
life. Litter size can range from one to eight pups with the average size containing four or five pups. In the wild
swift fox are known to live between 8 and 10 years.
The original population losses were linked to hunting, trapping and predator poisonings in the early part of the
20th century. Since the swift fox is legally designated as an endangered species it is illegal for anyone to
interfere with individual fox or their denning spaces.
Swift fox reintroductions to Canada are affected by habitat loss caused by human conversion of natural
grasslands to agricultural landscapes, pasture and cereal crops.
Additionally swift fox are killed by coyotes both as a prey source for the coyote and as a result of territorial
conflicts between fox and coyotes. Historically the coyote populations in the prairies would be lower due to
competition from wolves and other large predators. Since wolves have been eradicated from much of the
grasslands, the coyote populations have increased in size and dominance.
Additionally, drought and severe winters can impact the swift fox populations by decreasing prey sources
(small mammals and rodents) or increasing the difficulty of hunting these prey.
Cotterill, S.E. 1997. Status of the Swift Fox (Vulpes velox) in Alberta. Alberta Environmental protection,
Wildlife Management Division, Wildlife Status Report No. 7, Edmonton, AB. pp. 17
____ 29. Use Scenario 1.3 to answer the following question.
The trophic status of swift fox is predominantly classified as a
A. omnivore
B. herbivore
C. carnivore
D. detritivore
Table 1.2 Energy Flow in a Tundra Ecosystem
Trophic Level
Net Productivity
(kJ/m2/ha)
Producers
3500
Primary Consumers
350
Secondary Consumers
35
Decomposers
500
____ 30. Use Table 1.2 to answer the following.
____ 31.
____ 32.
____ 33.
____ 34.
____ 35.
____ 36.
These data are best represented by a.
A. food web
B. pyramid of biomass
C. pyramid of energy
D. pyramid of numbers
The process which moves water to the atmosphere from lakes and oceans is called
A. transpiration
B. condensation
C. evaporation
D. precipitation
Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen enter the hydrological cycle to form acid rain in the __________ and fall to
earth through the process of __________.
A. lakes and oceans; evaporation
B. lakes and oceans; precipitation
C. atmosphere; evaporation
D. atmosphere; precipitation
The process of photosynthesis requires __________ and releases __________.
A. water; hydrogen
B. water; oxygen
C. hydrogen; water
D. oxygen; hydrogen
Plants release water to the atmosphere from their leaves and draw water from their roots for use in
photosynthesis. This process is called
A. condensation
B. evaporation
C. precipitation
D. transpiration
Water is also involved directly in the processes that link the carbon and oxygen cycles through the processes
of _________ and __________.
A. cell respiration; transpiration
B. transpiration; photosynthesis
C. cell respiration; photosynthesis
D. photosynthesis; evaporation
Which matter cycle is most closely connected to the carbon cycle?
A. water
B. phosphorus
C. oxygen
D. nitrogen
____ 37. An ecological pyramid that is used to represent energy flow through an ecosystem is called
A. pyramid of numbers
C. biomass pyramid
B. pyramid of energy
D. pyramid of decomposers
Numeric Response
/3 marks
Scenario 2.3 Chemical Pathways
1. Carbon dioxide + water + energy
glucose + oxygen
2. Glucose + oxygen
carbon dioxide + water + energy
3. Ammonia + carbon dioxide
nitrate + carbohydrate
1. Use Scenario 2.3 to answer the following question.
Energy flows through a food chain or food web. Match the equations above to the terms below the blank.
__________
photosynthesis
__________
chemosynthesis
__________
cellular respiration
2. In densely populated areas where food is scarce, people should consume certain foods so they can get the
greatest amount of energy available per gram of food. Rank the following statements from greatest to least
according to the maximum amount of food energy available from the food combinations presented.
1. consume beef and chicken
2. consume beef and vegetables
3. consume fruits and vegetables
4. consume chicken and one bird of prey
_______ _______ _______ _______
greatest ------------------------------> least
Scenario 2.1 Deep-Sea Vents
Deep within the ocean at a level where light cannot penetrate, micro-organisms are the source of food for
Rimicaris exoculata or “rift shrimp that lack eyes”. These micro-organisms obtain energy from deep-sea vents
(hydrothermal vents), which are areas that spew heat and sulfide chemicals.
National Geographic. 2003. Vol 203 (Feb.) i2 page 92 (12).
3. Use Scenario 2.1 to answer the following question.
Indicate the sequence of energy flow in a deep-sea ecosystem by correctly ordering the statements below.
1. energy for muscle movement in the shrimp
2. chemical energy provided by sulphide compounds
3. sulphide compounds converted to organic stored energy by microbes
4. shrimp obtain energy from cellular respiration
__________
__________
__________
__________
Written Response
/10 marks
1. Use Scenario 1.2 Polar Bears (refer to M.C. # 28, 29) to answer the following.
Explain why the top carnivores in an ecosystem, such as the polar bear, would be an important indicator of
the health of the ecosystem. Predict what will happen to the population of seals and to the fish population on
which the seals feed if the polar bear populations are decreased by changes in the environmental conditions
such as sea ice. Justify your predictions by describing the trophic relationships that make up the arctic
ecological pyramids.
5 marks
Table 1.2 Energy Flow in a Tundra Ecosystem
Trophic Level
Net Productivity
(kJ/m2/ha)
Producers
3500
Primary Consumers
350
Secondary Consumers
35
Decomposers
500
2. Use Table 1.2 to answer the following
Draw to scale and label the appropriate ecological pyramid for the data in the table in the context. Indicate
the dimensions of each box. Describe two differences you would expect to observe between this pyramid and
a comparable pyramid for a temperate deciduous forest system.
5 marks
Bio. 20 Unit A
Answer Section
Unit Test
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: F, Producer
2.
3.
4.
5.
PTS:
ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
OBJ:
ANS:
OBJ:
NOT:
1
REF: K
OBJ: 1.1
LOC:
T
PTS: 1
REF:
1.1
LOC: 20-B1.2k
T
PTS: 1
REF:
1.1
LOC: 20-B1.1k | 20-B1.2k
T
PTS: 1
REF:
1.2
LOC: 20-A1.3k
T
PTS: 1
REF:
2.1
LOC: 20-A1.1k | 20-A1.2k
National Geographic. 2003. Vol 203 (Feb.) i2 page 92 (12).
20-A1.3k
K
K
K
K
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: C
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 1.1
LOC: 20-B1.1k
2. ANS: B
The blackfly population increases when sewage effluent enters the stream system.
PTS: 1
REF: S | STS
OBJ: 1.2
LOC: 20-B1.1sts | 20-A1.4s
3. ANS: C
The decrease in biodiversity below the influx of sewage would indicate the negative effects on the stream
ecosystem that is associated with a pollutant.
PTS: 1
REF: STS
OBJ: 1.2
LOC: 20-B1.1sts
4. ANS: C
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 1.1
LOC: 20-A1.1k
5. ANS: D
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 1.1
LOC: 20-A1.3k
6. ANS: A
PTS: 1
REF: S
OBJ: 1.2
LOC: 20-A1.3s
NOT: Cotterill, S.E. 1997. Status of the Swift Fox (Vulpes velox) in Alberta. Alberta Environmental
Protection, Wildlife Management Division, Wildlife Status Report No. 7, Edmonton AB. 17p.
7. ANS: A
Correctly identifies the herbivore moose as a primary consumer
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 2.1
LOC: 20-A1.3k
8. ANS: B
If a bear eats all the types of organisms present it is an omnivore.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: C
REF: K
PTS: 1
OBJ: 2.1
REF: K
LOC: 20-A1.3k
OBJ: 2.1
LOC: 20-A1.3k
10. ANS: B
Coyotes feed on the primary consumer, gophers.
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 2.1
LOC: 20-A1.3k
11. ANS: D
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 2.1
LOC: 20-A1.4k
12. ANS: C
PTS: 1
REF: K | S
OBJ: 2.1
LOC: 20-A1.4k | 20-A1.1s
13. ANS: D
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 2.1
LOC: 20-A1.3k
14. ANS: D
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 2.2
LOC: 20-B1.3k
15. ANS: B
Photosynthesis removes carbon from the atmosphere and fixes it as organic carbon in plant matter.
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 3.2
LOC: 20-A2.1k
NOT: Source Citation: "Carbon cycle." Illustration by Hans & Cassidy. Courtesy of Gale Group. Science
Resource Center. Thomson Gale. 06 November 2006
<http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?ste=1&docNum=CV2210045302>
16. ANS: A
Glucose is the only organic compound listed so only a or d are possible responses. Only carbon dioxide is
bioavailable to be directly converted to glucose.
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 3.2
17. ANS: C
Biogeochemical cycle is the most inclusive term.
LOC: 20-A2.1k
PTS:
18. ANS:
LOC:
19. ANS:
LOC:
20. ANS:
LOC:
21. ANS:
LOC:
22. ANS:
LOC:
23. ANS:
LOC:
24. ANS:
LOC:
25. ANS:
LOC:
26. ANS:
LOC:
27. ANS:
LOC:
LOC: 20-A2.1k
OBJ: 3.2 | 3.3
1
REF: K
OBJ: 3.1
D
PTS: 1
REF: K
20-A2.1k
C
PTS: 1
REF: K
20-A1.1k | 20-A1.2k | 20-A2.1k
A
PTS: 1
REF: S | STS
20-A3.1s | 20-A2.1sts
D
PTS: 1
REF: S | STS
20-A2.1sts | 20-A3.1S | 20-A3.2sts
C
PTS: 1
REF: K
20-A2.1k
B
PTS: 1
REF: K | STS
20-A1.1k | 20-A3.2sts
B
PTS: 1
REF: K
20-B1.1k
B
PTS: 1
REF: K
20-A1.3k
C
PTS: 1
REF: K | S | STS
20-A2.1k | 20-A2.1s | 20-A3.2sts | 20-B1.1sts
D
PTS: 1
REF: K
20-A1.3k
OBJ: 3.2
OBJ: 3.2
OBJ: 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.3
OBJ: 3.3
OBJ: 3.2
OBJ: 1.1
OBJ: 2.1
OBJ: 1.1 | 3.2 | 4.5
OBJ: 1.2
28. ANS: C
PTS: 1
REF: STS
OBJ: 3.2
LOC: 20-A3.2sts | 20-B1.3sts
29. ANS: C
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 1.2
LOC: 20-A1.3k
30. ANS: C
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 2.2
LOC: 20-A1.4k
31. ANS: C
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 3.1
LOC: 20-A2.2k
32. ANS: D
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 3.1
LOC: 20-A2.2k
33. ANS: B
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 2.1 | 3.1
LOC: 20-A1.1k | 20-A2.2k
34. ANS: D
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 3.1
LOC: 20-A2.2k
35. ANS: C
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 3.1 | 3.2
LOC: 20-A2.1k | 20-A2.2k
36. ANS: C
Oxygen and carbon cycles are both closely connected by their dependence on cell respiration and
photosynthesis.
PTS: 1
37. ANS: B
REF: K
PTS: 1
OBJ: 3.2
LOC: 20-A2.1k
REF: K
OBJ: 2.1
LOC: 20-A1.1k
REF: STS
OBJ: 2.2
LOC: 20-A1.1sts
NUMERIC RESPONSE
1. ANS: 1, 3, 2
PTS: 1
2. ANS: 3, 2, 1, 4
PTS: 1
3. ANS: 2
3
4
1
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 2.1
LOC: 20-A1.1k | 20-A1.3k
NOT: National Geographic. 2003. Vol 203 (Feb.) i2 page 92 (12).
ESSAY
1. ANS:
Top carnivores such as the polar bear require a stable ecosystem to sustain their energy needs for a viable
population. If there are negative impacts on a fragile ecosystem like the arctic tundra then the top predators
will be vulnerable to any changes in the populations of the species upon which they depend.
Seal populations will increase because the predation pressure of the polar bears will be removed so that the
population will increase in size until it reaches the limit of the environment to support it.
Fish populations will decline because the seals that prey on them are increasing in number so they will
consume an increased number of fish and thus decrease the fish population. These changes will achieve a new
balance in terms of the energy limits of the trophic levels within the arctic ecological energy pyramids.
PTS: 1
REF: K | S | STS
OBJ: 2.1 | 2.2 | 4.4 LOC: 20-A1.4k | 20-A1.1s | 20-A1.1sts
2. ANS:
Student response should have a pyramid of energy drawn to the correct scale.
-Differences:
-amount of energy in each level would be higher as the forest is a more productive biome due to higher
temperatures and higher water
-decomposer level would be relatively larger as the soil organisms have better growing conditions
or any other reasonable answer.
PTS: 1
REF: K | S
OBJ: 2.2
LOC: 20-A1.2s | 20-B1.1s | 20-B1.4k