Muldoon, K.M. & Goodman, S.M. Ecological biogeography of Malagasy non-volant mammals: community
structure is correlated with habitat. Journal of Biogeography.
SUPPORTING INFORMATION
APPENDIX S3 Results from comparisons of non-volant endemic Malagasy mammal
communities, as reflected by taxonomic structure (species richness and composition), and
ecological structure (ecological diversity).
Table S3-1 Results of regression of richness measures in non-volant Malagasy mammal
communities on forest area (loge transformed).1
Richness measure
r2
F
P
Species richness
0.024
0.752
0.393
Dietary richness
% Frugivory
% Granivory
% Folivory
% Insectivory
% Carnivory
% Omnivory
0.053
0.040
0.005
0.003
0.043
0.033
1.668
1.236
0.150
0.078
1.360
1.036
0.206
0.275
0.701
0.782
0.253
0.317
Locomotor richness
% Arboreal quadrupedalism
% Vertical clinging & leaping
%Scansoriality
% Terrestrial quadrupedalism
% Fossoriality
% Semi-aquatic
0.080
0.001
0.036
0.006
0.003
0.008
2.598
0.036
1.122
0.172
0.096
0.257
0.117
0.852
0.298
0.681
0.758
0.616
Activity Pattern richness
% Nocturnality
% Cathemerality
% Diurnality
0.024
0.020
0.006
0.752
0.609
0.168
0.393
0.441
0.685
Body Mass richness
% BM1 (0-24.9 g)
0.011
0.346
0.561
% BM2 (25-49.9 g)
0.012
0.356
0.555
% BM3 (50-99.9 g)
0.047
1.486
0.232
% BM4 (100-199.9 g)
0.018
0.560
0.460
% BM5 (200-399.9 g)
0.045
1.401
0.246
% BM6 (400-799.9 g)
0.030
0.917
0.346
% BM7 (800-1599.9 g)
0.085
2.803
0.104
% BM8 (1600-2399.9 g)
0.000
0.005
0.945
% BM9 (2400-4799.9 g)
0.116
3.921
0.057
% BM10 (4800-9600 g)
0.017
0.523
0.475
1
For this analysis, we used pooled communities for surveyed areas that span an elevational
gradient.
1
Muldoon, K.M. & Goodman, S.M. Ecological biogeography of Malagasy non-volant mammals: community structure is correlated with habitat. Journal of
Biogeography.
Figure S3-1 Bivariate plot of the first two axes of the principal coordinates analysis (PCO) of species composition of non-volant
mammal communities in Madagascar. Open circles represent spiny thicket; open triangles, succulent woodlands; open squares, dry
deciduous forest; closed triangles, subhumid forests; closed circles, lowland humid forests; stars, unclassified mammal communities.
The eigenvalue for Coordinate 1 = 4.2341 and represents 47.8% of the variation in species composition. The eigenvalue for
Coordinate 2 = 0.79281 and represents 8.9% of the variation in species composition. Abbreviations: Is, Isalo,;Mk, Mikea; Anlv,
Analavelona; KM, Kirindy-Mitea; Ajy, Ambohijanahary; LM, Loky-Manambato.
2
Muldoon, K.M. & Goodman, S.M. Ecological biogeography of Malagasy non-volant mammals: community structure is correlated with habitat. Journal of
Biogeography.
Table S3-2 Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test statistics for comparisons of species richness in non-volant mammal communities
among ecoregions in Madagascar.
Kruskal-Wallis
Mann-Whitney
χ2
d.f.
P-value
Comparisons
U
P-value
Species richness
20.620
4
< 0.001*
Humid & dry
33.000
< 0.001*
Spiny thicket & succulent woodland
0.000
0.060
Spiny thicket & dry deciduous forest
0.000
0.019
Spiny thicket & subhumid forest
0.000
0.003*
Spiny thicket & humid forest
0.000
0.010
Succulent woodland & subhumid forest
1.000
0.041
Succulent woodland & humid forest
0.000
0.042
Dry deciduous forest & subhumid forest
3.500
0.011
Dry deciduous forest & humid forest
0.000
0.010
* Indicates a significant comparison.
3
Muldoon, K.M. & Goodman, S.M. Ecological biogeography of Malagasy non-volant mammals: community structure is correlated with habitat. Journal of
Biogeography.
4
Muldoon, K.M. & Goodman, S.M. Ecological biogeography of Malagasy non-volant mammals: community structure is correlated with habitat. Journal of
Biogeography.
5
Muldoon, K.M. & Goodman, S.M. Ecological biogeography of Malagasy non-volant mammals: community structure is correlated with habitat. Journal of
Biogeography.
Table S3-5 Cross-validated classification of non-volant mammal communities in Madagascar based on multiple discriminant analysis
(MDA) of ecological diversity. Communities in uppercase lettering were unclassified with regards to ecoregion.
Squared
Probability of group
Mahalanobis
Sites
Predicted ecoregion
membership
distance to centroid
Berenty
Spiny thicket
1.000
18.936
1
Tsimanampesotse
Spiny thicket
1.000
4.422
Beza Mahafaly
Spiny thicket
0.479
19.270
MIKEA
Succulent woodland
0.884
4.959
ANALAVELONA
Succulent woodland
0.731
6.475
Zombitse-Vohibasia
Succulent woodland
0.936
1.875
ISALO
Spiny thicket
0.999
9.598
KIRINDY-MITEA
Succulent woodland
0.772
4.823
Kirindy CFPF
Succulent woodland
0.993
1.875
Bemaraha
Dry deciduous forest
0.995
3.838
AMBOHIJANAHARY
Subhumid forest
0.987
2.005
Namoroka
Dry deciduous forest
0.999
12.867
Ankarafantsika
Dry deciduous forest
0.608
8.128
Manongarivo
Subhumid forest
0.697
7.724
Ankarana
Dry deciduous forest
0.993
7.821
Montagne d’Ambre
Subhumid forest
0.952
7.934
LOKY-MANAMBATO
Dry deciduous forest
0.542
12.332
Marojejy humid
Humid forest
0.911
7.631
Marojejy subhumid
Subhumid forest
1.000
9.106
Anjanaharibe-Sud
Subhumid forest
1.000
3.430
Tsaratanana
Subhumid forest
1.000
5.535
Masoala
Humid forest
0.984
1.814
Verezanantsoro
Humid forest
0.999
8.891
Zahamena
Humid forest
1.000
16.245
Mantadia
Subhumid forest
0.950
3.165
Analamazaotra
Subhumid forest
0.948
10.867
6
Muldoon, K.M. & Goodman, S.M. Ecological biogeography of Malagasy non-volant mammals: community structure is correlated with habitat. Journal of
Biogeography.
Table S3-5 continued
Ambohitantely
Anjozorobe
Tsinjoarivo
Ranomafana
Andringitra humid
Andringitra subhumid
Andohahela Parcel 1 humid
Andohahela Parcel 1 subhumid
Andohahela Parcel 2
* Indicates misclassification.
1
Also spelled Tsimanampetsotsa.
Subhumid forest
Subhumid forest
Subhumid forest
Subhumid forest
Subhumid forest*
Subhumid forest
Subhumid forest
Subhumid forest
Succulent woodland*
0.996
0.930
0.997
0.990
0.867
1.000
0.947
0.989
0.615
16.760
3.273
2.838
2.934
4.617
1.405
14.816
6.593
9.224
7