PART 12 . COMPLEX COMPOUNDS
I. REASONS OF COMPLEX COMPOUND FORMATION
I.1. CHARACTER OF BOND IN COMPLEX COMPOUNDS
I. 2. WHAT PARTICLES CAN SERVE AS CENTRAL IONS AND
WHAT - AS LIGANDS IN THE COMPLEX COMPOUNDS
I. 3. HOW MANY LIGANDS CAN BE BOUND TO A GIVEN
CENTRAL ATOM?
II. EXAMPLES OF COMPLEX FORMATION REACTIONS
III. STABILITY OF COMPLEXES
III.1. PRIMARY DISSOCIATION OF COMPLEX COMPOUNDS
III.2. SECONDARY DISSOCIATION OF COMPLEX
COMPOUNDS
IV. DESTRUCTION OF COMPLEX COMPOUNDS
IV. 1. DESTRUCTION OF COMPLEX COMPOUNDS BY
BINDING OF LIGANDS
IV. 2. DESTRUCTION OF COMPLEX COMPOUND BY
BINDING OF THE CENTRAL ION
V. THE MAIN GROUPS OF COMPLEX COMPOUNDS
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V. 1. AQUA COMPLEXES
V. 2. AMINOCOMPLEXES
V. 3. ACIDOCOMPLEXES
V. 4. MIXED COMPLEXES
V. 5. HYDROXOCOMPLEXES
V. 6. COMPLEX ACIDS AND COMPLEX BASES
V. 7. CYCLIC COMPLEXES OR CHELATES
V. 8. INTERNAL COMPLEXES
VI. COMPLEXONOMETRIC TITRATION
VII. BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF COMPLEX COMPOUNDS
PART 13. ELEMENT GROUPS AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL
ROLE
I. ELEMENTS OF VII GROUP (HALOGENS)
I.I. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUP VII
I.2. BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF HALOGENS
I.3. MEDICAL APPLICATIIONS OF HALOGENS AND THEIR
COMPOUNDS
II. ELEMENTS OF VI GROUP (THE OXYGEN SUBGROUP)
II.1. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF OXYGEN SUBGROUP
ELEMENTS
II.2. BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF VI GROUP ELEMENTS AND
MEDICAL USE OF THEIR COMPOUNDS
III. ELEMENTS OF III GROUP OF PERIODIC SYSTEM
III.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUP III
ELEMENTS
III.2. BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF BORON AND ALUMINIUM
III.3. MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF BORON AND
ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS
IV. ELEMENTS OF IV GROUP OF PERIODIC SYSTEM
IV.I. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUP IV
ELEMENTS
IV.2. BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF IV GROUP ELEMENTS
IV.3. MEDICAL USE OF THE COMPOUNDS OF IV GROUP
ELEMENTS
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V. ELEMENTS OF V GROUP OF PERIODIC SYSTEM
V.I. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF V GROUP ELEMENTS
V.2. BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
V.3. MEDICAL APPLICATION OF NITROGEN AND
PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS
V.4. BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF ARSENIC AND BISMUTH
V.5. MEDICAL USE OF ARSENIC AND BISMUTH
COMPOUNDS
VI. ELEMENTS OF I GROUP OF PERIODIC SYSTEM (ALKALINE
METALS)
VI.1. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF IST GROUP ELEMENTS
VI.2. BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF I GROUP ELEMENTS
VI.3. COMPOUNDS OF ALKALINE METALS IN MEDICINE
VII. ELEMENTS OF II GROUP OF PERIODIC SYSTEM
VII.1. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF II GROUP ELEMENTS
VII.2. BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF IIND GROUP ELEMENTS
VII.3. COMPOUNDS OF II GROUP ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE
VIII. d- ELEMENTS, THEIR BIOLOGICAL ROLE AND MEDICAL
APPLICATION
VIII.1. ELEMENTS OF Cu SUBGROUP
VIII.2. ELEMENTS OF ZINC SUBGROUP
VIII.3. ELEMENTS OF Fe SUBGROUP
VIII.4. ELEMENTS OF CHROMIUM SUBGROUP
VIII.5. BIOLOGICAL ROLE AND COMPOUNDS OF
MANGANESE
PART 14. OPTICAL METHODS FOR INVESTIGATION OF
COMPOUNDS AND THEIR ANALYSIS
I. WHY DO CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS ABSORB LIGHT
PHOTONS ?
II. THE ABSORPTION SPECTRUM OF A CHEMICAL
COMPOUND
III. ABSORPTION OF LIGHT AND CONCENTRATION OF
SAMPLE COMPOUND
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IV. PHOTOELECTROCOLORIMETRY
IV. 1. SCHEME OF PHOTOELECTROCOLORIMETER AND
ITS DIFFERENCE FROM SPECTROPHOTOMETER
IV. 2. THE METHOD OF CALIBRATION GRAPH
V. DEVIATIONS FROM BEER’S LAW
VI. DETECTION LIMITS
VII. INDIRECT OPTICAL METH0DS
PART 15 . SURFACE PHENOMENA. ADSORPTION
1. GENERAL UNDERSTANDINGS ABOUT SORPTION
PROCESSES
1.1. ABSORPTION, ADSORPTION, HAEMOSORPTION
1.2.POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ADSORPTION
1.3. MEASURING UNITS OF ADSORPTION
1.4. TYPES OF ADSORPTION AND THEIR GENERAL
PROPERTIES
1.5. ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM
II. ADSORPTION IN THE interface LIQUID/GAS
II.1. FREE ENERGY OF LIQUID SURFACE. SURFACE
TENSION.
II.2. SURFACE ACTIVITY AND SURFACE ACTIVE
COMPOUNDS
II.2.1. STRUCTURE OF SAC MOLECULES
II.2.2. COMPARISON OF THE SURFACE ACTIVITY OF
DIFFERENT SAC. TRAUBE’S RULE
II.3. CALCULATION OF ADSORPTION VALUE IN THE
INTERFACE LIQUID/GAS
II.4. DEPENDENCE OF ADSORPTION ON THE
CONCENTRATION OF SAC (ADSORPTION ISOTHERM)
II.5. THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ISOTHERMS OF
SURFACE TENSION AND ADSORPTION
II.6. USE OF MAXIMAL ADSORPTION FOR FINDING OF
LENGTH AND THE CROSS-SECTION AREA OF SAC
MOLECULE
III. ADSORPTION IN THE INTERFACE LIQUID/LIQUID
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IV. MOLECULAR ADSORPTION AT SOLID SURFACES
IV.1. SPECIFIC SURFACE OF SOLIDS
IV 2. ADSORPTION IN THE INTERFACE SOLID/GAS
IV.3. MOLECULAR ADSORPTION AT THE INTERFACE
BETWEEN A SOLID ADSORBENT AND SOLUTION
IV.4. ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS ON SOLID ADSORBENTS
FREUNDLICH’S AND LANGMUIR’S EQUATIONS
IV.4.1.FREUNDLICH’S EQUATION
IV.4.2. LANGMUIR’S EQUATION
V. ADSORPTION OF IONS
V.1. ION EXCHANGE ADSORPTION
V.1.1. THE STRUCTURE OF ION EXCHANGE RESINS
V.1.2. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF ION EXCHANGE
V.1.3. APPLICATIONS OF ION EXCHANGE ADSORPTION
V.2. SELECTIVE ADSORPTION OF IONS
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