1 SCIENCE 9 NAME: _____________________ BLK: ____ DATE: ____________ CHAPTER 4 (P. 120-147) THE NUCLEUS CONTROLS THE FUNCTIONS OF LIFE 1. What colour is a pallid bat? ______________________________________________ 2. Where does the pallid bat live? ____________________________________________ 3. What is the advantage to the pallid bat to be coloured the way that it is? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. What cell part controls all the functions in a cell? ______________________________ The Function of the Nucleus Within the Cell (p.122-135) 1. What are chromosomes composed of? ______________________________________ 2. Explain what a gene is. __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. Genes contain information that produces what? _______________________________ 4. What organelle or cell part has the following function? a. Change glucose into energy. ________________________________________ b. Controls flow of material in and out of cell. ____________________________ c. Makes proteins. __________________________________________________ d. Jelly like substance surrounding organelles. ____________________________ e. Specialized organelles that trap sunlight. _______________________________ f. Provides support for a plant cell. _____________________________________ g. Transport system for materials in the cell. ______________________________ h. Place where cellular respiration occurs. ________________________________ i. Makes ribosomes. _________________________________________________ j. Membrane covered sacs that transport proteins. __________________________ k. Protects the contents of the nucleus. __________________________________ l. Sorts and packages protein. _________________________________________ m. Openings in the nuclear membrane. __________________________________ 2 5. Draw and label figure 4.5 on page 126. 6. What chemical are the A, T, C, and G made of? _______________________________ 7. What is chromatin? _____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 8. How many molecules of DNA are in each strand of chromatin? __________________ 9. When a cell is growing, what does the DNA look like? _________________________ 10. What does chromatin form into when the cell is about to divide? _________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 11. Draw and label figure 4.7 on page 128. 12. How many pairs of chromosomes are found in every cell of a normal human? ______ 13. How many chromosomes in total are there in a normal human cell? ______________ 14. What is the #23 pair of chromosomes if you are a male ___________________ female ___________________ 15. Explain what a gene is. _________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3 16. How many different proteins are produced in our bodies? _____________________ 17. Draw and label figure 4.9 on page 129. 18. What is a genome? _____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 19. How many base pairs are there in a human cell? ______________________________ 20. Where are the proteins produced that are needed to make your muscles work? _____________________________Your eyes work? ____________________________ 21. Explain the difference between an enzyme and a hormone. ____________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 22. You need to know the steps of protein synthesis as outlined on page 131 of your text. 23. Do question #11 on page 135. ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 24. Do question #13 on page 135. ____________________________________________ 25. Do question #1 on page 135. a. ________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________ c. 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 4 4.2 Mutation (p.136-145) 1. What gets changed in a gene mutation? _____________________________________ 2. What causes a mutation to occur? __________________________________________ 3. What colour is a Kermode, or spirit bear? ____________________________________ 4. List three ways that a gene mutation might occur. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. What is the likely colour are the parents of the spirit bear? _______________________ 6. Explain what a positive mutation is. _______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 7. Explain what a negative mutation is. _______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 8. Explain what a neutral mutation is. ________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 9. Give an example of a positive mutation that helps humans and how it helps. ________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 10. Give an example of a positive mutation that helps plants and how it helps. _________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 11. Give 2 examples of a negative mutation that that is harmful to humans and why it is harmful. a. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 12. Give an example of a neutral mutation that occurs in animals. a. ________________________________________________________________ 5 13. Explain what a mutagen is and list 3 mutagens that can cause mutations. _________ ________________________________________________________________________ a. ________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________ c. ________________________________________________________________ 14. Explain what gene therapy is. ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 15. READ PAGE 144 AND ANSWER THE 3 QUESTIONS ON THE PAGE. 1. ________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. i. ______________________________________________________________ ii. _____________________________________________________________ iii. _____________________________________________________________ 16. Do question #2 on page 145. a. ________________________________________________________________ b. ________________________________________________________________ c. ________________________________________________________________ 17. Do question #10 on page 145. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 18. Do question #13 on page 145. ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 19. Do question #16 on page 145. ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6 CHAPTER 4 REVIEW 1. One side of a DNA molecule contains the bases AACTCGGATACCA. What would the sequence be on the other side? ____________________________________________ 2. What are the three types of gene mutations? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 3. Explain how DNA contains the messages for thousands of proteins. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Do you think the number of chromosomes in an animal or plant cell reflects how advanced the organism is? Explain why or why not. ______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Draw and label a small section of DNA showing the double helix. Label the nitrogen bases--A, D, T, C--and the phosphate and ribose and a gene section. 6. Do question #21 on page 147. a) _______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ b) _______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ c) _______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 7 Chapter 4 KIM Vocabulary 1. Chromosome 2. DNA 3. Gene 4. Nucleus 5. Nucleolus 6. Protein 7. Cell Wall 8. Cell Membrane 9. Cytoplasm 10. Organelle 11. Mitochondria 12. Ribosomes 13. ER 14. Chloroplast 15. Vesicles 16. Golgi Body 17. Vacuoles 18. Nuclear pores 19. Enzymes 20. Hormones 21. Gene Mutation 22. Gene therapy 23. Mutagen 24. Negative mutation 25. Neutral mutation 26. Positive mutation