Cellular Division
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Leader:
Course:
Instructor:
Date:
Jenny
Biology 211
Raich
Sunday, October 26, 2008
Terms/Concepts: genome, cytokinesis, binary fission, replication, extranuclear DNA (where is it?),
chromosome, karyotype, mitosis, interphase, mutation, how does variation occur?, meiosis, haploid, diploid,
polyploidy, homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids, fertilization, oogamous, independent assortment,
recombination, zygote
1. What is a cell’s genome? A cell’s “hereditary endowment”, the total DNA of a cell (or of a
organelle or population….)
2. The cellular genome = nuclear genome + mitochondrial genome + plastid genomes
3. Fill in the following chart about reproduction:
Process
Description
Binary Fission (prokaryotes)
One forms two, both are alike
Mitosis (eukaryotes)
Replication of the nuclear genome, including all of its
chromosomes
Cytokinesis (eukaryotes)
Binary Fission (eukaryotes)
Division of cell
Mitochondria and chloroplasts (and other plastids) replicate, and
copies are passed to each daughter cell.
4. Eukaryotes have a nucleus that contain multiple chromosomes and is composed of DNA and proteins.
All DNA contains heritable information. Most of a cell’s DNA is in it’s chromosomes.
5. What are the processes involved in the cell cycle? What is a pneumonic to remember them by?
IPMAT (interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) and cytokinesis
6. What is the “End result” of the Cell Cycle? Two complete cells from one, each cell with a complete
genome, each daughter cell is smaller than its parent cell
7. How does variation come about? Mistakes sometimes are made, mutations do occur, and
sexual reproduction “Mixes things up”
8. Fill out the following chart about asexual reproduction:
Description
Advantages
Disadvantages
Via mitosis, offspring are genetically identical
to parent
Single parent is needed, fit genotypes can
proliferate, persistence through time, rapid
Lack of variability
9. Describe sexual reproduction including the result.
Offspring derived from two parents, both parents contribute genetic information
(chromosomes), inheritance with variability, each offspring has a complete genome,
offspring differ from parents and from eachother but both have traits of both parents,
each individual has two parents but only one genome…
This requires: splitting genome in half, reconstruction of entire genome
10. Differentiate between haploid, diploid, and polyploid.
Haploid- a single copy of each chromosome
Diploid-two copies of each chromosome
Polyploid- multiple copies of each chromosome
11. What are homologous chromosomes? The two members of a chromosome pair
12. What are sister chromatids? The two joined chromatids that exist prior to anaphase
13. What is meant by “independent assortment”?
Each pair of chromosomes sorts independently of all other pairs